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Journal articles on the topic 'Poultry Feed utilization efficiency'
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1
Blair, Robert, and Sazzad M. Hossain. "Outlook on the Feeding of Poultry." Outlook on Agriculture 26, no. 2 (June 1997): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709702600210.
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The future feeding of poultry is considered under two scenarios: one relating to developed regions where the feed supply is secure, and the other relating to some developing regions where it is less certain. No major changes are anticipated in regions with an ample supply of conventional feed ingredients, but significant changes are likely in regions which are attempting to expand their poultry industries with an inadequate indigenous supply of conventional feedstuffs. They will have to rely on strategies to improve protein utilization, such as supplementation with amino acids or the use of proteases, or strategies to improve energy utilization, such as the use of enzymes or unconventional feed sources. In developing countries, meanwhile, likely developments include the emergence of a feed manufacturing infrastructure to support the various sectors of the poultry industry and the more widespread adoption of integrated plant/poultry/soil production systems that emphasize economic efficiency and sustainability.
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Singh, Amit Kumar, and Woo Kyun Kim. "Effects of Dietary Fiber on Nutrients Utilization and Gut Health of Poultry: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010181.
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Many fibrous ingredients incorporated in poultry feed to reduce production costs have low digestibility and cause poor growth in poultry. However, all plant-based fibers are not equal, and thus exert variable physiological effects on the birds, including but not limited to, digestibility, growth performance, and microbial fermentation. Several types of fibers, especially oligosaccharides, when supplemented in poultry diets in isolated form, exhibit prebiotic effects by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota, modulating gut immunity, boosting intestinal mucosal health, and increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the gut. Recently, poultry producers are also facing the challenge of limiting the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in poultry feed. In addition to other alternatives in use, exogenous non-starch polysaccharides digesting enzymes (NSPase) and prebiotics are being used to provide substrates to support the gut microbiome. We also conducted a meta-analysis of different studies conducted in similar experimental conditions to evaluate the variability and conclusiveness in effects of NSPase on growth performance of broilers fed fibrous ingredients. This review presents a holistic approach in discussing the existing challenges of incorporating high-fiber ingredients in poultry feed, as well as strategies to fully utilize the potential of such ingredients in improving feed efficiency and gut health of poultry.
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Leenstra, F. R., and D. A. Ehlhardt. "Breeding goals for intensive but sustainable poultry meat production." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 42, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v42i1.614.
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The effects of selecting male parent breeding stock for efficiency of feed utilization (EFU) were compared with those of selection for body weight (BW). Selection for EFU resulted in an improved feed and protein efficiency at a certain fixed body weight when compared with BW selection. Correlated effects of selection for EFU (slaughter yield, viability, parent stock fertility) were favourable. For sustainable poultry meat production, losses in the production cycle through manure, slaughter offals and mortality should be minimized. The results of experimental selection indicate that selection for EFU may be a useful tool towards decreasing losses in poultry meat production.
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Abd El-Hack, Mohamed E., Mahmoud Alagawany, Hazem Shaheen, Dalia Samak, Sarah I. Othman, Ahmed A. Allam, Ayman E. Taha, et al. "Ginger and Its Derivatives as Promising Alternatives to Antibiotics in Poultry Feed." Animals 10, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030452.
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Poultry enterprises have sustained rapid development through the last three decennaries. For which reason, higher utilization of antibacterial, either as therapeutic or growth promoting agents, has been accepted. Owing to the concern of developing bacterial resistance among populations towards antibiotic generations, accumulation of antibacterial remaining’s in chicken products and elevating shopper request for outcomes without antibacterial remaining’s, looking for unconventional solutions that could exchange antibacterial without influencing productiveness or product characters. Using natural alternatives including ginger, garlic prebiotics, organic acids, plant extracts, etheric oils and immune stimulants have been applied to advance the performance, hold poultry productiveness, prevent and control the enteric pathogens and minimize the antibacterial utilization in the poultry production in recent years. The use of a single replacement or ideal assemblage of different choices besides good supervision and livestock welfare may play a basic role in maximizing benefits and preserving poultry productiveness. The object of this review was to support an outline of the recent knowledge on the use of the natural replacements (ginger and its derivatives) in poultry feed as feed additives and their effects on poultry performance, egg and meat quality, health as well as the economic efficiency.
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Alemi, F., M. Shivazad, M. Zaghari, H. Moravej, A. Mahdavi, S. A. Hosseini, A. Mahdavi, and S. Savar Sofla. "Dietary digestible lysine immune responses and carcass nitrogen of broiler chickens in starter period." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200030611.
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lysine is an essential amino acid that promotes normal growth by helping to maintain the proper protein balance in the body. Most vegetable protein sources used in poultry diet formulations are moderate to low in lysine contents; hence supplementation with lysine is inevitable in growing broilers to ensure rapid growth and optimum efficiency of feed utilization. Adequate supply of nutrients during the starter improves gut development and could result in long term improvements in feed utilization. In order to evaluate the effect of different digestible lysine dietary levels on growth and immune response in starter, this experiment was done.
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Pasaribu, Tiurma. "Efforts to Improve the Quality of Palm Kernel Cake through Fermentation Technology and Enzyme Addition for Poultry." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 28, no. 3 (December 12, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v28i3.1820.
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Palm kernel cake (PKC) with the protein content 14-21% and crude fiber about 17.63% is a by product of palm kernel oil. Utilization of PKC as source of protein for poultry feed is still limited. While demand of feed is getting increased. Therefore, the technology to improve PKC quality is needed to optimalize using PKC. This paper inform any efforts to improve the quality of PKC through fermentation technology and addition of enzymes and their utilization as poultry feed ingredient. Fermentation process of PKC can be done using single bacteria, mold or combination of them. By fermentation technology, the protein of PKC increased up to 88% (from 13-15% to 16-28%) and crude fiber decreased by 28% (from 17 to 12.21%). Palm kernel cake after fermentation can substitute soybean meal up to 18%, can be used up to 21% in broiler ration, and up to 25% in layer ration. Enzyme addition could increase metabolisable energy. Fermented PKC and enzyme addition can improve feed efficiency and feed conversion, and reduce abdominal fat in the broiler. Fermentation technology and addition of enzyme to PKC could improve the nutritional quality of PKC.
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Onabanjo, R. S. "Performance, nutrient digestibility and feed cost benefit of finisher broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with Crina poultry plus." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i1.1311.
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A study was carried out to determine the effect of Crina Poultry Plus®, a natural blend of essential oils and benzoic acid. on the growth performance, carcass yield and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. Six treatment diets were formulated by the addition of Crina Poultry Plus (CPP®) at 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6g/kg of feed. Two hundred and forty day-old chicks were allocated to the six dietary treatments with each treatment having four replicates. Each replicate had 10 broilers. The parameters measured were live weight, live weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, protein efficiency ratio, carcass and organ characteristics, nutrient utilization and feed cost benefit. Results of growth performance showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) across the treatment groups, but birds fed diets supplemented with CPP® had significantly heavier body weight (BW), higher average daily weigh gain live weight gain and similar feed conversion ratio when compared with the control group. The dressing percentage, thigh, drum stick, breast cut and back cut were not significantly (P>0.05) different across the treatment groups but those fed diet supplemented with CPP® had higher values when compared with the control diet. The supplementation of CPP® improved nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Birds fed diet containing 0.6g of CPP® had numerically lower cost per kg of weight gained compared to other treatment groups. It can be concluded that the addition of 0.6 g CPP® in broiler diets improved performance, carcass, organ characteristics and nutrient utilization of broilers.
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GIANNENAS (Η. ΓΙΑΝΝΕΝΑΣ), I. A. "Organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 57, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15009.
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In this review article, the use of organic acids as feed additives is being examined in pig and poultry nutrition. The aim of this article was to evaluate the effect of organic acids and their salts on pig and poultry performance, to describe the organic acids used in animal nutrition, to discuss the route of administration and to investigate the mode of their action. The most widely used organic acids are formic, acetic, propionic, fumarie, citric, sorbic and butyric acid, and their salts as well. These organic acids are administered mainly through the feed, but they may be administered through the drinking water as well. Successful utilization of organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition requires knowledge of their mode of action. It is generally accepted that organic acids and their salts lower feed and gastric pH, increasing the activity of proteolytic enzymes and, thus, improving protein digestion. Besides, they reduce the buffering capacity of the feeds, resulting in reduced intestinal colonization with pathogens. They also improve the apparent digestibility of proteins and amino acids, increase the absorption of minerals and affect the composition of intestinal microflora and mucosal morphology. Relevant experimentations suggest that the organic acids improve growth rate and feed efficiency ratio in weaned piglets and fattening pigs. Also, the organic acids improve the performance of broiler chickens when used in relatively high doses, whereas, in laying hens, they improve the absorption of macroelements, like phosphorus and calcium. The present article suggests that after the recent ban on the use of the antibiotic growth promoting substances by the EU, the use of organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition appears to be an interesting alternative. However, the effect of organic acids on performance of pigs and poultry varies considerably and, thus, further research is needed for a better understanding of the mode of action and the efficacy of these compounds.
