Journal articles: 'Poultries'

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Zhang, Xiulin, Yang He, Wei Zhang, Yining Wang, Xinmeng Liu, Aique Cui, Yidi Gong, et al. "Development of Microsatellite Marker System to Determine the Genetic Diversity of Experimental Chicken, Duck, Goose, and Pigeon Populations." BioMed Research International 2021 (January 14, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8851888.

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Poultries including chickens, ducks, geese, and pigeons are widely used in the biological and medical research in many aspects. The genetic quality of experimental poultries directly affects the results of the research. In this study, following electrophoresis analysis and short tandem repeat (STR) scanning, we screened out the microsatellite loci for determining the genetic characteristics of Chinese experimental chickens, ducks, geese, and pigeons. The panels of loci selected in our research provide a good choice for genetic monitoring of the population genetic diversity of Chinese native experimental chickens, ducks, geese, and ducks.

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Vale, Marcos Martinez do, Daniela Regina Klein, Tatiane Branco, and Mauricio Portella dos Santos. "Glycemic response of poultries in different feeding systems." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 41, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 43148. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.43148.

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Taşkın, Atilla, Ahmet Şahin, Ömer Camcı, and Güray Erener. "Kanatlılarda Anti-Stres Uygulamalarında Yeni Yaklaşımlar." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 7 (June 30, 2015): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i7.571-576.354.

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Parameters of health, productivity, behaviour and physiology which are used in order to determine the stress shaped by the effects of various factors in poultries can only be detected when the effects of stress emerge; in other words, when the changes are shaped. Therefore; it is important to interfere before the emergence of these indications in order to develop animal welfare by preventing stress. Information programmes, as traditional methods, and vitamin applications as well as anti-stress effects of herbal extracts have recently been studied in order to reduce the effects of stress. Moreover; such applications as crossbreeding native race, which are highly tolerated against temperature stress, with the commercial ones, usage of blue LED light, capturing exercises, enriched environment, adding roosters into the flocks of hen and finally temperature exercises in chick period are also tried as anti-stress preventions. In this paper, new approaches to the reduction of stress or stress sensitivity in poultries have been studied.

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Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim Rakhimovich. "Reflection Of Folklore In Applied Art Of Uzbekistan (From The Beginning Of The XX Century To The 90s)." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 02 (February 27, 2021): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue02-26.

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The article scientifically generalizes the issues of reflection of folklore motives in the types of applied arts of Uzbekistan in the XX century. The most general considerations regarding the nature of the symbolic image of animals, birds, poultries, insects and underground creatures in the decor of household items are presented.

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Al-Jaff, Bahrouz M. A. "The Risk of Bacterial Contamination in Hen Eggs of Sulaimani Poultries." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 8, no. 1 (March 11, 2004): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10135.

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Adewole, Samson, Dolapo Odeyemi, Serifat Aleem, and Omoyeni T.E. "The study of Eimeria tenella infections in Poultry Birds in Ekiti State." International Journal of Scientific World 6, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v6i1.8745.

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In developing countries, animal production is being subjected to great pressure to satisfy the demand for animal protein required by the continuous increasing human population and to have surplus for international trade. Coccidiosis is a major health problem of poultries. This aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of caecal coccidiosis infections in poultry birds in Ekiti State. Three poultry sites were randomly selected and studied in Ekiti state. 10,000 birds were examined out of which 1033 birds tested positive to coccidiosis infection. Test tube floatations for faecal content and wet smear preparation for the caecal lining were done to test the presence of Eimeria tenella(Et)based on the dimension of oocyst and respiratory disease respectively. The result showed the highest percentage of Et infection in Yomi poultry farms in Ifaki Ekiti representing 6.8% while Daac poultry farms had the least percentage of 3%. The percentage occurrence of respiratory disease is highest in Daac farms with 6% and a least percentage of 3% in Christ's power poultry. The result implies that there is a still presence of Et infections in the poultries considered for study in Ekiti, thus the need for biosafety measures, information and protection programs against the disease.

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Shokri, Azar, Mehdi Sharif, Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Mohammad Taghi Rahimi, Azadeh Mizani, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Mahboobeh Montazeri, and Ahmad Daryani. "Birds and poultries toxoplasmosis in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 10, no. 7 (July 2017): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.013.

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Viegas, C., J. Malta-Vacas, R. Sabino, S. Viegas, and C. Veríssimo. "Accessing indoor fungal contamination using conventional and molecular methods in Portuguese poultries." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 186, no. 3 (November 11, 2013): 1951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3509-4.

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Ustun, N. M. "Modern Particularities of Campilobacteriosis Epidemiology in Azerbaijan." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 3(105) (June 20, 2010): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2010-3(105)-39-41.

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The process of campylobacteriosis agent distribution among agricultural poultries was shown to depend upon a number of factors including conditions of maintenance and importation of the agent (with feed and etc.). Unsatisfactory sanitary conditions of poultry farms and high level of infection among hens lead to intensive contamination of different environmental objects with campylobacters. Therefore, the first priority is to select those objects which can really be exposed to contamination with campylobacters and provide circulation of infection among people, animals and poultry due to their functional characteristics.

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Glebenyuk, V. V., I. V. Borovik, T. V. Kuchuk, and O. O. Litvinenko. "Etiological structure of bacteriosis of animals in the Dnipropetrovsk region for 2014–2016." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 83 (March 2, 2018): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8351.

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The epizootic situation with regard to some infectious diseases in the Dnipropetrovsk region remains as complicated and strained. Timely and accurate diagnosis determines the effectiveness of the realized preventive measures of infectious diseases and establishes the peculiarities and changes of the epizootic situation in certain areas. The laboratory examinations, including the bacteriological method, have the crucial importance for the correct assessment of prevention and antiepizootic measures. Objective of this review: was to determine the etiological structure of infectious diseases in the Dnipropetrovsk region for 2014–2016, based on the results of bacteriological examinations. As the material for the examinations were the data of the veterinary reports of the State district veterinary medicine laboratories of the Dnipropetrovsk region and the results of our own examinations conducted on the basis of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional State Laboratory of the Veterinary Medicine (DRSLVM). As of 2014 year, in the Dnipropetrovsk region, the live-stock capita in all categories of farms was: horned cattle – 130.527, small cattle – 44.739, pigs – 520.801, horses – 1,781, poultries – 15,342,087, including chickens – 14.816.157, waterfowl – 525.930. During 2014–2016 by means of laboratories of veterinary medicine in the Dnipropetrovsk region have been conducted 18,474 examinations on the infectious diseases of the animals. 142 positive results were received in total. According to the results of the bacteriological examinations in the Dnipropetrovsk region, for the years 2014–2016 were registered diplococcosis, malignant edema, pasteurellosis, colibacteriosis, salmonellosis, pullorosis, staphylococcosis, streptococcosis and swine erysipelas, poultry pseudomonosis, aeromonosis of fish, parafoul brood (caused by Bacillus paraalvei) and proteose of bees. 4,472 examinations were conducted on colibacteriosis and 78 positive results were obtained. 21 cultures were obtained from the pigs, from poultries – 44 cultures, from embryos – 6 cultures, from small cattle – 3 cultures, from fur animals – 2 cultures, from dogs – 2 cultures. Cultures of Escherichia coli, isolated from pigs are represented by the serological variants: O139, O26, O9, O78, O1, O8 and atypical variants, and from poultries – O115, O119, O78, O15, O86, K88 AB and atypical variants. For salmonella, 7,578 examinations were conducted and 16 positive results were obtained. Among the diseases of bees, laboratory tests have been recorded parafoul brood and proteose of bees. Conclusion: сausative agents of 13 infectious animal diseases have been identified in the Dnipropetrovsk region by means of bacteriological investigations. Most commonly isolated pathogens of intestinal infections (colibacteriosis and salmonellosis).

