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Pivovarova, Olga, Eva Fisher, Katarzyna Dudziak, Iryna Ilkavets, Steven Dooley, Petr Slominsky, Svetlana Limborska, et al. "A Polymorphism Within the Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) Gene has No Effect on Non-Invasive Markers of Beta-Cell Area and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes." Disease Markers 31, no. 4 (2011): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/971702.
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Chromosomal locus 6q23 is strongly linked to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and related features including insulin secretion in various ethnic populations. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene is an interesting T2DM candidate gene in this chromosome region. CTGF is a key mediator of progressive pancreatic fibrosis up-regulated in type 2 diabetes. In contrast,CTGFinactivation in mice compromises islet cell proliferation during embryogenesis. The aim of our study was to investigate an impact ofCTGFgenetic variation on pancreatic beta-cell function and T2DM pathogenesis. We studied the effect of a commonCTGFpolymorphism rs9493150 on the risk of the T2DM development in three independent German cohorts. Specifically, the association betweenCTGFpolymorphism and non-invasive markers of beta-cell area derived from oral glucose tolerance test was studied in subjects without diabetes. Neither in the Metabolic Syndrome Berlin Potsdam (MESYBEPO) study (n= 1026) (OR = 0.637, CI (0.387–1.050);p= 0.077) nor in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam (EPIC-Potsdam) (n= 3049) cohort (RR = 0.77 CI (0.49–1.20),p= 0.249 for the recessive homozygote in general model), a significant association with increased diabetes risk was observed. The risk allele of rs9493150 had also no effect on markers of beta-cell area in the combined analysis of the MESYBEPO and Tübingen Family Study (n= 1826). In conclusion, the polymorphism rs9493150 in the 5’-untranslated region of theCTGFgene has no association with T2DM risk and surrogate markers of beta-cell area.
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Feister, U., and K. H. Grasnick. "Solar UV radiation measurements at potsdam (52°22′N, 13°5′E)." Solar Energy 49, no. 6 (December 1992): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(92)90162-4.
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Collette, Joseph H., and James W. Hagadorn. "Three-dimensionally preserved arthropods from Cambrian Lagerstätten of Quebec and Wisconsin." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 4 (July 2010): 646–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000058376.
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Three new types of arthropod are described from Cambrian intertidal lithofacies of the Elk Mound Group and St. Lawrence Formation of Wisconsin and the Potsdam Group of Quebec. These arthropods are preserved ventrally in sandstone in life position and in three dimensions, allowing detailed characterization of limb morphologies, labrums, and other organs such as eyes. A taphonomic model is presented, illustrating this unusual, uncompressed, three-dimensional style of preservation. Arenosicaris inflata n. sp., from the Terreneuvian-Furongian Elk Mound Group and the Furongian St. Lawrence Formation, is the earliest unambiguous occurrence of a malacostracan phyllocarid. This 3 cm long arthropod had ovate valves, five pairs of biramous pleopods, and at least 3 pairs of thoracopods. Mosinieia macnaughtoni n. sp., a large (>10 cm long) euthycarcinoid of uncertain affinity with flattened or paddle-like appendages also occurs in Elk Mound strata. Mictomerus melochevillensis n. sp. represents a new euthycarcinoid family and is the first known non-trilobite arthropod from the middle Cambrian-Furongian Potsdam Group of Quebec. M. melochevillensis n. sp. is large (8–10+ cm long), with as many as eleven pairs of well-preserved homopodous, uniramous, non-paddle-like limbs. Both M. macnaughtoni and M. melochevillensis differ substantially from previously known euthycarcinoids in limb morphology and represent the oldest known representatives of the group. Additionally, both M. melochevillensis n. sp. and M. macnaughtoni n. sp. possess morphologies that are consistent with abundant subaerial and subaqueous Diplichnites and Protichnites trackways known from these units, suggesting that these may be the earliest land-going animals.
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Mühlenbruch, Kristin, Rebecca Paprott, Hans-Georg Joost, Heiner Boeing, Christin Heidemann, and Matthias B. Schulze. "Derivation and external validation of a clinical version of the German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) including measures of HbA1c." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 6, no. 1 (July 2018): e000524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000524.
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ObjectiveThe German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) is a diabetes prediction model which only includes non-invasively measured risk factors. The aim of this study was to extend the original GDRS by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and validate this clinical GDRS in the nationwide German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (GNHIES98) cohort.Research design and methodsExtension of the GDRS was based on the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study with baseline assessment conducted between 1994 and 1998 (N=27 548, main age range 35–65 years). Cox regression was applied with the original GDRS and HbA1c as independent variables. The extended model was evaluated by discrimination (C-index (95% CI)), calibration (calibration plots and expected to observed (E:O) ratios (95% CI)), and reclassification (net reclassification improvement, NRI (95% CI)). For validation, data from the GNHIES98 cohort with baseline assessment conducted between 1997 and 1999 were used (N=3717, age range 18–79 years). Missing data were handled with multiple imputation.ResultsAfter 5 years of follow-up 593 incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred in EPIC-Potsdam and 86 in the GNHIES98 cohort. In EPIC-Potsdam, the C-index for the clinical GDRS was 0.87 (0.81 to 0.92) and the overall NRI was 0.26 (0.21 to 0.30), with a stronger improvement among cases compared with non-cases (NRIcases: 0.24 (0.19 to 0.28); NRInon-cases: 0.02 (0.01 to 0.02)). Almost perfect calibration was observed with a slight tendency toward overestimation, which was also reflected by an E:O ratio of 1.07 (0.99 to 1.16). In the GNHIES98 cohort, discrimination was excellent with a C-index of 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94). After recalibration, the calibration plot showed underestimation of diabetes risk in the highest risk group, while the E:O ratio indicated overall perfect calibration (1.02 (0.83 to 1.26)).ConclusionsThe clinical GDRS provides the opportunity to apply the original GDRS as a first step in risk assessment, which can then be extended in clinical practice with HbA1c whenever it was measured.
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Demoulin, G., A. Rüdiger, and M. C. Goronszy. "Cyclic activated sludge technology - recent operating experience with a 90,000 p.e. plant in Germany." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 3 (February 1, 2001): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0154.
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Cyclic activated sludge technology was selected for the Potsdam Wastewater Treatment Plant (90,000 p.e.). The cyclic activated sludge facility comprises four modules integrated into two circular basins. Construction was commenced in February 1998 with seeding of the plant for start up taking place in October 1998. Process performance has been met since Spring 1999 at 80-90% of design load. In order to optimize start-up procedures, respiration rates were used as a guidance for process stabilization and online process optimization during normal operation. Operation for co-current nitrification denitirification provided an ammonia removal of 1.1 mg NH4-N/gMLSS · h (15°C) and a corresponding nitrate respiration rate of 0.85 mg NO3-N/gMLSS · h under aerated conditions. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal generated an effluent mean total phosphorus concentration of 0.38 mg/L without precipitant addition.
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Illner, Anne-Kathrin, Ulrich Harttig, Gianluca Tognon, Domenico Palli, Simonetta Salvini, Eugenia Bower, Pilar Amiano, et al. "Feasibility of innovative dietary assessment in epidemiological studies using the approach of combining different assessment instruments." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 6 (March 9, 2011): 1055–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010003587.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of combining short-term and long-term dietary assessment instruments as new concept for improving usual dietary intake assessment on the individual level.DesignFeasibility study of completing three 24 h dietary recalls (24-HDR) and a self-administered food propensity questionnaire (FPQ). The 24-HDR was conducted by monthly telephone interviews, using EPIC-SOFT software. The FPQ was completely standardized across cohorts and offered either as a web-based tool or in paper format.SettingRandom sample derived from five ongoing European cohort studies (EPIC-San Sebastian, EPIC-Florence, EPIC-Potsdam, Estonia Genome Center (EGC) and Norwegian Women and Cancer study (NOWAC)).SubjectsA total of 400 participants.ResultsOverall, the total participation rate for the present study was 65·3 % (n 261). On average, completion of the 24-HDR was highest for the first 24-HDR (63·0 %) and decreased slightly for the second (60·3 %) and third 24-HDR (56·3 %). The proportions of selecting the web-based FPQ varied among the study centres, with the highest in EGC (92·9 %) and NOWAC (70·0 %) and the lowest in EPIC-San Sebastian (25·5 %) and EPIC-Potsdam (33·9 %). Web users rarely requested support and were younger and more highly educated than those who completed the paper format.ConclusionsThe present study supports the feasibility of a combined application of three 24-HDR and an FPQ in culturally different populations. The varying acceptance of the web-based instrument across populations requires a flexible application of assessment instruments.
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Wittenbecher, Clemens, Tamara Štambuk, Olga Kuxhaus, Najda Rudman, Frano Vučković, Jerko Štambuk, Catarina Schiborn, et al. "Plasma N-Glycans as Emerging Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk: A Prospective Investigation in the EPIC-Potsdam Cohort Study." Diabetes Care 43, no. 3 (January 8, 2020): 661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1507.
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Sweet, Stephen. "The Effect of a Natural Disaster on Social Cohesion: A Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 16, no. 3 (November 1998): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072709801600305.
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On January 8, 1998, a severe ice storm devastated electrical power grids and caused extensive environmental damage in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. This study examines the effect this natural disaster had on perceptions of social relations in the village of Potsdam, a rural community in northern New York State. Residents (N = 88) were surveyed on their perceptions of their community one month following the disaster. These data are compared with a survey (N = 127) of community perceptions conducted three. years prior to the disaster. These two surveys provide a rare opportunity to perform a longitudinal study of the effects of the disaster on social cohesion. Findings indicate that social cohesion increases in the immediate aftermath of the disaster. However, one month after the disaster, perceptions of the community return to predisaster levels. This study indicates that there are few lasting effects on social cohesion resulting from a natural disaster.
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Ma, Jianyong, Stefan Olin, Peter Anthoni, Sam S. Rabin, Anita D. Bayer, Sylvia S. Nyawira, and Almut Arneth. "Modeling symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes globally with LPJ-GUESS (v4.0, r10285)." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 815–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-815-2022.