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Maki, Joel J., Cassidy L. Klima, Matthew J. Sylte, and Torey Looft. "The Microbial Pecking Order: Utilization of Intestinal Microbiota for Poultry Health." Microorganisms 7, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7100376.
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The loss of antibiotics as a tool to improve feed efficiency in poultry production has increased the urgency to understand how the microbiota interacts with animals to impact productivity and health. Modulating and harnessing microbiota-host interactions is a promising way to promote poultry health and production efficiencies without antibiotics. In poultry, the microbiome is influenced by many host and external factors including host species, age, gut compartment, diet, and environmental exposure to microbes. Because so many factors contribute to the microbiota composition, specific knowledge is needed to predict how the microbiome will respond to interventions. The effects of antibiotics on microbiomes have been well documented, with different classes of antibiotics having distinctive, specific outcomes on bacterial functions and membership. Non-antibiotic interventions, such as probiotics and prebiotics, target specific bacterial taxa or function to enhance beneficial properties of microbes in the gut. Beneficial bacteria provide a benefit by displacing pathogens and/or producing metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids or tryptophan metabolites) that promote poultry health by improving mucosal barrier function or immune function. Microbiota modulation has been used as a tool to reduce pathogen carriage, improve growth, and modulate the immune system. An increased understanding of how the microbiota interacts with animal hosts will improve microbiome intervention strategies to mitigate production losses without the need for antibiotics.
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Vollmar, Solveig, Robin Wellmann, Daniel Borda-Molina, Markus Rodehutscord, Amélia Camarinha-Silva, and Jörn Bennewitz. "The Gut Microbial Architecture of Efficiency Traits in the Domestic Poultry Model Species Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) Assessed by Mixed Linear Models." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 7 (May 29, 2020): 2553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401424.
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It is well known that mammals and avian gut microbiota compositions are shaped by the host genomes and affect quantitative traits. The microbial architecture describes the impact of the microbiota composition on quantitative trait variation and the number and effect distribution of microbiota features. In the present study the gut microbial architecture of feed-related traits phosphorus and calcium utilization, daily gain, feed intake and feed per gain ratio in the domestic poultry model species Japanese quail were assessed by mixed linear models. The ileum microbiota composition was characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing techniques of growing individuals. The microbiability of the traits was on a similar level as the narrow sense heritability and was highly significant except for calcium utilization. The animal microbial correlation of the traits was substantial. Microbiome-wide association analyses revealed several traits associated and highly significant microbiota features, both on the bacteria genera as well as on the operational taxonomic unit level. Most features were significant for more than one trait, which explained the high microbial correlations. It can be concluded that the traits are polymicrobial determined with some microbiota features with larger effects and many with small effects. The results are important for the development of hologenomic selection schemes for feed-related traits in avian breeding programs that are targeting the host genome and the metagenome simultaneously.
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Mawaddah, Siti, Widya Hermana, and Nahrowi Nahrowi. "Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Deffated Larva BSF (Hermetia illucens) terhadap Performa Produksi Puyuh Petelur (Coturnix coturnix japonica)." Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 16, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.16.3.47-51.
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High quality protein feedstuff prices for poultry are more expensive due to rising prices of imported raw materials, such as fish meal and meat bone meal (MBM). Utilization of an alternative source of protein that is abundant and does not compete with food needs, becomes one of the promising solutions to optimize production efficiency. This research will evaluate the potential utilization of black soldier fly (BSF) deffated larva mal as alternative source of MBM protein in quail feed on quail production performance by using method of decreasing fat (defatting) with emphasis (pressing). Female quail 5 weeks old as many as 285 birds. Quails devided in 3 treatments and 5 replications of each 19 tails. The experimental design used in this study was a complete randomized design (CRD). The feed applied was as follows: (P1) control feed, (P2) Feed with content 50% BSF (P3) feed with 100% BSF. The results of the study 50% and 100% subtitution of BSF deffated larva meal not significantly affected on egg production evidenced by no disruption of the production of eggs and raised 5.82% (P2) and 6.13% (P3) to feed control so that it can be concluded that deffated BSF meal alternative can be used as a substitute for MBM quail in feed
12
Liebert, Frank. "Invited review: Further progress is needed in procedures for the biological evaluation of dietary protein quality in pig and poultry feeds." Archives Animal Breeding 60, no. 3 (August 8, 2017): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-259-2017.
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Abstract. Recently, biological procedures for feed protein evaluation in pig and poultry diets have been based on the amino acid composition of feed ingredients considering the animal's losses during processes of digestion or total protein utilization in a different manner. Such a development towards individual amino acids (AAs) was inevitable according to the disadvantage of traditional protein quality measures, like biological value (BV) or net protein utilization (NPU), to be non-additive in complex animal diets. In consequence, such measures are generally not suitable for predicting the final protein quality of protein mixtures from the individual protein value of feed ingredients. Otherwise, recent measures of AA disappearance from the small intestine up to the end of the ileum (ileal AA digestibility) also do not provide a true reflection of the biological availability of individual feed AAs independent of the extent of taking into account endogenous AA losses during digestion processes. Sophisticated procedures for protein evaluation are needed considering the AA losses, both during absorption and utilization after absorption. Advantages and limitations of important developments in procedures are discussed. Accordingly, the development of an exponential modelling approach is described (the Göttingen approach), which overcomes some of the traditional disadvantages by measuring the individual AA efficiency. Connecting feed protein evaluation, the modelling of quantitative AA requirements, and improved ideal protein concepts offers different fields of application. In addition, as demonstrated by example, the modelling of nitrogen losses per unit protein deposition and the minimizing of this parameter yields a further interesting tool for lowering the nitrogen burden from protein utilization processes. Finally, it is pointed out that traditional laboratory procedures also need to be updated, adapted to current knowledge, and validated according to the increasing hurdles for animal studies from the viewpoint of animal welfare. Modelling is a procedure with the potential to reduce the number of experimental animals significantly. This development needs more attention, higher acceptance, and wider application in the future of protein evaluation.
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Cheng, Yi-Chi, and Sung Woo Kim. "Use of Microorganisms as Nutritional and Functional Feedstuffs for Nursery Pigs and Broilers." Animals 12, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 3141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223141.
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The objectives of this review paper are to introduce the structures and composition of various microorganisms, to show some applications of single cells as alternative protein supplements or energy feeds in swine and poultry diets, and to discuss the functional effects of microorganisms as feed additives on the growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs and broilers. Microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, and microalgae, have been commonly supplemented in animal diets because they are cost-effective, stable, and have quantitative production that provides nutritional and functional benefits to pigs and broilers. Microorganisms could be alternative antibiotics to enhance intestinal health due to bioactive components from cell wall components, which interact with receptors on epithelial and immune cells. In addition, bioactive components could be digested by intestinal microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids and enhance energy utilization. Otherwise, microorganisms such as single-cell protein (SCP) and single-cell oils (SCOs) are sustainable and economic choices to replace conventional protein supplements and energy feeds. Supplementing microorganisms as feedstuffs and feed additives improved the average daily gain by 1.83%, the daily feed intake by 0.24%, and the feed efficiency by 1.46% in pigs and broilers. Based on the properties of each microorganism, traditional protein supplements, energy feeds, and functional feed additives could be replaced by microorganisms, which have shown benefits to animal’s growth and health. Therefore, specific microorganisms could be promising alternatives as nutritional and functional feedstuffs in animal diets.
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Attia, Adel I., Fayiz M. Reda, Amlan K. Patra, Shaaban S. Elnesr, Youssef A. Attia, and Mahmoud Alagawany. "Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-Products: Chemical Composition, Nutritive Value and Applications in Poultry Nutrition, an Updating Review." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041133.
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Several by-products, such as whole cull dates, date stones (also called pits, seeds, kernels), sugar-extracted date pulp, are produced from date fruit processing industries. These by-products, particularly date stone meal represent 10 to 20% of the whole dates are wasted, causing environmental issues. However, the date stone is rich in various nutrients, such as nitrogen-free extract, fiber, fat, and minerals, which could be used as an alternative feed source in poultry nutrition. However, the high fiber content in date stone meal restricts its use in poultry diets. Whole date wastes and date pulp have lower protein, fiber and fat content than those in date stone meal. Several studies have investigated the use of date stone meal and other by-products as a replacement of dietary corn and barley on feed intake, growth, feed efficiency, and nutrient utilization in poultry. The compilation of results obtained from different studies indicates that date fruit by-products, particularly date stone meal, could be incorporated up to 10% levels, replacing corn or barley grains without hampering production performance, and this could reduce the production cost. Moreover, the use of date stone meal at lower levels (5–10%) sometimes shows better growth performance, probably due to the presence of bioactive principles such as antioxidants and phenolic compounds. The use of date stone meal in poultry diets may be practically important under certain circumstances not only under the COVID-19 crisis due to the lockdown of airports, dry ports, ports and traffic restrictions, but also in countries with a limited supply of classical feed resources and which depend on imported ones. Finally, it can recommend that using date stone meal (DSM) up to 5–10% in poultry diets positively affect the productive performance. Due to the variability in the nutritive value of the DSM, developing a formula for metabolizable energy (ME) of DSM = a (intercept) − b (slope) × crude fiber (CF) content should be considered to improve the precision of feed formula for poultry. However, the nutritional value of DSM might not only depend on crude fiber but also on other compounds.