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Coradi, Paulo C., Márcio A. Martins, Douglas R. da Costa, Ricardo B. Vigoderis, and Ilda de F. F. Tinôco. "Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulating heated air from wood burning inside a poultries barn." Engenharia Agrícola 36, no. 5 (October 2016): 768–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v36n5p768-778/2016.

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Ayasan, Tugay, and Mikail Baylan. "Kanatlı Beslenmesinde Dut Yaprağının (Morus alba) Kullanılması." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 6 (June 15, 2016): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i6.504-507.682.

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The increasing costs of conventional feedstuffs like corn, soybean meal and fish meal for poultry diets is pushing the need to find less expensive alternatives. Mulberry grows well in the tropics and subtropics, and is reported to have excellent nutritional value. Mulberry leaves are very rich in protein (15-35%), minerals (2.42-4.71% Ca, 0.23-0.97% P), 1130-2240 kcal/kg metabolic energy (ME). The amino acids composition of mulberry leaf meal indicates it is a good source of essential amino acids especially lysine (1.80%) and leucine (2.58%). In this paper, studies made on the mulberry leaf used in nutrition of poultries have been reviewed.

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Odeyemi, A. T., and O. E. Omotoso. "Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Isolated Bacteria from Government and Private Poultries Water Samples in Ado-Ekiti." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5, no. 9 (September 10, 2016): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.509.013.

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., Bokaeian Mohammad, Mohagheghi Fard Amir H. ., and Gholizadeh Roqiah . "An Investigation on Contamination of Poultries by Salmonella Species in Zahedan (South-East Iran) During 2004." Research Journal of Microbiology 1, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jm.2006.463.466.

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Mohammad, Bokaeian, and Mohagheghi Fard Amir . "Identification of Enteropathogenic Campylobacters in Poultries` Faeces by PCR and its Comparison with Culture in Zahedan (Iran)." Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 6 (October 15, 2006): 984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jms.2006.984.988.

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Barbosa Filho, José A. D., Marília L. V. Queiroz, Daniel de F. Brasil, Frederico M. C. Vieira, and Iran J. O. Silva. "Transport of broilers: load microclimate during Brazilian summer." Engenharia Agrícola 34, no. 3 (June 2014): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162014000300003.

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The objective of this study was to characterize the microclimatic profile of broiler transport trucks under commercial conditions, in the summer, by continuous monitoring of environmental variables (temperature and air relative humidity). Three loads were monitored from farm to slaughterhouse, considering factors such as distance and day periods (morning, afternoon, and night). To obtain the profile of the environmental variables during journey, data loggers, that determined the microclimate to which birds were submitted, were installed in the trucks; data loggers also allowed visualization of the Enthalpy Comfort Index (ECI) so that load regions could be classified according to heat comfort limits for 6-week old poultries. Temperature, relative humidity, and ECI in the truck were analyzed, using geostatistics, by the ordinary kriging method. The afternoon was the most critical period, and truck central and rear regions were most problematic for chickens, thus most susceptible to losses.

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Afunwa, Ruth Asikiya, Johnpaul Ezeanyinka, Emmanuel Chijindu Afunwa, Adaeze Suzzy Udeh, Angus Nnamdi Oli, and Marian Unachukwu. "Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Index of Gram-Negative Bacteria from Bird Droppings in Two Commercial Poultries in Enugu, Nigeria." Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 10, no. 04 (2020): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmm.2020.104015.

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Manikandan, R., and R. Vijayakumar. "Screening of Antifouling Compound Producing Marine Actinobacteria against Biofouling Bacteria Isolated from Poultries of Namakkal District, South India." Research Journal of Science and Technology 8, no. 2 (2016): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-2988.2016.00011.5.

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Nimmagadda, Vijaya Kumar, M. M. M. Sarcar, and Ramji Koona. "Investigation of Dielectric Properties of Industrial Waste Reinforced Particulate Polymer Composites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/319741.

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Environmental awareness today motivates the worldwide researchers on the studies of industrial waste reinforced polymer composites. Rapid industrialization has resulted in the generation of huge quantity of solid and liquid wastes such as sugar, paper and pulp, fruit and food processing, distilleries, dairies, and poultries. The redundancy of industrial waste and government regulations have prompted researchers to try for industrial waste reinforced composites. Being low cost, ease of manufacturing, and high mechanical and other properties, an industrial waste represents a good alternative to the most common composites. In the present study, industrial wastes collected from different industries are used as particulate reinforcement in unsaturated polyester matrix and also in polypropylene and investigated dielectric properties. Results reveal that coupling agent treated composites produce improved dielectric strength due to improvement in compatibility between matrix and reinforcement interface. Results also reveal that industrial waste reinforced in polypropylene has more dielectric strength as compared to reinforcement in polyester.

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YASUTOMI, Kazuo, and Yasuhiro TOMIOKA. "Insecticide resistance of housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera : Muscidae) in poultries, with special reference to the yearly changes in resistance levels." Medical Entomology and Zoology 51, no. 3 (2000): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.51.187.

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Batista Santos, Carlos Alberto. "Hunting Practices Among the Indigenous “Truká” in the Semiarid Region of Brazil." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 31 (August 7, 2020): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.31.07.12.