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Abstract. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) from grain legumes is of significant importance in global agricultural ecosystems. Crops with BNF capability are expected to support the need to increase food production while reducing nitrogen (N) fertilizer input for agricultural sustainability, but quantification of N fixing rates and BNF crop yields remains inadequate on a global scale. Here we incorporate two legume crops (soybean and faba bean) with BNF into a dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS (Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator). The performance of this new implementation is evaluated against observations from a range of water and N management trials. LPJ-GUESS generally captures the observed response to these management practices for legume biomass production, soil N uptake, and N fixation, despite some deviations from observations in some cases. Globally, simulated BNF is dominated by soil moisture and temperature, as well as N fertilizer addition. Annual inputs through BNF are modeled to be 11.6±2.2 Tg N for soybean and 5.6±1.0 Tg N for all pulses, with a total fixation of 17.2±2.9 Tg N yr−1 for all grain legumes during the period 1981–2016 on a global scale. Our estimates show good agreement with some previous statistical estimates but are relatively high compared to some estimates for pulses. This study highlights the importance of accounting for legume N fixation process when modeling C–N interactions in agricultural ecosystems, particularly when it comes to accounting for the combined effects of climate and land-use change on the global terrestrial N cycle.
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Cabral, Maria, Olga Kuxhaus, Fabian Eichelmann, Johannes F. Kopp, Wiebke Alker, Julian Hackler, Anna P. Kipp, et al. "Trace element profile and incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: results from the EPIC-Potsdam cohort study." European Journal of Nutrition 60, no. 6 (February 15, 2021): 3267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02494-3.
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Abstract Purpose We aimed to examine the prospective association between manganese, iron, copper, zinc, iodine, selenium, selenoprotein P, free zinc, and their interplay, with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Serum trace element (TE) concentrations were measured in a case-cohort study embedded within the EPIC-Potsdam cohort, consisting of a random sub-cohort (n = 2500) and incident cases of T2D (n = 705), CVD (n = 414), and CRC (n = 219). TE patterns were investigated using principal component analysis. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to examine the association between TEs with T2D, CVD and CRC incidence. Results Higher manganese, zinc, iodine and selenium were associated with an increased risk of developing T2D (HR Q5 vs Q1: 1.56, 1.09–2.22; HR per SD, 95% CI 1.18, 1.05–1.33; 1.09, 1.01–1.17; 1.19, 1.06–1.34, respectively). Regarding CVD, manganese, copper and copper-to-zinc ratio were associated with an increased risk (HR per SD, 95% CI 1.13, 1.00–1.29; 1.22, 1.02–1.44; 1.18, 1.02–1.37, respectively). The opposite was observed for higher selenium-to-copper ratio (HR Q5 vs Q1, 95% CI 0.60, 0.39–0.93). Higher copper and zinc were associated with increasing risk of developing CRC (HR per SD, 95% CI 1.29, 1.05–1.59 and 1.14, 1.00–1.30, respectively). Selenium, selenoprotein P and selenium-to-copper-ratio were associated to decreased risk (HR per SD, 95% CI 0.82, 0.69–0.98; 0.81, 0.72–0.93; 0.77, 0.65–0.92, respectively). Two TE patterns were identified: manganese–iron–zinc and copper–iodine–selenium. Conclusion Different TEs were associated with the risk of developing T2D, CVD and CRC. The contrasting associations found for selenium with T2D and CRC point towards differential disease-related pathways.
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Prada, Marcela, Clemens Wittenbecher, Fabian Eichelmann, Andreas Wernitz, Olga Kuxhaus, Janine Kröger, Cornelia Weikert, and Matthias B. Schulze. "Plasma Industrial and Ruminant Trans Fatty Acids and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the EPIC-Potsdam Cohort." Diabetes Care 45, no. 4 (February 7, 2022): 845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1897.
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OBJECTIVE Although dietary intake of trans fatty acid (TFA) is a major public health concern because of the associated increase in the risk of cardiovascular events, it remains unclear whether TFAs also influence risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and whether industrial TFAs (iTFAs) and ruminant TFAs (rTFAs) exert the same effect on health. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To investigate the relationship of 7 rTFAs and iTFAs, including 2 conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), plasma phospholipid TFAs were measured in a case-cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition–Potsdam cohort. The analytical sample was a random subsample (n = 1,248) and incident cases of T2D (n = 801) over a median follow-up of 6.5 years. Using multivariable Cox regression models, we examined associations of TFAs with incident T2D. RESULTS The TFA subtypes were intercorrelated with each other, with other fatty acids, and with different food sources. After controlling for other TFAs, the iTFAs (18:1n-6t, 18:1n-9t, 18:2n-6,9t) were not associated with diabetes risk. Some rTFA subtypes were inversely associated with diabetes risk: vaccenic acid (18:1n-7t; hazard ratio [HR] per SD 0.72; 95% CI 0.58–0.89) and t10c12-CLA (HR per SD 0.81; 95% CI 0.70–0.94), whereas c9t11-CLA was positively associated (HR per SD 1.39; 95% CI 1.19–1.62). Trans-palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7t) was not associated with diabetes risk when adjusting for the other TFAs (HR per SD 1.08; 95% CI 0.88–1.31). CONCLUSIONS The TFAs’ conformation plays an essential role in their relationship to diabetes risk. rTFA subtypes may have opposing relationships to diabetes risk. Previous observations for reduced diabetes risk with higher levels of circulating trans-palmitoleic acid are likely due to confounding.
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Zietemann, Vera, Janine Kröger, Cornelia Enzenbach, Eugene Jansen, Andreas Fritsche, Cornelia Weikert, Heiner Boeing, and Matthias B. Schulze. "Genetic variation of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster and n-6 PUFA composition in erythrocyte membranes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study." British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 12 (August 9, 2010): 1748–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510002916.
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Delta-5 (D5D) and delta-6 (D6D) desaturases are key enzymes in PUFA metabolism. Several factors (e.g. hyperglycaemia, hypertension, blood lipids, statins and fatty acids in diet and biological tissues) may influence desaturase activity. The goals were to evaluate the associations between variation in genes encoding these desaturases (FADS1 and FADS2) and blood concentrations of n-6 PUFA and estimated D5D and D6D activities (evaluated as product/precursor ratio), and to investigate whether other factors influencing the activity of desaturases modify these associations. A random sample of 2066 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study (n 27 548) was utilised in the analyses. Crude and adjusted associations between rs174546 genotypes (reflecting genetic variation in the FADS1FADS2 gene cluster), n-6 PUFA in erythrocytes and estimated desaturase activities were evaluated using multiple linear regression. Potential effect modification was determined by performing stratified analyses and evaluating interaction terms. We found rs174546 genotypes to be related to linoleic (r2 0·060), γ-linolenic (r2 0·041), eicosadienoic (r2 0·034), arachidonic (r2 0·026), docosatetraenoic acids (r2 0·028), estimated D6D activity (r2 0·052) and particularly strongly to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, r2 0·182) and D5D activity (r2 0·231). We did not observe effect modifications with regard to the estimated D5D activity, DGLA and arachidonic acid (AA) for most of the factors evaluated; however, the genetic effect on D5D activity and DGLA may be modified by the dietary n-6:n-3-ratio (P-values for interaction: 0·008 and 0·002), and the genetic effect on DGLA and AA may be modified by lipid-lowering medication (P-values for interaction: 0·0004 and 0·006). In conclusion, genetic variation in the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster affects n-6 PUFA profiles in erythrocytes reflecting altered D5D activity.
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Braakhekke, Maarten C., Karin T. Rebel, Stefan C. Dekker, Benjamin Smith, Arthur H. W. Beusen, and Martin J. Wassen. "Nitrogen leaching from natural ecosystems under global change: a modelling study." Earth System Dynamics 8, no. 4 (December 12, 2017): 1121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1121-2017.
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Abstract. To study global nitrogen (N) leaching from natural ecosystems under changing N deposition, climate, and atmospheric CO2, we performed a factorial model experiment for the period 1901–2006 with the N-enabled global terrestrial ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS (Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator). In eight global simulations, we used either the true transient time series of N deposition, climate, and atmospheric CO2 as input or kept combinations of these drivers constant at initial values. The results show that N deposition is globally the strongest driver of simulated N leaching, individually causing an increase of 88 % by 1997–2006 relative to pre-industrial conditions. Climate change led globally to a 31 % increase in N leaching, but the size and direction of change varied among global regions: leaching generally increased in regions with high soil organic carbon storage and high initial N status, and decreased in regions with a positive trend in vegetation productivity or decreasing precipitation. Rising atmospheric CO2 generally caused decreased N leaching (33 % globally), with strongest effects in regions with high productivity and N availability. All drivers combined resulted in a rise of N leaching by 73 % with strongest increases in Europe, eastern North America and South-East Asia, where N deposition rates are highest. Decreases in N leaching were predicted for the Amazon and northern India. We further found that N loss by fire regionally is a large term in the N budget, associated with lower N leaching, particularly in semi-arid biomes. Predicted global N leaching from natural lands rose from 13.6 Tg N yr−1 in 1901–1911 to 18.5 Tg N yr−1 in 1997–2006, accounting for reductions of natural land cover. Ecosystem N status (quantified as the reduction of vegetation productivity due to N limitation) shows a similar positive temporal trend but large spatial variability. Interestingly, this variability is more strongly related to vegetation type than N input. Similarly, the relationship between N status and (relative) N leaching is highly variable due to confounding factors such as soil water fluxes, fire occurrence, and growing season length. Nevertheless, our results suggest that regions with very high N deposition rates are approaching a state of N saturation.
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Koelman, Liselot, Inge Huybrechts, Sander Biesbroek, Pieter van ‘t Veer, Matthias B. Schulze, and Krasimira Aleksandrova. "Dietary Choices Impact on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Determinants and Correlates in a Sample of Adults from Eastern Germany." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 3854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073854.
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The present study estimated diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and land use (LU) in a sample of adults, examined main dietary contributors of GHGE, and evaluated socio demographic, lifestyle, and wellbeing factors as potential determinants of high environmental impact. A cross-sectional design based on data collected from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)—Potsdam cohort (2010–2012) was used. Usual diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. Diet-related GHGE and LU were calculated using a European-average lifecycle analyses-food-item database (SHARP-ID). Information on potential determinants were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Men (n = 404) and women (n = 401) at an average age of 66.0 ± 8.4 years were included. Dietary-related energy-adjusted GHGE in men was 6.6 ± 0.9 and in women was 7.0 ± 1.1 kg CO2 eq per 2000 kcal. LU in men was 7.8 ± 1.2 and in women was 7.7 ± 1.2 m2/year per 2000 kcal. Food groups contributing to most GHGE included dairy, meat and non-alcoholic beverages. Among women, being single, having a job, being a smoker and having higher BMI were characteristics associated with higher GHGE, whereas for men these included being married, longer sleeping duration and higher BMI. Further studies are warranted to provide insights into population-specific determinants of sustainable dietary choices.
