Academic literature on the topic 'Poultries'

Poultries including chickens, ducks, geese, and pigeons are widely used in the biological and medical research in many aspects. The genetic quality of experimental poultries directly affects the results of the research. In this study, following electrophoresis analysis and short tandem repeat (STR) scanning, we screened out the microsatellite loci for determining the genetic characteristics of Chinese experimental chickens, ducks, geese, and pigeons. The panels of loci selected in our research provide a good choice for genetic monitoring of the population genetic diversity of Chinese native experimental chickens, ducks, geese, and ducks.

Parameters of health, productivity, behaviour and physiology which are used in order to determine the stress shaped by the effects of various factors in poultries can only be detected when the effects of stress emerge; in other words, when the changes are shaped. Therefore; it is important to interfere before the emergence of these indications in order to develop animal welfare by preventing stress. Information programmes, as traditional methods, and vitamin applications as well as anti-stress effects of herbal extracts have recently been studied in order to reduce the effects of stress. Moreover; such applications as crossbreeding native race, which are highly tolerated against temperature stress, with the commercial ones, usage of blue LED light, capturing exercises, enriched environment, adding roosters into the flocks of hen and finally temperature exercises in chick period are also tried as anti-stress preventions. In this paper, new approaches to the reduction of stress or stress sensitivity in poultries have been studied.

The article scientifically generalizes the issues of reflection of folklore motives in the types of applied arts of Uzbekistan in the XX century. The most general considerations regarding the nature of the symbolic image of animals, birds, poultries, insects and underground creatures in the decor of household items are presented.

In developing countries, animal production is being subjected to great pressure to satisfy the demand for animal protein required by the continuous increasing human population and to have surplus for international trade. Coccidiosis is a major health problem of poultries. This aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of caecal coccidiosis infections in poultry birds in Ekiti State. Three poultry sites were randomly selected and studied in Ekiti state. 10,000 birds were examined out of which 1033 birds tested positive to coccidiosis infection. Test tube floatations for faecal content and wet smear preparation for the caecal lining were done to test the presence of Eimeria tenella(Et)based on the dimension of oocyst and respiratory disease respectively. The result showed the highest percentage of Et infection in Yomi poultry farms in Ifaki Ekiti representing 6.8% while Daac poultry farms had the least percentage of 3%. The percentage occurrence of respiratory disease is highest in Daac farms with 6% and a least percentage of 3% in Christ's power poultry. The result implies that there is a still presence of Et infections in the poultries considered for study in Ekiti, thus the need for biosafety measures, information and protection programs against the disease.

The process of campylobacteriosis agent distribution among agricultural poultries was shown to depend upon a number of factors including conditions of maintenance and importation of the agent (with feed and etc.). Unsatisfactory sanitary conditions of poultry farms and high level of infection among hens lead to intensive contamination of different environmental objects with campylobacters. Therefore, the first priority is to select those objects which can really be exposed to contamination with campylobacters and provide circulation of infection among people, animals and poultry due to their functional characteristics.

The epizootic situation with regard to some infectious diseases in the Dnipropetrovsk region remains as complicated and strained. Timely and accurate diagnosis determines the effectiveness of the realized preventive measures of infectious diseases and establishes the peculiarities and changes of the epizootic situation in certain areas. The laboratory examinations, including the bacteriological method, have the crucial importance for the correct assessment of prevention and antiepizootic measures. Objective of this review: was to determine the etiological structure of infectious diseases in the Dnipropetrovsk region for 2014–2016, based on the results of bacteriological examinations. As the material for the examinations were the data of the veterinary reports of the State district veterinary medicine laboratories of the Dnipropetrovsk region and the results of our own examinations conducted on the basis of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional State Laboratory of the Veterinary Medicine (DRSLVM). As of 2014 year, in the Dnipropetrovsk region, the live-stock capita in all categories of farms was: horned cattle – 130.527, small cattle – 44.739, pigs – 520.801, horses – 1,781, poultries – 15,342,087, including chickens – 14.816.157, waterfowl – 525.930. During 2014–2016 by means of laboratories of veterinary medicine in the Dnipropetrovsk region have been conducted 18,474 examinations on the infectious diseases of the animals. 142 positive results were received in total. According to the results of the bacteriological examinations in the Dnipropetrovsk region, for the years 2014–2016 were registered diplococcosis, malignant edema, pasteurellosis, colibacteriosis, salmonellosis, pullorosis, staphylococcosis, streptococcosis and swine erysipelas, poultry pseudomonosis, aeromonosis of fish, parafoul brood (caused by Bacillus paraalvei) and proteose of bees. 4,472 examinations were conducted on colibacteriosis and 78 positive results were obtained. 21 cultures were obtained from the pigs, from poultries – 44 cultures, from embryos – 6 cultures, from small cattle – 3 cultures, from fur animals – 2 cultures, from dogs – 2 cultures. Cultures of Escherichia coli, isolated from pigs are represented by the serological variants: O139, O26, O9, O78, O1, O8 and atypical variants, and from poultries – O115, O119, O78, O15, O86, K88 AB and atypical variants. For salmonella, 7,578 examinations were conducted and 16 positive results were obtained. Among the diseases of bees, laboratory tests have been recorded parafoul brood and proteose of bees. Conclusion: сausative agents of 13 infectious animal diseases have been identified in the Dnipropetrovsk region by means of bacteriological investigations. Most commonly isolated pathogens of intestinal infections (colibacteriosis and salmonellosis).

