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Journal articles on the topic 'Poultry. 00'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Silva, Tatiana P. N. da, Héliton Pandorfi, and Cristiane Guiselini. "Energy balance in the poultry-shed system and its influence on broiler performance." Engenharia Agrícola 35, no. 4 (August 2015): 613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v35n4p613-624/2015.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the energy balance of the poultry-shed system and its effect on broiler performance during the production cycle. The experimental design was completely random with sub-divided blocks. The blocks were composed of five different types of sheds and the sub-blocks of the evaluation times (00:00 h to 23:00 h), allowing an analysis of variance and a comparison between means with the Tukey test. There were no significant differences between the mean values of the exchanges of sensible, latent and total heat between the poultry sheds but the differences for the evaluation times were significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between sheds 1 and 4 for broiler productive performance regarding weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion. Bird performance was significant (P<0.05) for the remaining poultry sheds. The productive indexes remained below the ranges considered ideal for broilers and values in the final weeks were characterized by the poor installation efficiency in controlling temperature variations and, consequently, the energy balance in the system, which adversely affected bird productive performance.

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2

Donoghue, A. M., and G. J. Wishart. "Storage of poultry semen." Animal Reproduction Science 62, no. 1-3 (August 2000): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00160-3.

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3

BIGGS, P. "Whither Poultry Disease and Research?" Veterinary Journal 160, no. 2 (September 2000): 9091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-0233(00)90497-0.

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4

Du, Xiaodong, Fengdan Lao, and Guanghui Teng. "A Sound Source Localisation Analytical Method for Monitoring the Abnormal Night Vocalisations of Poultry." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092906.

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Due to the increasing scale of farms, it is increasingly difficult for farmers to monitor their animals in an automated way. Because of this problem, we focused on a sound technique to monitor laying hens. Sound analysis has become an important tool for studying the behaviour, health and welfare of animals in recent years. A surveillance system using microphone arrays of Kinects was developed for automatically monitoring birds’ abnormal vocalisations during the night. Based on the principle of time-difference of arrival (TDOA) of sound source localisation (SSL) method, Kinect sensor direction estimations were very accurate. The system had an accuracy of 74.7% in laboratory tests and 73.6% in small poultry group tests for different area sound recognition. Additionally, flocks produced an average of 40 sounds per bird during feeding time in small group tests. It was found that, on average, each normal chicken produced more than 53 sounds during the daytime (noon to 6:00 p.m.) and less than one sound at night (11:00 p.m.–3:00 a.m.). This system can be used to detect anomalous poultry status at night by monitoring the number of vocalisations and area distributions, which provides a practical and feasible method for the study of animal behaviour and welfare.

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5

Allen, Vivien M., Janet E. L. Corry, C. H. Burton, R. T. Whyte, and G. C. Mead. "Hygiene aspects of modern poultry chilling." International Journal of Food Microbiology 58, no. 1-2 (June 2000): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00259-2.

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6

Magbanua, Benjamin S., Thomas T. Adams, and Phillip Johnston. "Anaerobic codigestion of hog and poultry waste." Bioresource Technology 76, no. 2 (January 2001): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00087-0.

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7

Rogers, Robert W. "Muscle foods: Meat, poultry and seafood technology." Trends in Food Science & Technology 6, no. 3 (March 1995): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2244(00)88989-x.

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8

O'Dwyer, J., and B. McCartan. "Poultry cooking method to reduce weight loss." Trends in Food Science & Technology 6, no. 9 (September 1995): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2244(00)89162-1.

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9

Ward, Heather A., Teresa Norat, Kim Overvad, Christina C. Dahm, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Mazda Jenab, Veronika Fedirko, et al. "Pre-diagnostic meat and fibre intakes in relation to colorectal cancer survival in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 2 (May 19, 2016): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516001859.