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Hovestadt, Maximilian, Stephan Bendt, Suvendu Sekhar Mondal, Karsten Behrens, Florian Reif, Merle Döpken, Hans-Jürgen Holdt, Frerich J. Keil, and Martin Hartmann. "Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of Different Linker Molecules in Imidazolate Frameworks Potsdam (IFP-n) on the Separation of Olefin–Paraffin Mixtures." Langmuir 33, no. 42 (August 24, 2017): 11170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02016.
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Ramachandran, Varsha, R. Hainich, W. R. Hamann, L. M. Oskinova, T. Shenar, A. A. C. Sander, H. Todt, and J. S. Gallagher. "Stellar population of the superbubble N 206 in the LMC." Astronomy & Astrophysics 609 (December 22, 2017): A7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731093.
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Context. Massive stars severely influence their environment by their strong ionizing radiation and by the momentum and kinetic energy input provided by their stellar winds and supernovae. Quantitative analyses of massive stars are required to understand how their feedback creates and shapes large scale structures of the interstellar medium. The giant H ii region N 206 in the Large Magellanic Cloud contains an OB association that powers a superbubble filled with hot X-ray emitting gas, serving as an ideal laboratory in this context. Aims. We aim to estimate stellar and wind parameters of all OB stars in N 206 by means of quantitative spectroscopic analyses. In this first paper, we focus on the nine Of-type stars located in this region. We determine their ionizing flux and wind mechanical energy. The analysis of nitrogen abundances in our sample probes rotational mixing. Methods. We obtained optical spectra with the multi-object spectrograph FLAMES at the ESO-VLT. When possible, the optical spectroscopy was complemented by UV spectra from the HST, IUE, and FUSE archives. Detailed spectral classifications are presented for our sample Of-type stars. For the quantitative spectroscopic analysis we used the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet model atmosphere code. We determined the physical parameters and nitrogen abundances of our sample stars by fitting synthetic spectra to the observations. Results. The stellar and wind parameters of nine Of-type stars, which are largely derived from spectral analysis are used to construct wind momentum − luminosity relationship. We find that our sample follows a relation close to the theoretical prediction, assuming clumped winds. The most massive star in the N 206 association is an Of supergiant that has a very high mass-loss rate. Two objects in our sample reveal composite spectra, showing that the Of primaries have companions of late O subtype. All stars in our sample have an evolutionary age of less than 4 million yr, with the O2-type star being the youngest. All these stars show a systematic discrepancy between evolutionary and spectroscopic masses. All stars in our sample are nitrogen enriched. Nitrogen enrichment shows a clear correlation with increasing projected rotational velocities. Conclusions. The mechanical energy input from the Of stars alone is comparable to the energy stored in the N 206 superbubble as measured from the observed X-ray and Hα emission.
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Schulz, Mandy, Kurt Hoffmann, Cornelia Weikert, Ute Nöthlings, Matthias B. Schulze, and Heiner Boeing. "Identification of a dietary pattern characterized by high-fat food choices associated with increased risk of breast cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study." British Journal of Nutrition 100, no. 5 (November 2008): 942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508966149.
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Epidemiological studies conducted thus far have mainly used a single-nutrient approach which may not be sufficient in detecting diet–cancer relationships. The aim of the study was to examine the association of a food pattern based on explained variations in fatty acid intake by means of reduced rank regression with breast cancer risk. Study participants were female subjects (n 15 351) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study free of cancer at baseline and with complete dietary and outcome information followed for an average of 6·0 years. Among those, 137 incident cases of invasive breast cancer were identified. We identified a food pattern characterized by low consumption of bread, and fruit juices, and high consumption of processed meat, fish, butter and other animal fats, and margarine explaining >42 % of total variation in fatty acid intake (SFA, MUFA, n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA). Intake of all four fatty acid fractions was positively associated with the pattern score. Adherence to this food pattern adjusted for covariates was associated with a two-fold risk (hazard ratio 2·00; 95 % CI 1·30, 3·09) of breast cancer comparing extreme tertiles of the pattern score. There was no evidence of effect modification by menopausal status, overweight status and use of hormone replacement therapy, respectively. In conclusion, a food pattern characterized by high-fat food choices was significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Given that the food pattern was high in all fatty acid fractions, we found evidence for total dietary fat rather than for specific fatty acids to be associated with breast cancer risk.
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Valach, Fridrich, Magdaléna Váczyová, Peter Dolinský, and Melinda Vajkai. "Substitution for lost one-hour means of the geomagnetic elements for the first half of the 20-th century at the Hurbanovo Geomagnetic Observatory by means of neural networks." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 43, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/congeo-2013-0008.
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Abstract The existence of long-acting observatories by itself does not guarantee that their historical magnetograms are available or complete. In the archive of the Hurbanovo Geomagnetic Observatory (acronym HRB; geographical coordinates 47.86 ◦ N, 18.19 ◦ E), records of the geomagnetic field made on photo paper covering the period between the two World Wars were found for which the values of the baselines are unknown. We studied if a feed-forward neural network with one hidden layer can be used to supplement one-hour means of the geomagnetic elements D, H and Z of observatory HRB, using for this purpose the geomagnetic data of observatories Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk (all of them being referenced to Niemegk). We focused our interest on the first half of the 20-th century. The neural-network model for element D proved to be applicable to substitute for the lost data of the magnetic declination at observatory HRB; however, the usability of the model for both elements H and Z turned out to be limited to a few years close to beginning or end of data gaps. Further we supplemented the time series of annual means of geomagnetic elements D, H and Z at observatory HRB with the model data.
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Olin, S., M. Lindeskog, T. A. M. Pugh, G. Schurgers, D. Wårlind, M. Mishurov, S. Zaehle, B. D. Stocker, B. Smith, and A. Arneth. "Soil carbon management in large-scale Earth system modelling: implications for crop yields and nitrogen leaching." Earth System Dynamics 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2015): 745–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-745-2015.
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Abstract. Croplands are vital ecosystems for human well-being and provide important ecosystem services such as crop yields, retention of nitrogen and carbon storage. On large (regional to global)-scale levels, assessment of how these different services will vary in space and time, especially in response to cropland management, are scarce. We explore cropland management alternatives and the effect these can have on future C and N pools and fluxes using the land-use-enabled dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS (Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator). Simulated crop production, cropland carbon storage, carbon sequestration and nitrogen leaching from croplands are evaluated and discussed. Compared to the version of LPJ-GUESS that does not include land-use dynamics, estimates of soil carbon stocks and nitrogen leaching from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems were improved. Our model experiments allow us to investigate trade-offs between these ecosystem services that can be provided from agricultural fields. These trade-offs are evaluated for current land use and climate and further explored for future conditions within the two future climate change scenarios, RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 2.6 and 8.5. Our results show that the potential for carbon sequestration due to typical cropland management practices such as no-till management and cover crops proposed in previous studies is not realised, globally or over larger climatic regions. Our results highlight important considerations to be made when modelling C–N interactions in agricultural ecosystems under future environmental change and the effects these have on terrestrial biogeochemical cycles.
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Polemiti, Elli, Julia Baudry, Olga Kuxhaus, Susanne Jäger, Manuela M. Bergmann, Cornelia Weikert, and Matthias B. Schulze. "BMI and BMI change following incident type 2 diabetes and risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications: the EPIC-Potsdam study." Diabetologia 64, no. 4 (January 15, 2021): 814–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05362-7.
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Abstract Aims/hypothesis Studies suggest decreased mortality risk among people who are overweight or obese compared with individuals with normal weight in type 2 diabetes (obesity paradox). However, the relationship between body weight or weight change and microvascular vs macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes remains unresolved. We investigated the association between BMI and BMI change with long-term risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort study. Methods We studied participants with incident type 2 diabetes from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort, who were free of cancer, cardiovascular disease and microvascular disease at diagnosis (n = 1083). Pre-diagnosis BMI and relative annual change between pre- and post-diagnosis BMI were evaluated in multivariable-adjusted Cox models. Results There were 85 macrovascular (myocardial infarction and stroke) and 347 microvascular events (kidney disease, neuropathy and retinopathy) over a median follow-up of 10.8 years. Median pre-diagnosis BMI was 29.9 kg/m2 (IQR 27.4–33.2), and the median relative annual BMI change was −0.4% (IQR −2.1 to 0.9). Higher pre-diagnosis BMI was positively associated with total microvascular complications (multivariable-adjusted HR per 5 kg/m2 [95% CI]: 1.21 [1.07, 1.36], kidney disease 1.39 [1.21, 1.60] and neuropathy 1.12 [0.96, 1.31]) but not with macrovascular complications (HR 1.05 [95% CI 0.81, 1.36]). Analyses according to BMI categories corroborated these findings. Effect modification was not evident by sex, smoking status or age groups. In analyses according to BMI change categories, BMI loss of more than 1% indicated a decreased risk of total microvascular complications (HR 0.62 [95% CI 0.47, 0.80]), kidney disease (HR 0.57 [95% CI 0.40, 0.81]) and neuropathy (HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.52, 1.03]), compared with participants with a stable BMI; no clear association was observed for macrovascular complications (HR 1.04 [95% CI 0.62, 1.74]). The associations between BMI gain compared with stable BMI and diabetes-related vascular complications were less apparent. Associations were consistent across strata of sex, age, pre-diagnosis BMI or medication but appeared to be stronger among never-smokers compared with current or former smokers. Conclusions/interpretation Among people with incident type 2 diabetes, pre-diagnosis BMI was positively associated with microvascular complications, while a reduced risk was observed with weight loss when compared with stable weight. The relationships with macrovascular disease were less clear. Graphical abstract
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Troup, Alison, and Sally Edwards. "Source rock characterisation of under-explored regions of Queensland." APPEA Journal 56, no. 2 (2016): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj15086.