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This paper aims to provide information on hunting in the Semi-arid Northeast counting the hunting practices of the Truká Indigenous people. These pieces of information were obtained through interviews, using semi-structured questionnaires with fifty-five Indigenous hunters, distributed in four Truká villages located in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco. Thirty-nine poultries, thirteen mammals, and seven reptiles commonly captured the Truká have been cited. Out of the total number, forty-five (42.3%) were used for feeding. Species used as pets (n=20), in magic rituals (n=1), in traditional medicine (n=11), in local handicraft (n=23) and in control hunting (n=6) have also been quoted. Among those species, only one is listed as endangered, to say, Anodorhynchus leari, and one vulnerable, Leopardus tigrinus. Among the interviewees, the common hunting techniques are trap, hatch, pitfall, lasso, hunting net, rifle, slingshot, hook, besides handgrip and dog hunting. The awareness of local perception in the usage of wild fauna is fundamental for decision making in the elaboration of projects for the conservation and management of local fauna, aiming both the maintenance and the continuity of access to this natural resource.

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Setiana, Lucie, Mochamad Sugiarto, and Oentoeng Edy Djatmiko. "Socio Demographic Factors Influencing the Income of Native Chicken Farming in Rural Area of Ciamis Regency." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 21, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2019.21.2.757.

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Sentul chicken is one of indigenous poultries maintained by most people in Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. This study aimed at determining the influence of socio demographic factors on the income generated from Sentul chicken farming in Ciamis Regency. A survey method was conducted to the members of seven farmer groups institutionally assisted by the Ciamis Regency Government Unit. The descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were used to describe the profile of respondents and to analyze the influence of socio demographic factors on the income generated from Sentul chicken farming. The results showed that the farmers’ length of education was 11.8 years with 5.8 years experience raising the Sentul chicken while the farm size was averagely 9 heads of chicken. The Sentul chicken farmmaintained in 70 days with semi-intensive production system has generated income ranging from IDR 756,000 to IDR 19,900,000. Farming experience and farm size significantly influenced the income generated from Sentul chicken farming. Increase the farming experience of Sentul chicken farmers and enlarging Sentul chicken farm size with semi-intensive production system may improve the income generated from Sentul chicken farming in Ciamis Regency.

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Koga, Vanessa L., Sara Scandorieiro, Eliana C. Vespero, Alexandre Oba, Benito G. de Brito, Kelly C. T. de Brito, Gerson Nakazato, and Renata K. T. Kobayashi. "Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors amongEscherichia coliIsolated from Conventional and Free-Range Poultry." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/618752.

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Microbiological contamination in commercial poultry production has caused concerns for human health because of both the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and the increase in antimicrobial resistance in bacterial strains that can cause treatment failure of human infections. The aim of our study was to analyze the profile of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors ofE. coliisolates from chicken carcasses obtained from different farming systems (conventional and free-range poultry). A total of 156E. colistrains were isolated and characterized for genes encoding virulence factors described in extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli(ExPEC). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 15 antimicrobials, and strains were confirmed as extended spectrum ofβ-lactamases- (ESBLs-) producingE. coliby phenotypic and genotypic tests. The results indicated that strains from free-range poultry have fewer virulence factors than strains from conventional poultry. Strains from conventionally raised chickens had a higher frequency of antimicrobial resistance for all antibiotics tested and also exhibited genes encoding ESBL and AmpC, unlike free-range poultry isolates, which did not. Group 2 CTX-M and CIT were the most prevalent ESBL and AmpC genes, respectively. The farming systems of poultries can be related with the frequency of virulence factors and resistance to antimicrobials in bacteria.

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Akram, Hisyam, Hanafi Nur, and Deden Sudrajat. "PENAMBAHAN AMPAS TAHU DAN TEPUNG TOMAT PADA PAKAN KOMERSIAL TERHADAP PERFORMA PUYUH (Coturnix coturnix japonica) PERIODE LAYER." JURNAL PETERNAKAN NUSANTARA 5, no. 1 (June 8, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jpnu.v5i1.1595.

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The quail is one kind of poultries that can give the distribution of society interests in case of eggs providing. There are kinds of research that related to feed aspect, one of them is the way to increase the quality of feed by adding tofu waste and tomato flour on commercial feed. The aim of this research is to review the influences of giving the tofu waste and tofu tomato flour on commercial feed toward quail performance (cortunix cortunix japonica) in layer period. Complete randomized design with used by the following treatment P0 (Provision of commercial feed without tofu and tomato flour), P1 (Provision of commercial food with 2.5% tofu dregs and 2.5% tomato flour), P2 (Provision of commercial food with 5% dregs of tofu and 5% tomato flour and P3 (giving commercial food with 7.5% tofu waste and 7.5% tomato flour).The treatment was conducted to quail aged 35 days until 67 days old. The feed and drink was given by adlibitium (always available). Giving tofu waste and tomato flour does not affect the feed consumption, egg’s weight, feed convertion, depletion, and the production of quail’s egg in layer period.Key words : Quail performance of layer period, tofu waste, tomato flour, commercial feed

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Mohammadi, Mohsen, and Gholamreza Yavari. "Factors Affecting The Use and Development of Solar Energy in Iran's Agricultural Sector." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 6, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.45-53.

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The paper seeks to identify factors led some farmers to use renewable energy in their poultry farms. The research was a practical study in terms of goal and a descriptive-correlation study in terms of methodology. The population of the study was composed of Semnan Province poultry farmers that used any type of renewable energy in their farms. Based on the farmer's viewpoints, the most important factors made farmers use renewable energy in their poultries were poultry farm revenue, bank loans with low interest rate, and technology and equipment availability. Also, according to stepwise regression, 78.4% of the variance of the dependent variable was accounted for by the variables of economic, technical, subsidies reform, and policies factors. Therefore, financial incentives such as bank loans with low interest, distribution of technical equipment requirements and supportive legislation can be effective on the development of renewable energy use among other farmers.Article History: Received Nov 16th 2016; Received in revised form January 12nd 2017; Accepted 3rd February 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Mohammadi, M and Yavari, G. (2017) Factors affecting the use and development of solar energy in Iran's agricultural sector. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(1),45-53.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.45-53

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Bashar, Septiar, Hanafi Nur, and Deden Sudrajat. "THE GIVING OF GINGER FLOUR (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) AND TURMERIC FLOUR (CURCUMA DOMESTICA) ON COMMERCIAL FEED TO QUAIL (COTURNIX COTURNOC JAPONICA) PERFORMANCE OF LAYER." Jurnal Peternakan Nusantara 3, no. 2 (January 8, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jpnu.v3i2.930.