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The present study aimed to evaluate the encapsulated butyric acid in the control of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, performance and systemic health of broiler chickens experimentally inoculated. 576 one-day-old male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with eight treatments and six replications each. The poultries were inoculated orally at one-day-old with 0.3 ml of phosphate buffered saline, containing approximately 2.0 x 10 6 CFU/ml of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Treatment 1 (T1) was the control group (Placebo); T2 - received butyric acid at a dose of 0.03%; T3 - received butyric acid at a dose of 0.075%; T4 - received the butyric acid at a dose of 0.15%; T5 -group inoculated orally (Positive Control SE); T6 - inoculated orally treated with 0.03%; T7 - inoculated orally treated with 0.075%; T8 - inoculated orally treated with 0.15%. At 22 days of age, the chickens were reinfected with 0.5 ml of phosphate buffered saline containing concentration greater than 1.0 x 10 9 CFU/ml of Salmonella. Butyric acid favored the performance up to 21 days. The acid reduced the intestinal population E. coli. The intestinal pH did not differ by butyric acid, however Salmonella caused a reduction. At 14 days, the acidification effected the growth of the villi of the jejunum and Salmonella caused a reduction in the villous and greater relation villi : crypt in the duodenum and jejunum. No Salmonella was isolated from cloacal swabs collected from poultries that received the dose of 0.03%. Salmonella reduced intestinal weight. The colonization of Salmonella in organs at eight and 28 days of age was reduced in the presence of acid. Liver weight was smaller in the inoculated poultries and larger in the non-inoculated poultries and treated with 0.03% at 15 days. The spleen was smaller than in inoculated poultries which received the dose of 0.03%, at eight days. Salmonella reduced the bursa weight at 15 days.Dietary acidification reduced the lymphoid depletion in the inoculated group. Salmonella influenced the antibody production against Newcastle Disease and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. The dose of 0.15% increased the antibody production against Newcastle Disease in the inoculated groups and antibodies against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in the non-inoculated group at 42 days. The mortality of poultries did not differ between treatments. We conclude that, among the investigated dosages, the inclusion of 0.03% yielded the best results in performance and beneficial effects on intestinal health and organ biometrics. The dose of 0.15% improved humor immunity of the poultries.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o ácido butírico encapsulado no controle de Salmonella enterica sorovar Enteritidis, desempenho e saúde sistêmica de frangos de corte experimentalmente inoculados. Foram utilizados 576 pintos machos de um dia de idade distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com oito tratamentos e seis repetições cada. As aves foram inoculadas via oral ao primeiro dia de idade com 0,3 mL de solução salina tamponada, contendo aproximadamente 2,0 x 10 6 UFC/mL de Salmonella enterica sorovar Enteritidis. O tratamento 1 (T1) consistiu o grupo controle (Placebo); T2 – recebeu o ácido butírico na dose de 0,03%; T3 – recebeu o ácido butírico na dose de 0,075%; T4 – recebeu o ácido butírico na dose de 0,15%; T5 – grupo inoculado via oral (Controle positivo SE); T6 – inoculado via oral tratado com 0,03%; T7 - inoculado via oral tratado com 0,075%; T8 - inoculado via oral tratado com 0,15%. Aos 22 dias de idade, as aves foram re-inoculadas com 0,5 mL de solução salina tamponada, contendo concentração superior a 1,0 x 10 9 UFC/mL de Salmonella. O ácido butírico favoreceu o desempenho até os 21 dias. O ácido reduziu a população intestinal de E. coli. O pH intestinal não foi influenciado pelo ácido butírico, porém Salmonella promoveu redução. Aos 14 dias, a acidificação influenciou o crescimento das vilosidades do jejuno e Salmonella provocou redução nas vilosidades e maior relação vilo : cripta no duodeno e jejuno. Não foi isolado Salmonella dos suabes de cloaca coletados das aves que receberam a dose de 0,03%. Salmonella reduziu o peso do intestino. A colonização de Salmonella nos órgãos aos oito e 28 dias de idade foi reduzida na presença do ácido. Peso do fígado foi menor nas aves inoculadas e maior nas aves não inoculadas e tratadas com 0,03% aos 15 dias. O baço foi menor nas aves inoculadas que receberam a dose de 0,03%, aos oito dias. Salmonella reduziu o peso da bursa aos 15 dias. A acidificação da dieta reduziu a depleção linfoide no grupo inoculado. Salmonella influenciou a produção de anticorpos contra Doença de Newcastle e Salmonella enterica sorovar Enteritidis. A dose de 0,15% aumentou a produção de anticorpos contra Doença de Newcastle no grupo inoculado e de anticorpos contra Salmonella enterica sorovar Enteritidis no grupo não inoculado aos 42 dias. A mortalidade das aves não diferiu entre os tratamentos. Conclui-se que, dentre as dosagens pesquisadas, a inclusão de 0,03% promoveu os melhores resultados no desempenho e efeitos benéficos sobre a saúde intestinal e biometria de órgãos. A dose de 0,15% melhorou a imunidade humoral das aves.

