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Journal articles on the topic 'Pottery, Ancient – China – Expertising'
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1
Zhang, Kai. "The Spread and Integration of Painted pottery Art along the Silk Road." Region - Educational Research and Reviews 3, no. 1 (2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/rerr.v3i1.242.
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The Silk Road is a product of the mutual exchange of material culture and spiritual culture among ancient China and other countries, regions, and nations. It is the result of the contact and collision between Eastern and Western civilizations. Historically, the Silk Road served as a bridge of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, closely linking ancient Chinese culture with the cultures of Central Asia, West Asia, and even ancient Siberian. In various areas along the Silk Road, all kinds of painted pottery art were integrated and developed.
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Ruan, Xiangdong, Yongjing Guan, Zhaoming Xiong, et al. "AMS Radiocarbon Dating of an Ancient Pottery Workshop in Hepu County, China." Radiocarbon 52, no. 2 (2010): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200045501.
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An ancient pottery workshop belonging to the Han Dynasty was excavated in Caoxie village, Hepu County. Caoxie village is an important archaeological site in Hepu County, Beihai City, in south China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is believed that Hepu County was the oldest departure point on the ancient maritime trading route during the Han Dynasty (206 BC to AD 220) due to the ideal natural geographical conditions and the existence of a large number of Han tombs. Radiocarbon measurements on wood and charcoal samples from the Caoxie village site were performed at the Peking University AMS facility (PKU-AMS), Beijing, and the Centre for Isotopic Research for Cultural and Environmental Heritage (CIRCE) at Naples Second University, Italy. Calibrated ages were obtained with code CALIB 5 (Stuiver and Reimer 1993). The results of these measurements are presented and the related chronology is discussed.
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Punekar, Ravi Mokashi, and Shiva Ji. "Ceramic-ware along the Ancient Silk Trade Route—A Short Study of Cross-Cultural Influences on Product Form." Science & Technology Journal 4, no. 2 (2016): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22232/stj.2016.04.02.02.
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The exchange of goods and materials by way of trading and exchanges were common in ancient times between India and China via silk route and other trading routes. The movement of people from one place to another brought exchange of not only materials but also techniques and processes and helped to establish their own manufacturing facilities and craftsmanship. This has resulted into a cross-cultural influence over the craft forms as reflected in many resemblances of material culture, annotations and apologies seen in various forms and shapes in multiple domains such as ceramic pottery, glazed pottery, metalware, ship buildings, printing, silk and other fabrics, patterns and motifs etc. Observations of ancient remains from Belitung and artifacts from Indian cities along secondary and tertiary Silk routes, show significant influence in the similarities in techniques, materials, surface treatments, kiln processes, colors, motifs , etc. This paper examines a cross-cultural resemblance of product form factor between Changsha pottery and pots to ceramic ware from eastern parts and metalware from western regions of India like Gujarat and Rajasthan. The spread of Buddhism from India to China and other eastern and south eastern countries during this period must also form a strong reason for this cultural exchange.
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Zhushchikhovskaya, Irina S., and Lyudmila N. Mylnikova. "The Oldest Ceramics of East Asia: Current Research Questions (Materials for the Educational Course “Ceramics as an Archaeological Source”)." Archaeology and Ethnography 19, no. 7 (2020): 10–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-7-10-33.