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The quail is one kind of poultries that can give the distribution of society interests in case of eggs providing. There are kinds of research that related to feed aspect, one of them is the way to increase the quality of feed by adding ginger flour and turmeric flour on commercial feed. The aim of this research is to review the influences of giving the ginger flour (Zinger officinale) and turmeric flour (Curcuma domestica) on commercial feed toward quail performance (cortunix cortunix japonica) in layer period. Complete randomized design with used by the following treatment: P0 (commercial feeding without ginger flour and turmeric flour), P1 (commercial feeding with 1% ginger flour), P2 (commercial feeding with 1% turmeric flour), and P3 (feed commercial with 0.5% ginger flour and 0.5% turmeric flour). The treatment was conducted to quail aged 35 days until 67 days old. The feed and drink was given by adlibitium (always available). Giving ginger flour and turmeric flour does not affect the feed consumption, egg’s weight, feed convertion, depletion, and the production of quail’s egg in layer period, however, by adding 1% ginger on rations that is used, it can improve the convertion in the amount of 12.4% and increase the producing of egg in the amount of 19.9%.Key words : Quail performance of layer period, ginger flour, turmeric flour, commercial feed

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Valentim, Jean Kaique, Karynne Luana Chaves de Paula, Adriano Geraldo, Diogo Alvarenga Miranda, Sara Santana Ramos Lemke, Marllon José Karpeggiane de Oliveira, and Jeferson Éder Ferreira de Oliveira. "Use of probiotics in diets of wild-type chickens and its effects on performance." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 19, no. 3 (September 2018): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402018000300008.

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SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of male colonial chickens fed diet supplemented with commercial probiotic (Calsporin ®). A total of 210 male chicks Label Rouge lineage were used and they were raised in experimental shed up to 30 days old. These birds had free access to the pickets of Tifton-85, from 31-90 days of age. The experimental design was completely randomized, two treatments, one containing feed supplemented with probiotic Bacillus subtillis (300 g t-1 Bacillus subtillis 1×109 UFCg-1) and another one without it, with ten replications per treatment, consisting of 21 chickens/replication. The mean of body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FC), mortality and viability were evaluated. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages of the treatments were compared by the F-test at 5% of significance. The addition of probiotic (300 g t-1 Bacillus subtillis 1×109 UFCg-1) in the diet of Label Rouge broilers did not interfere in the MW, WG, and FC variables in the total period from 1 to 90 days (P>0.05); the MFI variable differed (P <0.05), with higher consumption in chickens receiving the diet with the probiotic. The inclusion of probiotic in the wild-type chicken ration did not improve the productive performance of poultries possibly due to a low challenge by pathogenic microorganisms in the environments in which they were raised.

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Adenipekun, Eyitayo O., Charlene R. Jackson, Hazem Ramadan, Bamidele A. Iwalokun, Kolawole S. Oyedeji, Jonathan G. Frye, John B. Barrett, Lari M. Hiott, Tiffanie A. Woodley, and Afolabi Oluwadun. "Prevalence and multidrug resistance of Escherichia coli from community-acquired infections in Lagos, Nigeria." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 09 (September 30, 2016): 920–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7997.

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Introduction: The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR; resistance to ≥ 2 more antimicrobials) in Escherichia coli is of concern due to complications encountered in treatment. Methodology: In this study, prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic characteristics of MDR community isolates of E. coli from Lagos, Nigeria were determined. Urine and stool samples were obtained from outpatients attending Lagos State hospitals and from animal handlers in abattoirs, poultries, and open markets, from December 2012 to July 2013. Results: Approximately 50% of urine (200/394) and 88% of stool samples (120/136) were positive for E. coli. Based upon β-lactamase production, a subset of those isolates was selected for further study. Of the 22 antimicrobials tested, E. coli exhibited resistance to all antimicrobials except amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam. The highest levels of resistance were to tetracycline (182/247; 73.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (152/247; 61.5%), and ampicillin (147/247; 59.1%). Resistance to the cephalosporins ranged from 1.6%–15% including the third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, cefpodoxime (20/247; 8.1%) and cefepime (4/247; 1.6%), respectively. MDR was observed in 69.6% (172/247) of the isolates. Forty-eight E. coli resistant to at least five antimicrobials were selected for further analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; seven distinct clusters were observed among the diverse patterns. Of the 48 MDR E. coli, 30 different sequence types (ST) were detected using multilocus sequence typing, including four ST131. Conclusions: This study demonstrated circulating MDR E. coli in the Nigerian community. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries is necessary to optimize empiric treatment and the prudent use of antimicrobials.

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Fernandes Müller, Inês Jovanir, Mayra Ribeiro Vissotto, Letícia Cardoso Bittencourt, Thais Eliana Riffel, Fernanda Lima Kaiser, Sabrina Palma Castro, and Gustavo Rafael Hermes. "Mineral supplementation: effects on bone integrity and intestinal morphometry of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria sp." Acta Veterinaria 69, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2019-0006.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of organic minerals on the productive performance and bone quality of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age and the intestinal health in situations of enteric challenge from 21 to 28 days of age. In a completely randomized design, with two treatments composed for minerals as sulfate and Carbo-Amino-Phospho-Chelate (CAPC), a total of 900 male broiler chicks were allocated to nine replicates and 18 experimental units with 50 birds each. 640 birds at 21 days of age were transferred to experimental cages and distributed in a completely randomized design, in factorial 2 × 2 (minerals as sulfate and CAPC × with and without enteric challenge), obtaining 4 treatments with 16 replicates and 10 birds each. In the same day of change, the group of challenged broilers received a commercial vaccine for coccidiosis that covers the Eimeria sp. At 7 days, the supplementation with CAPC minerals resulted in higher (p<0.05) weight gain and better feed conversion in relation to the inorganic source. The deposition of minerals evaluated in the tibia of broilers was not influenced (p>0.05) by the source of minerals, with the exception of Cu and Mn, whose deposition was greater (p<0.05) in the bones of poultries supplemented with inorganic source of minerals. There was higher (p<0.05) length and width of the villi and increase in the ratio villus: crypt in response to the intestinal spoliation with CAPC supplementation when compared to the inorganic source.

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Azizpour, Aidin, and Ciamak Ghazaei. "Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated From Broiler Chickens With Colibacillosis in Ardabil Province, Iran." International Journal of Basic Science in Medicine 5, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijbsm.2020.22.