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AbstractImprovements in colorectal cancer (CRC) detection and treatment have led to greater numbers of CRC survivors, for whom there is limited evidence on which to provide dietary guidelines to improve survival outcomes. Higher intake of red and processed meat and lower intake of fibre are associated with greater risk of developing CRC, but there is limited evidence regarding associations with survival after CRC diagnosis. Among 3789 CRC cases in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, pre-diagnostic consumption of red meat, processed meat, poultry and dietary fibre was examined in relation to CRC-specific mortality (n 1008) and all-cause mortality (n 1262) using multivariable Cox regression models, adjusted for CRC risk factors. Pre-diagnostic red meat, processed meat or fibre intakes (defined as quartiles and continuous grams per day) were not associated with CRC-specific or all-cause mortality among CRC survivors; however, a marginal trend across quartiles of processed meat in relation to CRC mortality was detected (P 0·053). Pre-diagnostic poultry intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality among women (hazard ratio (HR)/20 g/d 0·92; 95 % CI 0·84, 1·00), but not among men (HR 1·00; 95 % CI 0·91, 1·09) (Pfor heterogeneity=0·10). Pre-diagnostic intake of red meat or fibre is not associated with CRC survival in the EPIC cohort. There is suggestive evidence of an association between poultry intake and all-cause mortality among female CRC survivors and between processed meat intake and CRC-specific mortality; however, further research using post-diagnostic dietary data is required to confirm this relationship.

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10

Kaul, Sanjana, and Geeta Sumbali. "Keratinophilic fungi from feathers of Indian poultry birds." Mycologist 14, no. 4 (November 2000): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(00)80028-2.

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11

Abreu, Paulo Giovanni de, Valéria Maria Nascimento Abreu, Arlei Coldebella, Fátima Regina Ferreira Jaenisch, and Doralice Pedroso de Paiva. "Evaluation of litter material and ventilation systems on poultry production: II. thermal comfort." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, no. 6 (June 2011): 1356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982011000600026.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate environmental thermal conditions in broiler houses with two different ventilation systems and two different litter materials. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m broiler houses, internally divided in 4 boxes/poultry house, with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each one with a duration of 42 days with 15 days of downtime between flocks. Treatments tested were two ventilation systems (stationary or oscillating fans), and two types of litter materials (soybean straw or rice husks). It was collected in the center of each pen and in the external enviroment, dry and wet bulb temperatures, black globe temperature, and air velocity. These data were collected at 3-hour intervals from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. at the fourth, fifth and sixth week age of the bird. Based on the data collected at each time, wet and globe temperature index (WBGT) and radiant heat load (RHL) were determined. Litter temperature reaings were also performed by using an infrared thermometer. Effects of flock, ventilation, week, hour and the interactions among factors on the studied variables were evaluated in the analysis of the internal thermal environment by using the theory of mixed models for repeated measures. Ventilation provided by stationary and oscilating fans had equal behavior and it did not affect the studied variable. However, both ventilation systems are sufficient to soften internal thermal conditions in the broiler house in relation to the external environment. Relative humidity of the air is higher when rice husks is used as litter material.

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12

Guerra-Rodrı́guez, E., M. Vázquez, and M. Dı́az-Raviña. "Co-composting of barley wastes and solid poultry manure." Bioresource Technology 75, no. 3 (December 2000): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00069-9.

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13

Salminen, E., J. Rintala, J. Härkönen, M. Kuitunen, H. Högmander, and A. Oikari. "Anaerobically digested poultry slaughterhouse wastes as fertiliser in agriculture." Bioresource Technology 78, no. 1 (May 2001): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00160-7.

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14

Cox, Julian M. "Salmonella enteritidis: Virulence factors and invasive infection in poultry." Trends in Food Science & Technology 6, no. 12 (December 1995): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2244(00)89219-5.

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15

Kaul, Sanjana, and Geeta Sumbali. "Keratinophilic fungi from poultry farm soils of Jammu, India." Mycologist 14, no. 2 (May 2000): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(00)80014-2.

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16

Eleroğlu, Hasan, and Ahmet Nuri Taşdemir. "Effect of Laying Time and Age-Related Change on Egg Characteristics in Brown Layer Pure Lines." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 2498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i11.2498-2506.4110.