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Purpose. The article presents a historiographical review of the problems of research of ancient ceramics from archaeological sites of East Asia in the chronological interval from 20,000–18,000 to 9,000 years ago. Results. The subject of discussion is the periodization of monuments with early ceramics, the problems of socio-economic conditions of the emergence of pottery technology, its functional role in ancient societies, reconstruction of technological skills and technical levels of pottery, morphology and decor. There are a lot of controversial issues and “blind spots” in this direction. However, the opening of sites with ancient ceramics in East Asia showed that here, on the Pacific (eastern) outskirts of the Eurasian continent, pottery making technology first appeared about 10,000 years earlier than in the Middle East. The invention of ceramics in this region of the world at the turn of the Pleistocene and Holocene should be considered as a result of a combination of natural and social factors. The example of East Asia shows that the relationship between the appearance of ceramic vessels and the development of agriculture, as a technology for food production, is universally, not a mandatory factor. Conclusion. The article discusses certain regional differences in the formation of skills in making the most ancient ceramic vessels of East Asia. It is assumed that the development of ceramic technology in the Japanese archipelago and in the mainland areas of East Asia took place independently. For the Amur region, there are two local cultural traditions – Osipovskaya and Gromatukhinskaya. According to materials from Northern China, there is a version of the existence of a common line in the development of ancient ceramics in the Valley of the Nonny River. There are similarities between the early ceramics of Northeast China, and the Gromatukhinskaya and Osipovskaya cultures of Amur. For the ceramics of South Korea also note similarities with the materials of the Russian Far East, Japanese and Chinese dishes.
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Wang, Jiajing, Leping Jiang, and Hanlong Sun. "Early evidence for beer drinking in a 9000-year-old platform mound in southern China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0255833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255833.
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Alcoholic beverages played an essential role in rituals in ancient societies. Here we report the first evidence for beer drinking in the context of burial ritual in early Holocene southern China. Recent archaeological investigations at Qiaotou (9,000–8,700 cal. BP) have revealed a platform mound containing human burials and high concentrations of painted pottery, encircled by a human-made ditch. By applying microfossil (starch, phytolith, and fungi) residue analysis on the pottery vessels, we found that some of the pots held beer made of rice (Oryza sp.), Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi), and USOs. We also discovered the earliest evidence for using mold saccharification-fermentation starter in beer making, predating written records by 8,000 years. The beer at Qiaotou was likely served in rituals to commemorate the burial of the dead. Ritualized drinking probably played an integrative role in maintaining social relationships, paving the way for the rise of complex farming societies four millennia later.
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Liu, Li, Jiajing Wang, Maureece J. Levin, et al. "The origins of specialized pottery and diverse alcohol fermentation techniques in Early Neolithic China." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (2019): 12767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902668116.
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In China, pottery containers first appeared about 20000 cal. BP, and became diverse in form during the Early Neolithic (9000–7000 cal. BP), signaling the emergence of functionally specialized vessels. China is also well-known for its early development of alcohol production. However, few studies have focused on the connections between the two technologies. Based on the analysis of residues (starch, phytolith, and fungus) adhering to pottery from two Early Neolithic sites in north China, here we demonstrate that three material changes occurring in the Early Neolithic signal innovation of specialized alcoholic making known in north China: (i) the spread of cereal domestication (millet and rice), (ii) the emergence of dedicated pottery types, particularly globular jars as liquid storage vessels, and (iii) the development of cereal-based alcohol production with at least two fermentation methods: the use of cereal malts and the use of moldy grain and herbs (quandcaoqu) as starters. The latter method was arguably a unique invention initiated in China, and our findings account for the earliest known examples of this technique. The major ingredients include broomcorn millet, Triticeae grasses, Job’s tears, rice, beans, snake gourd root, ginger, possible yam and lily, and other plants, some probably with medicinal properties (e.g., ginger). Alcoholic beverages made with these methods were namedli,jiu, andchangin ancient texts, first recorded in the Shang oracle-bone inscriptions (ca. 3200 cal. BP); our findings have revealed a much deeper history of these diverse fermentation technologies in China.
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Torrisi, Lorenzo, Valentina Venuti, Vincenza Crupi, et al. "RBS, PIXE, Ion-Microbeam and SR-FTIR Analyses of Pottery Fragments from Azerbaijan." Heritage 2, no. 3 (2019): 1852–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030113.
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The present work is aimed at the investigation of the ceramic bulk and pigmented glazed surfaces of ancient potteries dating back to XIX century A.D. and coming from the charming archeological site located in the Medieval Agsu town (Azerbaijan), a geographic area of special interest due to the ancient commercial routes between China, Asia Minor, and Europe. For the purpose of the study, complementary investigation tools have been exploited: non-destructive or micro-destructive investigation at elemental level by ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques, by using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), Proton-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) spectroscopy and ion-microbeam analysis, and chemical characterization at microscopic level, by means of synchrotron radiation (SR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. The acquired information reveals useful for the identification of the provenance, the reconstruction of the firing technology, and finally, the identification of the pigment was used as a colorant of the glaze.