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Introduction: Colibacillosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases of birds that is caused by Escherichia coli. This disease causes considerable economic damage to the poultry industry every year. Various antimicrobial agents are used to reduce the damage caused by this infection. But in recent decades, the increased use of antibiotics has led to the development of resistant genes and, consequently increasing antibiotic resistance of bacteria, leading to a decrease in the efficacy of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility and drug resistance of 178 isolates of 40 chicken flocks in Ardabil province northwest of Iran. Methods: Five carcasses were randomly selected from each flocks with colibacillosis and sampled from liver and heart using sterile swabs. After culture and isolation, colonies were identified by biochemical and serological methods. Antibiotic resistance of all isolates to 19 antibiotics was determined using disk diffusion method based on CLSI guidelines. Results: Of 200 samples, 178 (89%) were isolated, and 22 (11%) did not grow. In this study the highest antibiotic resistance was observed against flumequine (98.31%), nalidixic acid (97.25%), tylosin (97.20%), oxytetracycline (97.20%), chlortetracycline (95.50%), difloxacin (89.32%), doxycycline (81.47%), enrofloxacin (77.53%), sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (71.91%), and the lowest antibiotic resistance was recorded for Linco-Spectin (36.52%), chloramphenicol (22.47%), gentamycin (7.30%), fuzbac (5.05%) and ceftriaxone (3.93%). All isolates were highly sensitive to ceftazidime. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a high level of resistance to antibiotics commonly used in poultry industry, which is probably due to improper use of antibiotics in poultries.

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Lee, Sang-Joon, and Ki-Youn Kim. "On-Site Investigation of Airborne Bacteria and Fungi According to Type of Poultry Houses in South Korea." Processes 9, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091534.

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A field survey was conducted to quantify indoor exposure levels and emission rates of airborne microorganisms generated from domestic poultry buildings. There were three types of poultry buildings (caged layer house, broiler house, and layer house with manure belt), classified by the mode of manure treatment and ventilation, investigated in this study. Nine sites for each poultry building were selected and visited for measuring the exposure level and emission rate of airborne microorganisms. The total number of airborne bacteria and fungi among the airborne microorganisms were analysed based on the incubation method. Their emission rates were estimated by dividing the emission amount, which was calculated through multiplying indoor concentration (cfu/m3) by ventilation rate (m3/h), into the indoor area (m2) and the number of poultries reared in the poultry building. The mean exposure levels of the total airborne bacteria and fungi in the poultry building were 7.92 (SD: 2.66) log (cfu m−3) and 4.92 (SD: 1.79) log (cfu m−3), respectively. Emission rates of airborne microorganisms in poultry buildings were estimated to be 0.263 (±0.088) log (cfu hen−1h−1) and 0.839 (±0.371) log (cfu m−2h−1) for total airborne bacteria, and 0.066 (±0.031) log (cfu hen−1h−1) and 0.617 (±0.235) log (cfu m−2h−1) for total airborne fungi. The distribution patterns of the total airborne bacteria and fungi were similar regardless of poultry building type. Among poultry buildings, the broiler house showed the highest exposure level and emission rate of total airborne bacteria and fungi, followed by the layer house with manure belt and the caged layer house (p < 0.05). The finding that the broiler house showed the highest exposure level and emission rate of airborne microorganisms could be attributed to sawdust, which can be dispersed into the air by the movement of the poultry when it is utilized as bedding material. Thus, a work environmental management solution for optimally reducing airborne microorganism exposure is necessary for the broiler house.

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PROKOPYSHYN, Oksana. "INCREASE OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF POULTRY BREEDING ENTERPRISES." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-3-1.

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Introduction. Nowadays, poultry breeding is one of the most developed and progressive branches of agricultural production. That branch, as the principal producer of high-quality animal protein at a reasonable price, is very important because it secures food safety of the country. Successful performance of poultry breeding enterprises needs development of the algorithm, focused on support of production efficiency. To forecast development of poultry breeding in the future and to determine directions of its improvement, it is necessary to make a complete analysis of the statistical data of previous periods and to study the obtained general tendencies. Purpose. The task of the research is to make a detailed analysis of the current conditions of performance of poultry breeding enterprises, to study the tendencies of the branch development, and to examine peculiarities of performance of poultry-breeding enterprises in Ukraine, as well as to look for the ways to improve their economic efficiency. Results. Efficiency of poultry breeding production is directly influenced by quality and competitive capacity of products, effected by the material and technical support, technology of production, processing, packaging, storage and sale. The market of poultry breeding products is extremely attractive. Such products are characterized by a permanent growing demand due to a lower price comparing to other kinds of meat. It is also characterized by a faster turnover of invested capital. Increase of the consumption demand for poultry meat and investment attractiveness of poultry breeding stimulate increase of the volume of its production on a commercial base. Growth of the poultry meat production volume attracts investments to the branch. Conclusions. Eggs is another extremely important product of poultry breeding. Eggs production is the most profitable and the most efficient stimulus for development of the branch and growth of the volume of production in poultry breeding. Having analyzed the current conditions of poultry breeding, it is confirmed that it is rapidly developed, because one observes the tendency to increase of the number of poultries, volume of production of poultry meat and eggs, forced by the increased demand for such products. Key words: efficiency, poultry breeding, branch, monitoring, demand, products, agricultural enterprises, households of population.

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Kicheeva, T. G. "Determination of poultry's stress resistance." Аграрный вестник Верхневолжья, no. 4 (2020): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35523/2307-5872-2020-33-4-47-49.

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Valentim, Jean Kaique, Heder José D’Ávila Lima, Tatiana Marques Bittencourt, Nayara Emanoelle Matos e Silva, Maria Fernanda De Castro Burbarelli, Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia, Jessica De Carvalho Pantoja, and Deivid Kelly Barbosa. "Grãos Secos de Destilaria na Alimentação de Frangos de Corte." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 25, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2021v25n1p44-49.

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O uso de coprodutos agroindustriais na alimentação animal promove a diminuição dos custos de produção com insumos básicos como o milho e a soja, evitando os impactos causados pelo descarte desta matéria orgânica no ambiente, além de ser fonte nutricional de qualidade. Dessa forma, os grãos secos de destilaria com solúveis (DDGS) se tornam uma alternativa lucrativa em função de baixo custo, qualidade proteica e apelo sustentável, por ser oriundo da produção de biocombustíveis. Em contrapartida, em decorrência da variabilidade da composição nutricional deste ingrediente, sua adição em dietas avícolas deve ser realizada com cautela, minimizando perdas no desempenho das aves. Dessa forma se buscou avaliar por meio de um artigo de revisão de literatura a utilização de grãos secos de destilaria na dieta de frango de corte. É importante reiterar que os componentes nutricionais podem variar, sendo maior para coprodutos do que para os alimentos convencionais, podendo causar distúrbios nutricionais, se análises frequentes não forem realizadas e se as dietas não forem adequadamente balanceadas, de acordo com a qualidade nutricional do alimento. O DDGS possui grande potencial no uso da alimentação de frango de corte, em função da qualidade nutricional, podendo minimizar custos dentro dessa cadeia. Palavras-chave: Aves de Corte. Biocombustíveis. Coprodutos. DDGS. Milho Abstract The use of agro-industrial co-products in animal feed promotes the reduction of production costs with basic inputs such as corn and soybeans, avoids the impacts caused by the disposal of this organic matter in the environment, besides being a nutritional source of quality. Thus, dry grains of soluble distillery (DDGS) become a profitable alternative due to the low cost, protein quality and sustainable appeal, because it comes from biofuel production. On the other hand, due to the variability of the nutritional composition of this ingredient, its addition in poultry diets should be performed with caution, minimizing losses in the poultries’ performance. Thus, it was sought to evaluate through a literature review article the use of dry distillery grains in the broilers’ diet. It is important to reiterate that nutritional components may vary, being higher for co-products than for conventional foods, and may cause nutritional disorders, if frequent analyses are not performed and if diets are not properly balanced, according to the food nutritional quality. DDGS has great potential in the use of chicken feeding, due to its nutritional quality, and can minimize costs within this chain. Keywords: Biofuels. Co-Products. DDGS. Corn.