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In this study, the Brown Layer Pure Line that housing as individual cage system at the Poultry Research Institute in Ankara was used. Eggs obtained from 24, 28, 32, 36 and 40 weeks old eggs were collected 3 times a day in the morning (10:00), noon (12:00) and evening (15:00). On a total of 427 eggs; Shape Index (SI), Egg weight (YA, g), Albumen height (AY, mm), Roche scale (RS), Haugh unit (HB), Egg Quality Classes (YKS), Shell strength (KM, N) and Shell thickness (KK, Micron) features are emphasized and colour parameters (L*, a*, b*, Hue, Ch and ΔE) of egg shell were determined. The effect of oviposition time was found significant on the Shape index, Egg weight (g), Haugh unit and Shell thickness (micron) values. However, Albumen height (mm), Egg Quality, Roche scale and Shell strength (N) were not affected by oviposition time. Among the egg shell colour parameters, a*, b*, Hue and Chrome values were affected by the oviposition time, and the calculated difference was found to be statistically significant.

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17

Dando, P., J. J. Colls, and A. P. Robertson. "Use of sprays to control particulate concentration in poultry houses." Journal of Aerosol Science 31 (September 2000): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(00)90035-1.

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18

James, C., E. O. Göksoy, J. E. L. Corry, and S. J. James. "Surface pasteurisation of poultry meat using steam at atmospheric pressure." Journal of Food Engineering 45, no. 2 (August 2000): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0260-8774(00)00048-0.

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19

McFarland, D. C. "Influence of growth factors on muscle satellite cells in poultry." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 126 (July 2000): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(00)80204-4.

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20

OLIVEIRA, FERNANDO G. DE, WANESSA M. GODOI, and ROBERTA PASSINI. "Environment in poultry production covered with thermal and aluminum roofing tiles." Engenharia Agrícola 35, no. 2 (April 2015): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v35n2p206-214/2015.

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Brazil is a country of tropical climate, a fact that hinders the poultry production in the aspect of thermal comfort. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the thermal environment in commercial poultry houses with different covers during the months of December 2012 to May 2013, in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás. The experimental design was completely randomized in split plots with factorial arrangement of treatments 2x3, being two shed models (thermal and aluminum roof tiles) and three sections within each shed (initial, central and final) for 182 days, having the days as replicates. The thermal environment was assessed through thermal comfort indices: Temperature and Humidity Index, Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index, Radiant Heat Load and Enthalpy. The data was analyzed by SISVAR 5.1., through the analysis of variance, the Scott Knott test used to compare the means, considering a significance level of 1%. The results showed a significant statistical difference between the sheds and the points assessed (P < 0.05). The thermal shed had the lowest values for the environmental variables (Dbt and Bgt) and thermal indices studied, but larger values for the RH compared to the shed with aluminum covering. The use of thermal covers minimizes the difference in temperature range throughout various times of the day, being at 14:00 o'clock the prominence time to others.

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21

Aarestrup, Frank Møller, Yvonne Agersø, Peter Ahrens, Jens Christian Østergaard Jørgensen, Mogens Madsen, and Lars Bogø Jensen. "Antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of resistance genes in staphylococci from poultry." Veterinary Microbiology 74, no. 4 (June 2000): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00197-8.

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22

La Ragione, R. "Bacillus subtilis spores competitively exclude Escherichia coli O78:K80 in poultry." Veterinary Microbiology 79, no. 2 (March 20, 2001): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00350-3.

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23

Würtz, Anne M. L., Mette D. Hansen, Anne Tjønneland, Eric B. Rimm, Erik B. Schmidt, Kim Overvad, and Marianne U. Jakobsen. "Substitutions of red meat, poultry and fish and risk of myocardial infarction." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 9 (March 7, 2016): 1571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516000507.