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Zhu, J., Y. Zhang, T. Wang, et al. "Determining the Firing Temperature of Low-Fired Ancient Pottery: An Example from the Donghulin Site, Beijing, China." Archaeometry 56, no. 4 (2013): 562–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12033.
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Nakamura, Toshio, Yasuhiro Taniguchi, Sei'ichiro Tsuji, and Hirotaka Oda. "Radiocarbon Dating of Charred Residues on the Earliest Pottery in Japan." Radiocarbon 43, no. 2B (2001): 1129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200041783.
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Recently, primitive-type pottery was discovered in the Russian Far East, China, and Japan. Radiocarbon ages of far earlier than 10,000 BP have been obtained, relating directly or indirectly to the pottery. As an example of these very old 14C ages for incipient pottery, we report here 14C ages of charred adhesions on five potsherds and three charred wood fragments that were collected with the archeological artifacts (stone tools from the Chojakubo Culture) in the loam layers at the Odai Yamamoto I site (41°03′44′′N, 140°33′20′′E) in Aomori prefecture, at the northern end of the Japanese main island. The carbonaceous remains on the surface of the potsherds could be ancient food residues or soot from fuel for cooking. These small carbon samples were dated at the Tandetron accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating facility at Nagoya University, as well as by Beta Analytic Co. Ltd. Except for two charred wood 14C dates, 7070 ± 40 and 7710 ± 40 BP, all five charred-residue samples and one wood charcoal sample gave older 14C ages of 12,680–13,780 BP, corresponding to the period of the Chojakubo Culture in Japan. This culture marks the beginning of the Jomon Culture, which is characterized by pottery usage and bow-and-arrow hunting.
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Seungmi, Lee, and Maksim Stoyakin. "Funerary and Social Aspects of Koguryo Pottery." Archaeology and Ethnography 18, no. 5 (2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-5-87-98.
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Purpose. Previous studies on Koguryo ceramics covered some general information on the archaeological objects found or specific related issues. Our research focuses on the ceramics found only in burials as we aimed at describing typological and technological features of the burial ceramics. The territorial and chronological comparative analysis of the vessels which has been conducted shows the features of each period and region in Koguryo and reveals the development of social background in this state. Results. The burial ceramics analyzed consists of 183 vessels which are divided into 22 types. According to the concentration of burials with ceramics, we identified 4 big areas along major river basins, which are administratively related to modern Liaoning and Jilin provinces of China, North and South Korea. Analysis of the spatial factor of burial ceramics shows that the largest variety of types was found in the Yalu River region, with the next Pyongyang area. This was due to the central location of these territories in Koguryo, which used to be the capital of the state for several centuries. By contrast, there are only few types and samples of funerary ceramics found in the Hun River and Imjin River basin. Most likely, it is due to the fact that they were provinces or suburbs with a political and economic system that was not considered safe yet. Our research shows territorial preferences in using certain types of burial pottery, which was classified according to its characteristics and features. Conclusion. Koguryo’s burial ceramics is divided into storage vessels and cooking vessels, and together they symbolically generalize the concept of “food.” We concluded that the concept of food in the Otherworld was important for the ancient Korean population. We also confirmed that after the 4th AD ceramic replicas of household items and glazed ceramics began to be buried in Koguryo tombs. It was closely related to the introduction of a new burial type in Koguryo.
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IOANA, Adrian, Daniela TUFEANU, Dragos Florin MARCU, et al. "HISTORICAL AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS OF DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS THAT REVOLUTIONIZED MANKIND." European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 6, no. 3 (2021): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36868/ejmse.2021.06.03.131.
