Relevant bibliographies by topics / Poultry fat

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Poultry fat'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Poultry fat"

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KIEL, RINARA C., JENNIFER N. MARTIN, DALE R. WOERNER, RACHEL MURPHY, IFIGENIA GEORNARAS, JENNIFER R. LEVEY, HUA YANG, ROBERT J. DELMORE, and KEITH E. BELK. "Influence of Storage Temperature, Moisture Content, and Physical Impurities on the Distribution and Survival of Salmonella enterica in Poultry Fat Intended for Pet Food Use." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 8 (July 17, 2018): 1364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-344.

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ABSTRACT Contamination of rendered products with Salmonella is a concern for the rendering industry, particularly when those products are intended for use in other foodstuffs, such as pet food. This study was conducted to understand the influence of compositional variation on the location and survivability of Salmonella in a poultry fat matrix. Specifically, this study aimed to (i) assess the influence of postinoculation time and moisture content on the distribution of Salmonella in rendered poultry fat and (ii) evaluate the impact of postinoculation time and physical parameters (i.e., impurity level and moisture content) on survival of three Salmonella strains in rendered poultry fat stored at two different temperatures. Three studies, designated as study I(a), I(b), and II, respectively, were conducted to address these objectives. In study I(a), a green fluorescent protein–expressing strain of Salmonella Typhimurium was used to map the organism within warmed (45°C) poultry fat containing various levels of moisture. In study I(b), the influence of storage temperature on the survivability of green fluorescent protein–expressing Salmonella was evaluated. In study II, the impacts of physical impurities, moisture content, and storage temperature on the survivability of three Salmonella strains (Enteritidis, Senftenberg, and Typhimurium) were assessed. The results of this study demonstrated that composition (i.e., moisture and impurity contents) influences the survivability of Salmonella in poultry fat; specifically, Salmonella is more persistent in poultry fat with a greater moisture content and water activity. Nonetheless, although composition impacts the distribution and survivability of Salmonella in poultry fat, Salmonella generally does not survive in poultry fat maintained at high temperatures (45°C and above).
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Ramalho, E. F. S. M., I. M. G. Santos, A. S. Maia, A. L. Souza, and A. G. Souza. "Thermal characterization of the poultry fat biodiesel." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 106, no. 3 (September 9, 2011): 825–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1886-x.

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Kozak, Yu A., I. G. Seregin, and S. S. Kozak. "SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF VETERINARY AND SANITARY ASSESSMENT OF POULTRY MEAT AT FORCED SLAUGHTER." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 1 (2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202101005.

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Materials on poultry veterinary rejection and forced slaughter frequency at poultry factories and veterinary and sanitary characteristics of rejected poultry meat in comparison with healthy poultry meat have been presented. Some deviations have been stated for forced slaughter poultry in sensory, physical and chemical properties and microbiological characteristics. It is determined that the meat of forced slaughtered poultry has lower commodity and quality indicators. Such meat contains more moisture and less protein and fat. An increase in the acid number is noted in fat. The biological value and harmlessness of meat of forced slaughter is lower than healthy poultry meat value. E. coli bacteria and Salmonella genera bacteria have been found, and that results sale limitations of meat. Some proposals have been developed at the base of these data on the most rational and safe usage of meat after poultry forced slaughtering.
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JEVŠNIK, MOJCA, VESNA CERKVENIK FLAJS, and DARINKA ZDENKA DOGANOC. "Evidence of Organochlorine Pesticide and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues in Slovenian Poultry Tissues from 1997 to 1999." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.10.2326.

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The contamination of poultry tissues by total organochlorine (OC) pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Slovenia was examined from a public health perspective. As part of systematic veterinary and sanitary monitoring of foods of animal origin from 1997 to 1999, 87 samples of fat tissue were examined for the presence of α-HCH, lindane, heptachlor, and total DDT (plus DDE and DDD) and 88 samples of fat tissue were examined for the presence of total PCBs (sum of PCB congeners). The levels of poultry tissue contamination in six regions of Slovenia were determined. Levels of OC pesticides were below detection limits in 86.2% of analyses performed. Total PCB levels for most samples (59.1%) of poultry fat tissue were in the 0.002- to 0.02-mg/kg range. The level of contamination with OC pesticides and total PCBs in poultry fat tissue was not influenced by the type of poultry and was the highest in samples from industrial areas, which have been ecologically disturbed. All samples met Slovenian and European Union tolerances.
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Fuller, Henry L. "The Value of Dietary Fat in Poultry Nutrition." Professional Animal Scientist 2, no. 2 (December 1986): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)32428-1.

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Goodrum, John W., Daniel P. Geller, and Thomas T. Adams. "Rheological characterization of yellow grease and poultry fat." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 79, no. 10 (October 2002): 961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-002-0587-2.

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Ramalho, E. F. S. M., J. R. Carvalho Filho, A. R. Albuquerque, S. F. de Oliveira, E. H. S. Cavalcanti, L. Stragevitch, I. M. G. Santos, and A. G. Souza. "Low temperature behavior of poultry fat biodiesel:diesel blends." Fuel 93 (March 2012): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.10.051.

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Trinetta, Valentina, Austin McDaniel, Gabriela Magossi, Umut Yucel, and Cassandra Jones. "Effects of different moisture and temperature levels on Salmonella survival in poultry fat." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 4 (June 19, 2019): 1369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz090.

