Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Poules pondeuses'
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Heck, Ariane. "Maturation folliculaire ovarienne chez la poule reproductrice de type chair : effet de la restriction alimentaire et implication du système IGF (Insulin-like Growth Factor)." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4016.
Full textGuesdon, Vanessa. "Etude comparative de poules pondeuses épointées ou non élevées en cages standard ou aménagées : estimation multicritères du bien-être." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10028.
Full textUmar, Faruk Murtala. "L'évaluation de l'alimentation mélangée et séquentielle à base de matières premières localement disponibles sur les performances des poules pondeuses en France et au Nigeria." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4023/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of sequential and loose-mix feeding of whole cereal grain on the production performance in laying hens in France and in Nigeria. Using 50% whole wheat in France, sequential feeding resulted to a significant decrease in feed intake compared to loose-mix and control.Egg number and mass were however, identical between the three systems, thus, leading to a significant improvement in the efficiency of feed utilisation in sequential compared to loose-mix (-10%) and control (-5%). Using 33% millet in Nigeria, sequential feeding also reduced feed intake compared to the two other systems. Egg number and egg weight were higher in sequential feeding system. This largely improved feedefficiency compared to loose-mix (-20%) and control (-10%). Sequential feeding allows the use of whole cereal grains with improved feed efficiency. It is therefore an innovation that can be used to sustain durable egg production in France and in Nigeria. It is also a solution to further food security in Nigeria
Colson, Sandra. "Bien-être de poules pondeuses logées en volière de ponte : comparaison à des poules logées en cage conventionnelle et influence des conditions d'élevage des poulettes sur leur adaptation à la volière de ponte." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140175.
Full textNous avons comparé le bien-être de poules logées en volière de ponte et en cage conventionnelle. Puis nous avons testé l'influence de deux configurations de système d'élevage (sol aménagé vs. volière d'élevage) sur l'adaptation à la volière de ponte. L'évaluation du bien-être et de l'adaptation a été multifactorielle via le comportement (réactivité émotionnelle, occupation de l'espace, motivation pour le bain de poussière), la physiologie du stress, la santé et la productivité.
Le bien-être était globalement meilleur en volière de ponte qu'en cage conventionnelle, et les poules issues de volière d'élevage étaient mieux adaptées à la volière de ponte que celles issues du sol aménagé.
Brillard, Jean-Pierre. "La fertilité de la poule après insémination artificielle : essai d'analyse quantitative du devenir des spermatozoides dans les voies génitales femelles." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR4010.
Full textTraineau, Maxime. "Détermination du champ d'application du système d'alimentation séquentielle chez les poules pondeuses." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4042/document.
Full textSequential feeding (SF) consists in splitting the nutrients into two different diets. The goal of this thesis was to explore the limits of this feeding system. Three experiments were performed. The major questions go on utilization of other feedstuffs, capacity of hens to adapt their feed intake on unbalanced diet and hot temperatures and responses to modulation of energy and protein supplies. A meta-analysis gave responses on the regulation of feed intake and the impact on nutrient intake on laying and growth performances in laying hens. Experiments (Ex.1, 2, 3) shown off the possibility to substitute whole wheat with other cereals or feedstuffs (ground wheat and/or corn, insoluble fiber) in the morning fraction. Lower total feed intake in SF compared to continuous feeding (Ex. 1 et 2) and same laying performances improved the FCR. Laying hens were able to fit their feed intake on energy in the diet but not on protein content (meta-analysis, Ex. 2). Nevertheless, energy supplies had to be given in the morning fraction while protein could be given concentrate in the afternoon or throughout the day (Ex. 3). Knowledge on SF has to be completed in order to use this feeding system in commercial conditions. SF can help sparing resources and improve the on farm economical efficiency
Bécot, Lorry. "Sélectionner des poules pondeuses adaptées à des systèmes d'élevage alternatifs à la cage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NSARC165.
