Journal articles: 'Poultry Methionine'

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Kalbande, V. H., K. Ravikanth, S. Maini, and D. S. Rekhe. "Methionine Supplementation Options in Poultry." International Journal of Poultry Science 8, no. 6 (May 15, 2009): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2009.588.591.

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Bunchasak, Chaiyapoom. "Role of Dietary Methionine in Poultry Production." Journal of Poultry Science 46, no. 3 (2009): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.46.169.

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Gehrke, Charles W., Paul R. Rexroad, Robert M. Schisla, Joseph S. Absheer, and Robert W. Zumwalt. "Quantitative Analysis of Cystine, Methionine, Lysine, and Nine Other Amino Acids by a Single Oxidation-4 Hour Hydrolysis Method." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.1.171.

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Abstract The sulfur-containing amino acids cystine and methionine play important roles in animal, especially avian, nutrition. Because these ndror-containing amino acids are destroyed to varying extents by 6N HC1 hydrolysis, oxidation and hydrolysis of cystine to cysteic add and methionine to methionine sulfone have been widely used for determination of cystine and methionine. Lysine is considered the next limiting amino acid after the sulfur amino acids in poultry •ntrition; therefore, determination of the amino acid content of rations focuses first on these 3 amino acids. The objective of this investigation was to establish whether lysine and other amino acids could be accurately determined in proteinaceous materials which had mdergone performic acid oxidation. To perform this evaluation, lysine was determined in a variety of protein-containing materials both with and without performic acid oxidation. Performic acid oxidation followed by 6N HC1 hydrolysis at 145°C for 4 h allows accurate measurement of 3 amino acids especially important to poultry nutrition, cystine, methionine, and lysine, in a single preoxidized hydralysate; this method can be extended to another 9 protein amino adds.

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Kim, W. K., C. A. Froelich, P. H. Patterson, and S. C. Ricke. "The potential to reduce poultry nitrogen emissions with dietary methionine or methionine analogues supplementation." World's Poultry Science Journal 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 338–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/wps2005103.

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DÍAZ, I. B. ZABALA, F. O. C. CARREON, W. C. ELLIS, and S. C. RICKE. "ASSESSMENT OF AN ESCHERICHIA COLI METHIONINE AUXOTROPH GROWTH ASSAY FOR QUANTIFYING CRYSTALLINE METHIONINE SUPPLEMENTED IN POULTRY FEEDS." Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology 12, no. 3 (October 2004): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2004.tb00060.x.

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Jankowski, Jan, Magdalena Kubińska, and Zenon Zduńczyk. "Nutritional and immunomodulatory function of methionine in poultry diets – a review." Annals of Animal Science 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2013-0081.

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AbstractMethionine (Met) plays many important metabolic functions in humans and animals, and therefore may be classified as a functional amino acid (AA). Functional AAs are defined as those AAs that participate in and regulate key metabolic pathways to improve health, survival, growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. As the first-limiting AA in poultry diets, Met affects poultry production parameters such as body weight gains, feed conversion ratio and carcass quality. The results of many experiments on chickens fed diets with different levels of Met (from 0.3 to 1.2% in the starter period, and from 0.3 to 0.9% in the grower period) indicate that commercial broiler chickens do not require more than 0.50 and 0.38% Met in starter and grower diets, respectively, for optimum growth and feed efficiency, whereas higher inclusion rates of Met are needed to stimulate immune responses. The results of recent experiments on chickens are insufficient to define the optimal dietary levels of Met, which has been shown to exert immunostimulatory activity. A few experiments on layer hens have demonstrated that Met requirements for immune competence are higher than for optimum production, but the inclusion levels of this AA needed to stimulate the immune system of birds have not been defined. In the absence of such research, it remains unknown whether feeding growing turkeys diets supplemented with Met above NCR recommendations, as suggested by B.U.T. (British United Turkeys), stimulates the immune system of birds.

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Chavez, C., C. D. Coufal, R. E. Lacey, and J. B. Carey. "The Impact of Methionine Source on Poultry Fecal Matter Odor Volatiles." Poultry Science 83, no. 3 (March 2004): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.3.359.

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DEMİREL, Ramazan, and Dilek Şentürk DEMİREL. "Meeting of Methionine Essential Amino Acid Requirements in Organic Poultry Production." Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 7, no. 4 (November 27, 2017): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21597/jist.2017.222.

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Ayasan, Tugay. "Use of Copra Meal in Poultry and Ruminant Nutrition." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (January 31, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i2.61-65.560.

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Copra meal (CM) is an important feed ingredient and the by-product of the oil extraction from dried coconut kernels. This product, although copra meal has a moderate protein content (15-25%); because of a high cellulose content (11.63-16.00%) and some limiting amino acids (particularly lysine and methionine), limits its use as a basic source of protein in poultry due to insufficient. Copra meals are more suitable common supplements as both an energy and protein source for ruminants. In this paper, nutritional researches performed with the copra meal usage on poultry and ruminant species have been reviewed.

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Medeiros Santana, Marcelo Helder, Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa, Ricardo Romão Guerra, Jalceyr Pessoa Figueiredo Júnior, Matheus Ramalho De Lima, and Sarah Gomes Pinheiro. "Methionine plus Cystine Levels for Light Laying Hens on Growth Phase." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 53 (February 3, 2021): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-0306a2020v1n53p180-189.

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<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the methionine plus cystine levels in the diets of laying hens during the rearing period (13-18 weeks old). The diets included a control diet formulated according to NRC and five other diets with different levels of this digestible methionine plus cystine (0.317, 0.356, 0.396, 0.436 and 0.475%) that have been based on the recommendations of the Brazilian poultry and swine tables. Performance, serological and histological variables were evaluated. There was linear effect on final body weight, weight gain, methionine plus cystine intake and feed conversion, and quadratic effect on the serum albumin levels, serum protein levels and relative spleen weight. The estimated level of digestible methionine plus cystine were 0.361%, 0.346% and 0.398%, for albumin activity, serum protein and relative weight of spleen, respectively. The different formulation bases significantly influenced the histology of the liver, small intestine and magnum. It is recommended the use of levels above 0.475% of digestible methionine plus cystine for light laying hens with 13-18 weeks old, which corresponded to a ratio of digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine of more than 98%.</p>

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Çadırcı, Şahin, Gonca Özmen Özbakır, and Ayfer Bozkurt Kiraz. "Yüksek Oranda Metiyonin Kullanımının Farklı Canlı Ağırlıktaki Yumurta Tavukları Performans Değerlerine Etkisi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 5 (February 18, 2015): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i5.279-282.259.