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Bauhan, Hobey. "IF POULTRY'S TO BLAME, WHERE'S THE PROOF?" Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 28, no. 5 (2009): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/08-529.1.

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Fernandes, Thiago, Jonathan Willian Zangeski Novais, Carlo Ralph De Musis, Marta Cristina De Jesus Albuquerque Nogueira, Valdemir Lino Do Nascimento, and Thaiany Fernandes. "Condições Higrotérmicas em Instalações Avícolas com Diversidade Técnica Construtiva na Cidade de Barra do Bugres-MT." Ensaios e Ciência: C. Biológicas, Agrárias e da Saúde 21, no. 3 (February 22, 2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2017v21n3p167-177.

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A avicultura de corte brasileira tem investido, constantemente, em inovações tecnológicas, permitindo novos conceitos de sistemas de produção de frangos de corte. Esses avanços se devem à caracterização do clima e tipologias de aviários abertos, que sempre colocaram o Brasil em uma circunstância benéfica, em evidência pelos resultados de desempenho e bem-estar das aves. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o ambiente termohigrométrico de aviários de frango de corte colonial, localizados na mesorregião do médio norte mato-grossense, zona rural do município de Barra do Bugres, Mato Grosso. Amiúde, procedeu-se às caracterizações macro e microclimáticas do ambiente com o auxílio de uma plataforma micro controlada por sensor convencional. A avaliação foi feita com base na temperatura do ar (ºC) e umidade relativa do ar (%), em diferentes períodos do dia. As coletas de dados foram realizadas para a estação quente-úmida e quente-seca. Constatou-se influência das tipologias dos materiais usados ao observar que a maioria destes corrobora com características de serem condutores térmicos, influenciando nos resultados expostos as condições de conforto. Neste contexto, o conforto térmico é um elemento fundamental na garantia de uma boa condição ambiental, devendo haver uma preocupação quanto à escolha dos materiais na concepção dos projetos de instalações avícolas, buscando-se assim minimizar fatores, que possam interferir no rendimento dos frangos de corte, bem como identificar estratégias e alternativas viáveis para a realidade da região de estudo.Palavras-chave: Microclima. Tipologias de Construção. Avicultura de Corte.AbstractBrazilian broilers faming has constantly invested in technological innovations, allowing new concepts of production systems for broilers. These advances are the characterization of its climate and types of open aviaries, which always put Brazil in beneficial circumstances, highlighted by the results of performance and the poultries’ well-being. The objective of this research was to evaluate the termohigrometro environment of colonial broilers aviaries, located in Middle North region of Mato Grosso, rural municipality of Barra do Bugres, Mato Grosso. Frequently, it was undertaken the macro and microclimate characterisations of the environment with the aid of a micro platform controlled by conventional sensor. The evaluation was made based on air temperature (° C) and relative humidity (%) at different times of the day. Data collections were carried out for the hot-humid and hot-dry. It was observed the influence of types of materials used to observe that most of these corroborate with features as being thermal conductors, influencing the results exposed the conditions of comfort, in this context, the thermal comfort is a key element in ensuring a good environmental condition, and should be a concern about the choice of materials in the design of poultry facilities projects, thus seeking to minimize factors that may interfere with the performance of the broilers as well as identify strategies and viable alternatives to the reality of the region of studyKeywords: Microclimate. Types of construction. Poultry farming.

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El-Sabrout, K., and A. El-Hanoun. "Does magnetised drinking water influence poultry's health and production?" World's Poultry Science Journal 75, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043933919000266.

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Prysyazhnyuk, V. "The treatment of animals in the Slavs in old times." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 95 (November 2, 2019): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9517.

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The mythology and social history of the Slavs, as well as the messages left by the ancient Greek and Roman authors, is the basis on which you can approximate the picture of animal treatment in ancient Slavs. These messages also include the beginning of animal treatment in Ukraine, because as a Slavic people we are part of the historical and cultural life of all Slavs. Due to the fact that the development of human or animal medicine in all nations has the same course, and that in the period of development of civilization of this people and medicine there has been similar progress, therefore, the development of animal treatment in the Slavs had a similar form. In general, more diseases were caused by external factors, and especially in surgical cases, such as wounds, arrow penetration. Data on the occurrence of diseases due to parasites or poisons – this is the main cause of diseases of internal origin by external factors, the so-called theory of foreign bodies. The causes of all diseases in the beginning were of natural origin, so they were tried to cure with the help of the simplest natural treatment. With the further spiritual development of the Slavs and the emergence of the first religious beliefs, joining the natural causes of the disease is still a religious element, but without rejecting the main factor. The most ancient religious belief of the Slavs was the belief in the ancestral spirits, the so-called “animism”. For the reasons described above, attempts have been made to prevent pet illnesses by providing the spirits or the above-ground creatures with evidence of memory by making sacrifices. When an animal fell ill and was suspected of being out of spirit, humans tried to reassure him with sacrifices or spells. On the other hand, good and evil spirits have been endeavored to receive help from good spirits against evil ones. Religious treatment, however, did not rule out the simplest healing procedures. In addition to religious activity, priests in the Slavs were treating both humans and animals. They were called “priests”. Among them were doctors and magi. Natural remedies were not sufficient for a primary understanding of the treatment of a patient or wound, therefore, the “doctor”, using primitive and simple methods of treatment, to increase their actions over patients or wounds, conspired loudly to the disease. The Magi did just not loudly, but in a whisper. However, little information in the field of medicine in the Slavs tells us a great deal. This is evidence that in ancient times the treatment was developed in ancient Slavs. At that time, the Slavs were already well aware of the danger of sap, or swelling of the salivary glands, and tried to prevent this through surgery. Due to the fact that the Slavs did not show great differences in culture at that time, the way of treating animals in all Slavs was common. Like every primitive nation, so did the Slavs, with the exception of the priests, the animals were treated by men engaged in the elderly, who, through their long lives, innate abilities and experience, have learned certain treatments, and have studied the medicinal value of herbs and other remedies, used during treatment. Subsequently, the treatment of certain species of animals goes to the people who have the greatest contact with the animals, and therefore it is shepherds, sheep farmers, keepers of dogs, poultries. Medicines were home-made herbs, then various animal products, of which today we can count part of the so-called pharmacy, then minerals and finally various magical procedures such as conspiracy.

