Academic literature on the topic 'Poultry Methionine'

Abstract The sulfur-containing amino acids cystine and methionine play important roles in animal, especially avian, nutrition. Because these ndror-containing amino acids are destroyed to varying extents by 6N HC1 hydrolysis, oxidation and hydrolysis of cystine to cysteic add and methionine to methionine sulfone have been widely used for determination of cystine and methionine. Lysine is considered the next limiting amino acid after the sulfur amino acids in poultry •ntrition; therefore, determination of the amino acid content of rations focuses first on these 3 amino acids. The objective of this investigation was to establish whether lysine and other amino acids could be accurately determined in proteinaceous materials which had mdergone performic acid oxidation. To perform this evaluation, lysine was determined in a variety of protein-containing materials both with and without performic acid oxidation. Performic acid oxidation followed by 6N HC1 hydrolysis at 145°C for 4 h allows accurate measurement of 3 amino acids especially important to poultry nutrition, cystine, methionine, and lysine, in a single preoxidized hydralysate; this method can be extended to another 9 protein amino adds.

AbstractMethionine (Met) plays many important metabolic functions in humans and animals, and therefore may be classified as a functional amino acid (AA). Functional AAs are defined as those AAs that participate in and regulate key metabolic pathways to improve health, survival, growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. As the first-limiting AA in poultry diets, Met affects poultry production parameters such as body weight gains, feed conversion ratio and carcass quality. The results of many experiments on chickens fed diets with different levels of Met (from 0.3 to 1.2% in the starter period, and from 0.3 to 0.9% in the grower period) indicate that commercial broiler chickens do not require more than 0.50 and 0.38% Met in starter and grower diets, respectively, for optimum growth and feed efficiency, whereas higher inclusion rates of Met are needed to stimulate immune responses. The results of recent experiments on chickens are insufficient to define the optimal dietary levels of Met, which has been shown to exert immunostimulatory activity. A few experiments on layer hens have demonstrated that Met requirements for immune competence are higher than for optimum production, but the inclusion levels of this AA needed to stimulate the immune system of birds have not been defined. In the absence of such research, it remains unknown whether feeding growing turkeys diets supplemented with Met above NCR recommendations, as suggested by B.U.T. (British United Turkeys), stimulates the immune system of birds.

Copra meal (CM) is an important feed ingredient and the by-product of the oil extraction from dried coconut kernels. This product, although copra meal has a moderate protein content (15-25%); because of a high cellulose content (11.63-16.00%) and some limiting amino acids (particularly lysine and methionine), limits its use as a basic source of protein in poultry due to insufficient. Copra meals are more suitable common supplements as both an energy and protein source for ruminants. In this paper, nutritional researches performed with the copra meal usage on poultry and ruminant species have been reviewed.

<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the methionine plus cystine levels in the diets of laying hens during the rearing period (13-18 weeks old). The diets included a control diet formulated according to NRC and five other diets with different levels of this digestible methionine plus cystine (0.317, 0.356, 0.396, 0.436 and 0.475%) that have been based on the recommendations of the Brazilian poultry and swine tables. Performance, serological and histological variables were evaluated. There was linear effect on final body weight, weight gain, methionine plus cystine intake and feed conversion, and quadratic effect on the serum albumin levels, serum protein levels and relative spleen weight. The estimated level of digestible methionine plus cystine were 0.361%, 0.346% and 0.398%, for albumin activity, serum protein and relative weight of spleen, respectively. The different formulation bases significantly influenced the histology of the liver, small intestine and magnum. It is recommended the use of levels above 0.475% of digestible methionine plus cystine for light laying hens with 13-18 weeks old, which corresponded to a ratio of digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine of more than 98%.</p>

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 50 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-50).