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Abstract Fat products have been historically thought to have too low water activity to harbor pathogens. However, it has been recently reported that high moisture levels in fats may lead to Salmonella presence and growth. Limited research on strategies to eliminate pathogens in these environments is available, and the mechanisms contributing to microbial presence and growth are not yet well understood. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of moisture levels and storage temperatures on the growth and survival of Salmonella in poultry fat. Samples were stored for 7 d at 48°C or 76°C and remaining Salmonella was evaluated. When poultry fat was challenged with a wet high inoculum, more than a 4 log CFU/mL difference in Salmonella population was observed with 1% and 3% moisture levels at 48°C after 5 d (P < 0.05). No differences between moisture levels (P > 0.05) were observed when samples were tested with a wet low inoculum. Counts below detectable limits were observed after 24 h in samples challenged at 76°C, regardless of inoculum level. When poultry fat was stored at 48°C and inoculated with low levels of Salmonella spp., bacterial growth was influenced only by time (P < 0.05) and not affected (P > 0.05) by moisture level. However, when poultry fat was stored at 48°C and inoculated with high levels of Salmonella spp., bacterial decrease was easier (P < 0.05) in samples containing greater moisture. This research suggests that residual moisture in containers during transportation of poultry fat largely does not affect Salmonella spp. growth.
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Kolina, Yulia, Nadezhda Momot, Igor Kamliya, Aleksey Trebukhov, and Elena Shaganova. "Ways to improve poultry productivity." BIO Web of Conferences 42 (2022): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224204012.

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The article draws attention to the fact that the vitamin feed additive Introvit A+WS is an effective complex in its composition, consisting of 12 fat-and water-soluble vitamins, 18 essential and replaceable amino acids and 9 macro-and microelements that affect not only stability to various infectious diseases, but also to increase the meat productivity of young poultry. In recent years, industrially produced vitamins have become increasingly widespread, as well as feed additives used as a means of increasing animal productivity, reducing the cost of protein feed and increasing the efficiency of using feed nutrients. The vitamin feed additive Introvit A+WS in the indicated doses under production conditions had a positive effect on the weight gain of broilers and on the preservation of the poultry population, therefore, it shall be widely used in industrial poultry farming.
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Jørgensen, Andreas, Paul Bikker, and Ivan T. Herrmann. "Assessing the greenhouse gas emissions from poultry fat biodiesel." Journal of Cleaner Production 24 (March 2012): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.11.011.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Poultry fat"

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BACO, ABDUL-AZIZ ISHAK. "TALLOW FOR LAYING HENS (POULTRY, FAT, PERFORMANCE, AMINO ACIDS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188112.

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Effects of tallow supplementation on dietary nutrient and minimal amino acid utilization in the laying hen were studied in two experiments. In the first experiment diets contained six levels of animal tallow ranging from 0 to 10%. Percent egg production and egg mass were not significantly affected by tallow. Body weight was significantly increased by 2% tallow was maximum at 6%. Addition of up to 6% fat improved feed conversion without adversely affecting other production characteristics. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake increased from 305.1 to 322.4 kcal/hen/d over the range of 0 to 6% tallow with no further improvement at higher tallow levels. Maximum net energetic efficiency was obtained with 2 and 4% tallow. Ability to digest tallow declined significantly with hen age. Higher tallow ME values were obtained from calorimetry data than from digestibility measurements due to beneficial effects of tallow on digestibilities of fat and protein in the basal diet. No improvement in starch retention was observed with tallow supplementation. In the second experiment, diets containing four levels of protein (15.0, 13.6, 15.0 + methionine and 17.0%) without and with 3% tallow were fed to hens housed in an open cage house or an insulated, evaporatively cooled house. Egg production and egg mass were significantly higher in the insulated house. This study indicates that reducing total protein below the National Research Council (NRC, 1984) recommended level significantly reduced egg production by birds housed in an open house. Supplemental methionine to provide .60% TSAA was required for maximum egg production. Egg production was significantly improved with the low protein diet when 3% tallow was added; however, egg production rate supported by this combination was significantly below that obtained with the 17% protein diet either with or without added tallow. For birds housed in the insulated, evaporatively cooled house the diet based on the NRC amino acid recommendations appeared to be optimal for performance, even with a lower protein level. No additional benefits were obtained in egg production with 3% tallow in any of the diets under these housing conditions.
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Samat, Noraini. "Improvement of phytase efficacy in poultry through dietary fat supplementation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18032/.

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Phosphorus in phytate is largely unavailable to chickens unless they are provided with dietary phytase. Phytase was shown to increase phytate degradation in the crop and proventriculus-gizzard and very little phytate degradation occurred in the duodenum-jejunum or ileum. These previous investigations were conducted on chickens fed corn based diets but not with wheat based diet. Increase in digesta passage or mean retention time (MRT) along the gastrointestinal tract could enhance phytase efficacy as the prolonged reaction time between substrates and phytase may further facilitate phytate dephosphorylation. Dietary fat and fibre supplementation have been shown to influence intestinal MRT in chickens therefore it is expected that inclusion of both dietary fat and fibre could be manipulated to further improve phytase efficacy in broiler chickens. Three experiments and preliminary studies were conducted: 1) to assess the effect of methodology on estimation of phytate hydrolysis and P digestibility in young broilers and 2) to investigate whether or not dietary fat and fibre could further improve phytase efficacy in broilers fed diets containing wheat by delaying digesta MRT. In the preliminary study, in order to facilitate analysis of limited digesta samples, a sample preparation protocol involving H2SO4 digestion for sequential analysis of titanium and other minerals in feed and digesta was established. It was also found that blood protein interfered with the colorimetric analysis of P and myo-inositol, thus deproteinization is required. Continuous feeding prior to sampling was recommended to obtain adequate amount of digesta for digestibility related analyses. In the first study, feeding duration (1 h or 5 h) and 1 h feeding followed by feed withdrawal and refeeding prior to sampling significantly affected the concentration of phytate, inositol phosphates and measured degradation and digestibility of phytate-P in different segments of gastrointestinal tract, which could lead to overestimation or underestimation of degradation and digestibility values. Therefore, it is also recommended to collect digesta samples at least 3 h after the start of photoperiod and avoid sampling 4 h prior to dark period when lighting program is applied. In the second study, 5% fat inclusion had no significant effect on growth performance, while phytase supplementation at 1500 FTU/kg improved feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG). However, interactions between both factors additively increased FI from 804g to 1,221g, BWG from 630 g to 904 g, ileal phytate degradation by 44% and ileal P digestibility by 17%. Adding cellulose as filler in pellet-crumbled diet has diluted the nutrient concentration in 5% fat diet that eventually led to poorer FCR. However, phytase supplementation eliminated the negative effect of nutrient dilution by improving performance of chickens as good as those fed those fed 5% fat diet without cellulose addition. In the third study, a combination of 1500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation with 5% fat increased crop digesta MRT and improved phytate-P degradation compared to with 1% fat, providing evidence for the role of fat in improving phytase efficacy in broilers. This thesis has shown the importance of methodology standardization in estimating phytate hydrolysis and P digestibility and the role of dietary fat and fibre in improving phytase efficacy in broilers.
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Greene, Donna Mechelle. "Use of Poultry Collagen Coating and Antioxidants as Flavor Protection for Cat Foods Made with Rendered Poultry Fat." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9848.

