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Academic literature on the topic 'Poumons – Maladies obstructives – Diagnostic'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Poumons – Maladies obstructives – Diagnostic"
Desjardins, Audrey. "Évaluation de l'intention des médecins de famille enseignants et des résidents en médecine familiale de prescrire et d'interpréter la spirométrie : une étude descriptive transversale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33776.
Full textBackground: Spirometry is the best test to demonstrate airway obstruction, but remains underused in primary care. Objectives: We assessed, among family medicine physician teachers and residents, their intention to prescribe spirometry in patients suspected of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their intention to interpret spirometry results. This evaluation is based on the theoretical framework proposed by Godin et al. for the study of factors influencing healthcare professionals’ behaviors. Methods. Participants of this descriptive cross-sectional study were recruited in eight Family medicine units (FMUs) of Laval University’s net. They completed a 23-item self-administered questionnaire measuring their intention to prescribe and to interpret spirometry as well as some determinants of this intention (beliefs about capabilities, beliefs about consequences, social influence and moral norm). Answers to each of the items in the questionnaire were scored on a Likert scale (score 1 to 7) where a higher score indicated a greater agreement with the statement. Results. Of the 284 eligible physicians, 104 were included. The mean score ± standard deviation of physicians' intention to prescribe spirometry (6.6 ± 0.7) was higher than to interpret the results (5.8 ± 1.5). Mean scores for all determinants of intention measured were also higher for prescription than for interpretation of spirometry. Conclusion. The results suggest that participants have a very strong intention to prescribe spirometry. Although the intention to interpret the results is positive, it is weaker than for the prescription of the test. Further studies will be needed to assess the barriers of spirometry interpretation.
Lamontagne, Maxime. "Approches en génomique et bio-informatique afin de comprendre les bases moléculaires de la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35445.
Full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease characterized by airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible. Currently, no treatment existsto reverse COPD, which is predicted to be the third leading cause of mortality in the world by the year 2030. Important discoveries were made in the last decade, but the pathophysiology of the disease remains largely unknown. The aim of this thesis is to study the genetic component of COPD and more specifically 1) identify genes involved in the development of airflow obstruction, 2) identify lung eQTL in the major histocompatibility complex and find causal genes for lung function and respiratory diseases in this region, 3) find new susceptibility loci for COPD, and 4) evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of DNA sequencing of the SERPINA1 gene as a single test to diagnose alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and test the frequencies of AATD alleles in a Canadian COPD population. In the first study, we identified genes (CST3 and CD22) and signalling pathways (xenobiotic metabolism, apoptosis, protease–antiprotease and oxidant–antioxidant balance) involved in the development of airflow obstruction. We combined lung gene expression, whole genotyping data and clinical information’s from 1,111 subjects to identify potential causal genesand pathways. This study has identified underlying mechanisms implicated in the development of airflow obstruction. In the second study, westudied a critical genomic region for the immune system, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Previous studies have associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located inside this locus with lung diseases and phenotypes (asthma, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, lung cancer and lung function). We have identified new susceptibility genes for lung cancer (BTN3A2 and ZFP57), asthma (AGPAT1 and CDSN), lung function (MICB) and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (AGPAT1). Results from this study provide important biological insights about previously associated SNPsin the MHC. We were also involved in the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) on COPD. This GWAS was performed by the International COPD Genetics Consortium (ICGC) and identified 22 loci associated at genome-wide significance. Genotypes of 63,192 subjects (15,256 cases and 47,936 controls) from 26 studies were used in the meta-analysis. Results were further replicated in 9,498 cases and 9,748 controls from the UK Biobank. Among the 22 associated loci, 9 were previously associated with COPD, 15 with lung function and 4 (EEFSEC, DSP, MTCL1and SFTPD) werenovel loci. Our findings highlight new loci associated with COPD and demonstrate the genetic overlap between lung function and COPD. Finally, the frequencies of deficient SERPINA1 alleles were evaluated in Canadian patients with COPD and DNA sequencing was evaluated as a single test strategy to detect AATD. DNA sequencing of the coding regions of SERPINA1 was performed in 400 individuals from the CanCOLD study (Canadian Cohort of Obstructive Lung Disease). Nineteen genetic variants were identified, including 15 missense mutations and one new mutation. DNA sequencing of SERPINA1 revealed the true genetic nature of AATD and was demonstrated has an effective, fast, and inexpensive single test strategy to detect AATD. Studies presented in this thesis have identified genes and pathways involved in the development of COPD, which are new targetsfor future studies.