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LEESON, S., J. O. ATTEH, and J. D. SUMMERS. "THE REPLACEMENT VALUE OF CANOLA MEAL FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN POULTRY DIETS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-017.
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The effects of replacing between 0 and 100% of dietary soybean meal with canola meal was investigated using broiler chicks and laying hens. At the highest inclusion levels, canola meal accounted for 38 and 25% of the diet of broilers and layers, respectively. For broiler chicks, there was no effect of the dietary treatments on feed intake, weight gain or feed efficiency (P > 0.05). Canola meal replaced 100% of dietary soybean meal without any significant effect on protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus or magnesium retention and energy utilization. There was also no significant effect of replacing soybean meal with canola meal on fecal soap concentration, bone ash and bone calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content. There was no significant effect of replacing all dietary soybean meal with canola meal on performance, nutrient retention and bone mineralization in laying hens (P > 0.05). These results suggest that canola meal can replace soybean meal without any adverse effects on general performance, nutrient retention or mineral metabolism of chicks and laying hens. Key words: Canola meal, broiler, layer, performance, nutrient retention
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de Verdal, Hugues, Agnès Narcy, Denis Bastianelli, Hervé Chapuis, Nathalie Même, Séverine Urvoix, Elisabeth Le Bihan-Duval, and Sandrine Mignon-Grasteau. "Improving the efficiency of feed utilization in poultry by selection. 1. Genetic parameters of anatomy of the gastro-intestinal tract and digestive efficiency." BMC Genetics 12, no. 1 (2011): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-12-59.
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Pomar, Candido, and Aline Remus. "242 The Impact of Feed Formulation and Feeding Methods on Pig and Poultry Production on the Environment." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.237.
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Abstract Dietary energy and nutrient losses associated with its conversion into animal products increase production costs and contribute to the environmental footprint of farms with the excessive application of nitrogen, phosphorus, or trace minerals from manure or carbon and methane losses. Formulating diets with the appropriate levels of minerals and amino acids can help improve dietary protein and energy efficiency and reduce nutrient losses. For example, an 8% reduction in dietary crude protein in pig feeds is estimated to increase nitrogen efficiency by more than 50%, while costing 11% less than a control diet without industrial amino acids. This reduction in protein intake also increases energy availability due to reduced energy losses associated with protein deamination. Urinary and intestinal fermentation energy losses can be 24% lower for pigs fed low-protein diets compared to control diets. Nonetheless, determining the optimal level of dietary amino acid remains a difficult challenge in conventional phase feeding systems. Therefore, group or individual precision feeding is another powerful tool to increase nutrient efficiency. By feeding individual growing-finishing pigs with diets tailored to their requirements, precision feeding can decrease nitrogen excretion by 30% and greenhouse gas emissions by 22% compared to conventional 3-phase feeding. The benefits of feeding pigs with low-protein diets and precision feeding techniques are additive and might result in a 61% protein efficiency of utilization. The formulation of very-low-protein diets and the implementation of precision feeding techniques rely on sound nutritional concepts and comprehensive biological models developed to precisely estimate individual real-time nutrient requirements and animal responses. Understanding the metabolic processes responsible for the observed variation between individual animals in their ability to utilize dietary nutrients is challenging, but there is a need to further improve nutrient efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of livestock production systems.
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Hidayat, Cecep. "Utilization of Phytase to Overcome Phytic Acid in Broiler Diet." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 26, no. 2 (February 2, 2017): 057. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v26i2.1326.
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<p class="awabstrak2">Phytic acid has been considered as an antinutrient in broiler diet due to its strong chelator of divalent minerals. Phytic acid has ability for binding positively charged proteins, amino acids, and/or multivalent cations or minerals. The resulting complexes are insoluble, difficult to be hydrolyzed during digestion in poultry, and thus, nutritionally less available for absorption. The reduction of phytate activity can be carried out by phytase supplementation. The application of phytase with respect to animal feed supplement is reviewed in this paper. Application of phytase in broiler diet may liberate cations and other nutrients bound by phytate-P complexes resulting in improved production parameters in broilers. This is because phytase supplement increased nutrient (protein, minerals, amino acid, energy, and carbohydrate) digestibilities and availabilities. Overall, phytase could increase nutrient utilization in broiler, hence, increase the economic efficiency of broiler production and reduce the phosphor pollution to the environment.</p><p class="awabstrak3"> </p>
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Olorede, B. R., A. A. Onifade, and G. M. Babatunde. "COMPARATIVE UTILIZATION OF SHEA BUTTER CAKE AND PALM KERNEL CAKE BY BROILER CHICKENS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 24, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v24i2.2312.
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The utilization of Shea butter cake (SBC), a by-product of fat extraction from sheabutter nuts (Butyrospennum paradoxum) was compared with Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) to establish its potential as a poultry feedstuff. A 2 x 3 factorial experiment combining two factors, SBC and PKC at three levels of inclusion (5%, 10% and 15%) was designed. The six dietary treatments were fed to a total of 180 day-old chicks up to 56 days of age. Broilers fed SBC diets consumed more feed (P < 0.05) than those fed PKC diets between 0-28 days of age. During the finisher period (29-56d) and the entire period (0-56d)feed intakes of broilers were similar (P >0.05) on the treatment except the low consumption (P < 0.05) by those fed 5% SBC. Broiler chicks fed 5% attained the heaviest weight gain (P > 0.05) which compared with chicks fed 15% PKC between 0-28d. Between 29-56d, growth rates of broilers were uniformly higher (P < 0.05) on PKC than SBC diets. Broilers fed 15% SBC had the least (P < 0.05) weight gain at the three (0-28d; 29-56d and 0-56d) periods. Considering the entire period (0-56d), growth rates were not significantly (P >0.05) different on SBC diets up to 10%, and on PKC diets up to 15%. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency rations of the broiler became poorer (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of SBC in both growth phases unlike broiler fed PKC which had similar values irrespective of the levels of inclusion. The intestinal tracts and visceral organs were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the sources and levels of test ingredients except abdominal fat which was higher on SBC than PKC at 10% and 15% levels of SBC 10% level was optimal.
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Sredanovic, Slavica, Jovanka Levic, Rade Jovanovic, and Olivera Djuragic. "The nutritive value of poultry diets containing sunflower meal supplemented by enzymes." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 43 (2012): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1243079s.
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The international limitations imposed on the utilization of meat and bone meals in animal diets, together with the increasing demand for soybean meal, create a necessity to search for other protein sources to economically balance compound feeds. In this regard it is important to note that sunflower is the best adapted high-protein crop available in some European regions and that is useful to use it in poultry farming as the replacement of other protein sources. Protein and many other nutrients are ?imprisoned? to variable degrees, inside sunflower meal fibrous structures, and remain less available for digestion by the poultry?s own proteases and other endogenous enzymes. Added exogenous enzymes (phytase, hemicellulase, cellulase, carbohydrase, protease, etc.) offer a number of creative possibilities for breakdown and ?liberation? of these nutrients, their easier digestion and absorption, and thus development of new nutritional standards and new diets formulation. Supplementation of poultry diets containing sunflower meal by different enzymes increasingly contribute to sustainable poultry farming by enhancing production efficiency, increasing the effectiveness of nutrient utilization and upgrading in environmental protection.
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Skrbic, Z., Z. Pavlovski, M. Lukic, V. Petricevic, and D. Milic. "Production performance and carcass quality of coloured broilers differentiated genetic potential for growth." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 29, no. 4 (2013): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1304615s.
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The study was conducted with the purpose of the comparative analysis of production performance and carcass quality of two coloured broiler genotypes of differentiated genetic potential for growth (Redbro and Redbro Naked Neck) in conditions of intensive feeding, as well as determining the effect of housing system (free range and poultry house) on fattening performance of Redbro broilers. Production performance is presented in the two control periods (days 42 and 84). Carcass quality was analysed at 84 days old broilers based on carcass conformation, yield, share of valuable parts and abdominal fat content. Redbro and Redbro Naked Neck broilers had different growth intensity according to the phases of the experiment, but at the age of 84 days, their body weight did not differ significantly (3382.44g to 3236.0g). Lower efficiency of food utilization (3.08 kg to 2.79 kg) and improved vitality (100 % vs. 97.33 %) was found in Redbro Naked Neck broilers. In terms of carcass quality, there were no significant differences except in the share of wings. The positive impact of growing Redbro broilers in the poultry house was determined on the body weight (p< 0.05), feed efficiency and broiler mortality, which resulted in higher production index (169.83 vs. 140.37) compared to free range reared Redbro chickens. The differences in carcass quality were determined on the basis of better conformation, a small share of the wings but also lower yields of classically dressed carcasses of broilers Redbro reared in the poultry house.