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Poultry skins and rendered poultry fat are by-products produced in excess at rendering plants. The use of low value by-products such as poultry collagen, from poultry skins, and fat to improve flavor and quality in dry pet food could be economically attractive. This study examined a poultry collagen coating as a protective barrier against oxidation in dry cat food made with rendered poultry fat. Collagen was extracted from chicken skins, dissolved in an acidic solution, applied to dry cat food and dried to form a surface film. Six treatments were examined: kibble, kibble with fat, kibble with collagen, kibble with fat and collagen, kibble with fat, BHA/BHT and collagen and kibble with fat, tocopherol and collagen. There were two storage conditions: ‘jungle condition’ (42°C and 83% relative humidity) and ‘ambient condition’ (21°C and 51% relative humidity). In ‘jungle conditions’, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was measured over an eight-day period at day 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. In ‘ambient conditions’, TBARS was measured over a thirty-day period at day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30. Water activity and moisture contents were measured. There were significantly higher TBARS (P<0.05) for the control kibble at both storage conditions. There was significantly higher fat percentage (P<0.05) in all treatments with the additional fat coatings. Fatty acid compositions showed slight changes during storage. There were some changes in the aroma profile of the kibble with fat treatment having musty, moldy and plastic aromas at both storage conditions. The volatile aromas might be an indication of oxidation in the poultry fat.
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Desjardins, Paule. "Characterization of adipocyte adrenergic receptors in broiler chickens." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69595.

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Radioreceptor binding studies were carried out in broiler chickens in order to characterize adrenergic receptors on their abdominal fat adipocytes. The radioligands ($ sp3$H) DHA and ($ sp3$H) YOH were used to identify $ beta$- and $ alpha sb2$-adrenoceptors respectively. The determination of receptor criteria indicated that the optimal protein concentration for the simultaneous binding of both receptor types was between 0.35 and 1.0 mg/ml. Pharmacological specificity for both $ beta$- and $ alpha sb2$-adrenoceptors was demonstrated using receptor specific antagonists and an agonist. Saturation isotherms indicated that ($ sp3$H) DHA and ($ sp3$H) YOH labelled with high affinity, a homogenous population of non interacting $ beta$- and $ alpha sb2$-binding sites respectively. Scatchard analysis of the saturation data for ($ sp3$H) DHA revealed a Kd value of 8.1 nM and a Bmax value of 420 fmol/mg protein, while ($ sp3$H) YOH binding had a Kd value of 7.0 nM and a Bmax value of 68 fmol/mg protein. The variation in $ beta$- and $ alpha sb2$-adrenoceptor binding parameters was then investigated on the abdominal fat pad adipocytes of male and female broiler chickens at 4, 6 and 9 weeks of age. Scatchard analysis of the binding data for $ beta$-adrenoceptors indicated that Bmax values were greater in male and female broilers at 9 weeks of age (p $<$ 0.05) and that overall Bmax values were greater in females than in males (p $<$ 0.05). Scatchard analysis of $ alpha sb2$-adrenoceptor binding revealed that in females Bmax values remained constant but differed at all ages in males. The $ beta$-adrenoceptor Bmax values were always significantly greater (p $<$ 0.05) than the corresponding $ alpha sb2$-adrenoceptor Bmax values.
These results established for the first time the existence of adrenergic receptors on broiler chicken adipocytes using a radioreceptor binding assay. Although the physiological implication of these receptors is not known, it is a critical step toward the understanding of the influence of the adrenergic system on adipose tissue metabolism in avian species.
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Kassama, Lamin Samboujang. "Pore development in meat products during deep-fat frying." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19513.

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The relationships between moisture loss and oil uptake and their effects on porosity, pore size distribution and pore structure during deep-fat frying of chicken breast meat were investigated. Chicken meat samples were deep-fat fried in an industrial fryer. The frying oil temperatures were 170, 180 and 190°C and samples were fried for times ranging from 5 to 900 s.
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Al-Marzooqi, Waleed Said. "Use of supplemental lipase enzyme and detergent to improve fat digestion in poultry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33198.pdf.

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Lumbuenamo, Sita Ntula. "Effects of age and diet on exocrine pancreas function and fat digestibility in poultry." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184810.