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An experiment was conducted with laying hens to determine the effects of feeding excesses of methionine in a practical layer diet. One hundred and thirty two laying hens at 61 weeks of age were used for the experiment. Two body weight groups (light and heavy) and three levels of mehionine were assigned to six groups of laying hen in a 2x3 factorial design. The diets were a 16.5% crude protein corn and soybean meal positive control diet (0.33% methionine), and this diet fortified with 1.00% additional DL-Methionine or 1.50% additional DL-Methionine. The diets were fed ad libitum to the hens for 10 consecutive weeks of production. For the total production period, body weight gain, hen-day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different among any of the treatments in the two body weight groups (P>0.05). The study indicated that considerable tolerance exists in laying hens for individual excesses of the DL-Methionine commonly used as supplement in poultry diets.

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12

Castro, Fernanda Lima de Souza, and Woo K. Kim. "Secondary Functions of Arginine and Sulfur Amino Acids in Poultry Health: Review." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112106.

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Amino acids such as arginine, methionine, and cysteine are the precursors of essential molecules that regulate growth and health, being classified as functional amino acids. This review describes the metabolism of arginine and the sulfur amino acids and how they modulate, directly or indirectly, different tissues. Emphasis is placed on their effects in supporting health during challenging conditions, such as heat stress and Eimeria infection. The use of arginine has been shown to reduce abdominal fat pad in ducks and increase lean tissue and bone mineral density in broilers. Additionally, the sulfur amino acids have been shown to improve bone development and are beneficial during heat stress. The use of L-methionine increased the cortical and trabecular bone mineral densities, in laying hens. Moreover, the dietary inclusion of these amino acids could reduce the damage caused by Eimeria spp. infection by regulating the antioxidant system and cell repair. Understanding how these amino acids can mitigate stressful conditions may provide us novel insights of their use as nutritional strategies to modulate the health status of chickens.

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Oguntoye, M. A., O. M. O. Idowu, and A. O. Oso. "Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed maize-cassava diets supplemented with methionine and inorganic sulphur." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i1.789.

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The major challenges of cassava supplementation in poultry diets are high cyanide and low protein content. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of maize-cassava diets supplemented with methionine and inorganic sulphur for broiler chickens. Atotal of 270 one day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to nine treatment groups of 30 birds with 10 birds per replicate. Starter and finisher diets were formulated and fed for a period of 56 days. Dietary treatments were subjected to completely randomized design. The birds were fed diets supplemented with 0, 125, 250 mg/kg DL-methionine and 0, 125, 250 mg/kg inorganic sulphur from Cu4SO .There was a linear increase in final weight (FW) and total weight gain (TWG) with supplementation of 125mg/kg DL-methionine across dietary sulphur levels at the starter phase. Birds fed diets supplemented with 125 mg/kg DL-methionine and 250 mg/kg inorganic sulphur showed higher (p<0.05values of 463.23g, 424.66g and 2.66 for FW, TWG and feed conversion ratio respectively. The finisher phase followed a similar trend. Carcass yield showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in dress weight, cut part and organ weight in birds fed diets supplemented with 125 mg/kg DL-methionine and 250 mg/kg inorganic sulphur. The findings revealed that birds with diets supplemented with125 mg/kg DL-methionine and 250 mg/kg inorganic sulphur showed improved growth performance and carcass yield. In conclusion from this study supplementation of DL-methionine and inorganic sulphur in diets for broiler chickens resulted in improved growth performance and carcass yield.

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Оrishchuk, О. S., and S. V. Tsap. "Scientific and practical basis for the use of probiotics to improve the quality of poultry products." Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine 8, no. 4 (2020): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32819/2020.84034.

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Science and practice have proved that balanced nutrition involves the intake of the organic, mineral, and biologically active substances in the bird’s body in certain quantities and proportions due to their needs. Balanced poultry feeding is a guarantee of not only high productivity, but also the prevention of diseases that negatively affect the safety of livestock and product quality. Providing poultry with high-quality protein is especially important nowadays. Birds spend more essential amino acids per unit of body weight gain and, accordingly, more of them should be daily supplied to the body with feed. Plant proteins are the basis of grain feeds that contain all eleven essential amino acids required for protein synthesis in the body of chickens, ducks, geese, and turkeys. However, it was revealed that most of these amino acids are concentrated in grain in insufficient quantities and cannot fully satisfy the needs of highly productive poultry. As a result, it is necessary to additionally introduce high-protein supplements into the diet as a source of essential amino acids or use synthetic concentrates of lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan. High-protein supplements are coming in two types – animal and plant-based. From the plant-based ones, soy products are considered the most valuable as a concentrated source of the first limiting amino acid - lysine, and sunflower meal is rich in methionine. And even so, plant-based protein feed is not able to create a complete balance of all essential amino acids. This can be done only if the animal-sourced protein is introduced into the poultry diet in the form of fish meal, meat and bone meal, meat meal, or yeast. Besides, scientific research has proven that yeast can be considered a wonderful natural source of B vitamins. The analysis of scientific research indicates that today there is a wide search and study of various feed supplements that could be a source of complete protein and have in its composition a complete complex of amino acids for birds. There are not enough such high-quality feed additives in Ukraine, and those coming from abroad are distinguished by high cost and are often falsified. Therefore, the use of yeast in poultry diets as long as their industrial production according to the technology based on the state standard is relevant for solving a number of modern poultry farming problems and is of great scientific and practical importance.

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Burley, H. K., K. E. Anderson, P. H. Patterson, and P. B. Tillman. "Formulation challenges of organic poultry diets with readily available ingredients and limited synthetic methionine." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 25, no. 3 (September 2016): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfw012.

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Fanatico, A. C., K. Arsi, I. Upadhyaya, J. Morales Ramos, D. Donoghue, and A. M. Donoghue. "Sustainable Fish and Invertebrate Meals for Methionine and Protein Feeds in Organic Poultry Production." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 27, no. 4 (December 2018): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfy037.