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Dunmire, Kara M., Charles R. Stark, and Chad B. Paulk. "164 Awardee Talk: Influence of Ingredient Quality and Diet Formulation on Amino Acid Digestibility and Growth Performance of Poultry and Swine." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (April 12, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.127.
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Abstract Ingredient varieties and heat processing can influence nutrient utilization for monogastric species. Objective 1 determined the influence of SBM quality on AA digestibility and growth performance of broilers. Treatments consisted of 1 of 4 soybean sources varying in CP content and processed into SBM; 2 sources from a similar region were either commercially or experimentally solvent extracted. Broilers fed commercially processed SBM had improved (P < 0.05) AA digestibility compared with experimentally processed SBM from a similar region. Increasing CP content increased AA digestibility. Broiler d18 BW improved (P<0.05) in broilers fed conventionally processed SBM compared with experimentally processed SBM. Feed intake improved (P < 0.05) when broilers were fed conventionally processed SBM compared with experimentally processed SBM with experimentally processed SBM from a similar source intermediate. Objective 2 determined the effects of diet formulation and pelleting on AA digestibility and growth performance of swine. Diets were fed in mash or pelleted form and formulated with low or high crystalline AA and low or high RS (reducing sugars; DDGS and bakery meal). There was no feed form × crystalline AA × RS interaction observed for SID of AA. For main effects of feed form, the SID of total AA, CP, and indispensable AA increased (P < 0.042) in pigs fed pelleted diets compared with mash diets. Average daily feed intake decreased (P = 0.001) and G:F and caloric efficiency improved (P = 0.001) in pigs fed pelleted diets compared with mash diets. Pigs fed diets with high crystalline AA had increased (P < 0.024) ADFI compared with those fed diets with low crystalline AA. Pigs fed high RS diets had decreased (P <0.041) ADG, ADFI, G:F, and caloric efficiency compared with those fed low RS. Results concluded that pelleting diets with increased crystalline AA or RS did not lead to a reduction in AA digestibility or affect the pigs’ response to pelleting.
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Onunkwo, D. N., and O. A. Ukoha. "Effect of African nutmeg (Monodora myristica) spice in aflatoxin-infected diets on growth performance of broilers." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i2.1120.
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Fungal infected feedstuffs are denatured in nutrients and cause them to develop off flavors that often dampen the appetite of livestock and poultry. In this study, the effect of toasted African nutmeg (Monodora myristica) spice in Aspergillus flavus-infested diets on growth performance of broilers was investigated in a 2 x 3 factorial experimentthat lasted for 42 days. Three out of 6 dietary treatments were infected with 1mg of pure culture of Aspergillus flavus and toasted Monodora myristica spice included at 0%, 0.5% and 1.0% while the other 3 diets were infection-free with 0%, 0.5% and 1.0% Monodora myristica inclusion respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times at 30 chickens per replicate. Infection status was significant (P<0.05) for daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were 134.19g/bird/day, 39.23g/bird/day, 3.59g/bird/day and 1.10g/bird/day, respectively for the non-infected diets. The aflatoxin infection from Aspergillus flavus was observed to reduce (P<0.05) feed intake to 130.51g/bird/day and weight gain (33.67g/bird/day). FCR and PER were also reduced (P<0.05) by the presence of aflatoxin from Aspergillus flavus in the diet. Effect of Monodora myristica supplementation on feed intake, average daily weight gain, FCR and Protein efficiency ratio was significant (P<0.05) for all the measured parameters. The Feed intake, average daily weight gain, FCR and protein efficiency increased (P<0.05) as Monodora myristica inclusion level increased. Feed intake (119.8g/b/d), daily weight gain (28.90g/b/d), FCR (4.28) and PER (0.94) were observed in the Monodora-free (0%) diet. 0.5% and 1.0% levels of Monodora inclusion produced similar (P>0.05) effects on all the growth parameters but were higher than the control. The interaction of aflatoxin infection and Monodora inclusion level were significant for all the growth parameters. The interaction of aflatoxin infection x Monodora inclusion levels recorded feed intake of 107.97g/b/d, 137.36 and 146.19g/b/d respectively for 0, 0.5 and 1.0% Monodora; 22.27g/b/d, 37.87g/b/d and 40.83g/b/d daily weight gain and 4.85%, 3.63% and 3.58% FCR. The interaction effect of Monodora inclusion level in infection-free diets on the birds feed intake were 131.65g/b/d, 147.24g/b/d and 123.67g/b/d respectively for 0%, 0.5% and 1.0%. The interaction effect at 0.5% inclusion level x non-infected diet was significantly higher (41.31g/b/d) than that at 0% inclusion level on daily gain. However, the daily weight gain of 40.83g/b/d observed in the interaction of 1.0% Monodora level x aflatoxin -free diet similar (P<0.05) to that observed in the 0.5% inclusion level. The feed conversion ratio produced by the interactions at the three different levels (0, 0.5 and 1.0%) in the Aspergillus-free diets were (P>0.05) 3.71, 3.57 and 3.49 respectively while PER were (P<0.05) 1.05, 1.13 and 1.11 respectively. The Monodorafree diet recorded 9.26% drumstick, 2.26% liver 0.65% kidney and 2.43% gizzard, while the diet that had 0.5% Monodora myristica yielded 2.12% liver and 2.29% gizzard. Inclusion of Monodora up to 1.0% recorded 1.63% liver weight. Aspergillus flavus alone caused a reduction in live weight, dressed weight, thigh, kidney, breast meat, gizzard and an enlargement in the liver. Monodora myristica inclusion level also affected (p<0.05) all the parameters except dressed weight, thigh and back cut. Kidney and liver were observed to decrease as the level of inclusion of Monodora myristica increased. The interaction of Monodora myristica and Aspergillus flavus on the parameters were significant (p<0.05). From the results, Monodora myristica may be beneficial to poultry farmers, since about 90% of the poultry feed ingredients especially grains are constantly exposed to aflatoxin infection from Aspergillus flavus and other mycotoxin infections which hinder maximum nutrient utilization and affect the rate of conversion of feed.
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Clark, W. D., H. L. Classen, and R. W. Newkirk. "Assessment of tail-end dehulled canola meal for use in broiler diets." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 81, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a00-067.
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The value of tail-end partially dehulled canola meal (DCM) was assessed in comparison to the conventional canola meal (CCM) from which it was derived using broiler chickens. CCM obtained from five crushing plants underwent the partial-dehulling. Nutrient retention was determined using 33-d-old broiler chickens and a 21 -d growth study was also conducted. DCMs contained a higher concentration of crude protein and amino acids and the utilization of energy and amino acids was improved. Energy utilization was also affected by crushing plant and there was an interaction between plant and meal type, suggesting that the dehulling was not uniform for meals obtained from the five plants. The DCM had higher digestibilities than the CCM (for 10 amino acids), but there were also plant effects for 7 amino acids. In the second experiment, feed intake, weight gain and mortality levels were not affected by tail end dehulling, but feed efficiency was. The similarity in chick performance and health between the chicks fed DCM and CCM indicates that there was no apparent concentration of anti-nutritional factors. In conclusion, although variability between crushing plants is a concern, tail-end dehulling has potential to increase the quality and marketability of canola meal for poultry diets. Key words: Dehulled canola meal, broiler chickens, metabolizable energy, amino acids, digestibility, growth
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Saleh, Ahmed Ali, Bahaa El-Gharabawy, Aziza Hassan, Nemat Badawi, Yahya Eid, Shaimaa Selim, Mustafa Shukry, and Mahmoud Dawood. "Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Alpha-Monolaurin on the Growth Performance, Lipid Peroxidation, and Immunity Response in Broilers." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 5231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095231.
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As the world population increases, there will be an increase in demand for poultry meat. To satisfy this requirement, sustainably will be a significant challenge as different countries in the world face different health problems. Additionally, for decades, poultry nutritionists have worked on sustainability in broiler manufacturing plants. The usage of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which have positive effects as growth promoters and immunostimulants, is a pioneering way to decrease the cost of diets and improve environmentally friendly and sustainable production in this critical era. This study aimed at evaluating the influences of alpha-monoglyceride (alpha-monolaurin) on the growth performance, biochemical parameters, lipid profiles, liver oxidative stress, and immune response in broilers. Alpha-monolaurin was included at the levels of 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg in broiler diets. After 33 days, dietary supplementation of alpha-monolaurin showed no impact on the feed intake; however, broilers fed 0.5 g/kg feed displayed a significantly reduced food conversion ratio, as compared to the control (p ≤ 0.05). However, body weight and body weight gain tended to increase after 0.25 g/kg alpha-monolaurin supplementation, as compared to other groups. The highest European production efficiency factor (EPEF) was obtained with 0.25 g/kg alpha-monolaurin supplementation. The ether extract utilization and spleen weight were improved substantially (p ≤ 0.05) by alpha-monolaurin supplementation, but muscle and other organ weights were not affected. Plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) was decreased significantly by alpha-monolaurin supplementation, while plasma total protein and albumin were enhanced (p ≤ 0.05). Interestingly, broilers fed alpha-monolaurin displayed an increased antibody titer of the Newcastle disease (ND) virus and muscle unsaturated fatty acid content, and a decreased liver content of malondialdehyde (MDA). It could be assumed that dietary supplementation of alpha-monolaurin positively impacts birds’ feed efficiency and immune response and can be applied as a natural immune enhancer in the broiler industry.
