Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pouvoir exécutif – France – 1990-'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 37 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Pouvoir exécutif – France – 1990-.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Mazhari, Mohammad. "La liberté communale en France et en Iran : étude comparée." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05D006.
Full textWe can doubtless estimate the liveliness of a democracy at the autonomy which it leaves with its regions with a measure of autonomy. The object of this study is to establish a comparative study of the municipal freedom in France and in Iran. In spite of the difference of regimes, the management of cities and, in particular, big conglomerations, is subjected to the same constraints. The local autonomy went unheeded for a long time in Iran because of the non-application of the texts which planned it. The city hall, the term used on the Iranian legislation, plays a dominating role in the management of big cities. In Iran, it is definitively in 1996 further to the approval of the " Law of the training, the power and the election of the Islamic council " which awards the choice of the mayor to the members of council that the city hall acquires a status to part, untied from any connected entity or not in the State. But there is always an ambiguity in the exercise of the freedom of the municipalities viewing the big power of the State and the limitation of the possibilities for the municipalities. The present research aims at studying in which measure the municipal freedom can exist in Iran comparing with France. This research work consists of two parts: the City Council and the executive power. In the first part we study the City Council in five chapters through election, skills, functioning of the City Council, the local administrative organization at the level of the district, the finances of the municipality, and the exercised control over the local councilors. The second part having for the title " The executive power " is divided into five chapters, dedicated to the mayor's mandate and to its functions and responsibilities. The study of institutions comes along with an analysis of the main skills of the municipality and with its finances
Valette, Jean-Paul. "La dynamique du pouvoir exécutif sous la cinquième République." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010259.
Full textPirou, Xavier. "L'évolution des relations entre le pouvoir exécutif et le pouvoir législatif sous la Ve République." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1G010.
Full textDevedeix-Margueritat, Sonia. "La Ve République ou le renforcement de la responsabilité politique du pouvoir exécutif." Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000296.pdf.
Full textIn France, under the fifth republic, the crisis concerning the political responsibility of the members of the executive power – the president of the republic and the ministers- is often denounced by the doctrine and the actors of the Political scene. There are indeed, a number of dysfunctions. There is no denying this, and however this is not the subject of this thesis. Our objective is to show that the political responsibility is the only responsibility conceivable for the government and that the fifth republic can be presented as the "golden age" of the political responsibility. This is the conclusion that can be drawn after a closer look at the constitutional texts and some political phenomena observed on an individual and collective level since 1789. First of all, the comparison is in favour of the political regime of the fifth Republic. The Constitution of October 4th, 1958 is a text which takes into account past experiences. Its authors wanted to draw the lessons from the past. Through the years some revisions have reinforced the mechanisms concerning the responsibility of the government. They take different aspects (" polymorphic"). The influence of the citizens and the Members of Parliament has increased. The regime of the political responsibility has become a polyregime. The involvement of the government's political responsibility in front of Parliament occurs in three different stages. The first step is a phase of anticipation, taking place beforehand, when the government is formed. The second step is an intermediary one, a phase of control of the governmental action by information. During this phase, Members of Parliament have to see to it that the national will is duly respected by the government so that this political cohesion between the different powers is maintained and therefore avoid taking the next step, the phase of sanction. This ultimate stage, which can lead to the overthrow of a government unwilling to abide to the expectations formerly expressed by the majority, is not an end in itself. It highlights a disagreement thus heralding a new era. The political responsibility of the rulers is also involved in any electoral background – presidential, local, general elections or referendum-. The phase of anticipation does not always take place. Furthermore, it seems that the political responsibility is the only conceivable responsibility for the rulers and even for the whole political system. It is a more peaceful way of ending political conflicts and its very first goal is to ensure harmony between the executive and the legislative powers. It stands both as a reference and as a norm (standard) for those who exercise political functions and for the citizens. The principle “political responsibility” is essential to the analysis of political behaviours, choices and decisions. It needs to be protected and strengthened. The constitutional law must reinforce its mechanism
Breen, Emmanuel. "Le rôle de l'administration dans les procédures répressives." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA111005.
Full textCárdenes, Agustín Alejandro. "La présidentialisation du système politique, étude de droit comparé Argentine - France." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT3014/document.