Full textCage rearing systems of laying hens is disappearing in Europe, in favour of cage-free systems that offer living conditions more respectful of the animals’ welfare. Hens live in groups and have access to nests for the egg-laying. Usually, laying hens have been bred in breeding programmes based on a measurement of the egg-laying in cages. The development of electronic nests that continuously record egg-laying in the nests offers the opportunity to change breeding programmes by raising pure lines in groups and on the floor.The first objective of this thesis was to characterize the egg-laying in nests and to study the genetic determinism of potential selection criteria to improve it. The second objective was to estimate the effects of genotype-by-environment interactions between floor and cage systems, for egg quality and body weight.The third and last objective was to explore a reorganisation of breeding programmes assuming the end of the use of cages.The egg-laying in nests was studied through 14 new traits related to egg-laying, laying rhythm, nest preference, time spent in the nest, and social behaviour. Heritability estimates for these traits were moderate-to-high and genetic correlations were low with egg quality and body weight. Genotype-by environment interactions were found to be limited. These results confirm the opportunity of selecting hens on egg-laying without the use of cages
Fotsa, Jean-Claude. "Caractérisation des populations de poules locales (Gallus gallus) au Cameroun." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4904/01/THESE_FOTSA_[18_DEC_2008]_Agro_Paris_Tech.pdf.
Full textAhmed, Ayman Mohamed Hassan. "Qualité sanitaire de l’œuf en cages aménagées et optimisation des défenses naturelles de l’oeuf : rôle de la coquille et des protéines antimicrobiennes du blanc d’oeuf." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NSARB162.
Full textFrom 2012, rearing laying hens in conventional cages must be replaced by rearing in other alternative systems that may increase the eggshell contamination and degraded eggs, and therefore increasing the risk of human toxi-infection due to eggs. We have evaluated two furnished cage models and have studied the variability of the two natural egg defences of the egg, the eggshell the antibacterial activity of the egg white proteins. No effect of cage model was observed on the eggshell mechanical properties. On the other hand, the proportion of broken, cracked and dirty eggs as well as the bacterial contamination of the shell was generally more elevated in the furnished cages compared with conventional cages. It is necessary therefore, to optimise the design of these cages and/or to improve the natural defence systems in eggs. We have induced an artificial moult in aged laying hens to study the role of the eggshell organic matrix proteins in the control of its crystallographic properties and mechanical properties. The increase in the eggshell solidity after moulting was associated with a reduction in the size of the eggshell calcite crystals. The comparison of the constituent of eggshell organic matrix by SD-PAGE showed a reduction of the content in egg white proyeins including ovotransferrin for which it was confirmed by ELISA. Eggshell mechanical properties seem to be negatively correlated with these proteins and positively with some specific proteins of the shell (OC-116 and -17)
Picard-Druet, David. "Précision de l'évaluation génomique chez la poule pondeuse." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NSARB337.
Full textSelection is very important for the egg production domain, which is a growing market worldwide. This market has a very segmented nature, with every country having special specifications, depending on consumers expectations. This means that breeding companies have to produce birds which are adapted, or adaptable, to various breeding conditions, while still being able to produce eggs suitable for consumers expectations. Egg production market is also a very competitive, detained worldwide by only 3 enterprise groups. This means that the selection of the different lines, which are dedicated to fulfill differents production criteria, is a critical step. The genetic progress of selected populations is distributed worldwide, and optimize it is a way to stand out from the competitors.For the last few years, genomic selection is put in place in different sectors. Among other things, this methodology allowed to improve genetic progress in cattle industry, which was a precursor in the utilisation of it. This evaluation methode seems highly promising for the avian sector. To precisely estimate the effect of using it, it is necessary to know the accuracy of genomic evaluation. The main objective of this work is to estimate the precision of genomic evaluation on layers egg quality traits under different scenarios, in comparison with what is observed when using genetic evaluation
Mahmoudi, Yousra. "Impacts du type de logement en élevage de poules pondeuses sur les performances zootechniques et le bien-être animal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26829.
Full textPicault, Jean-Paul. "Contribution à l'étude des coronaviroses dans l'espèce Gallus gallus en France." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO11731.
Full textRoudaut, Brigitte. "Antibiothérapie chez la poule pondeuse : étude des résidus d'antibiotiques dans les oeufs." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT013A.