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Historically, petroleum exploration in Queensland has focused on the Bowen-Surat and Cooper-Eromanga basins, with only cursory examination of other basins across the state. As part of the Queensland Industry Priorities Initiative, two projects (Round 1 and 2) were submitted to the Geological Survey of Queensland (GSQ) to examine the geochemical characteristics of potential petroleum source rocks throughout Queensland. The analysis conducted provides a better understanding of generative potential for petroleum, and predicts the timing, volume, composition, and physical state of hydrocarbons retained in and expelled from source rocks. It is an integral component to petroleum systems analysis used to identify the potential for undiscovered accumulations of petroleum from conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Of particular interest were the Georgina, Drummond, Eromanga, and Maryborough basins. Of these, the Georgina and Maryborough basins have known hydrocarbon shows identified through exploration drilling, though no commercial discoveries have yet been made. The Drummond Basin was targeted to identify a potential source for oil and gas shows encountered in drilling within the Galilee Basin. The Toolebuc Formation in the Eromanga Basin has been noted as having the potential for a shale oil play and this study is supporting further assessment to identify optimal areas for future exploration through predictive modelling. This report details the results from Round 1 of the study for samples taken from the Georgina Limestone and Scartwater, Ducabrook, Mount Hall, Toolebuc, and Maryborough formations, where limited analysis of source rock characteristics has historically been undertaken. Ninety-seven samples were chosen from nine wells and sent to Geos4 in Potsdam, Germany, for source rock analysis. All samples were screened for suitability of further analysis using Rock-Eval and TOC by LECO, with immature and organic-rich samples being preferentially selected for further testing. Screened samples were analysed using pyrolysis gas chromatography (n=27), thermovaporisation (n=23), bulk kinetics (n=5), compositional kinetics (n=4), late gas analysis (n=14), and biomarker and bulk isotope analysis (n=15). These results have been integrated with existing analyses to better understand the prospectivity of the under-explored basins of Queensland.
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Steiner, A. K., D. Hunt, S. P. Ho, G. Kirchengast, A. J. Mannucci, B. Scherllin-Pirscher, H. Gleisner, et al. "Quantification of structural uncertainty in climate data records from GPS radio occultation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 10 (October 12, 2012): 26963–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-26963-2012.
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Abstract. Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) provides continuous observations of the Earth's atmosphere since 2001 with global coverage, all-weather capability, and high accuracy and vertical resolution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Precise time measurements enable long-term stability but careful processing is needed. Here we provide climate-oriented atmospheric scientists with multicenter-based results on the long-term stability of RO climatological fields for trend studies. We quantify the structural uncertainty of atmospheric trends estimated from the RO record, which arises from current processing schemes of six international RO processing centers, DMI Copenhagen, EUM Darmstadt, GFZ Potsdam, JPL Pasadena, UCAR Boulder, and WEGC Graz. Monthly-mean zonal-mean fields of bending angle, refractivity, dry pressure, dry geopotential height, and dry temperature from the CHAMP mission are compared for September 2001 to September 2008. We find that structural uncertainty is lowest in the tropics and mid-latitudes (50° S to 50° N) from 8 km to 25 km for all inspected RO variables. In this region, the structural uncertainty in trends over 7 yr is <0.03% f or bending angle, refractivity, and pressure, <3 m for geopotential height of pressure levels, and <0.06 K for temperature; low enough for detecting a climate change signal within about a decade. Larger structural uncertainty above about 25 km and at high latitudes is attributable to differences in the processing schemes, which undergo continuous improvements. Though current use of RO for reliable climate trend assessment is bound to 50° S to 50° N, our results show that quality, consistency, and reproducibility are favorable in the UTLS for the establishment of a climate benchmark record.
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Steiner, A. K., D. Hunt, S. P. Ho, G. Kirchengast, A. J. Mannucci, B. Scherllin-Pirscher, H. Gleisner, et al. "Quantification of structural uncertainty in climate data records from GPS radio occultation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 3 (February 6, 2013): 1469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1469-2013.
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Abstract. Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) has provided continuous observations of the Earth's atmosphere since 2001 with global coverage, all-weather capability, and high accuracy and vertical resolution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Precise time measurements enable long-term stability but careful processing is needed. Here we provide climate-oriented atmospheric scientists with multicenter-based results on the long-term stability of RO climatological fields for trend studies. We quantify the structural uncertainty of atmospheric trends estimated from the RO record, which arises from current processing schemes of six international RO processing centers, DMI Copenhagen, EUM Darmstadt, GFZ Potsdam, JPL Pasadena, UCAR Boulder, and WEGC Graz. Monthly-mean zonal-mean fields of bending angle, refractivity, dry pressure, dry geopotential height, and dry temperature from the CHAMP mission are compared for September 2001 to September 2008. We find that structural uncertainty is lowest in the tropics and mid-latitudes (50° S to 50° N) from 8 km to 25 km for all inspected RO variables. In this region, the structural uncertainty in trends over 7 yr is <0.03% for bending angle, refractivity, and pressure, <3 m for geopotential height of pressure levels, and <0.06 K for temperature; low enough for detecting a climate change signal within about a decade. Larger structural uncertainty above about 25 km and at high latitudes is attributable to differences in the processing schemes, which undergo continuous improvements. Though current use of RO for reliable climate trend assessment is bound to 50° S to 50° N, our results show that quality, consistency, and reproducibility are favorable in the UTLS for the establishment of a climate benchmark record.
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Lutz, Femke, Stephen Del Grosso, Stephen Ogle, Stephen Williams, Sara Minoli, Susanne Rolinski, Jens Heinke, Jetse J. Stoorvogel, and Christoph Müller. "The importance of management information and soil moisture representation for simulating tillage effects on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in LPJmL5.0-tillage." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 3905–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3905-2020.
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Abstract. No-tillage is often suggested as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Modeling tillage effects on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is challenging and subject to great uncertainties as the processes producing the emissions are complex and strongly nonlinear. Previous findings have shown deviations between the LPJmL5.0-tillage model (LPJmL: Lund–Potsdam–Jena managed Land) and results from meta-analysis on global estimates of tillage effects on N2O emissions. Here we tested LPJmL5.0-tillage at four different experimental sites across Europe and the USA to verify whether deviations in N2O emissions under different tillage regimes result from a lack of detailed information on agricultural management, the representation of soil water dynamics or both. Model results were compared to observational data and outputs from field-scale DayCent model simulations. DayCent has been successfully applied for the simulation of N2O emissions and provides a richer database for comparison than noncontinuous measurements at experimental sites. We found that adding information on agricultural management improved the simulation of tillage effects on N2O emissions in LPJmL. We also found that LPJmL overestimated N2O emissions and the effects of no-tillage on N2O emissions, whereas DayCent tended to underestimate the emissions of no-tillage treatments. LPJmL showed a general bias to overestimate soil moisture content. Modifications of hydraulic properties in LPJmL in order to match properties assumed in DayCent, as well as of the parameters related to residue cover, improved the overall simulation of soil water and N2O emissions simulated under tillage and no-tillage separately. However, the effects of no-tillage (shifting from tillage to no-tillage) did not improve. Advancing the current state of information on agricultural management and improvements in soil moisture highlights the potential to improve LPJmL5.0-tillage and global estimates of tillage effects on N2O emissions.
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Ramachandran, V., W. R. Hamann, R. Hainich, L. M. Oskinova, T. Shenar, A. A. C. Sander, H. Todt, and J. S. Gallagher. "Stellar population of the superbubble N 206 in the LMC." Astronomy & Astrophysics 615 (July 2018): A40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832816.
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Context. Clusters or associations of early-type stars are often associated with a “superbubble” of hot gas. The formation of such superbubbles is caused by the feedback from massive stars. The complex N 206 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) exhibits a superbubble and a rich massive star population. Aims. Our goal is to perform quantitative spectral analyses of all massive stars associated with the N 206 superbubble in order to determine their stellar and wind parameters. We compare the superbubble energy budget to the stellar energy input and discuss the star formation history of the region. Methods. We observed the massive stars in the N 206 complex using the multi-object spectrograph FLAMES at ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT). Available ultra-violet (UV) spectra from archives are also used. The spectral analysis is performed with Potsdam Wolf–Rayet (PoWR) model atmospheres by reproducing the observations with the synthetic spectra. Results. We present the stellar and wind parameters of the OB stars and the two Wolf–Rayet (WR) binaries in the N 206 complex. Twelve percent of the sample show Oe/Be type emission lines, although most of them appear to rotate far below critical. We found eight runaway stars based on their radial velocity. The wind-momentum luminosity relation of our OB sample is consistent with the expectations. The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (HRD) of the OB stars reveals a large age spread (1–30 Myr), suggesting different episodes of star formation in the complex. The youngest stars are concentrated in the inner part of the complex, while the older OB stars are scattered over outer regions. We derived the present day mass function for the entire N 206 complex as well as for the cluster NGC 2018. The total ionizing photon flux produced by all massive stars in the N 206 complex is Q0 ≈ 5 × 1050 s−1, and the mechanical luminosity of their stellar winds amounts to Lmec = 1.7 × 1038 erg s−1. Three very massive Of stars are found to dominate the feedback among 164 OB stars in the sample. The two WR winds alone release about as much mechanical luminosity as the whole OB star sample. The cumulative mechanical feedback from all massive stellar winds is comparable to the combined mechanical energy of the supernova explosions that likely occurred in the complex. Accounting also for the WR wind and supernovae, the mechanical input over the last five Myr is ≈ 2.3 × 1052 erg. Conclusions. The N206 complex in the LMC has undergone star formation episodes since more than 30 Myr ago. From the spectral analyses of its massive star population, we derive a current star formation rate of 2.2 × 10−3 M⊙ yr−1. From the combined input of mechanical energy from all stellar winds, only a minor fraction is emitted in the form of X-rays. The corresponding input accumulated over a long time also exceeds the current energy content of the complex by more than a factor of five. The morphology of the complex suggests a leakage of hot gas from the superbubble.
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O'ishi, R., and A. Abe-Ouchi. "Influence of dynamic vegetation on climate change and terrestrial carbon storage in the Last Glacial Maximum." Climate of the Past 9, no. 4 (July 22, 2013): 1571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1571-2013.