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two sources of methionine, DL-Methionine (DLM - 99%) and Methionine Hydroxy Analogue Free Acid (MHA-FA - 88%), at three different levels of supplementation in commercial diets on the performance of broiler chickens. Commercial Ross broilers were used, 1.232, from 01 to 47 days of age, with a completely randomized design in a factorial 2 x 3 (two sources methionine x three supplementation levels) arrangement. A negative control treatment without supplementation was also included. All the treatments had eight repetitions of 22 birds per experimental unit. The methionine levels were obtained by the substitution of starch from the experimental diets. The dietary nutritional levels followed the conventional patterns of a Brazilian Integration. The treatments with the respective methionine sources were: T1 - Control Basal diet (without supplementation), T2 - Level 1 (MHA-FA) with 50% of the level added to the commercial diet; T4 - Level 2 (MHA-FA) with 100% and the T6 - Level 3 (MHA-FA) with 150% of the commercial diet supplementation. The three treatments supplemented with DLM, T3, T5 and T7 contained 65% of the amount of MHA-FA used for the treatments 2, 4 and 6, respectively. In the pre- starter phase the total Met + Cis levels were, 0,748; 0,910; 0,868; 1,072; 0,987; 1,234; 1,107 % for treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, respectively. In the starter phase the total Met + Cis levels were, 0,675; 0,807; 0,773; 0,938; 0,869; 1,070; 0,967% for treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, respectively. In the growing/finishing phase the levels were of 0,641; 0,733; 0,709; 0,822; 0,775; 0,914; 0,843% for treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, respectively. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and production factor were determined. Comparing MHA-FA (T2, T4 and T6) and DLM (T3, T5 and T7) within each supplementation level there was not significant differences (P>0,01) among the treatments, except for the period of 01 -10 days where there was significant difference between DLM and MHA for the weight gain at the lowest level of supplementation (T2 vs T3). Birds fed diet without methionine supplementation (T1) had worse weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion in all phases studied (P<0,01), when compared to the birds fed the other treatments (T2 to T7). There was a trend of (P>0,01) for improvement in the birds performance when comparing the intermediate level (Level 2 - T4 and T5) and the high level of supplementation (Level 3 T6 and T7). Taking into consideration all the variable studied it is concluded that 65 parts of DLM is equivalent 100 parts of MHA-FA.
Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito de duas fontes de metionina, a DL-Metionina (DLM - 99%) e a Metionina Hidroxi Análoga em Ácido Livre (MHA-AL - 88%) e três diferentes níveis de suplementação deste aminoácido em dietas comerciais sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 1.232 pintos de corte machos da linhagem Ross, de 01 a 47 dias de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (duas fontes de metionina x três níveis de suplementação) e um tratamento adicional sem suplementação, com oito repetições de 22 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram obtidos pela suplementação de metionina em substituição ao amido da dieta. Os níveis nutricionais das dietas testadas seguiram os padrões convencionais de uma empresa integradora. Os tratamentos com as respectivas fontes de metionina foram identificados como: T1 - Dieta Basal (sem suplementação), T2 - Nível 1 (MHA-AL) contendo 50% de suplementação de MHA presentes nas fórmulas comerciais; T4 - Nível 2 (MHA-AL) contendo 100% e o T6 - Nível 3 (MHA-AL) contendo 150% da suplementação. Os três tratamentos suplementados com DLM, T3, T5 e T7, continham uma quantidade equivalente a 65% da quantidade de MHA-AL utilizada para os tratamentos 2, 4 e 6, respectivamente. Os níveis de Met + Cis total para os tratamentos 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 e 7, respectivamente, foram de 0,748; 0,910; 0,868; 1,072; 0,987; 1,234; 1,107% para a fase pré-inicial; 0,675; 0,807; 0,773; 0,938; 0,869; 1,070; 0,967% para a fase inicial e de 0,641; 0,733; 0,709; 0,822; 0,775; 0,914; 0,843% para a fase crescimento/final. Avaliou-se o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e o fator de produção. Dentro de cada nível de suplementação não houve diferenças significativas (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos contendo 100 partes de MHA-AL (T2, T4 e T6) e 65 partes de DLM (T3, T5 e T7), exceto para o período de 01 a 10 dias de idade, onde houve diferença significativa entre a DLM e MHA-AL para o ganho de peso no menor nível de suplementação (T2 vs T3). As aves alimentadas com dieta sem suplementação de metionina (T1) tiveram menor consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar em todas as fases estudadas (P<0,01), quando comparado às aves alimentadas com os outros tratamentos (T2 a T7). Mesmo não havendo diferenças significativas (P>0,01), houve melhora no desempenho entre o nível intermediário (Nível 2 - T4 e T5) e o superior (Nível 3 -T6 e T7) de suplementação. Assim, com base nos parâmetros desempenho avaliados, conclui-se que 65 partes de DLM são equivalentes a 100 partes de MHA-AL.