Full textRomé, Hélène. "Cartographie de QTL et évaluation génomique chez la poule pondeuse dans un contexte alimentaire changeant." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSARB271/document.
Full textThe laying hens farming represents a growing market. The improvement of traits is needed to satisfy the willing of customers and industrials. This improvement is done with selection. Actually, (candidates for selection are evaluated according to their Estimated Breeding Value (EBV), which is estimated, using a statistic model which considers all the available phenotypes of their relative BLUP). The development of new technologies which allow the genotyping at a lower cost of numerous individuals, could allow the development of genomic selection in this farming. The Genomic Estimated Breeding Value (GEBV) could be potentially more accurate than the EBV, available at the birth of the individual and for probably a larger number of candidates, increasing the rates of genetic progress.Besides, a same genetic type of laying hens is widely distributed around the world, so animals produce in various environments ((alimentation, temperature, hygiene standards…). So, genotype – environment interactions could affect the estimation of breeding values of the candidates for selection. The first objective of this work is to determine of the impact of these interactions on a large panel of egg production and egg quality traits, as well at the genetic architecture level than at the evaluations level. Moreover, the consequences of genetic architecture of these traits on breeding value estimation have been studied
Guillot, Jean-François. "Eco-épidémiologie des Escherichia coli résistant aux antibiotiques chez les volailles." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10015.
Full textChen, Chih-Feng. "Réponse à la sélection sur la longueur des séries de ponte et adaptation à la chaleur des lignées de poules pondeuses naines avec ou sans le gène cou nu." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0053.
Full textBedrani, Larbi. "Modulation de l'immunité innée moléculaire de l'oeuf." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4008/document.
Full textThe egg is a balanced source of different nutrients and contains a myriad of antibacterial peptides/proteins that ensure its chemical protection. These molecules are a part of its innate molecular defense and, in addition to the maternal immunoglobulins IgY, contribute to the protection of the forming embryo whose development occurs ex utero. It is well documented that yolk immunoglobulin deposition is induced by the environmental microbiome of the hen but no such evidence is available for antimicrobial peptides/proteins. Therefore the aim of this thesis was to assess whether the hen has the ability to stimulate the innate molecular immunity of the egg white when facing a higher environmental microbial load (commensal or pathogenic). To address these questions, we developed two main experimental approaches; the first assessed the impact of the hen environmental microbial load through the comparison of three groups of hens with different immune status:-Germ free, -Specific pathogen free (SPF), and -conventional. The second approach explored the effect of different types of immune stimulation in hens: non-infectious stimulation (systemic injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)); immune stimulation using attenuated live vaccines (Infectious bronchitis virus vaccine, Salmonella enterica Enteritidis vaccine and a complex of Eimeria vaccine). Our results show that the activity of egg white is increased in response to higher microbial environmental charge, after LPS systemic stimulation or after vaccinating hens with live attenuated viral and bacterial strains. However this response is moderate both in its amplitude and microbial spectrum. Altogether, it appears that hens when subjected to immune stimuli, have the ability to reinforce moderately the antibacterial activity of the egg white as an attempt to anticipate the need of protection of their embryos
Cabrera, Bascardal María Cristina. "Modifications du métabolisme phosphocalcique provoquées par l'histamine chez la poule pondeuse (Gallus domesticus)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066375.
Full textFournier, Agnès. "Transfert de Polluants Organiques Persistants (POP) vers l’œuf de poule : influence des caracteristiques des polluants et du statut physiologique de l’animal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL031N.