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Hannan, MA, MB Ahmed, and SS Islam. "Performance of three meat type chicken farms maintained at different bio-security levels." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 49, no. 1 (October 18, 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v49i1.49380.
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Because of the high density of the poultry flocks in current commercial production operations and the inherent disease risks associated with this type of production, proper bio-security practices are very important for successful poultry farming. The study was undertaken to investigate the productive and economic performances of poultry farms keeping three different meat types chickens under good, fair and poor bio-security conditions in south western regions of Bangladesh. The three meat type chickens under consideration were Cobb 500 broiler strain, cockerel and Sonali (RIR x Fayoumi crossbred). According to obtained marks each of one hundred (total three hundred) surveyed farms were divided into good (≥ 80%), fair (61-79%) and poor (≤ 60%) bio-secured categories. Results revealed that market body weight, total feed intake, efficiency of feed utilization, survivability, gross return and net return of Cobb 500 broiler, cockerel and Sonali farms showed higher trends from poor to good bio-secured farms. The survivability was significantly (p<0.01) higher under good than that of fair and poor bio-secured level. The highest survivability was observed in farms kept Sonali followed by cockerel and Cobb 500. The result revealed that the Sonali was the highly benefited chicken farms than Cobb 500 broiler strain and cockerel. The broiler farms were more bio-security sensitive than Sonali and cockerel farms. Hence, good bio-security practices had significant impact on productive and economic performances of all three categories of meat type chickens. It can be concluded that the meat type chickens are more sensitive to the bio-security measures of the farms and Sonali farms are more beneficial from economic point of view as compared to cockerel and Cobb 500 farms.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2020. 49 (1): 63-70
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Sami Ahmed Mohammad Arabi and Reem Adam Ibrahim Adam. "Determination of optimum blood meal level for performance of broilers under Sudan condition." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.1.0015.
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Different unconventional feed stuffs are used in poultry production to decrease ration cost and the environmental, nutritional and economic benefits derived from the maximal utilization of animal blood. This study was established to assess the effect of feed partially replaced dried blood content supplemented on growth performance responses and carcass. In a feeding trial, 240 commercial broiler chicks a day old, with an average starting weight of 48.40± 1.50 g, Lehmann breed unsexed commercial broiler were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments consisted of the control diet, and three diets which contained varying levels of Sun-dried blood meals SDBM (3, 4 and 5 %) respectively. The experimental diets were formulated to be both isonitrgenous (22.5% CP) and isocaloric (3.10 Mcal /kg). Feed and water were provided adlibitum for a period of 6 weeks. Data for the entire 42 days growth assay indicate the concentration of SDBM in the diet had impact on feed intake. However, birds fed SDBM at 3 or 5% had better weight gains and feed efficiency (p < 0.05) than birds fed 4% SDBM and the SDBM free diet. Carcass yields were similar. Mortality was also unaffected by dietary treatments. In addition, Analysis of productive parameters indicated that dietary SDBM up to 5% had a positive effect on growth performance and that partial replacement of protein sources (blood meal and groundnut cake) with SDBM was possible.
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ILORI, B. M., D. O. OGUNTADE, K. AKANO, S. O. DUROSARO, and M. O. OZOJE. "REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, FEED INTAKE AND EFFICIENCY OF INDIGENOUS AND CROSSBRED TURKEYS." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 18, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v18i1.1912.
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This study assessed the reproductive performance of indigenous and crossbred parent stocks and the influence of sire genotype on the growth and efficiency of feed utilization by their progenies. A total of 300 poults, 150 for each genotype were generated from two crosses (Nicholas white x Indigenous and Indigenous x Indigenous turkeys). Data were collected on the reproductive performance of the parents while body weight and feed intake from day old to the 20th week of age were also collected from the progenies generated. The experiment was a complete randomized design with data generated subjected to two way analysis of variance using SAS. The result of the study showed that sire genotype had significant effect (p<0.05) on semen colour and semen volume while semen pH, motility, morphology and live dead ratio were not significantly affected. Crossbred tom had higher semen volume (0.39 ml) compared to 0.18 ml recorded in indigenous turkey. Genotype had no significant effect (p>0.05) on all female reproductive traits such as fertility, hatchability, dead in-germ, weak in-shell and dead in-shell. However, the indigenous turkey had higher fertility percentage (85%) while 80% hatchability was observed in crossbred turkey. Crossbred turkey significantly (p<0.05) had higher body weight (3330g) at 20 week of age compared to the indigenous turkey (2869g). Sexual dimorphism in favour of the male turkey was also observed throughout the period of the experiment. Although the crossbred turkey consumed more feed, the efficiency of feed utilization was better in the indigenous turkey. This findings suggested that the indigenous turkeys can be successfully improved with the introgression of exotic genetic material while crossbred turkeys can be further selected for improved productive and adaptive traits.
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de Verdal, Hugues, Agnès Narcy, Denis Bastianelli, Hervé Chapuis, Nathalie Même, Séverine Urvoix, Elisabeth Le Bihan-Duval, and Sandrine Mignon-Grasteau. "Improving the efficiency of feed utilization in poultry by selection. 2. Genetic parameters of excretion traits and correlations with anatomy of the gastro-intestinal tract and digestive efficiency." BMC Genetics 12, no. 1 (2011): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-12-71.
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Al-Harthi, Mohammed A., Youssef A. Attia, Mohamed F. Elgandy, and Fulvia Bovera. "Oil Extracted Moringa peregrina Seed Cake as a Feed Ingredient in Poultry: A Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value Study." Animals 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 3502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12243502.
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The chemical composition, antioxidant activity, tannic acid content, mineral, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles of oil-extracted Moringa peregrina seed meal (OEMPSM) were determined. Apparent (AME) and true (AMEn) metabolizable energy and apparent (AAAU) and true (TAAU) amino acid utilization were evaluated using a precision feeding trial. The protein (CP) quality was evaluated by a total efficiency analysis method. The antioxidant activity, gauged by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), was 237, 353, and 15.2 mg/mL for the water and ethanol extracts, and ascorbic acid, respectively. Tannic acids were 131.4 mg/100 g dry weight. The OEMPSM had 27.2% CP and 22.4, 15.1, and 15.8 MJ/kg of gross energy, AME and AMEn, respectively. The neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose were 40.2, 29.7, and 10.5% DM, respectively. The 15.41% of total fatty acids were saturated and 84.57% unsaturated. The AAAU and TAAU of OEMPSM were 30.92% and 61.06%, respectively. From findings, OEMPSM comprises a valuable level of bioactive substances, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and energy; it can provide up to 1.12% of the requirements of total amino acids of chickens (1–21 days); however, the quality of its protein was found to be 44.6% less than that of protein of soybean meal.
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Irm, Misbah, Bo Ye, Xiaoyi Wu, Lina Geng, Qinxiao Cai, Lu Zhang, Haoyun Zhai, and Zhiyu Zhou. "Assessment of Conventional and Low Gossypol Cottonseed Meal as Alternative Protein Sources in Low-Fishmeal Diets of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× Epinephelus lanceolatus♂): Growth, Feed Utilization, Gut Histology, and Immunity." Animals 12, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151906.
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A 9-week growth trial was carried out to assess the influence of replacing poultry by-product meal protein with conventional cottonseed meal protein (CCMP) or low gossypol cottonseed meal protein (LGCMP) on growth, feed utilization, gut micromorphology, and immunity of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) juveniles fed low-fish meal (18.53%, dry matter) diets. Eleven experimental diets were prepared. The control diet (PBMP) contained 46.15% poultry by-product meal protein. Both conventional cottonseed meal protein (CCMP) and low-gossypol cottonseed meal protein (LGCMP) were used in replacement ratios of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of poultry by-product meal protein (PBMP) from the control diet, forming ten experimental diets (CCMP20, CCMP40, CCMP60, CCMP80, CCMP100, LGCMP20, LGCMP40, LGCMP60, LGCMP80, and LGCMP100). Results demonstrated that weight-gain percentage (WG%) was not different between different sources of cottonseed meal (CCMP and LGCMP). However, values of WG% significantly differed among different replacement levels, with CCMP80 and LGCMP40 having significantly higher values compared to other treatments. Fish fed CCMP80 and LGCMP40 exhibited higher protein efficiency ratios (PERs) than fish fed other experimental diets. The regression analysis from a second-order or third-order polynomial model based on WG% showed that the optimal PBMP replacement levels by CCMP and LGCMP are 74% and 33%, respectively. The whole-body lipid contents remarkably decreased as dietary CCMP or LGCMP inclusion levels increased. The relative mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) in liver was higher in fish fed CCMP80 and LGCMP40 diets compared to fish fed other diets. Generally, in low-FM diets of hybrid grouper, CCMP and LGCMP could replace 74% and 33% of PBMP, respectively.