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Three experiments were conducted to study changes in exocrine pancreas function in relation to age, dietary fat and digestibility in poultry. In the first experiment, 120 White Leghorn and 120 Hubbard chicks were fed a basal diet with or without 5% animal fat. Total units of lipase, amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in pancreas increased linearly with age in Hubbards from 2 to 29 days, but plateaued after 16 days in Leghorns. Hubbards showed higher total pancreatic lipase, amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities compared with Leghorns. Addition of 5% dietary fat significantly increased total lipase activity in pancreas, but decreased total amylase activity. Added fat had no well defined effect on total pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin activities. Fat digestibility in Leghorns fed the low fat diet increased significantly from 14 to 30 days of age, but not in Leghorns fed the high fat diet; while Hubbards fed both diets showed a significant decrease in fat digestibility. Fat digestibility was increased with added fat in both breeds. No direct correlation was found between nutrient digestibility and corresponding enzyme activity. In the second experiment, 80 young White Leghorn hens were fed a basal diet with or without 5% animal fat. Fat supplementation did not generally significantly affect lipase activities, but total lipase activity in pancreas decreased after 10.6 and increased after 12.7 mo in pancreata of birds fed both diets and fed the high fat diet, respectively. Fat digestibility was not affected by age, but was higher with fat supplementation. In the third experiment, 96 older White Leghorn hens were fed a basal diet with or without 5% animal fat. Total pancreatic lipase activity showed a U-shaped curve with the lowest value at 15.7 mo and increased after 15.7 mo following either natural or force molting. Fat supplementation did not significantly affect lipase activities. Amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities decreased with age from 10.2 to 15.7 mo, but were increased with fat supplementation. Fat digestibility was not affected by age, but was significantly higher with fat supplementation.
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Bowman, Alan Stuart. "The role of dietary fat in increasing egg weight in the domestic hen (Gallus dometicus)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23736.

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Smith, Natasha. "The effect of the dietary inclusion of canola oilcake, full-fat canola and sweet lupins on the production performance and fat composition of broilers and pigs." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1215.

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Gilbert, André. "The value of dietary fats for improving reproductive performance of broiler breeder chickens /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59945.

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The effects of dietary fat on the reproductive performance of broiler breeder chickens have been studied. Individually caged broiler breeders were fed diets with or without added fat during 19-wk reproductive period. In Experiment 1, only the females were subjected to dietary treatments: control (no added fat), 3% animal-vegetable fat blend (A-V fat, 3% corn oil (CO)), while the males received a non-added fat diet. In Experiment 2, only the males were fed diets containing 0 or 3% of either A-V fat or CO while the females were provided a non-added-fat diet.
In Experiment 1, added dietary fat produced significantly higher fertility and early embryonic livability. In Experiment 2, inclusion of 3% CO in the males' diets significantly increased late embryo livability and total embryo survival resulting in a significantly higher hatchability. There were no differences in semen characteristics among dietary treatments. These data indicate that the contribution of the male is not restricted to the fertilization of eggs but is also related to embryonic livability. The addition of fat significantly affected the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid fraction of the spermatozoa cells.
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Books on the topic "Poultry fat"

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Chohan, Amrit K. Nutritional evaluation of different varieties of full-fat soybeans in broiler chicken starter diets. Charlottetown: University of Prince Edward Island, 1991.

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Chohan, Amrit K. Nutritional evaluation of different varieties of full-fat soybeans in broiler chicken starter diets. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1991.

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Five fat hens: The chicken & egg cookbook. London: Grub Street, 2010.

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Okolelova, Tamara, and Syergyey YEngashyev. Scientific basis of feeding and keeping poultry. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02037-1.

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The book covers the basic principles of nutrient rationing for poultry. The data on the needs of all types of poultry, taking into account age, in nutrients, minerals and biologically active substances are given. The characteristic of the main feed means and rational norms of their inclusion in the compound feed for poultry are given. Modern data on the role of vitamins, macro- and microelements, enzyme preparations, probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics, organic acids, antioxidants, fat emulsifiers and other sources of biologically active substances in poultry nutrition are presented. Attention is paid to the main technological parameters of poultry keeping. The nutritional factors that reduce immunity, as well as the causes of the main diseases associated with the quality of feed, with violations in the rationing of nutrient, mineral and biologically active substances, the technology of feeding and keeping poultry, are described, methods of their prevention are given. Criteria for the adequacy of nutrition and maintenance of a bird to its genetic potential are stated. The book is intended for specialists and managers of poultry farms, enterprises of the feed industry, researchers, graduate students and students.
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Netzer, Corinne T. 101 low fat chicken and turkey recipes. New York: Dell Pub., 1997.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Fact sheet: Salmonella enteritidis, pathogen of people and animals. Hyattsville, MD: USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services, 1990.

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Chen, Hong, ed. Sun Dawu, wei nong min er sheng: Yi ge nong min qi ye jia de nu li yu fan si. Beijing: Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2004.

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Scott, H. D. Fate of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in broiler litter applied to tall fescue. Fayetteville, Ark: Agricultural Experiment Station, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, 1995.

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Joint, FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Microbiological Hazards in Foods (2001 Rome Italy). Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Microbiological Hazards in Foods: Risk characterization of Salmonella spp. in eggs and broiler chickens and Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods : FAO headquarters, Rome, 30 April-4 May 2001. Rome: FAO and WHO, 2001.

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name, No. Characteristics and parameters of family poultry production in Africa: Results of a FAO/IAEA co-ordinated research programme on assessment of the effectiveness of vaccination strategies against Newcastle disease and Gumboro disease using immunoassay-based technologies for increasing farmyard poultry production in Africa. [Leiden]: [Backhuys], 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Poultry fat"

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Morrissey, M. T. "Low fat and reduced fat fish products." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 321–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_16.

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Huffman, D. L., and R. D. Huffman. "Production of low fat and reduced fat ground beef." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 226–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_11.

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Smith, D. M. "Low fat and low salt poultry products." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 298–320. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_15.

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Kirton, A. H., J. N. Clarke, C. A. Morris, and P. A. Speck. "Reducing the fat content by removal of excess fat and by selection." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 118–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_7.

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Price, J. F. "Low fat/salt cured meat products." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 242–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_12.