Full textLaying hens are likely to be exposed to a wide range of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) potentially present in their environment. In the context of securing poultry farming systems regarding POPs, our research has focused on identifying and grading factors likely to influence the transfer of ingested POPs to eggs. These factors are related to the nature of the ingested matrix (soil or feed), to the characteristics of the animal (laying rate, fatness) and to the properties of the molecule (lipophilicity, sensitivity to metabolism). Different scientific approaches have been implemented: in vivo experimentation and mathematical modeling. In the frame of in vivo experiments we have assessed the relative bioavailability of PCBs from one naturally contaminated soil. In addition, we have calculated parameters of the kinetics of transfer to eggs of molecules that had never been studied in laying hens, such as emerging molecules (for example a brominated flame retardant, HBCD), or PAHs. Our results point out the dominant impact of the molecule metabolism on the shape of its kinetics and on its rate of transfer to eggs.The developed dynamic mathematical model makes it possible to pilot variations with time of the size of the lipid compartments in the animal and of the frequency of laying. It was used to assess the influence of these animal characteristics on the transfer of POPs to eggs. Laying rate proportionally influences the contamination level of eggs and of animal tissues at steady state. Body fat dilutes absorbed POPs in absence of laying and significantly influences the rate of decontamination of tissues during depuration subsequent to an exposure period
Fournier, Agnès. "Transfert de Polluants Organiques Persistants (POP) vers l’œuf de poule : influence des caracteristiques des polluants et du statut physiologique de l’animal." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL031N/document.
Full textLaying hens are likely to be exposed to a wide range of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) potentially present in their environment. In the context of securing poultry farming systems regarding POPs, our research has focused on identifying and grading factors likely to influence the transfer of ingested POPs to eggs. These factors are related to the nature of the ingested matrix (soil or feed), to the characteristics of the animal (laying rate, fatness) and to the properties of the molecule (lipophilicity, sensitivity to metabolism). Different scientific approaches have been implemented: in vivo experimentation and mathematical modeling. In the frame of in vivo experiments we have assessed the relative bioavailability of PCBs from one naturally contaminated soil. In addition, we have calculated parameters of the kinetics of transfer to eggs of molecules that had never been studied in laying hens, such as emerging molecules (for example a brominated flame retardant, HBCD), or PAHs. Our results point out the dominant impact of the molecule metabolism on the shape of its kinetics and on its rate of transfer to eggs.The developed dynamic mathematical model makes it possible to pilot variations with time of the size of the lipid compartments in the animal and of the frequency of laying. It was used to assess the influence of these animal characteristics on the transfer of POPs to eggs. Laying rate proportionally influences the contamination level of eggs and of animal tissues at steady state. Body fat dilutes absorbed POPs in absence of laying and significantly influences the rate of decontamination of tissues during depuration subsequent to an exposure period
Domínguez-Romero, Elena. "Modélisation du devenir de l’hexabromocyclododécane (HBCD) chez la poule pondeuse : influence des caractéristiques physiologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0167/document.
Full textHexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) has been used as an additive in polystyrene (PS). In 2013, HBCD was included in the Stockholm Convention as a Persistent Organic Pollutant. The foodstuffs of animal origin are the main source of exposure of the general population to this pollutant. The mean exposure level of the consumers to HBCD doesn’t represent a major risk to the food safety (EFSA, 2011). In spite of mean concentrations generally close to 1 ng g-1 lipids in the foodstuffs of animal origin, maximal concentrations higher than 2000 ng g-1 lipids have been reported in some egg samples. There are several potential sources of oral exposure of the hens to this pollutant. The hens could be exposed mainly to the α-HBCD isomer. Since the bibliographic synthesis highlights the absence of information about the α-HBCD kinetics in the laying hen, an in vivo experience has been realized and has allowed the estimation of the majority of the α-HBCD kinetic parameters in the laying hen. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has been developed, calibrated by literature data, submit to a sensitivity analysis and some parameters have been adjusted on the basis of experimental data. A validation of the model has been attempted. This model has allowed to determine the influence of the main physiological characteristics of the laying hen exposed to the molecule on the α-HBCD accumulation in tissues and transfer to eggs. Among the physiological characteristics of concern, the body weight (BW) is the main feature influencing the α-HBCD kinetics. If the hen is exposed to the α-HBCD, a low BW and low laying performances predispose the hen to have higher concentrations of the molecule in all the matrices. The molting stage raises the body charge of the molecule. This model can be extrapolated to other animals and lipophilic molecules after modification of some parameters
Guinebretière, Maryse. "Comment aménager les cages de poules pondeuses afin d'enrichir leur comportement, tout en préservant les performances zootechniques et l'hygiène de la cage : étude focalisée sur la taille de groupe et les solutions pour aménager l'aire de grattage et le nid." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4002/document.