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This article presents discoveries and inventions from different periods of mankind, which played an important role in social and technological evolution. Thus, from the period of the Ancient World (prehistory - 400 AD), we present: the appearance of stone tools (which occurred in East Africa and belongs to the first hominids); pottery (appeared in 10500 BC); the development of metallurgy (began in the Middle East, around 6500 BC); the invention of the ox-drawn plow (which occurred around 4000 BC); the construction of the first pyramid in Egypt (2600 BC); the development of iron processing (as part of the development of metallurgy, it occurred around 1400 BC); modernization of papermaking technology (attributed to Tsai Lun, China, around 105 AD); Another historical period that we analyzed in terms of discoveries and innovations that revolutionized humanity was the Middle Ages (400 - 1500). Thus, from this period we presented the following discoveries and inventions: the discovery of the number zero (occurred in 520 and belongs to Indian mathematicians); woodcut printing (appeared in sixth century China); the first printed newspaper (year 700); the development of algebra (it belongs to the Greek mathematician Diophantos, 3rd century AD); gunpowder (it was discovered around 850); the establishment of the University of Bologna (made in 1088); The last period approached was the current one. From this period we presented the following discoveries: magnetism - a new form of electricity; devices controlled only by hand gestures.
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Pashkevych, G. O. "THE CURRENT STATE OF ARCHAEOBOTANICAL STUDY IN UKRAINE." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 37, no. 4 (2020): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.04.24.
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The territory of Ukraine was the first on the path of the Neolithic tribes to the territory of the East European Plain. These tribes brought here cultivated plants with the skills of their cultivation (hulled wheat, barley, legumes) from the center of origin, from Asia Minor through the Balkan Peninsula. N. I. Vavilov considered that the territory of Ukraine together with Moldova was one of the ancient places of farmers culture. He received confirmation of his assumption about the existence of crops of ancient hulled wheat in the closed mountainous regions of the Carpathians. In 1940 he found a hulled wheat Triticum dicoccum in the vicinity of the village of Putila near Chernivtsi.
 Recently thanks to modern research and radiocarbon dates on charred broomcorn millet grains Ukraine has a gateway through which millet from China, the birthplace of its origin, has spread to Europe. The earliest radiocarbon date (1631—1455 cal BC) in Europe is coming from the site Vinogradnyi Sad of Sabatynivka culture, Bronze Age. This date was received thanks to the European program «When and Where broomcorn millet arrived in Europe». Reports of much earlier occurrences of millet in Neolithic — Early Bronze Age (6th — early 3rd millennium BC) were almost entirely based on millet-looking impressions in pottery, daub and figurines. A recent re-examination of these impressions on figurines from the Usatovo culture with using a scanning electron microscope excluded millet grains as a source for some of the imprints. European researchers show great interest in archaeobotanical records of the crop from archaeological excavations of the territory of Ukraine. The use of modern research methods such as a scanning electron microscope, stable isotope evidence, modernized radiocarbon dating, chemical analysis of microparticles using a mass spectrometer, and analysis of DNA will allow a new look at the earliest obtained results.
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Girchenko, Ekaterina A. "Nankuanli and Nankuanli Tung Archaeological Sites in the Context of the Reconstruction of the Economy of the Taiwan Early Neolithic Population." Oriental Studies 18, no. 10 (2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-10-9-15.
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In the 1960s, K.C. Chang proposed that Tapenkeng (Dabenkeng) inhabitants could be migrants from mainland China to the island and the ancestors of modern indigenous peoples. The first settlers could be characterized by corded pottery, a wide range of fishing tools, polished stone axes and adzes, marine economy and shell ornaments. The article presents the results of investigations of archaeological sites in Tainan County – Nankuanli (Nanguangli) and Nankuanli Tung (Nanguangli Dong) which provide essential and detailed information regarding the question of the peopling of Taiwan approximately 6000 years ago. The article focuses on publications that discuss the economy and way of life of the first settlers of the Taiwanese seaside who strongly relied on marine food resources. Faunal data played an important role in the reconstruction of resource use. A big amount of shell remains indicate their significant role in the diet of ancient inhabitants. About 21 families and 49 species of gastropods and bivalves were identified by Taiwanese scientists. Remnants of dogs, deer, wild boar and muntjac were also found. Fish bones was the most abundant food resource in the Nankuanli region – 17 fish families can be identified. Analyses of the excavated materials indicate a gradual shift of these settlements from temporary to places of permanent habitation and intensive exploration of nearby environments. Taiwanese archaeologists also conclude that the inhabitants of this area were not isolated and had strong long-distance connections with Penghu archipelago and the eastern coast of Taiwan (Pinglin in Hualien) from where they sourced raw materials such as jade and olivine basalt. Therefore, they had sailing crafts suitable for open sea voyaging. Also, according to the finds of carbonized rice and millet remains these settlers had learned advanced farming technology.
