Academic literature on the topic 'Potravinová výroba'

The content of this thesis is a critical analyze of the current methods of risk reduction in a company engaged in food production. Based on the obtained information to suggest methods for measuring and reducing risks in the field of staff and food industry. The food industry comes up with a lot of characteristics of the field, such as professional staffing, increasing demands on the level of hygiene (as part of the enforcement authorities, and by consumers) as well as keeping pace with new trends and technologies. The main contribution of this work is to show how the selected company can deal with the risks and survive in a highly competitive environment.

Isolation of plant DNA is complicated due to the presence of polyphenols, polysaccharides and other metabolites, that are isolated together with DNA. These compounds can affect the yield and quality of DNA and can inhibit a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A modern, simple, and fast method of DNA isolation in molecular biology laboratories is magnetic separation based on reversible DNA immobilization on magnetic particles. These methods allow to obtain DNA of high quality and purity. In the experimental part, magnetic microparticles PGMA 2 mg/ml and magnetic nanoparticles functionalized by polylysine (PLL) 0,2 mg/ml were used for isolation of plant DNA from vegetables (carrots), fruits (pear, apple, lemon, mango) and heat treated food products for children (Hami first carrot, Nestlé fruit pocket, dmBIO pear carrot apple, Hello fruit snack with apples and Hello fruity snack with mango). The efficiency of separation of magnetic particles with bound DNA using a magnetic needle and a magnetic separator were compared. The quality and quantity of isolated DNA were verified by spectrophotometric analysis. The amplificability of isolated DNA was tested in a conventional PCR using primers specific for plant ribosomal DNA (rDNA). PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Major fluorescent bands were of 700, 350 and 220 bp corresponding to three different rDNA amplicons. DNA was isolated from heat treated food products for children in a PCR-ready quality. Only 220 bp long PCR products were detected, that indicated DNA degradation. The identity of PCR products was determined by restriction fragment lenght analysis (RFLP) using NlaIII enzyme cutting the rDNA subregion (ITS1) of Daucus carota (carrot). The digestion profiles were in a good agreement with those predicted from bioinformatic analysis confirming, thus, the specificity of the developed PCR method.

In thesis was verified micromethod for isolation of plant DNA from different vegetable (onion and broccoli) and plant food products in quality for application in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The micromethod allows isolation DNA using magnetic particles from crude lysates of cells obtained by direct homogenization of plant tissues. Various methods of processing homogenates were compared. Homogenization was performed by lysis buffer containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The effect of the organic extraction agents was tested (chloroform-octanol and isopropanol). DNA was purified from homogenates by reversible adsorption on magnetic particles (four different types of magnetic particles were tested). The quality of isolated DNA was verified by UV spectrophotometry. The amplificabilty of DNA was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specific primers for plant ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were used. PCR products of lenght 700 and 220 bp were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Differences in yield and quality of DNA were depended on the homogenate processing and magnetic particles used. The proposed procedure with two magnetic particles was tested for the isolation DNA from plan food products (spreads). DNA was amplified in PCR. Micromethod is suitable for DNA analysis of foods.

The isolation of high quality DNA is nessecary for many molecular biology applications. However, plant DNA contains high amonts of polysaccharides, polyphenols and various secondary metabolites, which decrease yield and quality of isolated DNA. The aim of this study was preparation of samples and different food matrices for DNA isolation DNA by magnetic particles. It was about 5 species of vegetable and 10 species of processed plant food. Homogenization of samples was performed in CTAB buffer. Isolation of plant DNA was performed by magnetic particles covered with carboxyl groups. All DNAs were isolated in conventional PCR qualities using primers for 700 bp amplicons, in the case of heat processed products for 220 bp ampilicons and for real time PCR. The efficiancy of separation of magnetic particles with DNA by magnetic separator and magnetic needle was compared. It was find out that DNA of higher purity was isolated using magnetic needle. The micromethod of isolation of plant DNA from homogenates with CTAB with magnetic particles is suitable for different processed food.

The topic of this diploma thesis is the Consumer protection in the food supplements area. The work has been devided into three parts. The first part is devoted to the overview about categorization of the products with the impact on health. This part of this work also includes the elementary terms, which are: food, food supplements, medicinal products, cosmetics products and medical devices. The second chapter is devoted to the matter of food supplements as such. The third chapter deals with the terms health and nutrition claims. The last chapter includes the survey between the consumers of the food suplements and also the survey between the pharmacies.