Full textStudies about presidentialization of Argentine and French political systems hold an important place in recent academic and political studies. However, despite such an acknowledgement, there are no comparative studies about Argentine and French experiences. The presence of a similar phenomenon in both countries –presidentialization- seems to prove that comparative method might offer interesting answers to questions posed by the presence of a similar concentration of power around presidents in countries whose constitutional structures differ. Thus, presidentialization appears to minimize the importance of such differences and takes into account the relevance of political systems
Marasco, Serge. "Le président de la Cinquième République." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE0020.
Full textPéri, Alexandra. "Le pouvoir exécutif dans le processus de formation de la loi dans l'histoire constitutionnelle française." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010285.
Full textBonduelle, Alexandre. "Le pouvoir d'arbitrage du Premier ministre sous la Ve République." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL20014.
Full textPrime minister's arbitration doesn't come down to a simple form of political speech. It must be including as a real power of government's leader, definable into outlines and contain. Prime minister arbitrating settles conflicts oppositing ministers with deciding. This decision belongs to government consequently. Resulting from need of protecting governmental college's union, power of arbitration generates procedure which discloses regulation into governmental institution. But away from methods, power of arbitration looks like customary ability which implements one of side of management oft governmental action that article twenty one, indented line one, of constitution confers on Prime minister
Bégon, Bernard. "Les questions au Gouvernement, à l'Assemblée nationale." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10042.
Full textThe procedure for asking questions of the government - an advanced form of questions on current problems - appears today to be one of the reforms which has nost contributed to improving relations between members of the government and members of the national assembly. This form of question-time was introduced into parliamentary usage in 1974 and after 12 years has proved to be an original means of dialogue (because of the rules which govern it) and an innovative one (because of the nature of the relations it creates between the political forces). It has come to enrich by its special note the range of traditional means of questioning (written and oral questions), which it is very different from in its form and contents. This form of question-time gives rise to short and spontaneous exchanges which enable the assembly - majority party and opposition - to take part in problems of the day and is a relatively efficient tool of information and parliamentary control
Bouclier, Précloux Marion. "Le réformisme constitutionnel d'origine parlementaire sous la cinquième république : essai sur la constuction d'un discours juridique." Perpignan, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PERP1024.
Full textJeanclaude, Catherine. "Le principe de la séparation des pouvoirs en Russie : théorie et pratique de 1990 à 2005." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0031.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to find out if the recognition of the power separations principle in Russia allowed to promote reforms toward a law State and market economy. The first part, dedicated to the formal recognition of power separations principle, targets to study the fundamental principles of the State liberal theory - the principle of power separations - in the construction of the russian State. In order to do that, we studied the main amendments to the brejnevian 1977 Constitution and the main steps of russian constitutional reforms between 1990 and 1993. This leads us to analyse the causes of political and juridical constitutional crisis between executive and legislative powers in the years 1992-1993, to study the definition of the power separations principle in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the 12 december 1993 and its application in the elaboration of some articles as well as the influence of foreign constitutions ( french and American ) and of the European Council norms in the preparatory works to the adoption of the 1993 constitution. The second part is dedicated to the enforcement of presidential power, leads us to study the power exercice in the Russian Federation since the Constitution adoption at the level of the formation mecanisms of State power organisms and at the level of the law elaboration
Georgopoulos, Théodore. "La séparation horizontale des pouvoirs en France et en Allemagne à l'épreuve du droit communautaire : la fonction de contre-pouvoir." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247099054.
Full textWhereas the principle of institutional autonomy rejects the idea of a mutation within the separation of powers due to EC law, the national legislature, executive and judiciary interact to either cope with the demands of the Community or to stand out against them. From the conclusion of the treaties to the execution of court decisions sanctioning a breach of EC law, state powers confront each other by means of exercising their common or specific legal prerogatives. The systemic analysis of these "checks and balances" in France and Germany leads to the conclusion that the confrontation of state powers on EC issues reflects the need to conciliate two distinct logics, the national and the EC one
Goudineau, Claire. "La forme du chef de l'État républicain : de la collégialité vers l'unicité." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010328.