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Puvača, Nikola, Erinda Lika, Sonila Cocoli, Tana Shtylla Kika, Vojislava Bursić, Gorica Vuković, Mirela Tomaš Simin, Aleksandra Petrović, and Magdalena Cara. "Use of Tea Tree Essential Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) in Laying Hen’s Nutrition on Performance and Egg Fatty Acid Profile as a Promising Sustainable Organic Agricultural Tool." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 3420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083420.
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The level of production in a variety of organic production systems is often lower than in other traditional production systems. In poultry production, there is also a direct negative effect of the small scale regarding sustainable organic poultry production. Regardless of differences between organic and conventional production systems, this experiment aimed to investigate the usage of tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden and Betche) Cheel essential oils as a natural alternative to antibiotics in hen nutrition on productive parameters, table egg quality and eggs fatty acid profile as a promising sustainable organic agricultural tool. A total of 360 Lohmann Brown hens, aged 54 weeks, divided into three different treatment diets, were supplemented with 0 (T1), 40 (T2) and 80 mg/kg (T3) of M. alternifolia essential oil, respectively. Experimental treatments were replicated four times within 30 birds each. The experiment lasted for a total of 56 days (55 to 62 weeks of hens age). A 56-day experimental had two timetable periods of 28 days each: period 1 (55 to 58 weeks of hen age) and period 2 (59 to 62 weeks of hen age). For compound feed supplemented with M. alternifolia essential oil, daily egg production and the efficiency of nutrient utilization (FCR) was improved significantly (p < 0.05) until the end of week 58, with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the thickness of eggshell, as well as egg production (p < 0.05). However, egg mass, feed consumption, FCR and albumen height, Haugh unit, and eggshell strength did not show any significant (p > 0.05) differences influenced by essential oil feed supplementation. Lower concentrations of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), were recorded with M. alternifolia essential oil supplementation, but without significant (p > 0.05) differences. At the end of the experiment, the obtained results showed that the addition of M. alternifolia essential oil to hen nutrition had a positive effect on production parameters and eggs fatty acid profile, with increased eggshell thickness (p < 0.05).
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Pirgozliev, V. R., S. P. Rose, P. S. Kettlewell, and M. R. Bedford. "Efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for carcass energy retention in broiler chickens fed different wheat cultivars." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 81, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a00-014.
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Six different wheat cultivar grain samples were grown in both the 1993 and 1996 harvest years, and their concentrations of nitrogen-corrected, apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) were determined and carcass energy retentions compared when fed nutritionally complete diets for broiler chicks. The AMEn protocol involved a 14 d feeding period with growing chickens, with all excreta collected for the final 96 h. The carcass energy retention protocol involved a comparative slaughter technique in which growing chickens were given a wheat sample in a nutritionally complete diet at 90% of ad libitum intake. There was a significant (P = 0.023) linear relationship between energy retention and AMEn, although an r2 = 0.42 indicated that there was a substantial amount of unexplained variation. The ratio of energy retained per kg of additional wheat (kcal kg–1) eaten to AMEn (kcal kg–1) intake ranged from 0.49 –0.56 in the 12 wheat samples. There were no significant (P > 0.05) relationships between the proximate nutrient or polysaccharide compositions of the wheat samples and the ratio of energy retained to AME intake. However, there was a significant, (r2 = 0.40; P = 0.028) negative, linear relationship between the water extract viscosity of the wheat sample (log transformed) and this ratio. Key words: Metabolizable energy, energy retention, wheat, poultry
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Annongu, A. A., O. A. Adeyemi, S. A. O. Bolu, R. M. O. Kayode, and F. E. Sola-Ojo. "Changes in metabolic nutrients utilization and alterations in biochemical and haematological indices in broilers fed graded levels of dietary Moringa oleifera." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 42, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v42i2.2620.
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Graded levels of full-fat undecorticated Moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) were evaluated in diets of 96-day old broilers at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% while a maize-soybean diet was used as a reference diet. Nutrients utilization by the broilers and effects of the virgin dietary MOSMon serum chemistry, haematology and some bio-data-protein efficiency ratio (PER) and nitrogen metabolism (NM) were used as response criteria for the evaluation. The metabolic utilization of nutrients, most of the serum chemistry and haematological parameters decreased in response to increasing dietary levels of MOSM except values on products of metabolism like creatinine, uric acid, bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin that tended to elevate with increasing levels of dietary unprocessed MOSM. Since no mortality was recorded in this experiment even at 7.5% MOSM inclusion, further research is on-going to determine the lethal level to poultry including other monogastric animals.
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Saka, A. A., O. O. Awodola-Peters, T. A. Olaniyi, O. Y. Adedeji, M. O. Bolarinwa, M. O. Yahaya, G. L. Adebisi, and M. A. Popoola. "Climate change and its impact on livestock: A review." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 4 (March 8, 2021): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i4.2993.
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As the demand for livestock products is on the increase due to improved standard of living, the fear of its negative effect of climate is also on the increase. The impact of climate change on livestock production was reviewed in this study. Livestock through contributes to the emissions which in turn has negative impact on livestock production. Humans, animals and mixed farming, produce emissions which contribute so much to the change in climate. Heat stress associated with climate change has an enormous effect on poultry production as it affects chicken growth and productivity as poultry meat and eggs play an important food security role across Africa and world at large. Understanding how farmers deal with the realities of poultry production due to climate change is critical. In pig production the influence of climate change may differ slightly depending on the breed types and locality but common problems are lack of water, pests and diseases, death of the animal at extreme heat stress and possible alteration in grazing behavior which will lead ultimately to decrease in feed intake and feed digestibility and efficiency of feed utilization which can be seen in terms of growth, pork yield and milk production. Ruminants which are the primary producers of methane (CH4) has many factors influencing these emissions such as level of feed intake, type of carbohydrate in the diet and feed processing. Manipulation of these factors can reduce methane emissions from cattle.
La demande de produits de bétail étant en agrandissement en raison de l'amélioration du niveau de vie, la crainte de son effet négatif sur le climat est également en augmentation. L'impact du changement climatique sur la production animale a été examiné dans cette étude. L'élevage contribue aux émissions qui à leur tour ont un impact négatif sur la production animale. Les humains, les animaux et l'agriculture mixte, produisent des émissions qui contribuent beaucoup au changement climatique. Le stress thermique associé au changement climatique a un effet énorme sur la production de volaille car il affecte la croissance et la productivité des poulets, car la viande et les œufs de volaille jouent un rôle important dans la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique et dans le monde en général. Il est essentiel de comprendre comment les agriculteurs gèrent les réalités de la production de volaille en raison du changement climatique. Dans la production porcine, l'influence du changement climatique peut différer légèrement selon le type de race et la localité, mais les problèmes courants sont le manque d'eau, les ravageurs et les maladies, la mort de l'animal en cas de stress thermique extrême et une éventuelle modification du comportement de pâturage qui entraînera finalement une diminution dans l'ingestion et la digestibilité des aliments et l'efficacité de l'utilisation des aliments qui peuvent être vus en termes de croissance, de rendement de porc et de production de lait. Les ruminants qui sont les principaux producteurs de méthane (CH4) ont de nombreux facteurs influençant ces émissions tels que le niveau de consommation alimentaire, le type de glucides dans l'alimentation et la transformation des aliments. La manipulation de ces facteurs peut réduire les émissions de méthane des bovins.
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Varianti, Nunik Ita, Umiyati Atmomarsono, and Luthfi Djauhari Mahfudz. "Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan dengan Sumber Protein Berbeda terhadap Efisiensi Penggunaan Protein Ayam Lokal Persilangan." Jurnal Agripet 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v17i1.7257.