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Abstract. When the climate is reconstructed from paleoevidence, it shows that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 21 000 yr ago) is cold and dry compared to the present-day. Reconstruction also shows that compared to today, the vegetation of the LGM is less active and the distribution of vegetation was drastically different, due to cold temperature, dryness, and a lower level of atmospheric CO2 concentration (185 ppm compared to a preindustrial level of 285 ppm). In the present paper, we investigate the influence of vegetation change on the climate of the LGM by using a coupled atmosphere-ocean-vegetation general circulation model (AOVGCM, the MIROC-LPJ). The MIROC-LPJ is different from earlier studies in the introduction of a bias correction method in individual running GCM experiments. We examined four GCM experiments (LGM and preindustrial, with and without vegetation feedback) and quantified the strength of the vegetation feedback during the LGM. The result shows that global-averaged cooling during the LGM is amplified by +13.5 % due to the introduction of vegetation feedback. This is mainly caused by the increase of land surface albedo due to the expansion of tundra in northern high latitudes and the desertification in northern middle latitudes around 30° N to 60° N. We also investigated how this change in climate affected the total terrestrial carbon storage by using offline Lund-Potsdam-Jena dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ-DGVM). Our result shows that the total terrestrial carbon storage was reduced by 597 PgC during the LGM, which corresponds to the emission of 282 ppm atmospheric CO2. In the LGM experiments, the global carbon distribution is generally the same whether the vegetation feedback to the atmosphere is included or not. However, the inclusion of vegetation feedback causes substantial terrestrial carbon storage change, especially in explaining the lowering of atmospheric CO2 during the LGM.
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O'ishi, R., and A. Abe-Ouchi. "Influence of dynamic vegetation on climate change and terrestrial carbon storage in the Last Glacial Maximum." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 6 (November 27, 2012): 5787–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-5787-2012.
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Abstract. When the climate is reconstructed from paleoevidence, it shows that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 21 000 yr ago) is cold and dry compared to the present day. Reconstruction also shows that compared to today, the vegetation of the LGM is less active and the distribution of vegetation was drastically different, due to cold temperature, dryness, and a lower level of atmospheric CO2 level (185 ppm compared to a preindustrial level of 285 ppm). In the present paper, we investigate the influence of vegetation change on the climate of the LGM by using a coupled atmosphere-ocean-vegetation general circulation model (GCM, the MIROC-LPJ). We examined four GCM experiments (LGM and preindustrial, with and without vegetation feedback) and quantified the strength of the vegetation feedback during the LGM. The result shows global-averaged cooling during the LGM is amplified by +13.5% due to the introduction of vegetation feedback. This is mainly caused by the increase of land surface albedo due to the expansion of tundra in northern high latitudes and the desertification in northern middle latitudes around 30° N to 60° N. We also investigated how this change in climate affected the total terrestrial carbon storage by using a separated Lund-Potsdam-Jena dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ-DGVM). Our result shows that the total terrestrial carbon storage was reduced by 653 PgC during the LGM, which corresponds to the emission of 308 ppm atmospheric CO2. The carbon distribution during the LGM that is predicted from using an atmospheric-ocean-vegetation (AOV) GCM and using the LPJ-DGVM after an atmospheric-ocean (AO) GCM, is generally the same, but the difference is not negligible for explaining the lowering of atmospheric CO2 during the LGM.
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Lilleby, Wolfgang, Ingrid Jenny Guldvik, Knut H. Hole, Richard Olaussen, Ian G. Mills, Andreas Stensvold, Therese Seierstad, Phuoc T. Tran, and Else Marit Inderberg. "Predicting long-term results with circulating tumor cells in patients with de novo androgen sensitive prostate cancer treated with hTERT peptides vaccine." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.98.
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98 Background: Androgen deprivation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy improves survival in advanced prostate cancer (PC), but many patients still progress and experience toxicity from treatment. We investigated the clinical utility of a medical wire, collecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from a peripheral vein, to predict oncologic outcomes prior to treatment with a hTERT peptide vaccine. Methods: Twenty-three patients with advanced PC with non-visceral spread and unselected HLA-type were eligible. One patient progressed before initiation of the vaccination (median FU 60 months). The hTERT peptides vaccine schedule started one week after inclusion with a total of 13 vaccinations (N=22). Patients with no signs of deterioration during the vaccine schedule received image-guided radiation to the prostate (2Gy/37f, n=20). Vaccine response was evaluated by T-cell proliferation assay. CTCs were enriched from the peripheral blood using EpCAM as antibody (CellCollector, Gilupi, Potsdam, Germany). Kaplan-Meier outcome curves were constructed for prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS) and overall survival with stratification by immune response, CTCs (no/yes), PSA and comparison of patient subsets using the log-rank test. Results: Median age of the cohort was 67 years (range 51-78 years).The mean time from CellCollector after ADT to start vaccine was 2,95 months (SD+-1,78 months). The mean yield of CTCs was 3 cells (range 0 - 22). The detection of CTCs showed an inverse trend towards immune response (p=0.07). None of the patients with a positive CellCollector finding and a PSA below ≤0.2 (n=9) had died of prostate cancer during the observation period of 5 years, patients with no CTCS and a PSA >0.2 (n=14) had an estimated median PCSS of 39 months (log-rank test 0=0.007, Fig. 1). The overall survival analysis showed that 6 out of 9 patients with CTCs compared to 5 out of 14 patients in the CTCs negative group were alive at 5 years FU (log-rank-test=0.159). Conclusions: Patients with a de novo diagnozed metastatic prostate cancer and a positive CTC burden do better when subsequently treated with the hTERT vaccine than those with a negative CTC finding. Clinical trial information: NCT01784913.
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Nikulins, Valerijs. "Modern seismological surveys in Latvia from 2008 to 2019 and prospects for their development." Российский сейсмологический журнал [Russian Journal of Seismology] 2, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/2686-7907.2020.1.03.
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In Latvia, seismological monitoring has been carried out at Slitere station since 2006. Slitere station is part of the GEOFON international network, with its center at GFZ Potsdam. The use of other stations of the GEOFON network and some stations of national networks of Finland and Estonia allows monitoring the entire East Baltic Region (VBR), including Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the Kaliningrad Region of Russia, and the adjacent part of the Baltic Sea (Lat=53.9°N - 59.7°N; Lon=19.4°E - 29.6°E). The impetus for the development of seismological monitoring was the Kaliningrad earthquakes of 2004 with Mw 5.0 and 5.2. The main object of research, in addition to tectonic earthquakes, is man-made seismicity, which prevails in Latvia and in EBR. Because of seismic monitoring for the period from 2008 to 2019, 8 tectonic earthquakes were localized, as well as more than 5640 man-made seismic events. The total number of seismic events localized by the BAVSEN network is 13328, including 1096 teleseismic events. The relevance of seismological monitoring is increasing due to unfavorable geodynamic conditions in the area where some large energy, transport facilities, and agglomerations are located, which requires a study of the seismic regime of the territories around these objects. The main problems of EBR seismic monitoring are associated with the identification of relatively weak seismic events, with a rare network of seismic stations, adverse seismic and geological conditions of the sedimentary cover, and low activity of EBR tectonic earthquakes. The lack of promising methods for recognizing the genesis of seismic events puts this problem in the first place. The prospects for seismological research in Latvia are related to the study of the seismic and geological properties of grounds, seismic micro zoning, monitoring of hydraulic structures, as well as the possibility of creating a National Data Center, within which seismological monitoring can become one of the main methods for radiation safety of EBR.
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Lin, Sherry. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2." Higher Education Studies 9, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v9n2p166.
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Higher Education Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.
Higher Education Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to hes@ccsenet.org.
Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 2
Abdelaziz Mohammed, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia
Alina Mag, University Lucian Blaga of Sibiu, Romania
Anna Liduma, University of Latvia, Latvia
Antonina Lukenchuk, National Louis University, USA
Arbabisarjou Azizollah, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Ausra Kazlauskiene, Siauliai University, Lithuania
Aynur Yürekli, İzmir University of Economics, Turkey
Bahar Gün, İzmir University of Economics, Turkey
Bo Chang, Ball State University, USA
Evrim Ustunluoglu, Izmir University of Economics, Turkey
Gamze Kasalak, Akdeniz University, Turkey
Gregory S. Ching, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
Jisun Jung, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Karsten Krauskopf, University of Potsdam, Germany
Lung-Tan Lu, Fo Guang University, Taiwan
Meric Ozgeldi, Mersin University, Turkey
Mirosław Kowalski, University of Zielona Góra, Poland
Oana-Mihaela Rusu, Unviersity of Iasi, Romania
Olusola Ademola Olaniyi, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Saudi Arabia
Prashneel Ravisan Goundar, Fiji National University, Fiji
Rafizah Mohd Rawian, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia
Ranjit Kaur Gurdial Singh, The Kilmore International School, Australia
Sumita Chowhan, Jain University, India
Tuija A. Turunen, University of Lapland, Finland
Uher Ivan, University P.J.Safarika Kosice, Slovakia
Zahra Shahsavar, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Shenar, T., R. Hainich, H. Todt, A. F. J. Moffat, A. Sander, L. M. Oskinova, V. Ramachandran, et al. "The shortest-period Wolf-Rayet binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Part of a high-order multiple system." Astronomy & Astrophysics 616 (August 2018): A103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833006.
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Context. SMC AB 6 is the shortest-period (P = 6.5 d) Wolf-Rayet (WR) binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud. This binary is therefore a key system in the study of binary interaction and formation of WR stars at low metallicity. The WR component in AB 6 was previously found to be very luminous (log L = 6.3 [L⊙]) compared to its reported orbital mass (≈8 M⊙), placing it significantly above the Eddington limit. Aims. Through spectroscopy and orbital analysis of newly acquired optical data taken with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES), we aim to understand the peculiar results reported for this system and explore its evolutionary history. Methods. We measured radial velocities via cross-correlation and performed a spectral analysis using the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet model atmosphere code. The evolution of the system was analyzed using the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis evolution code. Results. AB 6 contains at least four stars. The 6.5 d period WR binary comprises the WR primary (WN3:h, star A) and a rather rapidly rotating (veq = 265 km s−1) early O-type companion (O5.5 V, star B). Static N III and N IV emission lines and absorption signatures in He lines suggest the presence of an early-type emission line star (O5.5 I(f), star C). Finally, narrow absorption lines portraying a long-term radial velocity variation show the existence of a fourth star (O7.5 V, star D). Star D appears to form a second 140 d period binary together with a fifth stellar member, which is a B-type dwarf or a black hole. It is not clear that these additional components are bound to the WR binary. We derive a mass ratio of MO∕MWR = 2.2 ± 0.1. The WR star is found to be less luminous than previously thought (log L = 5.9 [L⊙]) and, adopting MO = 41 M⊙ for star B, more massive (MWR = 18 M⊙). Correspondingly, the WR star does not exceed the Eddington limit. We derive the initial masses of Mi,WR = 60 M⊙ and Mi,O = 40 M⊙ and an age of 3.9 Myr for the system. The WR binary likely experienced nonconservative mass transfer in the past supported by the relatively rapid rotation of star B. Conclusions. Our study shows that AB 6 is a multiple – probably quintuple – system. This finding resolves the previously reported puzzle of the WR primary exceeding the Eddington limit and suggests that the WR star exchanged mass with its companion in the past.