Thesis (M. Sc. Agriculture (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary methionine level on productivity and carcass characteristics of Ross 308 broiler chickens. In each experiment, the diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous but with different dietary methionine levels. Five diets were formulated to contain dietary methionine levels of 4, 5, 6, 8 or 9g/kg DM. The first experiment commenced with 300 unsexed Ross 308 broiler chickens with initial average live weights of 42 ± 2g per chicken. The chickens were randomly assigned to five treatments with five replications, resulting in 25-floor pens with 12 chickens per replicate. The second experiment commenced with 150 male Ross 308 broiler chickens with initial average live weight of 637 ± 12g per chicken. The chickens were randomly assigned to five treatments with three replications, resulting in 15-floor pens with 10 chickens per replicate. A complete randomized design was used in each experiment. Data was analysed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedures of the statistical analysis of variance, Version 9.3.1 software program. Where there were significant differences, mean separation was done using the Tukey test at the 5% level of significance. A quadratic regression model was used to determine the optimal productivity of the chickens while a linear model was used to determine the relationships between dietary methionine level and responses by the chickens in the variables measured. The treatments for the first experiment were UM4 (4g methionine/kg DM), UM5 (5g methionine/kg DM), UM6 (6g methionine/kg DM), UM8 (8g methionine/kg DM) and UM9 (9g methionine/kg DM). Feed intake, growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), metabolisable energy intake and nitrogen retention of unsexed Ross 308 broiler chickens aged one to 21 days were not affected (P>0.05) by dietary methionine level. Similarly, dietary methionine level did not have any effect (P>0.05) on diet crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and fat digestibilities in unsexed Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 14 to 21 days. Dietary methionine level did not have any effect on live weights of broiler chickens at 21 days. Live weights of unsexed Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 7 or 14 days were not improved (P>0.05) by increasing dietary methionine level from 4 to 9g/kg DM. Crop, gizzard and small intestine weights and crop, proventriculus and gizzard digesta pH values of unsexed Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 21 days were not affected v (P>0.05) by dietary methionine level. Similarly, dietary methionine level did not improve (P>0.05) caecum and large intestine lengths of unsexed Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 21 days. However, dietary methionine level affected (P<0.05) dry matter (DM) and ash digestibilities of unsexed Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 14 to 21 days. Proventriculus and large intestine weights, gastrointestinal tract and small intestine lengths of unsexed Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 21 days were improved (P<0.05) by increasing dietary methionine level. In addition, increasing dietary methionine level increased (P<0.05) small and large intestine digesta pH values of broiler chickens aged 21 days. Thus, dry matter digestibility, live weights at day 7 ad 14, caecum length, large intestine length and digesta pH were optimized at different dietary methionine levels of 7.26, 5.29, 4.99, 6.80, 4.84 and 6.37g/kg DM feed, respectively. The treatments for the second experiment were MM4 (4g methionine/kg DM), MM5 (5g methionine/kg DM), MM6 (6g methionine/kg DM), MM8 (8g methionine/kg DM) and MM9 (9g methionine/kg DM). Dietary methionine level did not have effect (P>0.05) on feed intake of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 6 weeks. However, dietary methionine level improved (P<0.05) feed intake of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 4 or 5 weeks. Live weights of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 28 days were not affected (P>0.05) by dietary methionine level. However, live weights of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 35 and 42 days were affected (P<0.05) by dietary methionine level. Similarly, dietary methionine level affected (P<0.05) DM, CP, ADF, NDF, fat and ash digestibilities of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 35 to 42 days. Thus, dietary methionine levels of 6.93, 7.70, 6.85 and 11.27g/kg DM optimized dry matter, CP and fat digestibilities, and live weight of male broiler chickens aged 42 days. Dietary methionine level did not affect (P>0.05) FCR, growth rate and metabolisable energy intakes of male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Increasing dietary methionine level from 4 to 9g/kg DM improved (P<0.05) nitrogen retention of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 22 to 42 days. Dietary methionine level did not have any effect (P>0.05) on proventriculus, gizzard, caecum and large intestine weights, caecum, small and large intestine lengths, and crop, gizzard, caecum and large intestine digesta pH values of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 42 days. Crop and small vi intestine weights and gastrointestinal tract lengths of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 42 days were improved (P<0.05) by dietary methionine level. Similarly, dietary methionine level affected (P<0.05) proventriculus and small intestine digesta pH values of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 42 days. Thus, dietary methionine levels of 6.558 and 7.851g/kg DM optimized broiler chicken crop weight and GIT length. Dietary methionine level affected (P<0.05) carcass organ weights of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 42 days. Increasing dietary methionine level increased chicken breast meat weight. However, there was no clear trend for the other carcass organs. Meat flavour and shear force values of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 42 days were not affected (P>0.05) by dietary methionine level. However, dietary methionine level affected meat tenderness and juiciness. Thus, dietary methionine levels of 10.09 and 13.32g/kg DM optimized broiler chicken meat tenderness and juiciness. .
National Research Foundation (NRF) and VLIROUS