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ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian pakan dengan sumber protein berbeda terhadap efisiensi penggunaan protein ayam lokal persilangan. Materi penelitian adalah 126 ekor ayam lokal persilangan (unsexed) umur 2 minggu, bobot badan 129,02 ± 6,34 g. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan 3 perlakuan, serta 7 ulangan, dan setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 6 ekor ayam. Perlakuannya antara lain T1: 2 sumber protein (bungkil kedelai, tepung ikan); T2: 3 sumber protein (bungkil kedelai, tepung ikan, MBM (Meat Bone Meal)); T3: 4 sumber protein (bungkil kedelai, tepung ikan, Meat Bone Meal (MBM), Poultry Meat Meal (PMM)). Pakan sumber energi (jagung dan bekatul), pakan sumber mineral CaCo3. Pakan diberikan secara bebas memilih, ad libitum dan dalam benruk mash. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dengan uji F taraf 5%, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan sumber protein berpengaruh nyata (p0,05) meningkatkan konsumsi protein (T1: 7,65c; T2: 9,57b; T3: 11,40a) g/ekor/hari, menurunkan rasio efisiensi protein (T1: 1,65a; T2: 1,42b; T3: 1,40b), dan meningkatkan asupan protein (T1: 5,82c; T2: 7,30b; T3: 8,82a) g/ekor/hari. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan sumber protein (bungkil kedelai dan tepung ikan) dapat meningkatkan efisiensi protein ayam lokal persilangan. (The influence of different protein source on efficiency protein of crossbred local chicken) ABSTRACT. This research was aimed to determine the influence of different protein source on protein utilization of Crossbred Local Chicken. Using 126 Crossbred Local Chicken unsexed 2 weeks old with the average body weight 129,02 ± 6,34 g. Completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 7 replication applied, each experimental unit consistent of 6 chickens. The treatment are T1: 2 protein source (soybean meal, fish meal); T2: 3 protein source (soybean meal, fish meal, meat bone meal); T3: 4 protein source (soybean meal, fish meal, meat bone meal. poultry meat meal). Feed energy source (corn and rice bran) and mineral source (CaCo3). Feed given with method free choice feeding, ad libitum, mash. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance F-test with level 5% and Duncan test. The research showed that different protein source significantly (P0,05), increase protein consumption (T1: 7,65c; T2: 9,57b; T3: 11,40a) g/day, descreased ratio protein efficiency (T1: 1,65a; T2: 1,42b; T3: 1,40b) and increase protein intake (T1: 5,82c; T2: 7,30b; T3: 8,82a) g/day. As a cconclusion that feeding with soybean meal and fish meal as protein source able to improve protein efficiency of crossbred local chicken.
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Kozłowska, Izabela, Joanna Marć-Pieńkowska, and Marek Bednarczyk. "2. Beneficial Aspects of Inulin Supplementation as a Fructooligosaccharide Prebiotic in Monogastric Animal Nutrition – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2015-0090.
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Abstract Inulin is widely used as a prebiotic additive in the nutrition of farm animals and pets. This fructooligosaccharide demonstrates a beneficial effect on host health by stimulating the growth and development of commensal bacterial species inhabiting the large intestine. Used for example in the feeding of piglets, inulin greatly enhances their daily body weight gains and also reduces the risk of anemia (Tako et al., 2008). In poultry, in the case of meat breeds, inulin provides better feed utilization, increases the daily gains and the final carcass weight (Ammerman et al., 1988). In laying hens, it positively stimulates the production of eggs (Chen et al., 2005). The addition of prebiotics in the diet of dogs has a positive effect on the concentration of the end products of sugar and protein fermentation in the colon, thus contributing to the health status and good condition of the animal (Flickinger et al., 2003 b; Middelbos et al., 2007). Moreover, inulin beneficially affects the efficiency of the immune system of the organism (including the anticarcinogenic properties) (Kelly-Quagliana et al., 1998), as well as lipids and the cholesterol metabolism by effectively reducing their concentrations in the blood serum (Grela et al., 2014 a). This paper characterizes inulin as a prebiotic additive in the diet of selected species of monogastric animals. In addition, data about the hypolipidemic and immunostimulatory properties of inulin are presented.
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Asipa, W. A., P. L. Komolafe, R. B. Fagbenro, M. O. Ajayi, I. Adebowale, M. Feyisayo, P. I. Owoseni, et al. "Effect of inovo feeding of honey solution on hatchability and growth performance of turkey eggs and poults (A review)." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, no. 3 (June 9, 2022): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i3.3547.
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Glucose is the major energy source of living organisms and its homeostatic maintenance during the days preceding hatching and post-hatch is a great challenge in chick's life. Establishment of a stable and sufficient glucose status is critical for the late-term embryonic developmental hatching process and post-hatch development of poultry until feed consumption is initiated. In ovo feeding has been used to enhance post-hatch development in broilers. However, there is paucity of information on the effect of in ovo feeding on performance of turkey poults. Therefore, effect of in ovo feeding on performance of turkey poults were investigated from different research works. The hatching quality in turkey has been of great concern and interest to researchers over the years. Turkey hatchlings usually do not survive critical post-hatch adjustment period and most of the survivor exhibit stunted growth, and inefficient feed utilization. This has led to loss of a lot of money yearly to the poultry industry. Several researches have been done but were seen to have no lasting effect on the post-hatch quality of the poults. Although, early feeding was recorded to be of benefit to the animals but had little orno effect on struggles experienced by embryos during pipping and hatching. Improvement on poults' quality aside the body weight and growth becomes difficult at this level. This work reviewed the technology of using in ovo feeding which is the administration of food into the amnion of late embryo in the efficiency of turkey hatchlings.
Le glucose est la principale source d'énergie des organismes vivants et son maintien homéostatique pendant les jours précédant l'éclosion et après l'éclosion est un grand défi dans la vie du poussin. L'établissement d'un état de glucose stable et suffisant est essentiel pour le processus d'éclosion du développement embryonnaire tardif et le développement post-éclosion de la volaille jusqu'au début de la consommation d'aliments. L'alimentation Inovo a été utilisée pour améliorer le développement post-éclosion des poulets à griller. Cependant, il y a peu d'informations sur l'effet de l'alimentation in ovo sur les performances des dindonneaux. Par conséquent, l'effet de l'alimentation in ovo sur les performances des dindonneaux a été étudié à partir de différents travaux de recherche. Les nouveau-nés de dinde ne survivent généralement pas à la période critique d'ajustement post-éclosion et la plupart des survivants présentent un retard de croissance et une utilisation inefficace des aliments. Cela a conduit à la perte de beaucoup d'argent chaque année pour l'industrie de la volaille. Plusieurs recherches ont été effectuées, mais elles n'ont eu aucun effet durable sur la qualité post-éclosion des dindonneaux. Bien que l'alimentation précoce ait été enregistrée comme étant bénéfique pour les animaux, mais n'a eu que peu ou pas d'effet sur les difficultés rencontrées par les embryons lors de la naissance et de l'éclosion. L'amélioration de la qualité des dindonneaux en dehors du poids vif et de la croissance devient difficile à ce niveau. Ce travail a passé en revue la technologie d'utilisation de l'alimentation in ovo qui est l'administration de nourriture dans l'amnios de l'embryon tardif dans l'efficacité des nouveau-nés de dinde.
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Lopez, G., and S. Leeson. "Review: Energy partitioning in broiler chickens." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 88, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas07087.
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In commercial nutrition and in research studies, metabolizable energy (ME) is the standard measure of energy used in describing energy requirements and diets for poultry. The provision of dietary energy will influence the intake of all other nutrients. Broilers exhibit an outstanding ability to control their energy intake by adjusting their feed intake as diet energy concentration changes. There is still considerable debate on the accuracy, precision and usefulness of different procedures used for determining ME values of diets and ingredients. ME intake is generally partitioned into energy retained (ER) in body tissues (mainly as fat and protein) and as heat production (HP): ME = HP + ER. There are few reported estimates of HP and its components, fasting heat production (FHP), heat production due to physical activity and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF). Requirements for maintenance (MEm), including major components of FHP and physical activity, are established at around 155 kcal kg BW0.60. We recentlyreported that maintenance requirements for young broilers based on kg BW0.75 were 8% lower than the values estimated using kg BW0.60, and that BW raised to the exponent 0.60, was a more precise estimator. Gross energy retained in the body as fat (TERF) and protein (TERP), together contribute most of the total energy retained (TER) in the body. Efficiency of ME utilization above maintenance varies from 70 to 84% for lipid deposition in adult birds and between 37 and 85% in growing birds. Key words: Energy, broiler, metabolic rate, energy retention
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Chowdhuryand, S. R., and T. K. Smith. "Effects of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins on performance, plasma chemistry and hepatic fractional protein synthesis rates of turkeys." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 87, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas07038.
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In the first experiment, 225 day-old male turkey poults (5 pens/diet and 15 birds/pen) were fed corn, wheat and soybean meal based starter, grower, developer and finisher diets formulated with uncontaminated grains or contaminated grains or contaminated grains + 0.2% glucomannan polymer (GMP). In the second experiment, the same starter diet was also fed over a 4-wk period to 48 male turkey poults (2 pens/diet and 8 poults/pen) to determine hepatic fractional protein synthesis rates (FSR). Consumption of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins significantly decreased body weight gain throughout the experiment compared with controls. Supplementation of diets containing contaminated grains with GMP prevented the reduction in body weight gain in the starter, developer and finisher periods. Efficiency of feed utilization decreased in grower and developer periods when birds were fed contaminated diets. Plasma total protein, albumin, globulin and uric acid concentrations were decreased after 4 wk of feeding compared with controls (P < 0.05). It was concluded that performance and plasma chemistry of turkeys were sensitive to the feeding of a diet containing a combination of mycotoxins arising from naturally contaminated grains and the feeding of GMP can prevent some of these adverse effects. Key words: Fusarium mycotoxins, turkey performance, hepatic FSR
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Kolokolnikova, T. N., A. B. Dymkov, and E. P. Pontan'kova. "Features of embryonic development of meat quails." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 51, no. 4 (October 3, 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2021-4-6.