Lacasse, Miriam. "Dysfonction cardiaque autonome dans la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique : récupération de la fréquence cardiaque après un exercice: facteur prédictif de mortalité dans la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22579/22579.pdf.
Full textBackground. A delayed heart rate recovery (HRR = peak exercise heart rate (HR) – HR at 1-minute recovery) reflects cardiac autonomic dysfunction, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Purpose. To compare HRR between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and controls; to compare survival in patients with COPD according to HRR; to evaluate survival influence of HRR modification following pulmonary rehabilitation. Methods and results. HRR was compared between 147 COPD patients and 25 controls (11±9 vs 19±9 beats, p<0.0001). In patients with COPD, abnormal HRR (≤14 beats) was associated with a 5.12 mortality hazard ratio (CI 95% [1.54-17.00]). After pulmonary rehabilitation (n=77), persistent abnormal HRR represented a higher mortality risk (8.12; CI 95% [2.12-31.02]). Conclusions. HRR is decreased in COPD and, when abnormal, is linked with decreased survival. Persistent abnormal HRR after rehabilitation is associated with a poor prognosis.
Roy, Emma. "La maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique et la chirurgie pour cancer pulmonaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67777.
Full textPatients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are generally considered to have diminished long-term survival and higher rate of post-operative complications, when compared with non-COPD, following a resection surgery for lung cancer. What remained to be clarified was to know if the presence of mild to moderate COPD has an impact on survival and on post-operative evolution. This project aimed at characterizing and comparing the post-operative course of COPD and non-COPD patients in terms of complications and long-term survival following a surgery for lung cancer and to evaluate the effect of the severity of COPD on these outcomes. In this study, we observed that the proportion of patients with COPD was high in patients operated for lung cancer and that they indeed developed more complications in the post-operative period. However, we found no statistically significant influence of COPD or of its severity on long-term survival following the surgery. The results of this study are mainly applicable to mild and moderate COPD patients
Jubinville, Éric. "Caractérisation microbiologique des expectorations de patients MPOC en exacerbation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25995.
Full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are often affected with exacerbation lowering their quality of life. The scientific community is unclear on which microorganism is responsible. This confusion is due mostly because of the culture techniques that are used to evaluate the presence of pathogens. The use of new approaches such as microbial ecology techniques and next generation sequencing based on molecular biology can identify the presence of bacteria without the need of culture. The microbiome of control, stable and exacerbated COPD patients was compared. Principal microbiome shift during exacerbation was a proportional reduction in Proteobacteria or Firmicutes and enrichment in Firmicutes or Proteobacteria respectively. The microbiome of control COPD patients was compared at baseline and three months later. Their microbiome shifted over a period of three months towards Proteobacteria. This study could lead to a better understanding of exacerbation and a better quality of life for COPD patients.
Thériault, Marie-Eve. "Altération de la régénération musculaire dans la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27055.