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AbstractRed meat has been suggested to be adversely associated with risk of myocardial infarction (MI), but previous studies have rarely taken replacement foods into consideration. We aimed to investigate optimal substitutions between and within the food groups of red meat, poultry and fish for MI prevention. We followed up 55 171 women and men aged 50–64 years with no known history of MI at recruitment. Diet was assessed by a validated 192-item FFQ at baseline. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for specified food substitutions of 150 g/week. During a median follow-up time of 13·6 years, we identified 656 female and 1694 male cases. Among women, the HR for replacing red meat with fatty fish was 0·76 (95 % CI 0·64, 0·89), whereas the HR for replacing red meat with lean fish was 1·00 (95 % CI 0·89, 1·14). Similarly, replacing poultry with fatty but not lean fish was inversely associated with MI: the HR was 0·81 (95 % CI 0·67, 0·98) for fatty fish and was 1·08 (95 % CI 0·92, 1·27) for lean fish. The HR for replacing lean with fatty fish was 0·75 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·94). Replacing processed with unprocessed red meat was not associated with MI. Among men, a similar pattern was found, although the associations were not statistically significant. This study suggests that replacing red meat, poultry or lean fish with fatty fish is associated with a lower risk of MI.

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24

Guerra-Rodrı́guez, E., M. Diaz-Raviña, and M. Vázquez. "Co-composting of chestnut burr and leaf litter with solid poultry manure." Bioresource Technology 78, no. 1 (May 2001): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00159-0.

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25

Nyakatawa, E. "Tillage, cover cropping, and poultry litter effects on selected soil chemical properties." Soil and Tillage Research 58, no. 1-2 (February 2001): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-1987(00)00183-5.

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26

Tiquia, Sonia M., Judy H. C. Wan, and Nora F. Y. Tam. "Extracellular enzyme profiles during co-composting of poultry manure and yard trimmings." Process Biochemistry 36, no. 8-9 (March 2001): 813–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-9592(00)00281-8.

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27

Hurtaud-Pessel, Dominique, Bernard Delépine, and Michel Laurentie. "Determination of four nitroimidazole residues in poultry meat by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography A 882, no. 1-2 (June 2000): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00336-8.

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28

Capita, Rosa, Carlos Alonso-Calleja, Marisa Sierra, Benito Moreno, and Marı́a del Camino Garcı́a-Fernández. "Effect of trisodium phosphate solutions washing on the sensory evaluation of poultry meat." Meat Science 55, no. 4 (August 2000): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1740(00)00002-4.

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29

Rocha e Silva, Roberta Cristina da, William Maciel Cardoso, Régis Siqueira de Castro Teixeira, Camila Muniz Cavalcante, Clarice Pessoa Almeida, Felipe Pereira Sampaio, and Francisco Sérgio Lopes Vasconcelos Filho. "Clinical signs in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix) experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum." Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 10, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/avb.2016.10.3.5691.

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Fowl typhoid a high-impact disease in the poultry industry, this study aims to verify the clinical signs of the disease in experimentally inoculated with quail Salmonella Gallinarum 54 Japanese female quails were distributed into two groups. The inoculated group (GI) SG (32 quail) and control group (CG) (16 birds). A total of six birds were euthanized before the start of the experiment, organs samples (liver, spleen, ovarian follicles, cecum and lung) were collected for the microbiological analysis. The birds of the GI group received 0,7mL of inoculum (1.5x106 CFU/mL) and birds of the CG group received 0,7 mL of saline solution. Thereafter, the quails were observed for ten consecutive days in three daily periods (8:00, 11:00 e 14:00) in order to observe clinical signs of disease. After four days of inoculation was verified prostration, apathy, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, bird's stay in the corner of the cage with closed eyes and reluctance to move (13/32). Some macroscopic changes were observed in euthanized birds with clinical signs like splenomegaly and splenic necrosis in 84,6% (11/13) and 23,0% (3/13) respectively, hepatomegaly and liver necrosis in 15,4% (2/13) e 23% (3/13) respectively, and atrophy and hemorrhage of ovarian follicles in 15,4% (2/13) and 7,7% (1/13) respectively. the birds that died was observed only hepatosplenomegaly. So we can conclude experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Gallinarum quail have the typical clinical signs of fowl typhoid observed in others birds of Galliforme order.

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30

Marois, Corinne, Fabienne Oufour-Gesbert, and Isabelle Kempf. "Detection of Mycoplasma synoviae in poultry environment samples by culture and polymerase chain reaction." Veterinary Microbiology 73, no. 4 (May 2000): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00178-4.

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31

Al-Ghamdi, M. "Residues of tetracycline compounds in poultry products in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia." Public Health 114, no. 4 (July 2000): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3506(00)00350-4.