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Beever, D. E., D. J. Napper, and B. Sloan. "Use of protected amino acids to increase duodenal amino acid supply in lactating dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960001802x.

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Augmenting the supply of specific amino acids to pigs and poultry is straightforward cbinpared with ruminants where fermentation in the forestomach may reduce the proportion of the supplement which ultimately reaches the small intestine. Recently there have been several attempts to develop amino acid supplements which escape rumen degradation, thus optimising the increase in duodenal amino acid supply. The work reported in this study provides an in vivo assessment of one such product - namely lysine and methionine coated with a pH sensitive polymer.

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Sordi, Carina, Fernando de Castro Tavernari, Diego Surek, Laudete Maria Sartoretto, Tiago Goulart Petrolli, and Carlos Jônatas de Sousa Teixeira. "Sorption isotherms of ingredients and diets for poultry." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): e828997729. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7729.

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This study aimed to determine sorption isotherms of ingredient and poultry diet. The samples were encapsulated in capsules and dehydrated by oven-drying in a desiccator for more than 24 hours. The samples were transferred to desiccator containing water in the base and placed in the oven, with one sample of each material being removed at incremental intervals. The sample was weighed and for determination of water activity and for dry matter. The moisture and water activity data were evaluated by eight mathematical models. The GAB mathematical model fitted the experimental data to constitute the isotherm for each material. Type II sorption isotherms were found, except for BHT: demonstrated values that did not fit the isotherm determination. The hygroscopic behavior of the ingredients in ascending order were: L- threonine, limestone, BHT, DL- methionine, L-valine, L- tryptophan, phosphate, kaolin, vitamin supplement, salt, mycotoxin deactivator, pelleted rooster diet, mash rooster diet, mash layer diet, pelleted layer diet, corn, bacitracin zinc, vitamin mineral supplement, phytase, rice bran, wheat bran, mineral supplement, soybean meal, coccidiostat, L- Lysine HCl and choline chloride. Ingredients and diets have different hygroscopic behavior: can lead to deterioration and low accuracy in nutritional values of diet, since formulation is based on as-is fed basis.

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Kumari, Mannu, and Jitendra Kumar. "Chicken feather waste degradation by Alternaria tenuissima and its application on plant growth." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, no. 3 (September 7, 2020): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i3.2345.

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The use of chicken as food is rising day today and as byproduct 8.5 billion tons, poultry feathers are produced worldwide, whereas India contributes about 350 million tons per annum. It is a waste product of poultry industries, are considered a potential high-quality protein supplement owing to their crude protein content of more than 85%. In the present study Alternaria tenuissima a keratinophilic fungus was used for feather degradation in submerged state fermentation and soil. Total Protein releases were studied in submerged state fermentation by A. tenuissima are 122µg/ml and 238µg/ml in 15 and 25 days respectively. Lysine, Methionine, Cysteine and Valine were found 15.8, 6.8, 20.2, 7.5 µg/ml in 25 days, respectively. Chicken feathers were mixed with soil and inoculated with spore suspension for degradation of complex keratin protein into simpler organic forms. A. tenuissima degraded feathers in soil and enhances nutritional value. Five-gram feathers in 250 g soil mixtures were found better growth enhancers and increased height. This work will reduce the solid waste generated in the form of feathers from the poultry industry, and convert it into a simpler organic form that can be used by plants.

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Sałek, Piotr, Wiesław Przybylski, Danuta Jaworska, Lech Adamczak, Dorota Zielińska, and Artur Głuchowski. "The effects on the quality of poultry meat of supplementing feed with zinc-methionine complex." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria 19, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/j.afs.0756.

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21

Miles, R. D., N. Ruiz, and R. H. Harms. "Factors Influencing the Response of Methionine, Choline and Inorganic Sulfate Supplementation to Practical Poultry Diets12." Professional Animal Scientist 2, no. 2 (December 1986): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)32432-3.

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22

Márquez, Enrique, Mariela Bracho, Anangelina Archile, Lisbeth Rangel, and Betty Benítez. "Proteins, isoleucine, lysine and methionine content of bovine, porcine and poultry blood and their fractions." Food Chemistry 93, no. 3 (December 2005): 503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.10.030.

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Siljander-Rasi, H., K. Tiihonen, S. Peuranen, and P. H. Simmins. "The effect of equi-molar dietary betaine and choline addition on performance and carcass quality of pigs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200003896.

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Betaine has three chemically reactive methyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom of the glycine molecule. Therefore, it can be used as a methyl group donor partially to replace methionine in poultry and pig diets. Recent work also suggests that betaine has an energy sparing role by reducing maintenance requirement of the pig (Schrama and Gerrits, 2000). Betaine has improved performance and carcass leanness in some studies but the results are variable and seem to depend on age and sex of the animal, feeding level and diet composition.Choline can also be used as methyl donor in animal feeds. In poultry, methyl groups are available after the conversion to betaine in the liver. However, dietary betaine is twice as efficient as the equi-molar dietary choline for increasing liver betaine levels in broiler chick (Saarinen et al., 2000). The aim of this study was to compare the response of pigs fed equi-molar betaine and choline in terms of pig performance and carcass characteristics.

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I. Hamid, Ibrahim. "Investigations into the Addition of Herbal Methionine (Phytonin) As Substitute of Synthetic Methionine in Poultry Feeds 2-Effect of Herbal Methionine (Phytonin) Supplementation on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicks." International Journal of Poultry Science 13, no. 8 (July 15, 2014): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2014.484.488.

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Nair, Sonu S., Tapan Kumar Singh Chauhan, Manoj Kumawat, Ratanti Sarkhel, Shekhar Apoorva, Arijit Shome, V. Athira, Bablu Kumar, Abhishek, and Manish Mahawar. "Deletion of both methionine sulfoxide reductase A and methionine sulfoxide reductase C genes renders Salmonella Typhimurium highly susceptible to hypochlorite stress and poultry macrophages." Molecular Biology Reports 48, no. 4 (April 2021): 3195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06381-2.

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I. Hamid, Ibrahim. "Investigations into the Addition of Herbal Methionine (Phytonin) As a Substitute of Synthetic Methionine in Poultry Feeds 1-Effect of Herbal Methionine (Phytonin) Supplementation on Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens." International Journal of Poultry Science 13, no. 8 (July 15, 2014): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2014.480.483.