The thesis is focused on gastronomic waste produced by households as a part of municipal waste. The thesis comprises theoretical overview of the structure and management of municipal waste and description of the current situation in the world and in Europe in terms of food waste production. A questionnaire survey was conducted in selected states of the European Union - in the Czech Republic, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic. The respondents answered questions on the structure, amount and way of disposal of the food waste that was produced in their households and also, expressed their opinions on processing the food waste in biogas plants.

Legal regulation of sensitive commodity advertising (such as pharmaceutical drugs, dietary supplements, alcoholic beverages, tobacco products, games of chance) The subject of this thesis is the legal regulation of sensitive commodity advertising, such as tobacco products and alcoholic beverages on which I have focused in my work. The thesis is mainly based on topics relevant to current legislation and case law, which are directly linked to the advertising regulation of these products, and is based on controversy with the views of other experts on the subject. In my work I have not only described the historical development of advertisement in general, but also the initial introduction of advertising regulations as such, and, at the same time, the legal instruments related to the private and public law regulation with a detailed breakdown of relevant case law - without omission of international law and European Union law. Simultaneously, I have thoroughly analysed the issue of advertising regulations and its collision with the constitutionally established rights such as freedom of expression and freedom of enterprise also in the light of the imperative judicature decisions. One of the main parts of the analysis of this topic was also the focus on the ethical component of advertising self-regulation,...

Alternative food networks in a post-communist context:: Farmers' markets and farm shops in Czechia Marie Syrovátková ABSTRACT The emergence of farmers' markets (FMs) and farm shops (FSs) in Czechia is a follow-up of the expansion of alternative food networks (AFNs) from Western Europe and North America where they have been developing for several decades. AFNs are an up-to-date topic as they respond to the growing concerns about the negative effects of the globalized conventional food system on social, economic and environmental aspects of food production, distribution and consumption. Each form of AFNs emphasizes a different aspect of the food system sustainability. FMs and FSs should primarily enable direct selling of quality local products made by small producers to support local economy, rural development, environmental protection and to improve quality of life. Based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the aim of the dissertation is to explore the emergence and development of AFNs in Central Europe. Using the example of Czechia, considering the communist past of the region, the work evaluates the contribution of AFNs to build a more sustainable system of food production and consumption and the weak points of the phenomenon in Czechia and, using a comparison of the AFN evolution...

In developed countries, the majority of the population perceives food only from the viewpoint of a consumer. Few know its origin, production technology and composition, and they can't critically evaluate, which products are beneficial in terms of proper nutrition. Therefore, this work deals with the development of consumer literacy in the area of food, i.e. food literacy among pupils of second stage of elementary school, where is not systematic given attention to this theme. As an appropriate example for teaching were chosen milk and dairy products, which are an essential part of healthy eating mostly in childhood. In line with the objectives of this work has been created structured summary of the findings of these foods serving as a theoretical background for teachers. It was also done research survey about knowledge and attitudes to milk and dairy products among pupils of second stage of elementary school. It turned out that in the surveyed sample, most of the pupils consume milk and basic dairy products (butter, cheese, yoghurt), but the consumption of other fermented dairy products is considerably lower. Most respondents considered milk and dairy products beneficial to our health, however they were almost unaware of its production technology and were not interested in their origin and...

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Pedagogická fakulta Katedra pedagogiky DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Přídatné látky ve vybraných masných výrobcích v ČR Food additives in selected meat products of the Czech Republic Pavel Vondrášek Vedoucí práce: Ing. Bc. Alena Váchová, Ph.D. Studijní program: Učitelství pro střední školy Studijní obor: Učitelství všeobecně vzdělávacích předmětů pro základní školy a střední školy pedagogika - výchova ke zdraví 2016 1 ABSTRACT The issue of food additives is a very hot topic in the current society. This fact has been recently reflected in a fair amount of legal regulations governing this industrial branch and almost hysterical campaigns of various food-providing chains that are trying persuade the public that only and just their products are free of any such additives. At the same time, however, and quite effortlessly can each of us get quite opposite information that would definitely harm the aura of safety created round the food additives. It is evident that a typical man takes mostly subjective attitude in this chaos of opposing information which is supported by different fabulations or "reliable information". The aim of this thesis is to clarify the issue of food additives and their use in meat-based products that form one part of unhealthy eating habits in our society. The acquired...