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32

Wiseman, J. "Correlation between physical measurements and dietary energy values of wheat for poultry and pigs." Animal Feed Science and Technology 84, no. 1-2 (April 2000): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-8401(00)00107-3.

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33

Marois, Corinne, Fabienne Dufour-Gesbert, and Isabelle Kempf. "Erratum to “Detection of Mycoplasma synoviae in poultry environment samples by culture and polymerase chain reaction”." Veterinary Microbiology 76, no. 2 (September 2000): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00249-2.

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34

Roosenstein, A. M., J. W. Cone, and A. C. Beynen. "An attempt to predict protein digestibility of feedstuffs in pigs by using the values for poultry." NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 48, no. 3 (2000): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1573-5214(00)80022-6.

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35

Barakat, R. K., M. W. Griffiths, and L. J. Harris. "Isolation and characterization of Carnobacterium, Lactococcus, and Enterococcus spp. from cooked, modified atmosphere packaged, refrigerated, poultry meat." International Journal of Food Microbiology 62, no. 1-2 (December 2000): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00381-0.

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36

Ismail, S. A. S., T. Deak, H. A. Abd El-Rahman, M. A. M. Yassien, and L. R. Beuchat. "Presence and changes in populations of yeasts on raw and processed poultry products stored at refrigeration temperature." International Journal of Food Microbiology 62, no. 1-2 (December 2000): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00414-1.

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37

Borgen, Katrine, Marit Sørum, Yngvild Wasteson, and Hilde Kruse. "VanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) remain prevalent in poultry carcasses 3 years after avoparcin was banned." International Journal of Food Microbiology 64, no. 1-2 (February 2001): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00435-9.

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38

Capita, Rosa, Carlos Alonso-Calleja, Benito Moreno, and Marı́a Camino Garcı́a-Fernández. "Occurrence of Listeria species in retail poultry meat and comparison of a cultural/immunoassay for their detection." International Journal of Food Microbiology 65, no. 1-2 (April 2001): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00497-9.

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39

Würtz, Anne M. L., Mette D. Hansen, Anne Tjønneland, Eric B. Rimm, Erik B. Schmidt, Kim Overvad, and Marianne U. Jakobsen. "Substitution of meat and fish with vegetables or potatoes and risk of myocardial infarction." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 9 (October 24, 2016): 1602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516003500.

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AbstractRed meat has been suggested to be adversely associated with risk of myocardial infarction (MI), whereas vegetable consumption has been found to be protective. The aim of this study was to investigate substitutions of red meat, poultry and fish with vegetables or potatoes for MI prevention. We followed up 29 142 women and 26 029 men in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study aged 50–64 years with no known history of MI at baseline. Diet was assessed by a validated 192-item FFQ at baseline. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for MI associated with specified food substitutions of 150 g/week. During a median follow-up of 13·6 years, we identified 656 female and 1694 male cases. Among women, the HR for MI when replacing red meat with vegetables was 0·94 (95 % CI 0·90, 0·98). Replacing fatty fish with vegetables was associated with a higher risk of MI (HR 1·23; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·45), whereas an inverse, statistically non-significant association was found for lean fish (HR 0·93; 95 % CI 0·83, 1·05). Substituting poultry with vegetables was not associated with risk of MI (HR 1·00; 95 % CI 0·90, 1·11). Findings for substitution with potatoes were similar to findings for vegetables. Among men, a similar pattern was observed, but the associations were weak and mostly statistically non-significant. This study suggests that replacing red meat with vegetables or potatoes is associated with a lower risk of MI, whereas replacing fatty fish with vegetables or potatoes is associated with a higher risk of MI.

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40

Davenel, A., F. Seigneurin, G. Collewet, and H. Rémignon. "Estimation of poultry breastmeat yield: magnetic resonance imaging as a tool to improve the positioning of ultrasonic scanners." Meat Science 56, no. 2 (October 2000): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1740(00)00034-6.

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41

Tang, Shuze, Joe P. Kerry, David Sheehan, D. Joe Buckley, and Patrick A. Morrissey. "Antioxidative effect of added tea catechins on susceptibility of cooked red meat, poultry and fish patties to lipid oxidation." Food Research International 34, no. 8 (January 2001): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0963-9969(00)00190-3.