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Sałek, Piotr, Wiesław Przybylski, Danuta Jaworska, Lech Adamczak, Dorota Zielińska, and Artur Głuchowski. "The effects on the quality of poultry meat of supplementing feed with zinc-methionine complex [pdf]." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria 19, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/j.afs.2020.0756.

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Pérez, L., I. Fernández-Figares, R. Nieto, J. F. Aguilera, and C. Prieto. "Amino acid ileal digestibility of some grain legume seeds in growing chickens." Animal Science 56, no. 2 (April 1993): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100021346.

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AbstractThe apparent and true amino acid (AA) digestibility from soya-bean meal (SBM), vetch meal (VM), field pea meal (FPM) and bitter vetch meal (BVM) were determined in the lower ileum of growing chickens force-fed on semisynthetic diets (120 g crude protein and 13·1 MJ metabolizable energy per kg dry matter) based on each meal as the sole source of protein. The average apparent and true digestibility values were 0·82, 0·73, 0·76 and 0·60 and 0·90, 0·91, 0·87 and 0·74 for diets SBM, VM, FPM and BVM, respectively. Marked differences in AA digestibility among diets were found. The apparent digestibility of methionine, the most limiting essential AA in poultry diets, was significantly higher in diet SBM than in diets FPM and BVM (P < 0·05). It is concluded that the seeds of vetch and field pea may be suitable for inclusion in poultry diets as partial substitutes for soya bean. The use of bitter vetch is not recommended.

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Chohan, A. K., M. A. McNiven, R. M. G. Hamilton, and J. A. MacLeod. "High protein and low trypsin inhibitor varieties of full-fat soybeans in broiler chicken starter diets." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 73, no. 2 (June 1, 1993): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas93-042.

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Two broiler growth trials of randomized block design were conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of two new varieties of full-fat soybeans (SB) in starter diets. Use of the high protein (HP) SB (44% CP) has the potential to replace conventional soybeans in poultry rations and reduce the amount of SB needed. Use of the low-trypsin inhibitor (LTI) SB may eliminate the cost of heat treatment before feeding to poultry. The protein sources were raw SB (39% CP, 70 Trypsin Inhibitor Units (TIU) g−1 DM), autoclaved SB, autoclaved HP SB, LTI (42 TIU g−1 DM) and commercially roasted SB. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Supplementation of diets with 0.3% DL-methionine was also studied, as the antiproteolytic activity of the TI makes sulphur amino acids less available for growth. Mean body weight gains, feed efficiency, dry matter and crude protein digestibilities and total carcass protein and energy content of the chickens fed HP, autoclaved or roasted SB were superior (P < 0.05) to those fed the raw SB diet. Performance of the chickens fed the HP SB diet was similar to those on the roasted SB diet. Growth and feed conversion of chicks fed the LTI diet were similar to those fed the raw SB diet. However, mean pancreas weights of the chicks fed LTI were lower (P < 0.001) than those fed raw SB which could be due to the lower trypsin inhibitor activity of the LTI beans. Chickens given the methionine supplemented LTI diet made greater weight gains (P < 0.05) than those on the nonsupplemented diet. Heat treatment is required for the LTI beans. Full-fat HP soybeans may replace conventional soybean meal in broiler chicken starter diets if the formulation is adjusted for the differences in their protein and fat contents. Key words: Soybeans, trypsin inhibitor, broiler, chicken growth

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Vyayzenen, G. N., S. V. Razaev, A. G. Vyayzenen, N. S. Prodanov, A. E. Barashkov, K. A. Ambartsumova, and E. M. Pavlova. "Improving the fattening and meat traits of broiler chickens." Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production), no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-05-2101-04.

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In order to save the cost of expensive compound feed, a number of biologically active substances (vitamins and amino acids) and improve the digestibility of nutrients for the first time in poultry meat using laser technology there is a real possibility of “transferring” the studied amino acids (methionine, glycine) and all water-soluble vitamins using a laser beam through the skin in the breast area of broiler chickens. The research has been carried out in Belgrankorm-Veliky Novgorod LLC in the Krestetsky district in the Novgorod region with a large-cage housing method of broiler chickens of the cross Hubbard. The duration of broilers rearing was 39 days, 4 recipes of compound feed based on wheat grain, corn, soybeen meal with the inclusion of fish flour, sunflower oil, corn gluten, sunflower meal, meat and bone meal and mineral additives (monocalcium phosphate, lime flour) have been used. For better assimilation of nutrients and biologically active substances by the body amino acids (methionine, glycine) and water-soluble vitamins Undevit, both individually and in combination with them in a ratio of 1:1 (by weight), in the form of powders passed through an infra-red laser beam in a spatial modulator, which were attached to two emitters (simultaneously) of the “Uzor-2K-Super” laser in the chest area have been used. Broilers of the experimental groups ate feed more often and faster than the herdmates of the control group. Air ozonation in the poultry house and broilers has been carried out in a mobile way using the Rios ozonator of the Decont series (mode 3, with a capacity of 20 g/m3 ). Innovative methods of influencing on the body caused the increase in the intensity of metabolic processes, growth and development, fattening and meat traits, and feed conversion in broilers.

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Albrecht, Antonia, Ulrike Herbert, Dennis Miskel, Celine Heinemann, Carina Braun, Sophia Dohlen, Johanna O. Zeitz, Klaus Eder, Behnam Saremi, and Judith Kreyenschmidt. "Effect of methionine supplementation in chicken feed on the quality and shelf life of fresh poultry meat." Poultry Science 96, no. 8 (August 2017): 2853–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex071.

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Ryvak, Н. P., G. I. Boyko, R. O. Ryvak, and S. V. Davydovych. "COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF PROTEIN VALUE OF FEED RAW MATERIALS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-2.22.