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Dikeman, M. E. "Reducing the fat content by production practices." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 150–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_8.

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Quick, J. "Labeling of low and reduced fat/salt products." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 48–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_3.

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Shand, P. J. "Mimetic and synthetic fat replacers for the meat industry." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 191–209. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_9.

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Monahan, F. J., and D. J. Troy. "Overcoming sensory problems in low fat and low salt products." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 257–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_13.

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Pearson, A. M. "Principles and applications in production of reduced and low fat products." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 65–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Poultry fat"

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Al-Khalaifah, Hanan, Afaf Al-Nasser, and Tahani Al-Surrayai. "SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF TABLE EGGS AS AFFECTED BY FORTIFICATION OF LAYING FEED RATIONS WITH DIFFERENT FAT SOURCES." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/23.

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The major objective of this research paper was to investigate the effect of enrichment with different oil sources on the egg quality traits in laying hens. A total of 300 one-day-old pullets were used. There were seven dietary treatments of 10 % diet of the following: soybean oil (SO), sunflower oil (SFO), canola oil (CO), flaxseed oil (FLO), fish oil (FO), a mix of fish oil and soya oil (SO+FO), and DHA algal biomass oil. Each treatment contained six replicates with seven birds each. Random samples of 10 eggs per treatment were used; making 70. The organoleptic parameters included tests on smell, taste, color, and texture. The results revealed that there were no significant differences between the eggs from hens fed the different dietary treatments in terms of the organoleptic parameters used. Flaxseed oil, Fish oil and a mixture of Soy oil +Fish oil can be efficiently used to enrich poultry eggs with n-3 PUFA. However, FLO and flaxseeds can be safely used to avoid the fishy smell of poultry products, if present upon reheating
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Soloiu, Valentin, Henry Ochieng, Martin Muinos, Alejandro Rivero-Castillo, James LoBue, Gustavo Molina, Brian Vlcek, and Spencer Harp. "Poultry Fat FAME Biodiesel Blends Characteristics and Performance in an IDI Engine for APU Applications." In SAE 2014 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1265.

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Volovik, V. T., S. E. Sergeeva, T. V. Leonidova, and L. M. Korovina. "Direction of the breeding of surpits in Federal Scientific Center for Forage Production and Agroecology named after V.R.Williams." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-114.

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As a result of breeding work in FWTC FPA created by varieties of spring (Svetlana, Nadezhda) and winter Brassica rapa (Sarja) with a fiber content of between 6.4 and 7.3%, fat content of 43.2-46.7% protein 23.5-24.5 cm%, a growing period of 76-88 days, seed yield between 2.5 (spring) to 3.5 t/ha (winter). The low content of glucosinolates and fiber in seeds allows the use of cake and meal in the diets of animals and poultry in high standards. The created varieties are in demand by production.
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Bobeck, Elizabeth. "Bioactive lipids and related nutrients in companion animal and poultry diets for reducing inflammation and improving immunity." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vqxl3869.

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Beyond meeting nutritional requirements for growth and maintenance, select dietary ingredients can have additional effects, intended or not, on animal physiology and immune function. Diets can be enriched to benefit the animal, and a dual benefit can be achieved in the case of enriching animal products for the downstream human consumer. Many immune-altering nutrients are fat-soluble, including Vitamin E and D. Importantly, dietary lipids themselves can impact immune function; therefore, a focused and intentional selection of specific dietary fats, specifically omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), is one method to alter inflammatory cascades in animals consuming the diet. Examples of other related ingredients to which the immune system is responsive include zinc and probiotics. While work in human, livestock, and companion animal models is working to identify therapeutic inclusion rates for these nutrients and ingredients, it should be noted that physiological alterations are seen in both over and under-inclusion and are nutrient-specific. For example, inclusion above currently recommended levels may optimize immune function and reduce inflammation in the case of vitamin D or omega-3 PUFA, while for zinc, additional pharmacological supplementation above requirements may inhibit immune function. Importantly, when a diet is formulated to reduce overall systemic inflammation, it must be considered that important “background” functions of the immune system, including monitoring for and clearing pathogenic microbial populations, may be down-regulated due to a general reduction in immune reactivity. Continued work to understand how diet and nutrition impact immunity, and how to balance inflammation through nutrition, is an area of active research and will inform downstream users how to best use data to impact consumers of that feed in desirable ways.
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Soloiu, Valentin, David Nelson, April Covington, and Jeff Lewis. "Investigations of a Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Poultry Fat in a Triple Vortex Separate Combustion Chamber Diesel Engine Stage One-Combustion Investigations." In SAE 2011 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1188.

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Nadalian, Mehdi, Salma Mohamad Yusop, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha, Mohd Azri Azman, and Abdul Salam Babji. "Extraction and characterization of elastin from poultry skin." In THE 2013 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2013 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4858735.

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Iskandar, Mukhamad Nur, Melinska Ayu Febrianti, Chancard Basumerda, and Qurtubi. "Healthy Co-Fan: Temperature Stabilizer and Smell Remover in Poultry Cage to Increase Productivity of Poultry Farms." In 2021 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasa53625.2021.9681923.

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Dr. Gary K. Felton, Dr. Lewis E. Carr, and Mr. Mathew J. Habersack. "Nutrient Fate and Transport Associated with Poultry Litter Stock Piles." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.13819.

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Lopes, Vinícius C., Roberto Felício de Oliveira, and Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto. "Towards an IoT-Based Architecture for Monitoring andAutomated Decision-Making in an Aviary Environment." In Congresso Brasileiro de Agroinformática. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbiagro.2021.18404.