Full textHow to set up laying hen cages to enrich hen behavior whilst ensuring zootechnical performance and cage hygiene. A study focusing on group size and solutions to provide pecking and scratching area and nest. As of 2012, cages must enable hens to express their full behavioral repertoire (directive 1999/74/CE). Difficulties in setting up cages tend to hinder adoption of the directive by farmers. The aim of this work was: first, to study the effect of increasing the number of hens per cage ; and second, to find out which cage set-ups were the most efficient for enriching the laying hens’ behavioral repertoire whilst also ensuring zootechnical performance, animal health and egg and cage hygiene. In the cage models we tested, 60-hen cages were found to be preferable to 20- or 40-hen cages. Although not ideal, artificial turf mat was preferable to the other mats tested. The provision of friable substrate in cages improved pecking and scratching behaviors, as well as dustbathing behaviors, but to a lesser extent. Wheat bran can be spread over the cage floors as a friable substrate instead of feed. However, certain issues have not yet been resolved. The installation of hard panels on the floors of the cages to promote scratching and pecking behaviors should ensure an optimal balance between the hens’ needs and farming constraints
Da, Silva Mylène. "Les liquides amniotique et allantoïque de l'oeuf de poule : caractérisation et rôles dans la protection de l'embryon au cours du développement." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4048.
Full textConcomitantly with the development of the embryo and extra-embryonic structures, initial chicken egg defenses are progressively altered, which suggests that alternative mechanisms appear to protect the embryo until hatching. To better understand the role of extra-embryonic fluids in the chicken egg defense during incubation, we analyzed the biochemical composition and antibacterial properties of the chicken amniotic and allantoic fluids. As for humans, the chicken amniotic fluid protects the embryo against mechanical shocks and microbial infections. Moreover, at the 12th day of incubation, the transfer of antibacterial molecules from the egg white increases the antibacterial potential of the chicken amniotic fluid, thus protecting the embryo until hatching, and probably after, all along its digestive tract, after oral absorption of the amniotic fluid. Some of these antibacterial proteins are specific to oviparous species and/or birds, which highlights the processes of evolution and adaptation of birds to their terrestrial environment. On the other hand, the antibacterial potential of the allantoic fluid still needs to be explored, but our study demonstrated the presence of active proteases, which could contribute to the digestion and recycling of embryonic metabolic wastes
N'dri, Aya Lydie. "Etude des interactions entre génotype et environnement chez le poulet de chair et la poule pondeuse." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002277.
Full textEl, Adouzi Marine. "Déterminants biotiques d'une interaction durable lâche : interactions entre un microprédateur hématophage, son hôte oiseau et les communautés d'acariens du fumier." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30016.
Full textThe Poultry Red Mite (PRM) Dermanyssus gallinae is a mite of major sanitary andeconomic importance for the egg production industry worldwide but paradoxicallythe functioning of its ecosystem has been little studied. The objective of this work was to provide relevant elements for the characterization of this singular ecosystem that is poorly known, in order to, beyond the production of knowledge, contribute to the development of innovative strategies of integrated management. This is expected to allow going further than the strict chemical control which is still to date the most widely used means of control. The study of the chemical interactions between the PRM and its host allowed to better identify sources of stimulus and to better understand D. gallinae’s responses to chicken odors as well as to determine to what extent it was possible to interfere between the host and its micropredator during the first phase of the host location. The characterization of the structure of arthropod communities sharing the same microhabitats as does PRM showed that D. gallinae was associated with several species of mites and predatory insects of arthropods which could potentially be its natural enemies. It was also demonstrated that the livestock building was a specific unit in terms of the composition and structure ofthe arthropod communities. Significant differences in the frequency and occurrence of predatory species between buildings and their propagation capacity from the external environment are promising indicators for the development of conservation biological control (CBC) against PRM. A reflection on the possible synergistic and antagonistic cross-effects between the manipulation of host odors and the stimulation of ecological processes involving non-haematophagous arthropods is carried out. This is expected to participate in the development of an approach integrating these tools as well as other available means of control in a context of integrated biological protection of PRM
LAGADIC, HUBERT. "Etude du besoin en espace chez la poule pondeuse." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10042.