Full textSkeletal muscle regeneration is altered in skeletal muscles of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is associated with an irreversible and a progressive airflow obstruction. In COPD, the loss of muscle mass has a significant impact on quality of life and is associated with premature death. Many biochemical factors have been proposed to trigger and perpetuate the skeletal muscle atrophy in COPD. The maintenance of peripheral muscle mass may be compromised in patients with COPD due to premature cellular senescence and exhaustion of the regenerative potential of the muscles. Shortening of telomeres in patients with COPD is consistent with an increased number of senescent satellite cells and an exhausted muscle regenerative capacity, compromising the maintenance of muscle mass in these individuals. Muscle mass maintenance relies on the delicate regulation between protein degradation, synthesis and the addition of new myonuclei from satellite cells. Comparing the signalisation involved in the skeletal muscle regeneration between two muscles with different levels of activation within the same subjects is an interesting strategy to evaluate the impact of local versus systemic factors in the regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration. Impaired satellite cell activation, proliferation and differentiation affecting skeletal muscle regeneration could contribute to the progression of muscle dysfunction in patients with COPD. Resistance training, as provided in pulmonary rehabilitation, is an essential tool to promote muscle hypertrophy and increase muscle strength. However, hypertrophic response to resistance training is heterogeneous in patients with COPD. Failure in satellite cell function can lead to delayed, impaired or failed recovery after muscle injury, and such failures become increasingly prominent in cases of progressive muscle disease. Although the inflammatory response has been linked to the initiation and development of muscle atrophy, discrepancies exist in the literature concerning the presence and the nature of systemic and/or local inflammatory response in patients with COPD. This inflammation could be linked to the skeletal muscle protein imbalance and ultimately atrophy. The quest to identify a key inflammatory factor that could orchestrate the signaling cascade involved in contractile protein synthesis/degradation or even tissue renewal in peripheral muscles of patients with COPD is of major importance for future direction in this research field. This thesis demonstrates for the first time the role played by satellite cells in muscle atrophy associated with COPD. Better knowledge of the regenerative capacity in the context of COPD will enhance the understanding of the atrophying process and deepen the reasoning on training interventions in this population.
Lamontagne, Maxime. "Marqueurs génétiques influençant l'expression des gènes dans les poumons et susceptibilité à la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29782/29782.pdf.
Full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified four susceptibility loci robustly associated with COPD. However, the genetic mechanisms mediating the risk within these loci remain to be found. In this study, genome-wide gene expression profiles of non-tumor lung specimens and blood-DNA from the same patients were genotyped for 1,2 million SNPs. The analyses were performed on 1111 subjects from three cohorts. Genetics variations influencing gene expression levels in lung samples, i.e. lung expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), were identified in the COPD susceptibility regions (4q22, 4q31, 19q13). The results of this thesis demonstrated that HHIP is the most likely causal gene at 4q31, while the evidences supported the contribution of the FAM13A and EGLN2 genes at 4q22 and 19q13, respectively.
Laviolette, Louis. "Les femmes et la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique (MPOC)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23752/23752.pdf.
Full textGalesanu, Roxana Gabriela. "The multisystemic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a longitudinal study." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27205/27205.pdf.
Full textLétourneau, Gérald. "Étude de la validité prédictive d'un questionnaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33519.
Full textBooks on the topic "Poumons – Maladies obstructives – Diagnostic"
Carter, Rick. Courage and information for life with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The handbook for patients, families, and care givers managing COPD (emphysema, asthmatic bronchitis, or chronic bronchitis). New Technology Pub., 1999.
Salmeron, Sergio. Pneumologie. Éditions ESTEM, 1995.
1929-, Nadeau Pierre, ed. Pneumologie. Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1993.
B, Askin Frederic, and Bennington James L. 1935-, eds. Surgical pathology of non-neoplastic lung disease. 2nd ed. Saunders, 1990.
1948-, Müller Nestor Luiz, and Naidich David P, eds. High-resolution CT of the lung. Raven Press, 1992.
1948-, Müller Nestor Luiz, and Naidich David P, eds. High-resolution CT of the lung. 4th ed. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health, 2008.
1948-, Müller Nestor Luiz, and Naidich David P, eds. High-resolution CT of the lung. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.
1948-, Müller Nestor Luiz, and Naidich David P, eds. High-resolution CT of the lung. 2nd ed. Lippincott-Raven, 1996.
Ambulatory lobar pneumonia. s.n., 1985.
R, Celli Bartolome, ed. Pharmacotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Marcel Dekker, 2004.