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Internet of Things (IoT) is a prominent technology in which everyday objects can be equipped with identifying, sensing, networking, and processing capabilities that allow them to communicate with each another and with other devices and services over the Internet to achieve some goal. In agribusiness, the use of technologies, such as IoT, is called precision livestock farming, which includes the use of different technologies in production and care of livestock animals. Brazil is one of the largest poultry producers in the world, being the first in exportation. Despite that, poultry production faces difficulties due to sensitivity that birds have to numerous environmental factors in aviaries, such as lightning, sounds, harmful gases, air humidity, food quality and clean water. When these variables are not well controlled, problems in meat quality and poultry production are likely to occur. As a result, farmers may face severe financial losses. Thus, providing a healthy environment is essential, and to achieve this, accurate monitoring and fast decision making are required in order to solve the problem as soon as possible. In this paper a detailed process of requirements elicitation and architectural design for IoT-Based aviary monitoring systems is proposed along with an informal literature review from the area. As preliminary results, we delivered a requirements document with functional and nonfunctional requirements closer to the real needs of farmers and an architectural proposal that can be used as a reference for further studies.
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Chitikela, S. Rao, and William F. Ritter. "Ammonia Emissions from Poultry Houses and Its Fate - A Modeling Study." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)144.

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Reports on the topic "Poultry fat"

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Tao, Yang, Victor Alchanatis, and Yud-Ren Chen. X-ray and stereo imaging method for sensitive detection of bone fragments and hazardous materials in de-boned poultry fillets. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695872.bard.

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As Americans become increasingly health conscious, they have increased their consumptionof boneless white and skinless poultry meat. To the poultry industry, accurate detection of bonefragments and other hazards in de-boned poultry meat is important to ensure food quality andsafety for consumers. X-ray imaging is widely used for internal material inspection. However,traditional x-ray technology has limited success with high false-detection errors mainly becauseof its inability to consistently recognize bone fragments in meat of uneven thickness. Today’srapid grow-out practices yield chicken bones that are less calcified. Bone fragments under x-rayshave low contrast from meat. In addition, the x-ray energy reaching the image detector varieswith the uneven meat thickness. Differences in x-ray absorption due to the unevenness inevitablyproduce false patterns in x-ray images and make it hard to distinguish between hazardousinclusions and normal meat patterns even by human visual inspection from the images.Consequently, the false patterns become camouflage under x-ray absorptions of variant meatthickness in physics, which remains a major limitation to detecting hazardous materials byprocessing x-ray images alone.Under the support of BARD, USDA, and US Poultry industries, we have aimed todeveloping a new technology that uses combined x-ray and laser imaging to detect bonefragments in de-boned poultry. The technique employs the synergism of sensors of differentprinciples and has overcome the deficiency of x-rays in physics of letting x-rays work alone inbone fragment detection. X-rays in conjunction of laser-based imaging was used to eliminatefalse patterns and provide higher sensitivity and accuracy to detect hazardous objects in the meatfor poultry processing lines.Through intensive research, we have met all the objectives we proposed during the researchperiod. Comprehensive experiments have proved the concept and demonstrated that the methodhas been capable of detecting frequent hard-to-detect bone fragments including fan bones andfractured rib and pulley bone pieces (but not cartilage yet) regardless of their locations anduneven meat thickness without being affected by skin, fat, and blood clots or blood vines.
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Halevy, Orna, Sandra Velleman, and Shlomo Yahav. Early post-hatch thermal stress effects on broiler muscle development and performance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597933.bard.

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In broilers, the immediate post-hatch handling period exposes chicks to cold or hot thermal stress, with potentially harmful consequences to product quantity and quality that could threaten poultry meat marketability as a healthy, low-fat food. This lower performance includes adverse effects on muscle growth and damage to muscle structure (e.g., less protein and more fat deposition). A leading candidate for mediating the effects of thermal stress on muscle growth and development is a unique group of skeletal muscle cells known as adult myoblasts (satellite cells). Satellite cells are multipotential stem cells that can be stimulated to follow other developmental pathways, especially adipogenesis in lieu of muscle formation. They are most active during the first week of age in broilers and have been shown to be sensitive to environmental conditions and nutritional status. The hypothesis of the present study was that immediate post-hatch thermal stress would harm broiler growth and performance. In particular, growth characteristics and gene expression of muscle progenitor cells (i.e., satellite cells) will be affected, leading to increased fat deposition, resulting in long-term changes in muscle structure and a reduction in meat yield. The in vitro studies on cultured satellite cells derived from different muscle, have demonstrated that, anaerobic pectoralis major satellite cells are more predisposed to adipogenic conversion and more sensitive during myogenic proliferation and differentiation than aerobic biceps femoris cells when challenged to both hot and cold thermal stress. These results corroborated the in vivo studies, establishing that chronic heat exposure of broiler chicks at their first two week of life leads to impaired myogenicity of the satellite cells, and increased fat deposition in the muscle. Moreover, chronic exposure of chicks to inaccurate temperature, in particular to heat vs. cold, during their early posthatch periods has long-term effects of BW, absolute muscle growth and muscle morphology and meat quality. The latter is manifested by higher lipid and collagen deposition and may lead to the white striping occurrence. The results of this study emphasize the high sensitivity of muscle progenitor cells in the early posthatch period at a time when they are highly active and therefore the importance of rearing broiler chicks under accurate ambient temperatures. From an agricultural point of view, this research clearly demonstrates the immediate and long-term adverse effects on broiler muscling and fat formation due to chronic exposure to hot stress vs. cold temperatures at early age posthatch. These findings will aid in developing management strategies to improve broiler performance in Israel and the USA. BARD Report - Project4592 Page 2 of 29
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Gachot, Sebastien, Carmine Paolo De Salvo, and Gonzalo Rondinone. Analysis of Agricultural Policies in Jamaica (2015-2019). Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003901.