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The article presents a literature review on the need to balance feed for farm animals and poultry on the content of complete protein, which contains a complete set of essential and essential amino acids, the characteristics of feed materials of animal origin in relation to its protein value. The section "Materials and methods" presents methods for determining: crude protein by the Kjeldahl method, digestible protein with 0,2 % pepsin, and the coefficient of digestibility, and the principles of testing, as well as characteristics of methods for determining the content of essential and non-essential amino acids. incl. sulfur-containing, using the system of capillary electrophoresis "Kapel-105M". As a result of the conducted researches it is established that in terms of protein value (digestible protein and digestibility coefficient) feather flour is the least valuable, it is also poor in lysine, methionine, tryptophan and histidine, compared to other types of raw materials, despite hydrolysis and high heat treatment. Meat and bone meal are also less valuable in terms of digestible protein and essential amino acids. The best indicators of protein value were observed in dry blood plasma in terms of digestible protein content and digestibility coefficient, which is 89.9%, which indicates its good digestibility by animals and poultry. In terms of digestible protein, essential amino acids and digestibility, meat, blood meal and dry blood plasma are the most valuable. Due to this, these products are effective in feeding for protein synthesis of livestock and poultry products.

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Nikulin, V. N., and A. S. Mustafina. "Influence of the complex of amino acids and silicon dioxide on the productivity and quality of meat of broiler chickens." Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production), no. 8 (July 15, 2021): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-05-2108-05.

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In order to increase the meat productivity of poultry scientists around the all world are working to improve the breeding traits and technologies of housing and feeding. However, the efficiency of poultry meat production on an industrial basis depends not only on the strengthening and inheritance of breed qualities, but also on a complete and balanced feeding, including the use of new feed additives. All this generally affects the duration of rearing, the average daily and absolute live weight gains, the biological value and nutritional value of poultry meat produced in industrial conditions. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of the amino acid complex and silicon dioxide on the productivity and quality of broiler chicken meat. The paper scientifi cally substantiates and experimentally proves the effectiveness of using a rational dose of ultrafine silicon dioxide (300 mg/kg of feed) and the complex of amino acids (arginine – 7 g/kg, lysine – 6 g/kg, methionine – 2 g/kg) in the rearing of broiler chickens. Data on the positive influence of the studied factor on the consumption, digestibility and use of feed nutrients, as well as meat productivity and quality of broiler chicken meat have been obtained. The dependence of meat productivity and quality of chicken meat on physiological and biochemical parameters has been proved. Analysis of the results of the production experiment has been shown that the livability of poultry in the experimental group was higher than the control group by 1,4 %. This made it possible to reduce feed consumption to 100 g/head, and feed consumption per 1 kg of chicken growth in the experimental group by 9,2 %. Activation of metabolic processes of the body of broiler chickens of the experimental group contributed to the increase in their live weight, which increased the weight of the gutted carcass, the yield of meat by 13,8 %, and meat with off al for sale by 18,0 %. The efficiency of the complex application of amino acids and silicon dioxide in the production of poultry meat is economically justified.

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Shpynova, S., O. Yadrishchenskaya, T. Selina, and E. Basova. "Effectiveness of using naked oat in compound feed for quails." Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production), no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-05-2009-01.

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The development of industrial poultry farming requires not only the breeding of new highly productive poultry breeds, but also the development of new rearing technologies and the improvement of standardized nutrition. Currently, in the field of feeding farm animals and poultry an important research area is the search for cheaper non-traditional and affordable feed products that can replace part of the grain in the poultry diet. It is very important to use local raw materials. One of these crops is naked oat, which has the highest energy content, the highest concentration of lysine and methionine among all cereals. The purpose of the researches was to determine the eff ectiveness of using naked oat in compound feed for quails. The results of the influence of complete nutrient-balanced compound feeds with naked oat on zootechnical and economic indicators in the rearing of quails have been presented in the article. It has been found that the live weight of quails in the experimental group has been increased by 3,06 %, while the average daily feed consumption has been increased by 1,83 %. Feed expenditures per 1 kg of live weight gain in the experimental group have been lower by 1,31 % due to the absorption of feed nutrients. According to the results of the balance experiment, the digestibility of raw protein has increased by 1,90, fat by 0,41 %, nitrogen-free extractive substances by 2,77 %. When calculating economic indicators, it has been found that the use of naked oat in compound feed for quails allowed to increase the yield of meat and revenue from its sale by 3,75 %. Despite an increase in the total cost of feed consumed by the experimental group by 2,27 %, the profi t has been received by 9,59 % more. The level of profi tability of quail meat production in the experimental group exceeded the indicator of the control group by 3,40 %.

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Ullrich, Cristina, Marion Langeheine, Ralph Brehm, Venja Taube, Mercedes Rosillo Galera, Karl Rohn, Johanna Popp, and Christian Visscher. "Influence of Different Methionine Sources on Performance and Slaughter Characteristics of Broilers." Animals 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9110984.

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Sustainably produced poultry meat with consideration of animal health poses a challenge for broiler production. Low protein diets with high amounts of synthetic amino acids (AAs) like methionine (Met) are the consequence. In a five-week feeding trial, 360 broilers (Ross 308) assigned to four feeding groups were offered protein-reduced complete diets (starter: 20% crude protein (CP); grower: 18.5% CP; finisher: 17.5% CP), supplemented with essential AAs. The “MHA” group received DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA; trade name: MHA®), groups “L” and “DL” the respective Met source in equivalent concentrations each exceeding the nutritional recommendations. “R-MHA” (“R” for “reduced”) received the minimum required level (using MHA as Met source). Performance exceeded performance goals without differences between the groups. The average feed conversion ratio (FCR) amounted to 1.35. The carcass/body weight ratio of R-MHA was significantly lower (0.782) compared to DL (0.808) and L (0.809). Breast meat of R-MHA contained significantly more fat (144 g/kg dry matter (DM)) compared to L (104 g/kg DM) and significantly lower CP content (R-MHA: 838 g/kg DM; L: 875 g/kg DM). The results indicated possible improvement in slaughter yield by protein-reduced diets supplemented with L-Met, thus recommending further research focusing on the Met influence.

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Alkhtib, Ashraf, Dawn Scholey, Nicholas Carter, Gareth W. V. Cave, Belal I. Hanafy, Siani R. J. Kempster, Subbareddy Mekapothula, Eve T. Roxborough, and Emily J. Burton. "Bioavailability of Methionine-Coated Zinc Nanoparticles as a Dietary Supplement Leads to Improved Performance and Bone Strength in Broiler Chicken Production." Animals 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091482.