Full textHerry, Florian. "Stratégies de génotypage pour la sélection génomique chez la poule pondeuse." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSARB330.
Full textThe development of a commercial high density (HD) SNP chip of 600,000 SNPs enabled the implementation of genomic selection in layer and broiler. However, genotyping costs with this tool still remain high for a routine use on the selection candidates. Concurrently, new sequencing technologies (NGS) allow to consider other solutions than SNP chip for genomic selection. One of the main goal of genomic selection is to develop less expensive tools for genotyping or sequencing the selection candidates. Then, from the HD genotypes of a reference population, it is possible with different imputation methods to deduce the HD genotypes of the candidates. Firstly, the aim was to investigate the impact of different factors concerning the development of low density SNPchips or the constitution of the reference population on imputation accuracy. The impact of the use or not of imputation on genomic evaluation was also studied. The results showed that an equidistant methodology, for a SNP density higher than 5K, is suitable to get good imputation accuracy and good genomic evaluation accuracy. For an SNP density higher than 5K, it is also possible to use low density SNP chips without imputation.Low density genotypes were then replaced by genotypes from simulated RAD-Seq methods. Depending on the restriction enzyme used, studies have shown that RAD-Seq methods could be an interesting alternative to low density SNP chips
Cabrera, Bascardal Maria-Cristina. "Modifications du métabolisme phosphocalcique provoquées par l'histamine chez la poule pondeuse (Gallus domesticus)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600920g.
Full textBURGNELLE-MAYEUR, CAMILLE. "Influence du gene de nanimse (dw) sur le metabolisme lipidique de la poule pondeuse." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077024.
Full textMoinard, Christine. "Incidence de différents types de cages sur le bien-être de la poule pondeuse." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN10026.
Full textBurghelle-Mayeur, Camille. "Influence du gène de nanisme (dw) sur le métabolisme lipidique de la poule pondeuse." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376123079.
Full textEngler, Paul. "Utilisation d’extraits de raisin à faible dose en alimentation animale : quantification et identification des métabolites d’intérêts, évaluation des bénéfices nutritionnels sur modèles in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0095.
Full textOxidative stress in intensive livestock farming can induce severe deleterious effects on animal health and performances, as well as their derived products. Among the antioxidant solutions developed to fight against this phenomenon, are feed additives, rich in plant secondary metabolites.The aim of this work was to elucidate the impact of a dietary supplementation consisting in a small dose of grape extract on the performances and metabolome of animals, raised in intensive conditions.The creation of a method of analysis of very small doses of the additive (5μg/g) in the complete feed constituted a first axis, in order to insure traceability of the product and resulted in a patent.Moreover, a trial consisting in the supplementation of rainbow trout with a small dose of the grape extract (60ppm) evidenced a modulation of the eggs’ metabolome and a significant improvement of the offspring’s growth (+5.2% weight at 8 weeks).Finally, the impact of the modulation of the phenolic profile of the additive, used in small dose in the complete feed (30ppm) of laying hens exposed to a dietary stress was studied. Results evidenced variations of the impact of the 3 grape extracts tested on zootechnical, biological and metabolomic parameters.This research allowed to collect necessary data for the registration of the studied grape extract as a zootechnical feed additive, within the European Union, to fight against oxidative stress
Berthault, Camille. "Etude des mécanismes menant à l'atrophie des organes lymphoïdes primaires dans le cadre de l'infection précoce par le virus de la maladie de Marek chez la poule." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4023.
Full textMarek's disease virus (MDV) infection induces early and transient immunosuppression associated with atrophy of the thymus (TA) and the bursa of Fabricius (BA) in chicks. The aim of this work was to better understand the cellular mechanisms responsible for this atrophy. The first step in my work was to establish an in vivo infection model leading to a sufficient and reproducible BA and TA. Once established, this model allowed us to study the effect of MDV in these organs at 6, 10 and 14 days post-infection. The results indicate that apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation can contribute to BA, whereas only the increase in apoptosis leads to TA. The lymphocyte blood count showed a decrease in B-lymphocytes during the first 2 weeks of infection that seems related to BA. This technique therefore seems a promising non-invasive tool to diagnose BA at early times of MDV infection. A difference in sensitivity to MDV-induced TA and BA was found in two lines White Leghorn of different B haplotype, both of which very sensitive to tumor development
GUINOTTE, FRANCOIS. "Efficacite biologique de diverses sources de carbonate de calcium chez la poule pondeuse et le poulet en croissance (gallus domesticus). Role de la secretion gastrique acide du proventricule dans la solubilisation et l'utilisation digestive de ces sources." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077079.