Full textThe fifth republic confers very important powers to his president. This one embodies the state, and is irresponsible. For theses reasons, he is compared to a monarch. Does a republic betray itself by giving the direction of the state, and important powers, to an individual? Is there any republican tradition of individual commandment of the state? Why does republic give the power to an individual, rather than to a collective coponent? In 1793 and in 1795, republic is caracterized by its collective commandment. Personnal commandment is, on the contrary, typical of monarchy. Why has republic borrowed the individual commandment to monarchy, since 1848? What part does collective commandment take in republic? The study of parliamentary debates gives the answer. If collective commandment is adopted in 1795 and in 1795, it is not just in reaction of monarchy, likewise its rejection in 1848 can't be explained just by the experience of the chartes ; and by the americain exemple. Collective commandment is utilized by the constituants as a mecanism of gradation of executive power. Because of the weakness it gives to executive power, it is utilized as a perfect instrument of revolutionnary policy. It allows to bring executive power under parliament. It is the reason why collective commandment is given up in 1848. Crucial mechanism of institutional unbalance, collective commandment is naturally one of the most important constitutionnal concerns in 1793, 1795 and 1848
L'Hôte, Vincent. "La responsabilité pénale des membres des exécutifs." Nancy 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN20009.
Full textPrado, Maillard José Luís. "Le Mexique sous un nouveau contexte : Les rapports des pouvoirs politiques de l'Union." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010265.
Full textCattoir-Jonville, Vincent. "La fonction militaire du chef de l'État en France, de 1871 à nos jours : contribution à l'étude du pouvoir présidentiel en République." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL20004.
Full textWhat is generally underlined in studies on the presidential power in France since 1871 is the split between the third and fourth republics on the one hand and the fifth republic on the other hand. Particularly as far as the head of state's actual powers are concerned. The analysis of the head of state's military function in the long run reveal, on the contrary, a real continuity in the presidential institution. On the military level, the fifth republic should rather be considered as the heir to a tradition founded by Adolph Thiers - and kept up as well as can be since then - than as a split. Thus, on this level, the fifth republic is the outcome of the slow construction of an institution. A cyclical presentation of that institution, as regards the military function, can then be put forward. The setting-up of a strong presidential power (called "presidential government" or "principate") would evolve towards a magistrature of influence where the importance of the head of state's military role would still be significant, before ending in a comparative retirement of the head of state from the military field. As a reaction to that weakening, a strong presidential power would then reappear (the fifth republic would be one of those last stages)
Cliquennois, Gaëtan. "La réduction des risques et la responsabilisation dans la prise de décision en établissements pénitentiaires français pour peines." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0016.
Full textOn the basis of non participant observations in two french prisons (a "centre de détention" and a "maison centrale"), I assume a process of hybridization of actuarial, empowerment and correctional approaches that affect french prison staff decisions concerning cells assignement, job assignement, disciplinary detention, parole and suicidal risks prevention. In fact, I'm interested of how detainees are screened during admission and assigned to various form of detention (included disciplinary detention an how they get a job, a release and eventually suicidaI prevention measures. The decision-making is shaped by two kinds of assessment : a non-interactional assessment (CV, length of penalty, previous convictions, disciplinary and prison past. . . ) and a face-to-face assessment. The non-interactional assesment looks like an actuarial rationality and his influence depends on organization factors and professional socialization. Moreover, I notice that each form of detention in these prisons is characterized by the specific factors, controls, interactions and emotional climates that affect a set of decisions about disciplinary measures, work, suicidal risks prevention and the sentences of detainees. The circularity in this complex declsion-making process affects, In turn, exchanges by reinforcing the interactional and emotional particularities of each form of detention. The analysis of the set of decisions shows a will to predict inmates behaviors and to reduce uncertainty. Theses staff predictions based on "interested and engaged choice" theory plays a key role and performs inmates behaviors. The interdependence between decision-making and interactions feeds back into the process so as to increase the confidence that correction officers have in the initial screening, assignement of detainees and in their "interested and engaged choice" theory
Piastra, Raphaël. "Du contreseing sous la Ve République." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010255.
Full textThis thesis ains at studying the countersignature fifth republic. Our study is divided into two different parts. The first one insists on the countersignature as a rule wich practice changs as regards the political context. Thus, the powers which are peculiar and those which are shared will not be exercised the same way. It depends on the presidential system of government, whether it be a presidential or a parliamentary one, or if one refer to power-sharing. In the second part, on attempts to demonstrate that the countersignature, whatever the political context, remains a technically constant rule. So its analysis by the administrative judge (the council of state) as well as its collection and codification on the basis of leaflets (by the general secretary of the government) have been regularly carried out since 1958
Fath-Kurkdjian, Mélina. "La pensée constitutionnelle du Doyen Maurice Hauriou et la Cinquième République." Nancy 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN20007.