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Recently, nanotechnology has been widely adopted in many fields. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential for amino acid coated nano minerals as a supplement in broiler feed. Zinc was selected as a model mineral for this test and supplementation of nano zinc, both coated and uncoated was compared with organic and inorganic commercial forms of zinc. A total of 48 pens (8 birds each) were assigned to one of the following dietary treatments: Control, methionine-Zinc chelate (M-Zn), nano zinc oxide (Nano-ZnO), and methionine coated nano zinc oxide (M-Nano-ZnO). All experimental diets were formulated with the same total zinc, methionine, protein, and energy content with just the zinc source as a variable. Bird weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratios were recorded weekly, with three birds culled (sacrificed) at day 21 and day 35 for sampling measures. Ileal digestibility of zinc was determined at day 21 and day 35 using titanium dioxide as an inert marker. Blood serum, liver and spleen samples were collected at day 21 and day 35 and analysed for zinc content via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Tibia strength and morphometrics were measured from both legs of three birds per pen at day 21 and day 35. The study was conducted at Nottingham Trent University Poultry Unit, UK. The novel method of producing nano minerals coated with amino acids was successfully tested with zinc and material produced to test in the feeding study. Methionine coated nano zinc oxide supplementation significantly improved bird weight gain and the increased feed intake of broilers compared to an inorganic zinc form. Ileal digestibility was also improved with this methionine-nano zinc. Moreover, this supplementation improved the tibia strength of broilers at the age of 21 days, though this was not observed at day 35. Therefore, M-Nano-ZnO could be used to supplement broilers to improve both performance and digestibility with a limited positive impact on bone strength. The results of the current study suggest that the amino acid coating of nano minerals can improve the digestibility of minerals which may have further implications for the field of mineral nutrition in animal feeds.

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Reinecke, A. J., and J. N. Alberts. "The chemical and ammo acid composition of the compost worm Eisenia fetida as potential protein source in animal feeds." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 6, no. 4 (March 17, 1987): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v6i4.960.

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There is an increasing demand for protein rich materials in the animal feed industry in South Africa. Intensive cattle husbandry as well as abattoirs are producing large quantities of organic waste, the protein content of which is not utilized. The compost worm, Eisenia fetida, can be reared in large numbers on this waste. This opens up the possibility to recover waste protein if E. fetida could be used as a protein source in animal feeds. The value of the protein was therefore researched by determining the general chemical composition and amino acid composition. The earthworm meal contained all the essential amino acids required in poultry feeds, in favourable ratios. The methionine and lysine availability was higher than that of fish meal.

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Eklund, M., E. Bauer, J. Wamatu, and R. Mosenthin. "Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock." Nutrition Research Reviews 18, no. 1 (June 2005): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr200493.

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AbstractThe present review summarises the potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine as a feed additive in relation to performance criteria in livestock production. Betaine, the trimethyl derivative of the amino acid glycine, is a metabolite of plant and animal tissues. In plants, betaine is particularly synthesised and accumulated as an osmoprotectant against salt and temperature stress. In animals, betaine is the product of choline oxidation or it originates from nutritional sources. Over the past decades, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the potential effects of betaine supplementation on animal performance. Due to its chemical structure, betaine shows the characteristics of a dipolar zwitterion resulting in osmoprotective properties. Promoting effects on the intestinal tract against osmotic stress occurring during diarrhoea or coccidiosis have been reported following betaine supplementation in pigs and poultry. There is also some evidence that dietary betaine may improve the digestibility of specific nutrients. As a product of choline oxidation, betaine is involved in transmethylation reactions of the organism. Betaine as a methyl donor provides its labile methyl groups for the synthesis of several metabolically active substances such as creatine and carnitine. Supplementation with betaine may decrease the requirement for other methyl donors such as methionine and choline. There is also some evidence for enhanced methionine availability after dietary supplementation of betaine resulting in improved animal performance. Alterations in the distribution pattern of protein and fat in the body have been reported following betaine supplementation. A more efficient use of dietary protein may result from a methionine-sparing effect of betaine, but also direct interactions of betaine with metabolism-regulating factors have to be considered. Though the mode of action of betaine as a carcass modifier remains open, there is, however, growing evidence that betaine could have a positive impact both on animal performance and carcass quality.

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Poberezhets, Y. "INFLUENCE OF PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVE «ENTERO-ACTIVE» ON AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF BROILER CHICKEN MEAT." Topical issues of processing of meat and milk raw materials, no. 14 (December 14, 2020): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2220-8755-2019-14-270-278.

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The research has proved that the usage of probiotyk in feeding of broiler chicken facilitate increasing of the digestibility of amino acids including irreplaceable. Revealed that the digestibility of amino acids was highest in broilers consumption average dose supplements investigated. It should be noted that the increased digestibility of the essential probiotic amino acids, such as: lysine, histidine, arginine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine. Thus, the use of probiotic supplements improve the usefulness of protein supply. Such positive changes result in the increasing of broiler efficiency. The research has proved that the usage of different doses of probiotic supplements «Entero-active» has positively effects on amino acid content in meat of broiler chickens. Specifically, the thoracic and femoral muscles of poultry raised the level of most essential amino acids. Thus, consumption of probiotic feed broilers improves meat quality.

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Upadhyaya, I., K. Arsi, A. Fanatico, B. R. Wagle, S. Shrestha, A. Upadhyay, C. N. Coon, et al. "Bigheaded Carp-Based Meal as a Sustainable and Natural Source of Methionine in Feed for Ecological and Organic Poultry Production." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 28, no. 4 (December 2019): 1131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfz077.

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Burley, H. K., P. H. Patterson, and K. E. Anderson. "Alternative ingredients for providing adequate methionine in organic poultry diets in the United States with limited synthetic amino acid use." World's Poultry Science Journal 71, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043933915002196.

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Burley, H. K., P. H. Patterson, and K. E. Anderson. "Alternative feeding strategies and genetics for providing adequate methionine in organic poultry diets with limited use of synthetic amino acids." World's Poultry Science Journal 72, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043933915002688.

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Igbasan, F. A., W. Guenter, and B. A. Slominski. "Field peas: Chemical composition and energy and amino acid availabilities for poultry." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a96-103.