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Jacome, Santiago, and Gina Polit. "Analysis of the Early Entrepreneurship Rate and the generation of jobs." Minerva 2, no. 6 (November 23, 2021): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/minerva.v2i6.44.
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The article analyzes the Early Entrepreneurship Rate (TEA) and the generation of jobs. The results show in the first instance that undertaking in the province of Tungurahua is very complicated. The EAP of the province is 313,018 between men and women; of these, a quarter are employed in more than 42,500 companies, which is why there has been growth in new companies at the provincial level. Finally, the equation is applied where the constant is employment and established companies and these explain the TEA; therefore, the p value of the variables is less than the significance level, that is, the alternative hypothesis is verified, being that the Early Entrepreneurship Rate (TEA) does generate jobs.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, TEA, Employment, Entrepreneurship rate, employment indicators.
References
[1]A. Kritiko, «Emprendedores y su impacto en el empleo y el crecimiento económico,» DIW Berlin, University of Potsdam, and IZA, Germany, 2019.
[2]J. Amorós and N. Bosma, «Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2013 Global Report,» GEM, 2018.
[3]A. Zoltan, «How Is Entrepreneurship Good for Economic Growth?,» 2016.
[4]A. Van Stel, «Análisis empírico del espíritu empresarial y el crecimiento económico,» Libro, 2016.
[5]D. Ricardo, «Emprender en la nueva era,» Emprendedores LATAM, 2017.
[6]J. Ugoani, «Desarrollo Del Emprendimiento Y Generación De Empleo En Nigeria: Un Estudio De La Dirección Nacional De Empleo,» Independent Journal of Management & Production, 2015.
[7]E. Bassey, «Impacto del desarrollo empresarial en la creación de empleo en el estado de Cross River: un caso de la Dirección Nacional de Empleo,» International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences,2018.
[8]A. Waidi, «Evaluación del desarrollo de habilidades empresariales en la estrategia de generación de empleo en instituciones terciarias en el estado de Lagos,» Economic Insights – Trends and Challenges, Febrero 2021.
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[10]M. Hoppe, «The Entrepreneurship Concept: A Short Introduction,» School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University, vol. VI, 2016.
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[14]OIT, «Empleo,» México Cómo Vamos, 2015.
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Strassmeier, K. G., I. Ilyin, and M. Steffen. "PEPSI deep spectra." Astronomy & Astrophysics 612 (April 2018): A44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731631.
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Context. Full-disk solar flux spectra can be directly compared to stellar spectra and thereby serve as our most important reference source for, for example stellar chemical abundances, magnetic activity phenomena, radial-velocity signatures or global pulsations. Aim. As part of the first Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument (PEPSI) key-science project, we aim to provide well-exposed and average-combined (viz. deep) high-resolution spectra of representative stellar targets. Such deep spectra contain an overwhelming amount of information, typically much more than what could be analyzed and discussed within a single publication. Therefore, these spectra will be made available in form of (electronic) atlases. The first star in this series of papers is our Sun. It also acts as a system-performance cornerstone. Methods. The Sun was monitored with PEPSI at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). Instead of the LBT we used a small robotic solar disk integration (SDI) telescope. The deep spectra in this paper are the results of combining up to ≈100 consecutive exposures per wavelength setting and are compared with other solar flux atlases. Results. Our software for the optimal data extraction and reduction of PEPSI spectra is described and verified with the solar data. Three deep solar flux spectra with a spectral resolution of up to 270 000, a continuous wavelength coverage from 383 nm to 914 nm, and a photon signal to noise ratio (S/N) of between 2000–8000:1 depending on wavelength are presented. Additionally, a time-series of 996 high-cadence spectra in one cross disperser is used to search for intrinsic solar modulations. The wavelength calibration based on Th-Ar exposures and simultaneous Fabry–Pérot combs enables an absolute wavelength solution within 10 m s−1 (rms) with respect to the HARPS laser-comb solar atlas and a relative rms of 1.2 m s−1 for one day. For science demonstration, we redetermined the disk-average solar Li abundance to 1.09 ± 0.04 dex on the basis of 3D NLTE model atmospheres. We detected disk-averaged p-mode RV oscillations with a full amplitude of 47 cm s−1 at 5.5 min. Conclusions. Comparisons with two solar FTS atlases, as well as with the HARPS solar atlas, validate the PEPSI data product. Now, PEPSI/SDI solar-flux spectra are being taken with a sampling of one deep spectrum per day, and are supposed to continue a full magnetic cycle of the Sun.
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Calle, Leonardo, and Benjamin Poulter. "Ecosystem age-class dynamics and distribution in the LPJ-wsl v2.0 global ecosystem model." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 2575–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2575-2021.
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Abstract. Forest ecosystem processes follow classic responses with age, peaking production around canopy closure and declining thereafter. Although age dynamics might be more dominant in certain regions over others, demographic effects on net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) are bound to exist. Yet, explicit representation of ecosystem demography is notably absent in many global ecosystem models. This is concerning because the global community relies on these models to regularly update our collective understanding of the global carbon cycle. This paper aims to present the technical developments of a computationally efficient approach for representing age-class dynamics within a global ecosystem model, the Lund–Potsdam–Jena – Wald, Schnee, Landschaft version 2.0 (LPJ-wsl v2.0) dynamic global vegetation model and to determine if explicit representation of demography influenced ecosystem stocks and fluxes at global scales or at the level of a grid cell. The modeled age classes are initially created by simulated fire and prescribed wood harvesting or abandonment of managed land, otherwise aging naturally until an additional disturbance is simulated or prescribed. In this paper, we show that the age module can capture classic demographic patterns in stem density and tree height compared to inventory data, and that simulated patterns of ecosystem function follow classic responses with age. We also present two scientific applications of the model to assess the modeled age-class distribution over time and to determine the demographic effect on ecosystem fluxes relative to climate. Simulations show that, between 1860 and 2016, zonal age distribution on Earth was driven predominately by fire, causing a 45- to 60-year difference in ages between older boreal (50–90∘ N) and younger tropical (23∘ S–23∘ N) ecosystems. Between simulation years 1860 and 2016, land-use change and land management were responsible for a decrease in zonal age by −6 years in boreal and by −21 years in both temperate (23–50∘ N) and tropical latitudes, with the anthropogenic effect on zonal age distribution increasing over time. A statistical model helped to reduce LPJ-wsl v2.0 complexity by predicting per-grid-cell annual NPP and Rh fluxes by three terms: precipitation, temperature, and age class; at global scales, R2 was between 0.95 and 0.98. As determined by the statistical model, the demographic effect on ecosystem function was often less than 0.10 kg C m−2 yr−1 but as high as 0.60 kg C m−2 yr−1 where the effect was greatest. In the eastern forests of North America, the simulated demographic effect was of similar magnitude, or greater than, the effects of climate; simulated demographic effects were similarly important in large regions of every vegetated continent. Simulated spatial datasets are provided for global ecosystem ages and the estimated coefficients for effects of precipitation, temperature and demography on ecosystem function. The discussion focuses on our finding of an increasing role of demography in the global carbon cycle, the effect of demography on relaxation times (resilience) following a disturbance event and its implications at global scales, and a finding of a 40 Pg C increase in biomass turnover when including age dynamics at global scales. Whereas time is the only mechanism that increases ecosystem age, any additional disturbance not explicitly modeled will decrease age. The LPJ-wsl v2.0 age module represents another step forward towards understanding the role of demography in global ecosystems.
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Ast, Teodor. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, no. 10 (January 1, 2005): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20057710iv.
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The 4th International Conference of the Chemical Societies of the South-Eastern European Countries (ICOSECS-4) was held in Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, from 18-21 July 2004, at the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade. These conferences have become a biennial event: the first two were held in Halkidiki, Greece (1998 and 2000), and the third in Bucharest, Romania (2002).ICOSECS-4 was organized by the Serbian Chemical Society on behalf of the Society of Albanian Chemists, Union of Chemists of Bulgaria, Pancyprian Union of Chemists, Association of Greek Chemists, Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia, Chemical Society of Montenegro, and Romanian Chemical Society.The title of the conference was Chemical Sciences in Changing Times: Visions, Challenges and Solutions. Within this broad title, there were contributions from all areas of chemistry. However, the main focus of the conference was reflected in three symposia:- Advanced materials: From fundamentals to application- The greening of chemistry: Pursuit of a healthy environment and safe food- Teaching and understanding chemistry: New concepts and strategies for changing times (dedicated to 150 years of teaching chemistry in Serbia)The meeting was organized under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the Federation of European Chemical Societies (FECS), the Ministry of Science and Environmental Protection of Serbia, and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). The president of IUPAC, Leiv Sydnes, and the president of FECS, Gabor Naray-Szabo, attended the conference and addressed the participants.Some 600 researchers from 26 countries took part in the conference. One of the reasons for this large attendance lies in the fact that the organizers of these conferences (the chemical societies of South-East Europe) have declared a commitment to keep the registration fee as low as possible. In comparison with prevailing fees at similar meetings, the ICOSECS-4 registration fee of 80 euros can be considered really modest; it included the book of abstracts, the welcome reception, a city sightseeing tour, and the conference dinner!The scientific program featured five plenary lectures:- John Fenn, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA, the 2002 Nobel Laureate: "Electrospray wings for molecular elephants"- Peter Atkins, Oxford University, Oxford, UK: "Modern trends in chemical education"- C. N. R. Rao, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India: "New directions in the chemical design of materials"- Egon Matijevic, Clarkson University, Potsdam, USA: "Mechanisms of formation of uniform fine particles and their applications"- Ivano Bertini, University of Florence, Florence, Italy: "From genomes to cellular mechanisms and drug design"In addition to the plenary lectures, the program included 38 invited lectures and 25 oral and 437 poster presentations. Brief summaries of all contributions were published in a two-volume book of abstracts.As already mentioned, the organizers put together a rich social program, which included a welcome reception in the historic City Hall (featuring a recital of the Simonuti Trio), a boat sightseeing tour of Belgrade, and a conference dinner with live music and dancing.The next conference, ICOSECS-5, will be organized by the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia in 2006.Teodor AstConference Editor and Chairman of the International Scientific Committee
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Bill-Mrziglod, Michaela. "Roberto Alciati (Hg.), Norm and Exercise. Christian Asceticism Between Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages. Potsdamer Altertumswissenschaftliche Beiträge, 65. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2018, 202 S., 3 Abb." Mediaevistik 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2019.01.64.