Full textQuinart, Emilien. "L'émancipation du pouvoir réglementaire (1914-1958)." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2D008.
Full textAt the end of the 19th century, the Parliamentary Republic took root by exalting the principles of 1789 French Revolution and rejecting personal power. Following this ideal, the Executive’s power to make regulations is dreaded – only allowed when strictly subordinate to the law supremacy. In the 20th century, the situation has changed. Wars and crises caused an essential transformation of the activities of the State, which disturbed the exercise of legislative functions and republican ideals. This thesis aims to explain how, between 1914 and 1958, the Executive Branch recovered a power to make regulations, that exceeds the mere implementation of legislation. The data show that this emancipation process stemmed from both disruption of practices and constitutional violations, gradually establishing a new law – thanks to the influence of law professors and advisory departments of the Conseil d’Etat. This dynamic relied on the need for Executive regulation to protect the security and the continuity of the State. Progressively, that kind of regulation got an autonomous constitutional basis, and the Executive enjoyed an increased level of discretion to enact it. The result is that, already under the Third and Fourth French Republics, the implementation of legislation no longer defined the source and the scope of the power to make regulations. Finally, these findings allow to challenge the current understanding of the Constitution of the Fifth Republic : the articles 16, 21, 34, 37, 38, 41 and 92 should no longer be considered as “innovations”, but only as a formalisation and a systematisation what previous constitutional law introduced
Maloir, Jérémy. "Les ministres en Révolution (1789-1795) : du gouvernement à l'administration." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10047.
Full textLe résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
Glénard, Guillaume. "L'exécutif et la Constitution de 1791." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020094.
Full textWintrebert, Raphaël. "Décisions, critiques et pouvoirs : vers une sociologie configurationnelle du changement d'ATTAC France (1998-2002)." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0076.
Full textWhereas the creation of ATTAC France is due to a small number of organizations (trade unions, associations, newspapers), its development essentially comes from the exponential growth of members (30 000 in two years). What is at stake is therefore the place and the function of local activists and groups in the movement's national strategies. By distinguishing two mechanisms in the process of decision (the agenda building and the command of the rules of decision), we demonstrate that the structure of decision in ATTAC changed in favor of local groups, even though it's always largely controled by the national directory. The transformation of the structure of decision is actually linked to a transformation of the structure of power relations. Referring to the figurational sociology of Norbert Elias, we incorporate in a single theoretical framework the notions of decisions, power, critic and social change
Kang, Myoungwon. "Le Pouvoir exécutif en Corée du Sud et en France : approche historique et contemporaine . La relation entre le Premier ministre dans la Constitution et la pratique institutionnelle." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0887/document.
Full textPolitical systems are not created spontaneously, but are the combined results of a nation’s history, the characteristics of its people, and the influences of neighboring countries over an extended period. They are in constant flux and development. Case in point, Korea and France have undergone many political changes from absolute monarchy to the democratic system of government currently in place.In the case of France, after establishing the foundation of democracy through a popular revolution and experiencing various political systems after the establishment of the Republic, it underwent the First and Second World Wars to arrive at today’s system of the Fifth Republic. On the other hand, in the case of Korea, the popular revolution of the late 1800s failed to succeed, and after annexation by Japan, democracy was established only after the end of the Second World War. Since then, Korea has experienced a presidential system of government, a parliamentary government, and a military regime amongst others. The current political regime of the Sixth Republic was stabilized in 1987.Presently, Korea and France are operating under different forms of government: a modified presidential system and a dual executive system respectively. Nevertheless, there are many similarities between the actual operations of the two. The main reason for this phenomenon is that both political systems share common elements. The political system of Korea is the American presidential system with a parliamentary element added to it, while France has elements of direct presidential elections and a presidential system based upon a parliamentary system of government.However, when the president and the majority of parliament disagree, the difference in the political systems of Korea and France is that the president’s right to dissolve parliament and the right to parliamentary disapproval are the most important. Secondly, in terms of executive power, the Korean prime minister is the second in command, whereas in France the prime minister is another form of executive power.Thus, the form and power of government in Korea and France share many similarities but appear to be different. Depending on what political conditions are present, a strong presidential system may appear, or a cohabitation government can take place. Under such a form of government, the prime minister is subordinate to the president. On the contrary, in France, the prime minister exercises his constitutional powers
Dehée, Yannick. "Mythologies politiques du cinéma français : les figures du pouvoir de 1968 à la fin des années 1980." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0019.