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
財富與稅務管理系碩士在職專班
103
Mankind use animals as foods, power tools, biological experiments, entertainments and pets. The people’s attitude towards animals can attribute to social culture, psychological emotion, economic utility and nutritional value. Human beings are the omnivirous animals. The methods to obtain meats are hunting, fishing and feeding. Because consider to bring its costs down, the livestock and fishery industry from small-scale individual develop and evolve to large-scale entrepreneurialoperation. The increasing in meat products causes air pollution, land infertile, water shortage, climate change and loss of biodiversity. To reduce the production and consumption in meats, it is necessary turn toward vegetable foods. This thesis collects and organizes the Taiwan tax treatments in meat indrustries of livestock, poultries and fishes. It includes Slaughter Tax, Business Tax, Customs Duty, House Tax and Land Tax. The Analysis is ground with environment friendly, animal welfare, social responsibility and personal health. The issue for the imposition of meat tax and surcharge is debated. Taiwan government regislates the tax laws and regulations in agricultural products of animals. Primary considerations are agricultural protection, maintain competition, rules for international trade, politic and economic tools. The environment and resources, health and safety, and social morality should be conducted to take into account.

碩士
國立中興大學
動物科學系所
96
The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical content of goose breast and thigh, turkey breast and thigh, and ostrich thigh, and fatty acid composition and CLA (conjugated linleic acid) mixture content of thigh meat and abdominal fat of goose, turkey and ostrich were also analyzed. Moreover, a 5% fatty acid-methanol solution (FAMS) was prepared by fatty acid of abdominal fat from goose, turkey and ostrich. Then, different concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1%) of test solutions (medium B) prepared by 5% FAMS and medium A containing RPMI 1640, 10% FBS and 1% PSA. Finally, it evaluated anticariogenic efficiency of all test solutions were by inhibition of cell viability of human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) and human breast epithelial cell (MCF-10A) in this research. The results were as follow: in aspect of the moisture content of breast and thigh meat, turkey had significantly lower value than those of goose and ostrich. The thigh meat of goose and turkey had higher crude fat content than breast meat and thigh meat of ostrich. The thigh meat had lower crude protein content than breast meat of goose and turkey. The highest ash content of breast and thigh meat was found in goose. In aspect of the fatty acid composition in thigh muscle and abdominal fat, the higher fatty acids concentration of goose thigh meat were palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2); in turkey thigh meat were oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2); in ostrich thigh meat were oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2), respectively. In abdominal fat part, the higher fatty acid concentration in goose, turkey, and ostrich were linoleic acid (C18:2) and α-linoleic acid (C18:3); oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2), as well as palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2) and α-linoleic acid (C18:3), individually. However, CLA mixture content of abdominal fat from goose, turkey and ostrich was 0.42, 0.16 and 0.12% / per gram fat, respectively. In aspect of the inhibition of breast tumor cell viability, no significant inhibiting efficiency on MCF-10A cell found in 0.05% concentration of fatty acid-methanol solution from all three poultries. A significantly reduced number for MCF-7 cell viability was found in all treatments. The higher concentration of FAMS, the better inhibition of breast tumor cell proliferation. The FAMS of ostrich had better inhibition efficiency on MCF-7 cell growth in three poultry species in this study. In conclusion, different inhibiting efficiency on breast tumor cell were found in fatty acid from different poultry species and might be caused by ratio of CLA isomer and concentration in these three poultries is important and these basic data also can be applied in health food in future.