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Twelve pea cultivars (yellow-, green- and brown-seeded) were evaluated for chemical composition and digestibility in poultry. The evaluation involved analyses for protein, amino acids (AAs), fat, starch, dietary fibre, ash, calcium, phosphorus and tannins. True metabolizable energy [nitrogen corrected (TMEn) and uncorrected (TME)] and true AA bioavailability values were also determined with adult cockerels. The cultivars showed a wide range of protein (207.5–264.0 g kg−1) and starch (385.3–436.8 g kg−1) contents which were not related to the seed coat colours. The concentrations of several AAs varied among the cultivars. With the exception of arginine, the concentrations of all other essential AAs on a protein basis decreased as protein levels increased. Out of 10 essential AAs including cystine, only arginine had a positive correlation (r = 0.79) with protein content. The dietary fibre contents varied between 190.7 and 223.1 g kg−1 and the values were slightly higher in the brown-seeded cultivars. The brown-seeded cultivars contained appreciable quantities of tannins, while the yellow- and green-seeded cultivars were devoid of tannins. The cultivars were almost devoid of fat and calcium but relatively high in phosphorus. Starch and dietary fibre were negatively correlated with protein content (r = −0.78 and −0.46, respectively), and accounted for the greatest difference in protein content. The TME values ranged from 11.6 to 13.3 MJ kg−1 while the TMEn values ranged from 11.0 to 12.9 MJ kg−1. The mean availabilities of AAs ranged from a high of 89.6 to a low of 75.9%, with total sulphur AAs (cystine and methionine) having the lowest value and glutamic acid having the highest value. There was a trend (P ≤ 0.05) towards lower AA bioavailability values in the brown-seeded cultivars. It can be concluded that these cultivars varied in chemical composition, metabolizable energy content and bioavailability of AAs. Key words: Field peas, composition, digestibility, chicken, poultry

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Wiryawan, K. G., and J. G. Dingle. "Screening tests of the protein quality of grain legumes for poultry production." British Journal of Nutrition 74, no. 5 (November 1995): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950170.

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Three screening tests for protein quality, modified limiting amino acid score (MLAAS), net weight gain (NWG) and net protein ratio (NPR), were compared. Two experiments using young broiler chickens were conducted in a temperature-controlled room at 28·5 ± 0·5° with no adaptation to cages and diets, or at 31 ± 0·5° with 2 d adaptation to cages and diets. Nine isoenergetic diets containing nominally 100 g crude protein/kg supplied by legume meals and one isoenergetic N-free diet were randomly allocated to chicks in single cages in each side of a four-tier battery brooder. Each dietary treatment had eight replicates. The chickens had access ad lib. to diet and drinking water throughout a 14 d observation period. Body weight and feed were measured at the start on day 7 and at the end on day 21. The results indicated that keeping the chickens at 31 ± 0·5° and giving them a 2 d adaptation period decreased the variability of chickens' responses to each treatment. MLAAS, NWG and NPR methods could distinguish legume proteins of high, medium and low feed values. MLAAS correlated well with NWG (r 0·90; P < 0·001) and NPR (r 0·78; P < 0·01) in evaluating the protein quality of grain legumes used as sole sources of protein for meat chickens. However, MLAAS did not predict the exact order of NWG and NPR. Growth was limited because dietary methionine, the first limiting amino acid, provided only 27·6–55·2% of the recommended proportion in the protein. Although the results should be interpreted cautiously since a small sample size was used, it was concluded that the MLAAS calculation could be used as a reasonable estimate of the relative protein quality of most grain legumes, but that NWG and NPR were better methods as they detected limiting factors other than limiting amino acids in raw and processed legumes.

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Huang, Guangping, Sixin Zhang, Chunxue Zhou, Xiaoli Tang, Chao Li, Chaoyue Wang, Xinming Tang, et al. "Influence ofEimeria falciformisInfection on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Pathways in Mice." Infection and Immunity 86, no. 5 (February 12, 2018): e00073-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00073-18.

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ABSTRACTCoccidiosis, caused by different species ofEimeriaparasites, is an economically important disease of poultry and livestock worldwide. Here we report previously unknown alterations in the gut microbes and metabolism of BALB/c mice infected withEimeria falciformis. Specifically, we observed a significant shift in the abundance of cecal bacteria and disrupted metabolism in parasitized animals. The relative abundances ofLachnospiraceaebacterium NK4A136,Ruminiclostridium,Alistipes, andLactobacillusdeclined in response toE. falciformisinfection, whereasEscherichia,Shigella,Helicobacter,Klebsiella, andBacteroideswere increased. Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolites in the serum samples of infected mice were significantly altered compared to naïve controls. Levels of amino acids, including asparagine, histidine,l-cysteine, tryptophan, lysine, glycine, serine, alanine, proline, ornithine, methionine, and valine, decreased on day 7 postinfection before returning to baseline on day 14. In addition, increased levels of indolelactate and mannitol and a reduced amount of oxalic acid indicated impaired carbon metabolism upon parasitic infection. These data demonstrate that intestinal coccidial infection perturbs the microbiota and disrupts carbon and nitrogen metabolism.

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Klemesrud, M. J., T. J. Klopfenstein, and A. J. Lewis. "Complementary responses between feather meal and poultry by-product meal with or without ruminally protected methionine and lysine in growing calves." Journal of Animal Science 76, no. 7 (1998): 1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1998.7671970x.

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Fagundes, Cleber, Evandro De Abreu Fernandes, and Fernanda Heloisa Litz. "Whole and ground grain sorghum and the free choice feeding system in broiler diets." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n1p389.

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This experiment evaluates the zootechnical performance, yield of cuts, carcass composition, and intake of metabolizable energy, lysine, and methionine + cystine in male broilers from 21 to 42 days of age fed diets based on whole and ground grain sorghum and corn. A total of 112 birds of the Cobb 500 lineage were divided into 28 cages (four animals per cage) in a completely randomized design with four treatments and seven replications. Treatments consisted of diets based on ground corn and soybean meal (control, T1), ground sorghum and soybean meal (treatment 2, T2), whole grain sorghum and soybean meal (treatment 3, T3), and the diet T3 separated in feeders in the fractions (a) whole grain sorghum and (b) concentrate containing the other ingredients of the mixed feed (free choice feeding) (treatment 4, T4). The variables feed intake, body weight, feed conversion, viability, breast, drumstick and thigh yield , bromatological composition of breast and drumstick + thigh, and daily intakes of metabolizable energy, lysine and methionine + cystine were studied. The whole grain sorghum in diets is viable, contributes to reducing factory and logistics costs in the poultry industry, and promotes the same results of zootechnical performance, yields, and bromatological composition of cuts when compared to diets with ground corn and sorghum. Diets with whole grain sorghum in the free choice feeding system may be a viable alternative because birds sought to meet their daily needs for metabolizable energy and digestible amino acids even in short periods of adaptation to the diets, as demonstrated in the experiment.