Full textThis work examines how French box-office hits have depicted social and political elites since 1968 it analyses their production process, the stories they tell and the way they were seen by the public, in order to understand how they have contributed to French political culture. The author emphasises the socialization effect of the movies, which help the citizens to understand the way the society works. The film is seen as a 'political myth', a conventional and simple fiction enabling the moviegoer to elaborate his or her interpretation of the story through genres, stars and allusions to actual events. The way a political film builds its success is analysed as a 'social contagion'. The first part studies the effect of the production process on the scripts. Political censorship disappeared in France between 1968 and 1975, but investors and stars still perpetuated tried and tested concepts and refused innovative stories. That is why so many narrative cliches were perpetuated, such as the power of money, the corruption of elites, conspiracies or the desire to subvert social hierarchies. The second part tells how politics suddenly invaded French movies after 1968, when political scandals were translated to the screen. To this leftist trend, the dominant cinema opposed 3 detective heroes as role models : the conservative Lino Ventura, the critical Jean-Paul Belmondo and the individualist Alain Delon. The third part shows how the cinema paints the world of powerful people. Cynicism is the rule at all levels of the state and in big corporations, especially the multinationals. In their private lives, leaders seem to be both obsessed with sex and afraid of powerful women. The fourth part follows the evolution of movies and their public through the eighties. Television has become the dominant media. Moviegoers are younger, have a higher level of education and live in big cities. New films confront the diversity of society, young cop heroes offer a new role model, a hybrid between a police officer and a social worker. French elites slowly disappear from the screen
Ollivier, Anne-Laure. "Gaston Defferre : un socialiste face au pouvoir, de Marseille à l'élection présidentielle de 1969." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DENS0039.
Full textI began my work on Gaston Defferre for two main biographical reasons : first of all I was unsatisfied by the fact that Gaston Defferre’s political career was often reduced in public discourse to « the Mayor of marseille » – thus ignoring the policy maker, and Member of parliament for over 40 years, in charge of a ministery many times under the 4th and 5th Republics, and major socialist leader - the second element was the paradox of a very long political career that never gave him the occasion to play any major part un French politics. His failure at the 1969 presidential election is to be regarded as an important break in his career, that put a final dot to his national ambitions meanwhile his local leadership was getting to an edge. This dynamic gap between local and national career, comparable to that of many other political french leaders, makes this biographic research relevant - examining firmly the link between both aspects helps understand why this career remained unfulfilled. This work, proceeding through comparisons between local and national public documents, as well as private ones, uncovers four series of questions : the Resistance regarded as a matrix and a structuring experience in Defferre’s career - the local settings that gave him political longevity and a parachute in the event of failure, as well as a real restraint for political decisions - his relation to socialism as an ideology and to the socialist party – to which he always remained faithfull - the statesman, his reforms, his relation to the institutions, and the way he dealt with general interest, his socialist commitment to local interest
Ficet, Joël. "Indépendance et dépendances de la justice : le concept d'indépendance de la justice comme enjeu de luttes politiques en France, 1954-1986." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0043.
Full textMany parties, unions and political groups have tried to impose their own definition of the concept of "independance of the judiciary" in France from 1954 to 1986, so as to assert their views about the political order should be or prop up their material interests. Thus they elaborated distinctive paradigms of justice, each of which describes the best way to judge and the legitimate place of the judiciary in the polity. Accordingly, this work analyses the various semantic strategies about he concept of the independance of the judiciary and the structures of the related paradigms of justice. It finally draws a theoretical conclusion about the tie between political speech and political action
Obrecht, Marcus. "Niedergang der Parlamente ? : transnationale politik im Deutschen Bundestag und der Assemblée nationale." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00381932.