Full textAndrianaivo-Rafehivola, Albane Adorée. "Effets biologiques des acides gras cyclopropéniques de l'huile et du tourteau de baobab sur la poule pondeuse, la souris et le rat." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30088.
Full textBouveret, Cécile. "Biodisponibilité relative du chlordécone de l'andosol et du nitisol chez les animaux d'élevage monogastriques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0253/document.
Full textChlordecone (CLD) is an organochlorine pesticide used in the French West Indies against black weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. This pesticide was banned in 1993, because of the toxicity and persistence of this compound in the environment. However, several studies indicated that the population is already exposed to chlordecone (contaminated blood and maternal milk, chlordecone transfer to the mother from the child, memory delay in child and risk to the prostate cancer) particularly by food ingestion. Since 2008, European Regulation °396/2005 is applied in French West Indies (maximal limit fixed at 10 and 20 µg chlordecone/kg of fresh weight in liver and egg and at 100 µg chlordecone /kg of fat in fat). Soils of banana crops previously treated by chlordecone (mainly andosols, nitisols, ferrisols) are still contaminated and are the major source of contamination of food products. Andosol contains allophane clay structure which allows a high microporosity with the formation of particle aggregates in a pattern repeated at different scales. chlordecone would be strongly trapped by this micropores structure and supposed to be strongly retained. Nitisol contains halloysite clayed structure composed to the clay layers superposition with a low porosity. Our hypothesis is that chlordécone is less retained by nitisol than by andosol. Monogastric animals reared outside (pig, poultry) may involuntary ingest soil. It has been shown that hen can ingest soil amounts corresponding to 25 % of the daily ration in the case of vegetation reduction and of nutritional imbalance. Soil ingestion by pig was less studied. In the frame of this research work, we determined andosol and nitisol capacities to retain chlordecone during the digestive process. The relative bioavailability of soil-bound chlordecone in monogastric farm animals (laying hen and juvenile swine) was established. The relative bioavailability determination consists to the slope comparison between the response (concentrations of chlordecone in animal matrices) obtained with increasing chlordecone doses via andosol or nitisol and the response obtained with the same chlordecone ingestion doses via a reference matrix (oil). Results showed that andosol and nitisol did not reduce the chlordecone bioavailability. Thus, relative bioavailability of soil-bound chlordecone was considered to be equal to 100% in laying hen and in juvenile swine. chlordecone was extracted during the digestive process and was absorbed by the monogastric animals. Thus, soil-bound chlordecone is directly assimilated by monogastric farm animals. Concentrations of chlordecone in animal products (liver, fat, egg) exceeded maximal limits for a chlordecone ingestion at least equal to 6.8 µg chlordecone/day/kg of body weight. Since 10% of agricultural soils are contaminated with at least 1 mg/kg, the ingestion of 17% of soil in the daily food ration will result in animal products not acceptable for human consumption. Therefore, it is important to characterize the risk livestock farming practices in order to limit the contamination of food products
Denis, Éloïse. "L’impact des systèmes de logement alternatifs sur la santé et les performances des poules pondeuses." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23148.