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Die Erforschung christlicher Askese ist zumeist eng an die Epoche der Spätantike geknüpft und historisch oder religionswissenschaftlich ausgerichtet. Daher ist ein Blick über den epochalen Tellerrand hin zum Frühmittelalter begrüßenswert. Die BeiträgerInnen des interdisziplinären Sammelbandes, die sich aus den Reihen der Geschichtswissenschaft, Kulturwissenschaft, Sozialwissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft zusammensetzen, liefern einen guten Einblick in das uneinheitliche Panorama christlicher Askese zwischen 350 und 800 n. Chr. Theologische Wissenschaften kommen leider nicht zu Wort. Im Tagungsband werden insgesamt 11 der Vorträge einer internationalen Konferenz präsentiert, die 2015 in Turin stattfand.
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Willey, Hannah. "MEMORY AND EXPERIENCE IN ANCIENT RELIGION - N. Cusumano, V. Gasparini, A. Mastrocinque, J. Rüpke (edd.) Memory and Religious Experience in the Greco-Roman World. (Potsdamer Altertumswissenschaftliche Beiträge 45.) Pp. 223, ills. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2013. Paper, €53. ISBN: 978-3-515-10425-8." Classical Review 65, no. 2 (August 5, 2015): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x15000669.
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Schiborn, Catarina, Tilman Kühn, Kristin Mühlenbruch, Olga Kuxhaus, Cornelia Weikert, Andreas Fritsche, Rudolf Kaaks, and Matthias B. Schulze. "A newly developed and externally validated non-clinical score accurately predicts 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in the general adult population." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (October 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99103-4.
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AbstractInclusion of clinical parameters limits the application of most cardiovascular disease (CVD) prediction models to clinical settings. We developed and externally validated a non-clinical CVD risk score with a clinical extension and compared the performance to established CVD risk scores. We derived the scores predicting CVD (non-fatal and fatal myocardial infarction and stroke) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort (n = 25,992, cases = 683) using competing risk models and externally validated in EPIC-Heidelberg (n = 23,529, cases = 692). Performance was assessed by C-indices, calibration plots, and expected-to-observed ratios and compared to a non-clinical model, the Pooled Cohort Equation, Framingham CVD Risk Scores (FRS), PROCAM scores, and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE). Our non-clinical score included age, gender, waist circumference, smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, CVD family history, and dietary parameters. C-indices consistently indicated good discrimination (EPIC-Potsdam 0.786, EPIC-Heidelberg 0.762) comparable to established clinical scores (thereof highest, FRS: EPIC-Potsdam 0.781, EPIC-Heidelberg 0.764). Additional clinical parameters slightly improved discrimination (EPIC-Potsdam 0.796, EPIC-Heidelberg 0.769). Calibration plots indicated very good calibration with minor overestimation in the highest decile of predicted risk. The developed non-clinical 10-year CVD risk score shows comparable discrimination to established clinical scores, allowing assessment of individual CVD risk in physician-independent settings.
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"AG Potsdam, Beschluß vom 27.10.1999 - 35 N 778/97, Ergänzende Festsetzung der Sequestervergütung." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Insolvenzrecht 10, no. 4 (January 10, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dwir.2000.084.
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Birukov, Anna, Branimir Plavša, Fabian Eichelmann, Olga Kuxhaus, Rosangela Akemi Hoshi, Najda Rudman, Tamara Štambuk, et al. "Immunoglobulin G N-Glycosylation Signatures in Incident Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease." Diabetes Care, September 29, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc22-0833.
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OBJECTIVE N-glycosylation is a functional posttranslational modification of immunoglobulins (Igs). We hypothesized that specific IgG N-glycans are associated with incident type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed case-cohort studies within the population-based European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)–Potsdam cohort (2,127 in the type 2 diabetes subcohort [741 incident cases]; 2,175 in the CVD subcohort [417 myocardial infarction and stroke cases]). Relative abundances of 24 IgG N-glycan peaks (IgG-GPs) were measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatography, and eight glycosylation traits were derived based on structural similarity. End point–associated IgG-GPs were preselected with fractional polynomials, and prospective associations were estimated in confounder-adjusted Cox models. Diabetes risk associations were validated in three independent studies. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders and multiple testing correction, IgG-GP7, IgG-GP8, IgG-GP9, IgG-GP11, and IgG-GP19 were associated with type 2 diabetes risk. A score based on these IgG-GPs was associated with a higher diabetes risk in EPIC-Potsdam and independent validation studies (843 total cases, 3,149 total non-cases, pooled estimate per SD increase 1.50 [95% CI 1.37–1.64]). Associations of IgG-GPs with CVD risk differed between men and women. In women, IgG-GP9 was inversely associated with CVD risk (hazard ratio [HR] per SD 0.80 [95% CI 0.65–0.98]). In men, a weighted score based on IgG-GP19 and IgG-GP23 was associated with higher CVD risk (HR per SD 1.47 [95% CI 1.20–1.80]). In addition, several derived traits were associated with cardiometabolic disease incidence. CONCLUSIONS Selected IgG N-glycans are associated with cardiometabolic risk beyond classic risk factors, including clinical biomarkers.
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"AG Potsdam, Beschluß vom 24.1.2000 - 35 N 150/99, Keine Verfahrenseröffnung trotz rechnerisch freien GrundvermÖgens." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Insolvenzrecht 10, no. 6 (January 17, 2000): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dwir.2000.111.
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Eichelmann, Fabian, Laury Sellem, Clemens Wittenbecher, Susanne Jäger, Olga Kuxhaus, Marcela Prada, Rafael Cuadrat, Kim G. Jackson, Julie A. Lovegrove, and Matthias B. Schulze. "Deep Lipidomics in Human Plasma - Cardiometabolic Disease Risk and Effect of Dietary Fat Modulation." Circulation, April 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.121.056805.
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Background: In blood and tissues, dietary and endogenously generated fatty acids (FAs) occur in free form or as part of complex lipid molecules that collectively represent the lipidome of the respective tissue. We assessed associations of plasma lipids derived from high-resolution lipidomics with incident cardiometabolic diseases and subsequently tested if the identified risk-associated lipids were sensitive to dietary fat modification. Methods: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Potsdam cohort study comprises 27,548 participants recruited within an age-range of 35-65 years from the general population around Potsdam, Germany. We generated two disease-specific case-cohorts based on a fixed random subsample (n=1,262) and all respective cohort-wide identified incident primary cardiovascular disease (CVD, composite of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke) (n=551) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n=775) cases. We estimated the associations of baseline plasma concentrations of 282 class-specific FA abundances (calculated from 940 distinct molecular species across 15 lipid classes) with the outcomes in multivariable-adjusted Cox models. We tested the effect of an isoenergetic dietary fat modification on risk-associated lipids in The Dietary Intervention and VAScular function randomized controlled trial (DIVAS) (n=113). Participants consumed either a diet rich in saturated FAs (control), monounsaturated FAs, or a mixture of monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs for 16 weeks. Results: 69 lipids associated (false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05) with at least one outcome (both=8, only CVD=49, only T2D=12). In brief, several monoacylglycerols and FA16:0 and FA18:0 in diacylglycerols were associated with both outcomes, cholesteryl esters, free fatty acids, and sphingolipids were largely CVD-specific, and several (glycero)phospholipids T2D-specific. In addition, nineteen risk-associated lipids were affected (FDR<0.05) by the diets rich in unsaturated dietary FAs compared to the saturated fat diet (17 in a direction consistent with a potential beneficial effect on long-term cardiometabolic risk). For example, the monounsaturated FA-rich diet decreased DG(FA16:0) by 0.4 (95%-CI:0.5,0.3) SD-units and increased TG(FA22:1) by 0.5 (95%-CI:0.4,0.7) SD-units. Conclusions: We identified several lipids associated with cardiometabolic disease risk. A subset was beneficially altered by a dietary fat intervention, which supports substitution of dietary saturated FAs with unsaturated FAs as a potential tool for primary disease prevention.
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G. Grunthal and The GSHAP Region Working Group. "Seismic hazard assessment for Central, North and Northwest Europe: GSHAP Region 3." Annals of Geophysics 42, no. 6 (December 18, 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-3783.
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The activities of the Regional Centre 3 of the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) covering Europe north of 46°N and west of 32°E are summarized starting with the establishment of the GSHAP Centre at the GFZ Potsdam in 1993 and leading finally in the calculation and creation of the GSHAP seismic hazard map in terms of horizontal Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). Moreover, the activities of separate working groups which contribute with their results for certain parts of the study area to the final product of the Regional Centre are described. Details are given on the development of the homogeneous seismicity working file, the delineation of seismic source zones, the data preprocessing as well as on the chosen PGA-attenuation relations.
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Wittenbecher, C., R. Cuadrat, L. Johnston, F. Eichelmann, S. Jäger, O. Kuxhaus, M. Prada, et al. "Dihydroceramide- and ceramide-profiling provides insights into human cardiometabolic disease etiology." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (February 17, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28496-1.