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Jiazhi, Li, Luo Hongjie, and Gao Liming. "Further Study of the Process of Technological Evolution of Ancient Chinese Pottery and Porcelain." MRS Proceedings 267 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-267-571.
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ABSTRACTThe chemical compositions and firing temperatures of seventy-four stamped pottery and proto-porcelain fragments which were excavated from Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Henan and Fujian were studied. Their chemical compositions, together with a database of more than 600 pottery and porcelain bodies and 100 protoporcelain and porcelain glazes previously investigated, were processed and evaluated by correspondence analysis. Their firing temperatures and those of more than 200 pottery and porcelain samples were compared as well. The results of this investigation yield a more objective and comprehensive view of the process of technological evolution of ancient Chinese pottery and porcelain than heretofore possible. The place of stamped pottery and proto-porcelain in the evolution process is better understood, and the differences between the patterns of continuity and change in the north and the south of China is further discussed in this paper.
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Wiedemann, Hans G., Andreas Boller, and Gerhard Bayer. "Thermoanalytical Investigations on Terracotta Warriors of the Qin Dynasty." MRS Proceedings 123 (1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-123-129.
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Ancient Chinese ceramics is usually related or equated with the terms pottery and porcelain. In fact the manufacture of porcelain in ancient China is one of the most important chapters in the history of ceramics. Porcelain products were developed gradually from stoneware over a time span of nearly a thousand years. The typical white and translucent porcelain that we know as China was probably first made in the ninth century.
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Zhao, Weijie. "New archeological marvels of ancient Shu civilization." National Science Review 8, no. 7 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwab071.
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Abstract China Central Television broadcasted live reports on the latest archaeological excavation at the Sanxingdui site over four consecutive days, from 20–23 March 2021. Exquisite large golden mask fragments, as well as numerous bronze, jade, pottery and ivory artefacts, were unearthed in six newly discovered pits at the site. Following the public presentation of these ancient cultural relics, along with the contemporary archaeological excavation technologies, the mysterious Sanxingdui civilization has become a hot topic within the Chinese media and scientific community.
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"The excavation of the mirror-casting workshop site of the Qin and Han Dynasties at the Linzi City Site of the Qi State in Shandong." Chinese Archaeology 15, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/char-2015-0012.
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AbstractIn 2012 and 2013, the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Bureau of Cultural Relics, Linzi District conducted excavation to the remains of a mirror-casting workshop located to the south of Kanjiazhai Village within the large city of the Linzi City Site of the Qi State in Zibo City, Shandong. The recovered remains included casting pits, house foundations, wells, ash pits, kilns, paths and infant burials, the dates of which were mostly the Warring- States Period through the Qin and Han Dynasties; the ones related to the mirror-casting were casting pits, house foundations, wells and some ash pits. The pottery molds unearthed in the excavation were the face molds and back molds of mirrors. The stratigraphy, spatial structure and accumulation status as well as the large amount of mirror molds unearthed from the site all reflected that this site was a mirror-casting workshop site. The stratigraphic relationships and the unearthed artifacts showed that the date of this workshop was the Western Han Dynasty. The excavation of this mirror-casting workshop site provided valuable materials for the development of the relevant researches and can be seen as a great breakthrough of the researches on the bronze mirror-casting industry and technique of the Qin and Han Dynasties even the entire ancient China.