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Ferreira, Ana Alice Salmito Noleto de Campos, Leilane Rocha Barros Dourado, Daniel Biagiotti, Natanael Pereira da Silva Santos, Daphinne Cardoso Nagib Nascimento, and Katiene Regia Silva Sousa. "Methods for classifying coefficients of variation in experimentation with poultrys." Comunicata Scientiae 9, no. 4 (January 4, 2019): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v9i4.2619.

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the coefficient of variation (CV) and to establish classification ranges for the main variables evaluated in experimentation with poultrys through different methods. The CV data of different response variables observed in poultry articles (broilers, laying hens, roosters and quails) published in five national journals were tabulated in a Microsoft Excel 2010® worksheet. Afterwards, they were subjected to normality evaluation through the Shapiro-Wilk method, and later the following data of the descriptive statistics were utilized: maximum value, minimum value, range, mean, median, standard deviation, midquartile, first quartile, third quartile, interquartile range, and pseudo sigma. According to the values obtained in the descriptive statistics of the CVs of each variable, classification ranges were elaborated for these values, considering six different forms of classification, adapted from the consulted literature. The results indicated that the classification ranges established for CVs in experiments with poultrys are different from those recommended in statistical textbooks. It is possible to utilize midquartile, pseudo sigma, mean and standard deviation through different methods in order to classify the CVs, but the use of the standard deviation promotes incoherent classifications in certain variables, and promotes increase in the amplitude between the lowest and the highest CV value obtained for the classification ranges.

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Pimenov, N. V., A. I. Laishevtcev, and V. V. Pimenova. "THE ROLE OF FARMING POULTRY’S SALMONELLA PATHOGENS IN INFECTION AND PATHOLOGY OF HUMAN DISEASE." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 62, no. 2 (February 25, 2017): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2017-02.33.

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Sodjinou, Epiphane, Arne Henningsen, and Olorounto Delphin Koudande. "Improving village poultry's survival rate through community-based poultry health management: evidence from Benin." Tropical Animal Health and Production 45, no. 1 (May 24, 2012): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0174-5.

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Barrow, P. A. "ELISAs and the serological analysis of salmonella infections in poultry: a review." Epidemiology and Infection 109, no. 3 (December 1992): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800050354.

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Large increases in the number of cases of human food-poisoning caused by salmonella have occurred in several countries in recent years. In England and Wales the annual number of bacteriologically confirmed cases rose from 10665 in 1981 to 30112 in 1990 and it is generally accepted that these figures are underestimates. The reasons for the unprecedented increase are largely unknown but may include increases in the consumption of convenience foods, poultry, and poultry products, together with a dramatic increase inSalmonella enteritidisinfections in poultry.S. enteritidisandS. typhimuriumare now the predominant serotypes both in human disease and in poultry.

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Prysyazhnyuk, V. "Medical treatment of animals in slavs in the middle ages." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 96 (December 14, 2019): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9612.

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How the treatment of animals in Galicia evolved before the first printed veterinary works appeared today is little known to tell. The reason for this is the lack of relevant historical research in this area. However, this gap will no doubt be widened over time. This work is long and exhausting, since it is based on archival research and also on literature, which refers to a specific period. These will be pieces from different spheres of life, which, after proper segregation, will make it possible to complete this chapter. The above mentioned text of the treatment of horses by Slavs since 1394 is the oldest known mention of an equine doctor, as well as the salary for surgery and payment for medication. Confirming that in medieval Galicia, both the forging and the treatment of horses belonged to the blacksmith's duties. Preparation of medicines for horses was carried out by those who treated them. The blacksmiths, who were treated, began to be called Konoval. The oldest mention is recorded on parchment in 1505, also there is a guild sign of people of this profession. This is also evidenced by the engraving, whose origins date back to the Middle Ages. Blacksmiths are in the first place in the Middle Ages like equestrian doctors, they are already mentioned in the literature from the XI century. The grooms appear near the blacksmiths, but the name of the groom began dating only in the early 13th century. Since then, there are the first written mentions of poultry, falconers and dog-keepers. They were responsible for the care and treatment of the poultries or animals that had been cared for. In addition to agricultural content, there were also guidelines for the treatment and breeding of pets. In very few cases, veterinary writers describe the signs or causes of diseases, mainly by continuing to give the name of the disease and method of treatment. Therefore, treatment is empirical in the full sense of the word. Following the custom at the time of treatment, describe the treatment of each disease, as it is today in surgery, that is, starting from the head and ending at the feet. When the doctor could not make the correct diagnosis, he called the horse sick and recommended to treat it with a mixture consisting of butter, eggs and salt. By the term “attack” the author understood the signs of a very acute and usually fatal illness. Since drugs that deserve attention, we recommend sulfur, copper greens, turpentine, mustard, quicklime, mercury, tar, used as an ointment or liniment for external treatment. In addition to the aforementioned measures, the burning of the ferrous iron of the tumors was applied and then sprinkled with green copper, indicating the treatment of cutaneous form of sap. Medicines can be divided into three groups, namely: Medicinal products of vegetable, animal and mineral origin. The medicines were mixed and prepared mainly by the horse doctor, the medicines consisted mainly of home remedies and were readily available to anyone. In the liquid form were infused into the mouth, nose, enemas, ablution, bathing. Water, wine, vinegar and olive oil are the basis for liquid medicines. Ointments, suppositories, patches, pastes and poultices were used in the condensed form, Ointments are often used in a warm state. The basis for this was fats and wax. In the form of powdered substances that have blown into the eye or wounds. In addition to the above remedies, medicinal products and magical procedures were used for therapeutic purposes: words with superstitious signs related to religious worship were used to achieve treatment. Dressings and surgical instruments. A horn was served to deliver the medication, with certain preparations filled in the horn. Wounds were washed using a copper syringe. A leather bag made of the same material has replaced today's pourer. A hoof knife, a blood dispenser, a razor to remove hair are also mentioned, and also iron for burning ulcers and eczema. The dressing material is hemp yarn, scarves, mostly blue, spartan shale.