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The influence of breed and storage period of hatching eggs on the duration and results of incubation and the development of quail was studied. It has been noted that in breeding quail farms, the collection period for hatching eggs can be as long as 2-3 weeks. Storage time has a negative effect on incubation time, embryo development, egg hatchability and hatchability of young chicks, which consequently reduces the economic efficiency of the poultry farm. The study was carried out on the eggs of the Pharaoh and Texas White quail breeds. It was found that storage of quail eggs for more than 7 days reduces the hatchability of eggs by 8.3-38.2% and the hatchability of young quail eggs by 15.7-41.4%. Reduced fertilization of eggs correlated with the loss of egg weight during storage (r = 0.974-0.995, p < 0.05). Extending the shelf life of quail eggs to 14-21 days increased the average incubation hour of the Pharaoh breed by 6.3-12.1 hours, and the Texas white breed by 2.5-9.7 hours, had a significant effect during the embryogenesis period on the live weight of day-old quails of both breeds, utilization of yolk sac nutrients and development of the heart, liver and gizzard (η2 = 0.541-0.902, p <0.05-0.01). Hatchery eggs of the meat quail breeds Pharaoh and Texan White should be stored for no more than 7 days before incubation. The results of this study can be used in breeding, industrial and farm quail farms for planning sampling times, the number of eggs laid for incubation and places for planting day-old chicks, the number of future layers, the amount of feed needed; in the educational process of agrarian educational institutions.
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Motielal, M., O. Homenauth, and P. DeGroot. "Utilization of Cassava in Poultry Feed in Guyana." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6, no. 3 (March 20, 2016): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjas.2016.3.022616047.
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Carré, B., S. Mignon-Grasteau, and H. Juin. "Breeding for feed efficiency and adaptation to feed in poultry." World's Poultry Science Journal 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004393390800010x.
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Usman, S. O., K. U. Ogbe, J. U. Oguche, T. B. Momoh, and S. Omale. "Utilization of poultry waste as feed and supplementary feed for fish growth." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 23, no. 4 (May 13, 2019): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i4.8.
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Reznichenko, Aleksei. "Efficiency of using Vitaferm in broiler poultry farming." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700099.
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The cultivation of poultry without the use of antibacterial drugs is a vital direction of modern production, since the entry of domestic poultry products to the foreign market involves their absence in raw materials of animal origin. As experience confirms, enrichment of feed rations with enzyme preparations and vitamins reduces the waste of young animals, significantly increases the feed absorption, and reduces their feed-gain relations per production unit. This allows enhancing the productivity of poultry farming while simultaneously improving the quality of resulting products. We have studied the effect of the new vitamin-enzyme complex Vitaferm on the broiler-chickens body against the background of the antibacterial drugs exclusion from their antiepizootic measures. Studies have shown a positive effect of Vitaferm on the poultry body which is manifested by an increase in average daily growth, livability enlargement and reduced feed-gain relations per production unit. These changes can be explained by the normalization of the digestive system of broiler-chickens with the Vitaferm use. It is known that antibiotics inhibit the body’s immune system and disturb the balance of intestinal microflora. Thus, the use of vitamin-enzyme complex Vitaferm with broiler-chicken feed at the rate of 15.0 g/kg, starting from the day-old up to 10 days, is proposed for the complete or partial exclusion of antibacterial drugs from the antiepizootic measures scheme.
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de Lange, C. F. M., and H. Birkett. "Characterization of useful energy content in swine and poultry feed ingredients." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 85, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a04-057.
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For effective use of feed ingredients in diets for the various classes of animals, it is important that the feeding value of feed ingredients is properly estimated. This applies in particular to the useful or bio-available energy content, as feed energy generally represents the single largest cost-factor in animal production. In spite of their limitations, digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) systems are used widely in North America to estimate the useful or bio-available energy content of feeds and feed ingredients for pigs and poultry, largely because experimental procedures to establish DE and ME values are relatively simple. Some of the limitations of DE and ME systems can be overcome by using empirical net energy (NE) systems, whereby feed or feed ingredient NE content is predicted from digestible nutrient contents. However, empirical NE systems require estimates of the animal’s maintenance NE needs, which cannot be measured directly and have been estimated to vary between 489 and 750 kJ kg-1 BW0.60. Moreover, estimated feed or feed ingredient NE contents only apply to one particular animal state. The practical application of NE prediction equations requires an accurate characterization of nutrient contents and digestibility of feeds and feed ingredients. An accurate and flexible assessment of animal and feed effects on energy utilization requires the use of mathematical models in which transformations and use of dietary nutrients for different body functions are represented. Effective use of such nutrient flow models requires accurate characterization of feeds and feed ingredients and of animals in aspects of nutrient partitioning for the various body functions. This type of model can be used to predict accurately the useful energy supply from feeds and feed ingredients for specific animal states for diet formulation purposes. Nutrient utilization models may be refined to explore additional aspects of nutrient utilization, such as dynamics of nutrient absorption, the utilization of nutrients via alternative and competing metabolic pathways and inter-organ nutrient metabolism. Key words: Digestible energy, energetics, feed ingredients, metabolizable energy, net energy, nutrition, pigs, poultry
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Fontenot, Joseph P. "Utilization of Poultry Litter as a Feed for Beef Cattle." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 16 (January 1, 2000): 234–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700784994894.
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Biryukova, A., A. Ospanova, and V. Semenov. "Efficiency of using meat-and-feather vitamin premix in broiler chicken diets." Bulletin of the Innovative University of Eurasia 83, no. 1 (September 23, 2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37788/2021-3/93-99.
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Modern industrial poultry farming, being the most dynamically developing branch of productive stockbreeding, is able to produce products in short periods of time and in significant volumes, regardless of the time of year. As a result, poultry farming is one of the most important sources of replenishment of the country's food resources. Besides, poultry farming is a cost-effective industry, which is due to the low cost of feed per unit of production. To overcome the negative influence of anti-nutritional factors of feed (mycotoxins, lipid oxidation products and an imbalance of amino acids, vitamins and minerals), a lot of feed additives are used in the poultry diet: prebiotics, symbiotics, probiotics, acidifiers, flavorings. Others, improving the taste of feed, reduce the morbidity and mortality of poultry. Particular attention is paid to the use of new forms of vitamins, trace elements with increased activity and digestibility in the body of algae. As the introduction of enterprise productivity high poultry cross, it became necessary to modify the standard for the need for nutrients and biologically active substances. This applies to both protein-vitamin and mineral nutrition of poultry. Currently, the physiological needs of poultry for tracking elements have been determined, and the work is carried out on the crystal norms of additives for high productivity modern crosses. The search for new sources of trace elements in premix production is ongoing. In this article the original composition and scheme of application of a new protein-vitamin premix are presented for the first time, the grading of the developed additive was carried out – its positive effect on the poultry body, indicators of productivity and quality of the products. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the developed protein – vitamin premix, a scheme for its use in poultry farming is proposed. The theoretical significance of the study is determined by the fact that the scientific and practical problems posed in it are directly related to the solution of urgent problems of improving the efficiency, competitiveness and quality of domestic poultry products. The results obtained in the course of the conducted studies significantly expand the information about the features of protein-vitamin metabolism in poultry, methods and means of its correction. The developed methods of using the developed premix can be used in poultry farms to increase the productivity and quality of the products obtained. To study the effectiveness of the use of meat-bone-feather vitamin premix in the diets of broiler chickens. Analysis and generalization of theoretical information, method for determining the quality of the feed product, method for determining the fat content according to Gerber.
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Mnisi, Caven M., Victor Mlambo, Akho Gila, Allen N. Matabane, Doctor M. N. Mthiyane, Cebisa Kumanda, Freddy Manyeula, and Christian S. Gajana. "Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Selected Phytogenics for Sustainable Poultry Production." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010099.
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The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in poultry production not only promotes the emergence of pathogenic multi-drug resistant bacteria, but it also compromises product quality, threatens animal and human health, and pollutes the environment. However, the complete withdrawal of AGP without alternatives could result in uncontrollable disease outbreaks that would jeopardize large-scale poultry intensification. Thus, the use of phytogenic products as potential alternatives to in-feed AGP has attracted worldwide research interest. These phytogenic products contain numerous biologically active substances with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities that can enhance poultry health, growth performance, and meat quality characteristics. In addition, the incorporation of phytogenic products as feed additives in poultry diets could result in the production of high-quality, drug-free, and organic poultry products that are safe for human consumption. Thus, this review examines the current evidence on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of a selection of phytogenic products, their effects on nutrient utilization, and physiological and meat quality parameters in poultry. The paper also reviews the factors that could limit the utilization of phytogenic products in poultry nutrition and proposes solutions that can deliver efficient and sustainable poultry production systems for global food and nutrition security.
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Kim, Ji-Hyuk, Hack-Youn Kim, Bong-Ki Kim, and Gye-Woong Kim. "Physiochemical Treatment of Feed and Utilization of Feed Additives to Control Salmonella in Poultry." Korean Journal of Poultry Science 45, no. 1 (March 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5536/kjps.2018.45.1.1.
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