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Pasaribu, T., E. B. Laconi, and I. P. Kompiang. "Evaluation of the nutrient contents of palm kernel cake fermented by microbial cocktails as a potential feedstuff for poultry." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 44, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.44.3.295-302.

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The aims of this research were to improve the nutritive value of palm kernel cake by fermentation technology using Bacillus amyloliquefacien, Trichoderma harzianum and cocktail microbes (combination of Bacillus amyloliquefacien and Trichoderma harzianum). Data were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design Factorial, with experiments consisting of types of microbes (B. amyloliquefaciens, T. harzianum, microbial cocktail) as treatment and incubation time (0, 3, 5, and 7 days). Parameters were crude protein and crude fiber for all treatments, and the lowest fiber analysis would continue with NDF, ADF, crude fat, and amino acids. Result showed that the three of microbes grew on palm kernel meal in third incubation and grew on and in the substrate at 7 days. microbial cocktails increased protein and reduced crude fiber better than B. amyloliquefacien and T. harzianum on palm kernel cake fermentation technology. Cocktail microbes enhanced amino acids such as methionine, arginine, and glutamic acid, also neutral detergent fiber but reduced ADF and hemicellulose. It was concluded that the palm kernel cake fermented with microbial cocktails can reduced crude fiber and increase crude protein with an incubation period of 7 days.

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Mátis, Gábor, Janka Petrilla, Anna Kulcsár, Henry van den Bighelaar, Bart Boomsma, Zsuzsanna Neogrády, and Hedvig Fébel. "Effects of dietary butyrate supplementation and crude protein level on carcass traits and meat composition of broiler chickens." Archives Animal Breeding 62, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-527-2019.

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Abstract. The short-chain fatty acid butyrate, either in unprotected or protected form, is widely applied as a growth-promoting feed additive in poultry nutrition; however, its possible effects on the carcass composition of broilers have not been fully elucidated. Further, lowering dietary crude protein (CP) levels is an important issue in poultry farming, contributing to ecologically beneficial lower nitrogen excretion. The main aims of this study were to test how unprotected and protected forms of butyrate and decreased dietary CP content with essential amino acid (lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan) supplementation (“LP-EAA” diet) affect carcass parameters and the chemical composition of muscles in broilers. Ross 308 chickens were randomized to seven groups (n=10/group) receiving adequate CP-containing (normal protein, “NP”) or LP-EAA diets, both supplemented with or without unprotected sodium butyrate, and NP diets with different forms of protected sodium butyrate. Carcass traits were measured, and the chemical composition of pectoral and femoral muscles was analyzed at the age of 6 weeks. Carcass weight was significantly increased by the LP-EAA diet and all protected butyrate types tested, while the relative breast meat yield was significantly higher in LP-EAA than NP groups and in both unprotected and protected butyrate-supplemented chickens compared to controls. The protein content of the femoral muscle was significantly decreased, but its lipid content was significantly elevated by the LP-EAA diet and by all types of butyrate addition. However, no changes were detected in the chemical composition of pectoral muscle. In conclusion, breast meat production can be effectively stimulated by dietary factors, such as by reducing dietary CP content with essential amino acid supplementation and by applying butyrate as a feed additive, while its chemical composition remains unchanged, in contrast to the femoral muscle. The aforementioned nutritional strategies seem to be the proper tools to increase carcass yield and to alter meat composition of broilers, contributing to more efficient poultry meat production.

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Rodrigues, Sandra Iara Furtado Costa, José Henrique Stringhini, Márcio Ceccantini, Antonio Mário Penz Júnior, Andrea Machado Leal Ribeiro, Vanessa Peripolli, and Concepta Margaret McManus. "CHEMICAL AND ENERGETIC CONTENT OF CORN BEFORE AND AFTER PRE-CLEANING." Ciência Animal Brasileira 16, no. 2 (June 2015): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1089-6891v16i217226.

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The poultry industry normally has little control over the raw material that arrives at the processing plant. This experiment aimed to evaluate chemical and energetic quality of corn obtained in a feed mill before and after pre-cleaning. Twenty samples of 30 kg of corn each were taken from trucks delivering corn to the mill. The trucks were then unloaded and the material passed through a pre-cleaning process when another sample was taken. Samples were graded and physical properties evaluated: density (g/L), grain percentages of foreign material, impurities, fragments, broken, soft, insect damaged, fire-burnt, fermented, damaged, cracked and fine particles, as well as chemical composition analysis: Apparent metabolizable energy for poultry (AME), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), starch (STA), water activity (WA), crude protein (CP), digestible and total lysine, methionine, cystine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine and arginine. The experiment was a randomized design with two treatments (before and after pre-cleaning) and twenty replications. Data was analyzed using SAS ® and treatment differences obtained using F test. Correlations and principal components were calculated. There was a decrease in density after the pre-cleaning process, which was probably due to the removal of earth and stones rather than grain and its fractions. Significant increases were found for insect damage, fermented and damaged grain while fire-burn was significantly reduced after the pre-cleaning process. Starch increased after pre-cleaning which is a result of contaminants that normally are poor in this carbohydrate, but fiber levels increased too. Apparent metabolizable energy, aminoacids, digestible (P<0.05) and total (P<0.05) histidine, total lysine and methionine (P<0.1) levels were reduced after pre-cleaning. Density was higher when there were fewer impurities such as straw, husk or small grains. Broken corn was positively correlated (P<0.05) with foreign material (0.63) and fragments (0.76), while proportion of damaged corn was positively correlated with foreign material (0.68), fragments (0.58) and broken corn (0.83). In this study, even in samples classified as excellent quality before pre-cleaning, the pre-cleaning process was effective in reducing humidity and water activity which helps control the growth of fungi or other microorganisms. Starch and fiber levels increased after pre-cleaning while apparent metabolizable energy levels was not improved by pre-cleaning.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Poultry Methionine'

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