Full textAs Canadian egg farmers transition their flocks from conventional cages to alternative housing systems, it is important to evaluate the impact of the latter on the performance and welfare of laying hens. To this end, the present study investigates the prevalence of keel bone deviation, keel bone fracture, footpad dermatitis and feather coverage in commercial flocks in Quebec, Canada, housed in enriched cages and aviaries. Mean egg production, cumulative mortality, feed intake, shell thickness, egg weight, shell strength, Haugh unit, and the prevalence of cracked or dirty eggs were used as measures of flock performance. The present study also investigates the use of infrared thermography as a diagnostic tool for keel bone fractures and footpad dermatitis in hens. Our data show that hens housed in aviaries have a significantly higher prevalence of keel bone fracture (P=0.011) and cumulative mortality (P=0.0049) but that the egg shells of aviary hens are significantly thicker than their counterparts in enriched cages (P=0.0049). While thermal imaging could not distinguish between hens with and those without fractures, footpad temperatures were significantly higher in hens with severe dermatitis (P<0.01). Furthermore, a low feed intake positively correlated with damaged feather coverage (P<0.05), while high feed intake correlated with high egg weight (P<0.05). The other parameters studied were not influenced by the type of housing. Overall, aviary housing negatively impacted keel bone fractures, footpad dermatitis and mortality and infrared thermography is not a valid diagnostic tool for keel fracture and footpad dermatitis in hens.
Tran, Thi Quynh Lan. "Étude de l’efficacité de la vaccination à Salmonella Enteritidis chez la poule pondeuse et de la protection contre l’infection." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3931.
Full textContaminated eggs and egg products have been associated with outbreaks of human Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections. Killed bacteria (bacterins) have been used to control Salmonella infections in poultry but variation in the conferred protection has been observed. In Canada the bacterins MBL SE4C and Layermune are currently used to control SE. However, their efficacy in protecting older layers has not been fully determined. Furthermore, the capacity of these bacterins to prevent vertical and horizontal transmissions has not yet been investigated. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of two available commercial bacterins on the immune response of laying hens, to verify the protection conferred by these vaccines against SE challenge and to identify immunogenic proteins to develop an oral subunit vaccine. Laying hens were vaccinated with two immunization schedules prior to the lay cycle (either at 12 and 18, or 16 weeks of age). The control group was injected with a saline solution. Laying hens were later inoculated per os with 2 x 109 CFU of SE PT4 strain either at 55 or 65 weeks of age. Serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies were measured with an in-house SE whole cell antigen ELISA. The phagocytosis, oxidative burst, splenic T and B cells populations were analyzed using flow cytometry. Clinical signs, fecal shedding, egg yolks contamination and organ invasion by SE were assessed to evaluate vaccine protection. Potential horizontal transmission from inoculated laying hens to non-inoculated laying hens, housed in the same isolator unit, was also evaluated. Immunogenic proteins were identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot with sampled antisera during vaccination and/or infection of poultry with SE and then subjected to mass spectrometry. The vaccination protocol with two immunizations showed a higher seroconversion level than the single vaccination at 3 until 32-34 weeks post vaccination (p < 0.02) but no difference before challenge (54 and 64 old weeks). There was no relationship between high IgG level and SE isolation rates in organs and egg yolks. Only the MBL SE4C vaccine elicited IgA antibody production at 3 weeks post vaccination in both immunization protocols (p ≤ 0.04). Significant higher mucosal IgA levels were observed at day 1 and 7 post challenge in oviduct of vaccinated birds (except for the twice vaccinated Layermune group) compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.03). Humoral efficacy to protect from SE contamination of egg yolk was only observed in MBL SE4C vaccinated group and only this bacterin administered twice reduced SE shedding rate in inoculated birds and their exposed cagemates (p ≤ 0.02). A set of 5 proteins were considered as putative protein candidates to further detailed study on their immunogenicity: Lipoamide dehydrogenase; Enolase (2-phosphoglycerate dehydratase) (2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase); Elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu); Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and DNA protection during starvation protein. Overall, the commercial bacterins induced humoral immunity (IgG and IgA antibodies) in laying hens. This immune response partially protected for SE clearance, egg yolks contamination as well as horizontal transmission. In this study, MBL SE4C bacterin appeared to be more efficient in comparison to Layermune for protection of hens with a vaccination protocol comprising two immunizations. Our results provide additional and objective information on the potential of these vaccines for the control of SE in laying hens. Considering the partial protection achieved with the use of these bacterins, the identification of immunogenic antigens could help in the selection of specific proteins to elaborate a more efficient vaccine against SE in poultry.