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Academic literature on the topic 'Poussière cosmique – Spectre'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Poussière cosmique – Spectre"
Moumen, Ismaël. "Nouvelle appoche pour la détermination d'indice spectral des restes de supernova." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23825.
Full textBerné, Olivier. "Evolution des très petites particules de poussière dans le cycle cosmique de la matière : méthodes de séparation aveugle de sources et spectro-imagerie avec le télescope spatial Spitzer." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/381/.
Full textVery small carbonaceous dust particles dominate the mid-infrared emission of a large number of astrophysical objects of our and external galaxies. It is commonly admitted that the bands detected in the observed spectra are due to the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or populations that are chemically similar to these PAHs. However, the origin of the variations of the shape of these spectra depending on the considered environment remains unexplained. In order to provide new insights into this issue, we have applied Blind Signal Separation methods to spectro-imagery data of reflection nebulae observed with NASA's Spitzer space telescope. This analysis allowed us to unveil the physical and chemical evolution of very small dust particles: free PAH-type macromolecules are formed from the evaporation of very small grains under the effect of ultra-violet radiation and then ionized. This evolution which is strongly connected to the local physical conditions is at the origin of the observed spectral variations in these nebulae. Based on the results we were able to construct a set of template spectra for the analysis of the emission of very small dust particles at different steps of the cosmic cycle of matter. We show that it is possible to explain the shape of the mid-infrared spectra of planetary nebulae and protoplanetary disks by linking it to the physical conditions prevailing in the objects. .
Zou, Siwei. "Using quasar absorption lines to probe cold gas in high redshift galaxies." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS181/document.
Full textQuasar absorption lines are a powerful tool to study the interstellar medium(ISM) in the galaxies. We study a sample of 66 z >1.5 absorbers selected based on the presence of strong CI absorption lines in SDSS spectra and observed with the ESO-VLT spectrograph X-shooter/UVES. I study 17 systems that are re-observed by X-shooter. I derive metallicities, depletion onto dust, extinction by dust and analyse the absorption from MgII, MgI, CaII and NaI that are redshifted into the near infrared wavelength range. I detect 9 CaII absorptions with W(CaII λ3934) > 0.23 Å out of 14 systems. I detect 10 NaI absorptions in the 11 systems where we could observe this absorption. The median equivalent width (W(NaI λ5891) = 0.68 Å) is larger than what is observed in local clouds with similar HI column densities but also in z<0.7 CaII systems detected in the SDSS. The systematic presence of NaI absorption in these CI systems strongly suggests that the gas is neutral and cold, maybe part of the diffuse molecular gas in the ISM of high-redshift galaxies. The MgII absorptions are spread over more than Δv ~ 400 km/s for half of the systems; three absorbers have Δv > 500 km/s. The kinematics is strongly perturbed for most of these systems which probably do not arise in quiet disks and must be close to regions with intense star formation activity. All this suggests that a large fraction of the cold gas at high redshift arises in disturbed environments. We detect molecular hydrogen in all the systems within the detection limit
Franco, Maximilien. "Tracing back the cosmic history of galaxy formation with the large ALMA interferometer." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7012.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to better understand the cosmic history of galaxy formation thanks to the largest cosmological survey with the large ALMA interferometer. This observation was preformed in a region of the sky, the GOODS-South field, which benefits from the deepest observations of the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer and Herschel infrared space observatories, as well as data from the Chandra X-ray telescope and the VLA Radio Interferometer. These observations at 1.1mm with ALMA therefore complete this multi-wavelength panorama, and make this region of the sky a leading laboratory for the study of the evolution of galaxies. The observation with ALMA allows us to observe this region of the sky without being affected by the confusion limit that affected Herschel, and to search for more distant galaxies. For the first time, we can study dust-obscured star formation at z > 2 over a large enough area to reduce different observational biases.A large part of this thesis was devoted to the scientific exploitation of this 1.1mm cosmological image. This was done by analysing the image from the interferometric data, precisely characterising the survey, defining detectability thresholds and indicators that can quantify the credibility of detections, and carrying out simulations on these images. We then extracted and identified the galaxies present in the image.This analysis shows that ALMA surveys can reveal new galaxies that are not detected by the deepest surveys conducted with the Hubble Space Telescope. These ``dark" galaxies are among the most massive and distant galaxies in this region of the sky. The discovery of these new dark galaxies, which represent of the order of 10 - 20% of the ALMA detections, suggests that the number of massive star-forming galaxies in the distant universe may be much larger than previously expected. This work has also made it possible to determine properties of the galaxies detected by ALMA, through the modelling of their spectral energy distributions: the star formation rate, the masses of gas and dust, the dust temperature, the time required for a galaxy to consume its gas, the relationship between the infrared luminosity and the radio luminosity, and the excess of the infrared component in the spectrum of a galaxy. Analysis of these findings suggests that massive galaxies at high redshift consume their gas slowly to form stars and indicate that these galaxies are the ideal progenitors of passive galaxies at z∼2
Drouhet, Willie. "Study of the Far Infrared Emission of Nearby Spiral Galaxies." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00929963.
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