Full textBelkacem, Lila. "L'« enfant perdu » et le « pays d'origine » : construction des origines et expériences migratoires de descendants d'immigrants ouest-africains en région parisienne." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0091.
Full textAiming to deconstruct some of the representations of the link to the country of origin of descendants of West African: immigrants in France, this thesis analyzes the social processes involved in the construction of origins, namely, of what the term origin(s) classically refers to: so-called cultures, traditions, values, identities, but also the places and group, being associated with origins. The analysis is grounded in five ethnographic fieldworks conducted in the vicinity of Paris and in Mali with youngsters, members of their families as well as associative and institutional representatives experiences of long-term trips in Mali for "people in difficulty" ; a summer camp for children of Malian immigrants association-based gatherings between youngsters and seniors on the issue of associative involvement ; ethnoclinica consultations in solve family issues considered to be rooted in cultural matters ; conversations on the Internet permeate with the question of the link to origins. In these situations, a reflection about roots is activated, portraying the maintenance of the links to the homeland as conditional to the success and the wellbeing. In order to appreciate the popularity of this thought, this thesis highlights the singular socio-historical context in which descendants of immigrant, undertake the double experience of migration (direct or indirect) and that of minorization (social and ethnoracial) Through the concepts of performance and performativity, it focuses upon the mechanisms and effects of situations shaping the links to the country of origin and draws particular attention to power dynamics rooted in generational ties sex, class and race/ethnicity
Bardin, Michaël. "L'exécutif régional en droit comparé : essai sur la présidentialisation d'une institution en France, en Espagne et en Italie." Toulon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUL0055.
Full textUnder the same classification of regional executive are gathered very different institutions depending on the states. This difference is expressed as much in the form that the regional executive takes, as in the extent of the missions which are entrusted to it. However, in any case, this executive is an essential element to the good performance of the regional community in as far as it is at least the “power to execute” of the area but more often and more widely the “capacity to impulse” of this community. The configuration of the regional executive and the extent of its mission depends directly on the role which the official organization grants to the regional community. Indeed, the apprehension of the role of the area varies from one State to another, because it is conditioned by the form of the state and so by the type of decentralization implemented. The selected decentralization determines the regional institutional organization strictly. However, in spite of the differences, the components and legislators of each state have had to face dysfunctions of the regional institutions or sought to improve the operation thereof. With this intention, they employed means intended to rationalize this organization by developing the executive function and its representative, so supporting the presidentialisation of the regional institutions. Certain means are often inspired by those which made national parliamentary modes evolve but other evolutions are creations inherent to the regional structure. In any event, all these evolutions tend to develop the role of the executive and make it possible to identify a movement of presidentialisation
Robert, Elian. "Des médecins élus locaux en Aquitaine." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287552.
Full textConsidérant qu'il n'est pas pertinent de chercher un modèle général d'analyse pour un ensemble d'agents, de trajectoires et de contextes marqué par une grande hétérogénéité, elle fait le choix d'observer les différents espaces de reconnaissance que doit franchir le médecin quand il se trouve engagé dans ce type de situation. L'appartenance à la profession médicale constitue une ressource d'éligibilité pour les médecins d'un double point de vue. Ils appartiennent à une profession différenciée au sein de la société française et l'exercice de leur rôle professionnel facilite la différentiation de leur personne dans la vie locale. Le pouvoir symbolique atrribué aux médecins résultede leur capacité à incarner une réalité signifiante plus étendue que ce qu'ils peuvent produire en tant qu'agents.
Quand ils participent à l'agir public local, les médecins élus locaux se différencient des autres élus locaux par l'implicztion d'une partie d'entre eux dans le secteur sanitaire et social. Mais ils sont aussi semblables aux autres élus lorsqu'ils doivent s'adapter aux propriétés contextuelles qui contraignent la compétence d'élu local.
Duclos-Grécourt, Marie-Laure. "L'idée de loi au XVIIIe siècle dans la pensée des juristes français (1715-1789)." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT3001.