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42

Salin, Christophe, Yannick R. Delettre, Mario Cannavacciuolo, and Philippe Vernon. "Spatial distribution of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the soil of a poultry house along a breeding cycle." European Journal of Soil Biology 36, no. 2 (April 2000): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1164-5563(00)01054-2.

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43

Lemcke, R., and M. Bülte. "Occurrence of the vancomycin-resistant genes vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2 and vanC3 in Enterococcus strains isolated from poultry and pork." International Journal of Food Microbiology 60, no. 2-3 (September 2000): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00310-x.

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44

Baron, Joanna, Carolin Tarnow, Deborah Mayoli-Nüssle, Eva Schilling, Daniela Meyer, Maya Hammami, Folker Schwalm, et al. "Matriptase, HAT, and TMPRSS2 Activate the Hemagglutinin of H9N2 Influenza A Viruses." Journal of Virology 87, no. 3 (November 28, 2012): 1811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02320-12.

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ABSTRACTInfluenza A viruses of the subtype H9N2 circulate worldwide and have become highly prevalent in poultry in many countries. Moreover, they are occasionally transmitted to humans, raising concern about their pandemic potential. Influenza virus infectivity requires cleavage of the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) at a distinct cleavage site by host cell proteases. H9N2 viruses vary remarkably in the amino acid sequence at the cleavage site, and many isolates from Asia and the Middle East possess the multibasic motifs R-S-S-R and R-S-R-R, but are not activated by furin. Here, we investigated proteolytic activation of the early H9N2 isolate A/turkey/Wisconsin/1/66 (H9-Wisc) and two recent Asian isolates, A/quail/Shantou/782/00 (H9-782) and A/quail/Shantou/2061/00 (H9-2061), containing mono-, di-, and tribasic HA cleavage sites, respectively. All H9N2 isolates were activated by human proteases TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease, serine S1 member 2) and HAT (human airway trypsin-like protease). Interestingly, H9-782 and H9-2061 were also activated by matriptase, a protease widely expressed in most epithelia with high expression levels in the kidney. Nephrotropism of H9N2 viruses has been observed in chickens, and here we found that H9-782 and H9-2061 were proteolytically activated in canine kidney (MDCK-II) and chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells, whereas H9-Wisc was not. Virus activation was inhibited by peptide-mimetic inhibitors of matriptase, strongly suggesting that matriptase is responsible for HA cleavage in these kidney cells. Our data demonstrate that H9N2 viruses with R-S-S-R or R-S-R-R cleavage sites are activated by matriptase in addition to HAT and TMPRSS2 and, therefore, can be activated in a wide range of tissues what may affect virus spread, tissue tropism and pathogenicity.

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Middleton, T. F., P. R. Ferket, L. C. Boyd, H. V. Daniels, and M. L. Gallagher. "An evaluation of co-extruded poultry silage and culled jewel sweet potatoes as a feed ingredient for hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O. mossambicus)." Aquaculture 198, no. 3-4 (July 2001): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(00)00601-3.

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Fernández-Fígares, I., L. Pérez, R. Nieto, J. F. Aguilera, and C. Prieto. "The effect of heat treatment on ileal amino acid digestibility of growing broilers given vetch and bitter vetch meals." Animal Science 60, no. 3 (June 1995): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800013370.

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AbstractForty-eight 4-week-old White Rock growing chickens (mean live weight 500 (s.e. 9·3) g) were given, by crop intubation, four isoencrgetic (13·1 M] metabolizable energy (ME) per kg dry matter (DM)) and isonitrogenous (120 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM) semisynthetic diets based on vetch (V) or bitter vetch (B) seeds, untreated or antoclaved at 120°C for 30 ruin (diets V, AV, B and AB, respectively). Autoclaving of the seeds caused some changes in amino acid (AA) composition but did not reduce the availability of A As, especially of lysine.The average apparent AA digestibility values derived from ileal content were 0·75, 0·85, 0·59 and 0·85 for diets V, AV, B and AB, respectively, corresponding to true absorption values of 0·90, 1·00, 0·74 and 0·97, respectively. Although the apparent digestibility values of several AAs were relatively low (methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine and cystine), most were higher than 0·70. Heat treatment resulted in a significant increase (P < 0·05) in the AA apparent digestibility of both seeds. It is concluded that heat treatment is useful for improvement of vetch and bitter vetch seeds for inclusion in poultry diets.