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The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in Jamaicas economic development by contributing to employment (15.93% of the active population in 2019; higher than the regional average) and exports (18% of total exports in 2019). This monograph offers an update of the Producer Support Estimate (PSE) methodology applied to Jamaica for the period 2015-2019 and documents the evolution of agricultural policies-related GHG emissions over the same period. Between 2015 and 2019, the market price support remained, by far, the main PSE component in Jamaica, heavily concentrated in the poultry subsector, followed by sugar. The positive trend in non-distorting General Service Support Estimate (GSSE) observed between 2012 and 2014 came to a halt. %GSSE even slightly decreased between 2015 and 2019, making Jamaica lag even further behind other countries. Concerning the GHG emissions, the picture has not changed significantly either. The poultry and sugar subsectors remained those that received most policy support and those that emitted the most. Several policy recommendations arise from this report, such as a shift away from an over-reliance of policy support on MPS and an increased focus on less-distortive forms of support, such as GSSE. Additional R&D investments, physical infrastructures, climate risk management systems would help address some of the agricultural sectors most pressing productivity and profitability issues. Lastly, it is advisable to diversify and rebalance the support provided by agricultural policies across subsectors to better align agricultural policy goals with GHG emissions reduction objective.
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Willis, C., F. Jorgensen, S. A. Cawthraw, H. Aird, S. Lai, M. Chattaway, I. Lock, E. Quill, and G. Raykova. A survey of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and antimicrobial resistance in frozen, part-cooked, breaded or battered poultry products on retail sale in the United Kingdom. Food Standards Agency, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xvu389.

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Frozen, breaded, ready-to-cook chicken products have been implicated in outbreaks of salmonellosis. Some of these outbreaks can be large. For example, one outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis involved 193 people in nine countries between 2018 and 2020, of which 122 cases were in the UK. These ready-to-cook products have a browned, cooked external appearance, which may be perceived as ready-to-eat, leading to mishandling or undercooking by consumers. Continuing concerns about these products led FSA to initiate a short-term (four month), cross-sectional surveillance study undertaken in 2021 to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in frozen, breaded or battered chicken products on retail sale in the UK. This study sought to obtain data on AMR levels in Salmonella and E. coli in these products, in line with a number of other FSA instigated studies of the incidence and nature of AMR in the UK food chain, for example, the systematic review (2016). Between the beginning of April and the end of July 2021, 310 samples of frozen, breaded or battered chicken products containing either raw or partly cooked chicken, were collected using representative sampling of retailers in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland based on market share data. Samples included domestically produced and imported chicken products and were tested for E. coli (including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, colistin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant E. coli) and Salmonella spp. One isolate of each bacterial type from each contaminated sample was randomly selected for additional AMR testing to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a range of antimicrobials. More detailed analysis based on Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data was used to further characterise Salmonella spp. isolates and allow the identification of potential links with human isolates. Salmonella spp. were detected in 5 (1.6%) of the 310 samples and identified as Salmonella Infantis (in three samples) and S. Java (in two samples). One of the S. Infantis isolates fell into the same genetic cluster as S. Infantis isolates from three recent human cases of infection; the second fell into another cluster containing two recent cases of infection. Countries of origin recorded on the packaging of the five Salmonella contaminated samples were Hungary (n=1), Ireland (n=2) and the UK (n=2). One S. Infantis isolate was multi-drug resistant (i.e. resistant to three different classes of antimicrobials), while the other Salmonella isolates were each resistant to at least one of the classes of antimicrobials tested. E. coli was detected in 113 samples (36.4%), with counts ranging from <3 to >1100 MPN (Most Probable Number)/g. Almost half of the E. coli isolates (44.5%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 20.0% of E. coli isolates. E. coli isolates demonstrating the ESBL (but not AmpC) phenotype were detected in 15 of the 310 samples (4.8%) and the AmpC phenotype alone was detected in two of the 310 samples (0.6%) of chicken samples. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing showed that five of the 15 (33.3%) ESBL-producing E. coli carried blaCTX-M genes (CTX-M-1, CTX-M-55 or CTX-M-15), which confer resistance to third generation cephalosporin antimicrobials. One E. coli isolate demonstrated resistance to colistin and was found to possess the mcr-1 gene. The five Salmonella-positive samples recovered from this study, and 20 similar Salmonella-positive samples from a previous UKHSA (2020/2021) study (which had been stored frozen), were subjected to the cooking procedures described on the sample product packaging for fan assisted ovens. No Salmonella were detected in any of these 25 samples after cooking. The current survey provides evidence of the presence of Salmonella in frozen, breaded and battered chicken products in the UK food chain, although at a considerably lower incidence than reported in an earlier (2020/2021) study carried out by PHE/UKHSA as part of an outbreak investigation where Salmonella prevalence was found to be 8.8%. The current survey also provides data on the prevalence of specified AMR bacteria found in the tested chicken products on retail sale in the UK. It will contribute to monitoring trends in AMR prevalence over time within the UK, support comparisons with data from other countries, and provide a baseline against which to monitor the impact of future interventions. While AMR activity was observed in some of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. examined in this study, the risk of acquiring AMR bacteria from consumption of these processed chicken products is low if the products are cooked thoroughly and handled hygienically.
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Leach, Roland M., Mark Pines, Carol V. Gay, and Shmuel Hurwitz. In vivo and in vitro Chondrocyte Metabolism in Relationship to the Developemnt of Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Broiler Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568090.bard.