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Ponce-Rivas, Elizabeth, María-Enriqueta Muñoz-Márquez, and Ashraf A. Khan. "Identification and Molecular Characterization of Class 1 Integrons in Multiresistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Poultry Litter." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 15 (May 25, 2012): 5444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00660-12.

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ABSTRACTThis study describes the prevalence of arrays of class 1 integron cassettes and Qnr determinants (A, B, and S) in 19 fluoroquinolone-resistantEscherichia coliisolates from chicken litter.qnrSandqnrAwere the predominant genes in these fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates, and an uncommon array ofaacA4-catB3-dfrA1gene cassettes from a class1 integron was found. Additionally,aadA1anddfrA1gene cassettes, encoding resistance to streptomycin and trimethoprim, constituted the most common genes identified and was located on megaplasmids as well on the chromosome. Antibiotic resistance, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and plasmid data suggest a genetically diverse origin of poultryE. coliisolates.

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Furdell, Elizabeth Lane. "'At the King's Arms in the Poultrey': The Bookshop Emporium of Dorman Newman 1670–1694." London Journal 23, no. 2 (November 1998): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/ldn.1998.23.2.1.

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CHRISTAKI (Ε. ΧΡΗΣΤΑΚΗ), E. "Some principles of ostriches nutrition and their products." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 52, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15402.

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The ostriches have been farmed for about 150 years in South Africa. They are flightless birds but fast runners. Adults usually weigh more than 130 kg and stand up to 2.7 m tall. Domesticated ostriches reach maturity at 2-3 years old. Theirgastrointestinal tract is more similar to that of ruminants than to poultry's. The ostriches derive a lot of energy from feed fibre through the production of volatile fatty acids, in large intestine. The ostriches tend to be a credible competitor in the red meat market because of the quality of its meat (low in cholesterol and fat, high protein) .The eggs and nearly all parts, feathers, leather and meat, of the slaughtered ostrich can be used for commercial purposes.

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Свінтицька, К. В. "САНАЦІЯ ПОВІТРЯ ВІВАРІЮ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ УЛЬТРАФІОЛЕТОВОГО ОПРОМІНЮВАННЯ." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 3 (September 27, 2012): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2012.03.40.

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Наведена можливість використання ультрафіо-летового бактерицидного опромінювача-рециркулятора закритого типу «Фіолет-Т04» длясанації птахівничих приміщень за наявності птиці.Визначено оптимальні режими роботи опроміню-вача та можливість його застосування в процесісанації повітря птахівничого приміщення. Крімтого визначено бактерицидну дію ультрафіолето-вого опромінювача на загальну мікробну забрудне-ність повітря віварію (кількість мікроорганізмів уповітрі знизилася на 28 %) та відсутність нега-тивного впливу на птицю. Збереженість поголів’ястановила 100 %. The possibility of using ultraviolet bactericidal irradiator of closedtype «Fiolet-T04» for sanitization in the poultry’s accommodationin bird’s presence hasben shown. Optimal operating conditions ofthis irradiator and its use for the sanitization of the poultry’saccommodation have been determined. It is The substantialdisinfectant effect of this irradiator on the general germ pollution inthe poultry-houses (quantity of the microorganisms decreased by28 %) and absence of the bad influence on the poultry have beenalso determined.

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Threlfall, E. J., J. A. Frost, L. R. Ward, and B. Rowe. "Plasmid profile typing can be used to subdivide phage-type 49 ofSalmonella typhimuriumin outbreak investigations." Epidemiology and Infection 104, no. 2 (April 1990): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800059410.

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SUMMARYPlasmid profile typing has been used to subdivide phage-type 49 ofSalmonella typhimurium, the most common phage type in humans in England and Wales since 1985. Twenty profile patterns have been identified in 350 strains examined.Four profile patterns have been identified in 143 isolates from patients infected in 33 epidemiologically unrelated incidents and two patterns have predominated, ST49:62 and ST49:62,1. These patterns were also common amongstS. typhimuriumphage-type 49 isolated from cattle and poultry; however ST49:62 was more common in bovines whereas ST49:62,1 predominated in poultry.S. typhimuriumphage-type 49 with a different profile pattern, ST49:62, 3, was responsible for a large outbreak in London in 1988 which was traced to mayonnaise made from eggs supplied by one producer. Plasmid profile typing can now be regarded as a method of supplementing phage typing in investigating outbreaks caused by this organism.

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49

Righi, Federico, Rosario Pitino, Carmen L. Manuelian, Marica Simoni, Afro Quarantelli, Massimo De Marchi, and Eleni Tsiplakou. "Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Poultry Performances, Health, and Oxidative Status: A Review of the Literature in the Last 20 Years." Antioxidants 10, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050659.

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Plant feed additives (PFA) such as essential oils, extracts, and by-products from plant processing can be included in poultry diets. A total of 39 peer-reviewed articles were selected from the literature published in the last 20 years (2000–2020) comparing PFA antioxidant effects with synthetic antioxidant vitamins (mainly vitamin E) in poultry nutrition. The PFA can be used as an effective nutritional strategy to face poultry’s oxidative stress with positive impact also on their productivity and efficiency. They can partially or completely replace antioxidant synthetic vitamins (the latter administered at doses between 150 and 500 mg/kg) in animal diets, sometimes affecting important physiological functions or expressing synergistic effect with the synthetic antioxidants. It is crucial to take into consideration the issues related to the absorption and the metabolism of these additives and their interaction with gut microbiota. However, some form- and dose-dependent negative effects on growth performances are observed.

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50

Chuang, Wen Yang, Yun Chen Hsieh, Li Wei Chen, and Tzu-Tai Lee. "Evaluation of the Relationship between Adipose Metabolism Patterns and Secretion of Appetite-Related Endocrines on Chicken." Animals 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081282.

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In addition to the influence of genes, the quality of poultry products is mainly controlled by the rearing environment or feed composition during rearing, and has to meet human use and economical needs. As the only source of energy for poultry, feed considerably affects the metabolic pattern of poultry and further affects the regulation of appetite-related endocrine secretion in poultry. Under normal circumstances, the accumulation of lipid in adipose reduces feed intake in poultry and increases the rate of adipose metabolism. When the adipose content in cells decreases, endocrines that promote food intake are secreted and increase nutrient concentrations in serum and cells. By regulating the balance between appetite and adipose metabolism, the poultry’s growth and posture can maintain a balanced state. In addition, increasing fiber composition in feed can effectively increase poultry welfare, body weight, lean composition and antioxidant levels in poultry. According to this, the concept that proper fiber content should be added to feed should be considered for better economic benefits, poultry welfare and meat productivity.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Poultries'

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