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Webster, Carl D., Kenneth R. Thompson, Ann M. Morgan, Ebony J. Grisby, and Ann L. Gannam. "Use of hempseed meal, poultry by-product meal, and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for sunshine bass (Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis)." Aquaculture 188, no. 3-4 (September 2000): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(00)00338-0.

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Oakeley, Roger D. "The limitations of a feed/water based heat-stable vaccine delivery system for Newcastle disease-control strategies for backyard poultry flocks in sub-Saharan Africa." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 47, no. 4 (December 2000): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5877(00)00169-0.

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Bouatene Djakalia, Koffi Kouassi Marcel, N’goran Evelyne Patricia Abo, and Bohoua Louis Guichard. "Control of the use of Sogobalo in the production of growth feeds for broiler chickens in Cote D'ivoire." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.3.0232.

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In poultry farming, the management of feed inputs is decisive in production. This study is to optimize the feed use of sogobalo in breeding broilers to improve growth performance. To do this, five feeds different by their proportion of sogobalo were formulated and used to feed five batches of broilers in the growth phase. Each of the five batches received a specific feed. The five feeds under study consist of a growth staple supplemented respectively with 0%; 2.5%; 5%; 7.5% and 10% of sogobalo. In order to assess the effect of the supplementation rate of sogobalo, body weight, feed intake, weight gain, and consumption index and mortality rate were determined. The results showed that the animals which received the incorporation of sogobalo at 10% were the heaviest (3282 g ± 17.00). The consumption index was lower in the batch of chicken whose sogobalo supplementation was 10% (3.17 ± 1.00) compared to the other batches (3.36 ± 1.00; 3.54 ± 1, 00; 3.76 ± 1.00 and 3.95 ± 1.00 respectively for animals of the batches of 7.5%; 5%; 2.5% and 0%). The weight gain was significantly (P˂0.05) higher for the 10% supplemented group (529 g ± 10.00). No mortality was observed in the supplemented batch. On the other hand, in the control batch, a higher mortality rate (4%) was recorded. The supplementation with 10% of sogobalo optimizes the growth performance and the health of broilers.

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Smith, Claire, Winsome Ruth Parnell, Rachel Clare Brown, and Andrew Robert Gray. "Providing additional money to food-insecure households and its effect on food expenditure: a randomized controlled trial." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 8 (August 9, 2012): 1507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012003680.

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AbstractObjectivesFinancial constraint is the underpinning determinant of household food insecurity; however, there has been little research examining the impact that increasing the ‘money available’ to food-insecure households could have on food purchasing. The main objective of the present study was to examine the effect of additional money (in the form of supermarket vouchers) on food expenditure in food-insecure households with children.DesignA parallel randomized controlled trial with a 4-week baseline phase followed by a 4-week intervention phase. Households were randomized to either receive vouchers (coupons) for 4 weeks or a control group that did not receive any vouchers.SettingDunedin, New Zealand.SubjectsLow-income households with children (≤18 years) reporting food insecurity (n 214).ResultsThe mean monetary value of the vouchers received by households was $NZ 17·00 per week. The voucher group spent $NZ 15·20 (95 % CI 1·46, 28·94) more per week on food during the intervention phase compared with the control group (P = 0·030). There were no differences in expenditure between the voucher and the control group for the food groups ‘fruit and vegetables’ (mean difference: $NZ 0·46; 95 % CI −1·97, 2·89; P = 0·709), ‘meat and poultry’ (mean difference: $NZ 0·29; 95 % CI −3·07, 3·64; P = 0·866) and ‘dairy’ (mean difference: $NZ 0·82; 95 % CI −0·75, 2·42; P = 0·302).ConclusionsProviding money via supermarket vouchers to food-insecure households resulted in an increase in overall expenditure on food.

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