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AbstractMetabolic alterations precede cardiometabolic disease onset. Here we present ceramide- and dihydroceramide-profiling data from a nested case-cohort (type 2 diabetes [T2D, n = 775]; cardiovascular disease [CVD, n = 551]; random subcohort [n = 1137]) in the prospective EPIC-Potsdam study. We apply the novel NetCoupler-algorithm to link a data-driven (dihydro)ceramide network to T2D and CVD risk. Controlling for confounding by other (dihydro)ceramides, ceramides C18:0 and C22:0 and dihydroceramides C20:0 and C22:2 are associated with higher and ceramide C20:0 and dihydroceramide C26:1 with lower T2D risk. Ceramide C16:0 and dihydroceramide C22:2 are associated with higher CVD risk. Genome-wide association studies and Mendelian randomization analyses support a role of ceramide C22:0 in T2D etiology. Our results also suggest that (dh)ceramides partly mediate the putative adverse effect of high red meat consumption and benefits of coffee consumption on T2D risk. Thus, (dihydro)ceramides may play a critical role in linking genetic predisposition and dietary habits to cardiometabolic disease risk.
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Mühlenbruch, Kristin, Juliane Menzel, Marcus Dörr, Till Ittermann, Christa Meisinger, Annette Peters, Alexander Kluttig, et al. "Association of familial history of diabetes or myocardial infarction and stroke with risk of cardiovascular diseases in four German cohorts." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (September 21, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72361-4.
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Abstract Since family history of diabetes is a very strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes, which is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), it might be also useful to assess the risk for CVD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between a familial (parents and siblings) history of diabetes and the risk of incident CVD. Data from four prospective German cohort studies were used: EPIC-Potsdam study (n = 26,054), CARLA study (n = 1,079), SHIP study (n = 3,974), and KORA study (n = 15,777). A multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was performed to estimate associations between familial histories of diabetes, myocardial infarction or stroke and the risk of CVD in each cohort; combined hazard ratios (HRMeta) were derived by conducting a meta-analysis. The history of diabetes in first-degree relatives was not related to the development of CVD (HRMeta 0.99; 95% CI 0.88–1.10). Results were similar for the single outcomes myocardial infarction (MI) (HRMeta 1.07; 95% CI 0.92–1.23) and stroke (HRMeta 1.00; 95% CI 0.86–1.16). In contrast, parental history of MI and stroke were associated with an increased CVD risk. Our study indicates that diabetes in the family might not be a relevant risk factor for the incidence of CVD. However, the study confirmed the relationship between a parental history of MI or stroke and the onset of CVD.
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Jainta, Stephanie, and Wolfgang Jaschinski. "“Trait” and “state” aspects of fixation disparity during reading." Journal of Eye Movement Research 3, no. 3 (February 22, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.16910/jemr.3.3.1.
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In our study, 14 subjects read 60 sentences from the Potsdam Sentence Corpus twice (viewing distance: 60 cm), while eye movements were measured with the EyeLink II. We analyzed fixation disparities for complete sentence replications (N=388). After subtracting the average fixation disparity of each sentence from each observation (which gave the “state” fixation disparity), 99% of all remaining fixation disparities were aligned, i.e. smaller than one character width (20 min arc) – depending mostly on incoming saccade amplitude and fixation position. Additionally, we measured the heterophoria for each subject during calibration and found a qualitative relationship between average, individual measures of fixation disparity (“trait” fixation disparity) and heterophoria, after dividing the sample in 3 groups of esophore, exophore and orthophore subjects. We showed that the magnitude of “trait” fixation disparity was biased by the direction of heterophoria: the more eso the heterophoria, the more eso the average sentence fixation disparity. In sum, despite a large “trait” fixation disparity (in the range of -6.6 to +33.6 min arc), “state” fixation disparities within a sentence were on average -0.9 (± 8.7) min arc and, thus, as precise as needed, i.e. within the expected extent of Panum’s area.
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Birukov, Anna, Elli Polemiti, Susanne Jäger, Norbert Stefan, and Matthias B. Schulze. "Fetuin-A and risk of diabetes-related vascular complications: a prospective study." Cardiovascular Diabetology 21, no. 1 (January 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12933-021-01439-8.
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Abstract Background Fetuin-A is a hepatokine which has the capacity to prevent vascular calcification. Moreover, it is linked to the induction of metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and associated with increased risk of diabetes. It has not been clarified whether fetuin-A associates with risk of vascular, specifically microvascular, complications in patients with diabetes. We aimed to investigate whether pre-diagnostic plasma fetuin-A is associated with risk of complications once diabetes develops. Methods Participants with incident type 2 diabetes and free of micro- and macrovascular disease from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort (n = 587) were followed for microvascular and macrovascular complications (n = 203 and n = 60, respectively, median follow-up: 13 years). Plasma fetuin-A was measured approximately 4 years prior to diabetes diagnosis. Prospective associations between baseline fetuin-A and risk of complications were assessed with Cox regression. Results In multivariable models, fetuin-A was linearly inversely associated with incident total and microvascular complications, hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI) per standard deviation (SD) increase: 0.86 (0.74; 0.99) for total, 0.84 (0.71; 0.98) for microvascular and 0.92 (0.68; 1.24) for macrovascular complications. After additional adjustment for cardiometabolic plasma biomarkers, including triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein, the associations were slightly attenuated: 0.88 (0.75; 1.02) for total, 0.85 (0.72; 1.01) for microvascular and 0.95 (0.67; 1.34) for macrovascular complications. No interaction by sex could be observed (p > 0.10 for all endpoints). Conclusions Our data show that lower plasma fetuin-A levels measured prior to the diagnosis of diabetes may be etiologically implicated in the development of diabetes-associated microvascular disease.
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Schiborn, Catarina, Daniela Weber, Tilman Grune, Ronald Biemann, Susanne Jäger, Natascha Neu, Marie Müller von Blumencron, et al. "Retinol and Retinol Binding Protein 4 Levels and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk." Circulation Research, August 26, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.122.321295.
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Background: Despite mechanistic studies linking retinol and RBP4 (retinol binding protein 4) to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), epidemiological evidence is still conflicting. We investigated whether conflicting results of previous studies may be explained by differences in the association of retinol and RBP4 with cardiometabolic risk across subgroups with distinct sex, hypertension state, liver, or kidney function. Methods: We used case-cohorts nested in the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition)-Potsdam cohort (n=27 548) comprising a random sample of participants (n=2500) and all physician-verified cases of incident CVD (n=508, median follow-up time 8.2 years) and T2D (n=820, median follow-up time 6.3 years). We estimated nonlinear and linear multivariable-adjusted associations between the biomarkers and cardiometabolic diseases by restricted cubic splines and Cox regression, respectively, testing potential interactions with hypertension, liver, and kidney function. Additionally, we performed 2-sample Mendelian Randomization analyses in publicly available data. Results: The association of retinol with cardiometabolic risk was modified by hypertension state ( P interaction CVD<0.001; P interaction T2D<0.001). Retinol was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk in participants with treated hypertension (hazard ratio per SD , 95% CI: CVD, 0.71 [0.56–0.90]; T2D, 0.81 [0.70–0.94]) but with higher cardiometabolic risk in normotensive participants (CVD, 1.32 [1.06–1.64]; T2D, 1.15 [0.98–1.36]). Our analyses also indicated a significant interaction between RBP4 and hypertension on CVD risk ( P interaction=0.04). Regarding T2D risk, we observed a u-shaped association with RBP4 in women ( P nonlinearity=0.01, P effect=0.02) and no statistically significant association in men. The biomarkers’ interactions with liver or kidney function were not statistically significant. Hypertension state-specific associations for retinol concentrations with cardiovascular mortality risk were replicated in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a hypertension-dependent relationship between plasma retinol and cardiometabolic risk and complex interactions of RBP4 with sex and hypertension on cardiometabolic risk.
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Birukov, Anna, Rafael Cuadrat, Elli Polemiti, Fabian Eichelmann, and Matthias B. Schulze. "Advanced glycation end-products, measured as skin autofluorescence, associate with vascular stiffness in diabetic, pre-diabetic and normoglycemic individuals: a cross-sectional study." Cardiovascular Diabetology 20, no. 1 (June 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12933-021-01296-5.
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Abstract Background Advanced glycation end-products are proteins that become glycated after contact with sugars and are implicated in endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening. We aimed to investigate the relationships between advanced glycation end-products, measured as skin autofluorescence, and vascular stiffness in various glycemic strata. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort, comprising n = 3535 participants (median age 67 years, 60% women). Advanced glycation end-products were measured as skin autofluorescence with AGE-Reader™, vascular stiffness was measured as pulse wave velocity, augmentation index and ankle-brachial index with Vascular Explorer™. A subset of 1348 participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Participants were sub-phenotyped into normoglycemic, prediabetes and diabetes groups. Associations between skin autofluorescence and various indices of vascular stiffness were assessed by multivariable regression analyses and were adjusted for age, sex, measures of adiposity and lifestyle, blood pressure, prevalent conditions, medication use and blood biomarkers. Results Skin autofluorescence associated with pulse wave velocity, augmentation index and ankle-brachial index, adjusted beta coefficients (95% CI) per unit skin autofluorescence increase: 0.38 (0.21; 0.55) for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, 0.25 (0.14; 0.37) for aortic pulse wave velocity, 1.00 (0.29; 1.70) for aortic augmentation index, 4.12 (2.24; 6.00) for brachial augmentation index and − 0.04 (− 0.05; − 0.02) for ankle-brachial index. The associations were strongest in men, younger individuals and were consistent across all glycemic strata: for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity 0.36 (0.12; 0.60) in normoglycemic, 0.33 (− 0.01; 0.67) in prediabetes and 0.45 (0.09; 0.80) in diabetes groups; with similar estimates for aortic pulse wave velocity. Augmentation index was associated with skin autofluorescence only in normoglycemic and diabetes groups. Ankle-brachial index inversely associated with skin autofluorescence across all sex, age and glycemic strata. Conclusions Our findings indicate that advanced glycation end-products measured as skin autofluorescence might be involved in vascular stiffening independent of age and other cardiometabolic risk factors not only in individuals with diabetes but also in normoglycemic and prediabetic conditions. Skin autofluorescence might prove as a rapid and non-invasive method for assessment of macrovascular disease progression across all glycemic strata.
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Scheuermann, Leif. "Mihály Loránd Dészpa, Peripherie-Denken. Transformation und Adaption des Gottes Silvanus in den Donauprovinzen (1.–4. Jahrhundert n. Chr.). (Potsdamer Altertumswissenschaftliche Beiträge, Bd. 35.) Stuttgart, Steiner 2012." Historische Zeitschrift 299, no. 2 (January 15, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hzhz-2014-0452.
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