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Skeletal deformities are a significant financial and welfare problem for the world poultry industry. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is the most prevalent skeletal abnormality found in young broilers, turkeys and ducks. Tibial dyschondroplasia results from a perturbation of the sequence of events in the epiphyseal growth plate, the tissue responsible for longitudinal bone growth. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that TD was the result of a failure of growth plate chondrocytes to differentiate and express the chemotactic molecules required for cartilage vascularization. In this investigation in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical techniques were used to study chondrocyte gene products associated with cartilage maturation and vascularization such as osteopontin, osteonectin, type X collagen, and alkaline phosphatase. All markers were present in the growth plate tissue anter or to the TD lesion but were greatly diminished in the TD lesion. Thus, rather than not acquiring the markers for hypertrophy, it appears that the growth plate chondrocytes reach a certain stage of hypertrophy and then de-differentiate into cells which resemble chondrocytes in the prehypertrophic zone. Similar patterns were observed in all TD tissues examined whether the lesions were spontaneous or induced by dietary treatments or genetic selection. The decrease in gene expression can at least be partially explained by the fact that many of the dysplastic chondrocytes show classic signs of apoptosis. These results provide an explanation for the observation that a variety of genes show reduced expression in the TD lesion when examined by in situ hybridization. This would suggest that future research should focus on the earliest detectable stages in the development of TD and examine endocrine and autocrine factors which cause chondrocytes to de-differentiate and undergo premature apoptosis.
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Lahav, Ori, Albert Heber, and David Broday. Elimination of emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from confined animal and feeding operations (CAFO) using an adsorption/liquid-redox process with biological regeneration. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695589.bard.

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The project was originally aimed at investigating and developing new efficient methods for cost effective removal of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO), in particular broiler and laying houses (NH₃) and hog houses (H₂S). In both cases, the principal idea was to design and operate a dedicated air collection system that would be used for the treatment of the gases, and that would work independently from the general ventilation system. The advantages envisaged: (1) if collected at a point close to the source of generation, pollutants would arrive at the treatment system at higher concentrations; (2) the air in the vicinity of the animals would be cleaner, a fact that would promote animal growth rates; and (3) collection efficiency would be improved and adverse environmental impact reduced. For practical reasons, the project was divided in two: one effort concentrated on NH₃₍g₎ removal from chicken houses and another on H₂S₍g₎ removal from hog houses. NH₃₍g₎ removal: a novel approach was developed to reduce ammonia emissions from CAFOs in general, and poultry houses in particular. Air sucked by the dedicated air capturing system from close to the litter was shown to have NH₃₍g₎ concentrations an order of magnitude higher than at the vents of the ventilation system. The NH₃₍g₎ rich waste air was conveyed to an acidic (0<pH<~5) bubble column reactor where NH₃ was converted to NH₄⁺. The reactor operated in batch mode, starting at pH 0 and was switched to a new acidic absorption solution just before NH₃₍g₎ breakthrough occurred, at pH ~5. Experiments with a wide range of NH₃₍g₎ concentrations showed that the absorption efficiency was practically 100% throughout the process as long as the face velocity was below 4 cm/s. The potential advantages of the method include high absorption efficiency, lower NH₃₍g₎ concentrations in the vicinity of the birds, generation of a valuable product and the separation between the ventilation and ammonia treatment systems. A small scale pilot operation conducted for 5 weeks in a broiler house showed the approach to be technically feasible. H₂S₍g₎ removal: The main goal of this part was to develop a specific treatment process for minimizing H₂S₍g₎ emissions from hog houses. The proposed process consists of three units: In the 1ˢᵗ H₂S₍g₎ is absorbed into an acidic (pH<2) ferric iron solution and oxidized by Fe(III) to S⁰ in a bubble column reactor. In parallel, Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II). In the 2ⁿᵈ unit Fe(II) is bio-oxidized back to Fe(III) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (AF).In the 3ʳᵈ unit S⁰ is separated from solution in a gravity settler. The work focused on three sub-processes: the kinetics of H₂S absorption into a ferric solution at low pH, the kinetics of Fe²⁺ oxidation by AF and the factors that affect ferric iron precipitation (a main obstacle for a continuous operation of the process) under the operational conditions. H₂S removal efficiency was found higher at a higher Fe(III) concentration and also higher for higher H₂S₍g₎ concentrations and lower flow rates of the treated air. The rate limiting step of the H₂S reactive absorption was found to be the chemical reaction rather than the transition from gas to liquid phase. H₂S₍g₎ removal efficiency of >95% was recorded with Fe(III) concentration of 9 g/L using typical AFO air compositions. The 2ⁿᵈ part of the work focused on kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation by AF. A new lab technique was developed for determining the kinetic equation and kinetic parameters (KS, Kₚ and mₘₐₓ) for the bacteria. The 3ʳᵈ part focused on iron oxide precipitation under the operational conditions. It was found that at lower pH (1.5) jarosite accumulation is slower and that the performance of the AF at this pH was sufficient for successive operation of the proposed process at the H₂S fluxes predicted from AFOs. A laboratory-scale test was carried out at Purdue University on the use of the integrated system for simultaneous hydrogen sulfide removal from a H₂S bubble column filled with ferric sulfate solution and biological regeneration of ferric ions in a packed column immobilized with enriched AFbacteria. Results demonstrated the technical feasibility of the integrated system for H₂S removal and simultaneous biological regeneration of Fe(III) for potential continuous treatment of H₂S released from CAFO. NH₃ and H₂S gradient measurements at egg layer and swine barns were conducted in winter and summer at Purdue. Results showed high potential to concentrate NH₃ and H₂S in hog buildings, and NH₃ in layer houses. H₂S emissions from layer houses were too low for a significant gradient. An NH₃ capturing system was designed and tested in a 100-chicken broiler room. Five bell-type collecting devices were installed over the litter to collect NH₃ emissions. While the air extraction system moved only 10% of the total room ventilation airflow rate, the fraction of total ammonia removed was 18%, because of the higher concentration air taken from near the litter. The system demonstrated the potential to reduce emissions from broiler facilities and to concentrate the NH₃ effluent for use in an emission control system. In summary, the project laid a solid foundation for the implementation of both processes, and also resulted in a significant scientific contribution related to AF kinetic studies and ferrous analytical measurements.
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