Full textAlso called men of law, jurists had a natural passion for this source of law in the eighteenth century, taking part in the legal and political debate of this century. If they used the traditional distinction between natural law and positive law, they mainly developed the latter, being the witnesses and the actors of the secularization and the rationalization of the legal order. Criticized for its divine foundation, the natural law lost its paradigmatic aura ; human reason was enough to understand it and to establish the positive law. The latter asserted itself on the face of the other sources of law as the expression of the royal will and as the means of the legal system unification against a controversial legal pluralism which was nevertheless persistent. However, as despotism struck this century, and especially the second half, the royal will was feared because of possible arbitrariness. The law, as its expression, should be placed under supervision. Jurists thus campaigned for the instauration of a judicial review of law conformity with extensively considered reference standards. The emergence of the nation, new political actor invigorated by the States General being called, renewed the debate. The nation claimed sovereignty and received legislative power, and the law, from now on conceived as the expression of the general will that connected individuals and the nation, led the way to French people’s emancipation. The French Revolution carried out this theoretical progress and opened the door to a long reign for the law
Frémont, Camille. "Mères lesbiennes en France : représentations du genre et pratiques de résistance à la domination." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC040/document.
Full textIn the French heteronormative, male dominated society, what are French lesbian mothers’ representations of gender, and specifically of their children’s gender socialization? The main hypothesis is that being dominated as women and sex-class transfuges at the same time, lesbians have a particular position within the gender system, allowing them a critical point of view on the dominant norms. They are thus predisposed to transmit to their children gender models that challenge the gender system. In France, the gradual institutionalization of homosexual parenting is accompanied with a heated public debate (especially in 2012 and 2013). This research is primarily based on semi-structured interviews conducted between 2011 and 2014. The 36 interviewees are lesbian women with children under 12 years old, conceived within the frame of lesbian parenting. Despite the homogeneity of their social positions (middle and upper class), the interviewees have heterogeneous representations of the dominant norms. They also develop different sets of practices to face these norms. These lesbian mothers seem to develop ordinary forms of resistance to domination. While they show no ideological endorsement to heterosexist norms, they express a real will to be integrated within society. They interpret the context and social contract in a pragmatic way, and seek to protect themselves and their families from the effects of homophobia. Their resistance is mainly infra-political: pushing against the established limits of a framework that restricts them
Sponchiado, Lucie. "La compétence de nomination du Président de la Cinquième république." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010290/document.
Full textAs part of his competence for appointments, the president of the 5th Republic has authority to grant jobs, functions, honours or titles to any given person. This dissertation challenges the widely-held assumption that such a competence is often understood to mean the power to choose (to nominate) the persons who are appointed . The first part of the dissertation aims at demonstrating how the president's competence for appointments has evolved into the power of appointment, that is to say the capacity to choose and/or to appoint without authorization or upon mistaken authorization. Such an approach allows to highlight how specific this presidential function is. If the power of appointment is a power that the president has acquired unduly, it can be accounted for by the very essence of the power of appointment. The phenomenon then affects the checks implemented on presidential appointments : the undue acquisition of the power of appointment by the president accounts for their ineffectiveness. The survey of presidential appointments is most instructive. It provides valuable insights into the institutions of the 5th Republic and helps better understand the balance of powers within the political system. This research illustrates how the way institutions are constructed to a certain extent influences the way they are put into effect
Benmakhlouf, Julie. "La relation franco-américaine autour de la question irakienne : la contestation d'un mode occidental alternatif." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20018/document.
Full textThe disagreement between France and the US over the Iraqi issue led to a serious diplomatic crisis between the two countries, considered by many analysts as the most serious one in the history of bilateral relations. The Iraqi case crystallized the diplomatic positions of both allies and revealed two different reads of this major international issue. For France, this case was the opportunity to defend its principles, to get itself heard by the rest of the world and to share its vision of a multipolar world, where disputes would be peacefully settled through international organizations. For the US, that issue fell under a matter of national security, in a country deeply traumatized by ‘9/11’. The split between thetwo countries resulted from historical structural causes : (i) the competition between two political and diplomatic models that present themselves as universal, and (ii) the imbalance between France’s declining power aspiring to preserve its spheres of influence over the world and America’s ascending power that has become, since the end of the Cold War, the only superpower. The bilateral confrontation of 2003 revealed the distinctive patterns of both French and American foreign policies and exposed their different views and models of the new world order, as well as their ambitions on the international scene
King, Gemma. "Multilingualism and Power in Contemporary French Cinema." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA075.
Full textDialogue in languages other than French has appeared in a select number of films throughout the history of French cinema. Yet not only is multilingual dialogue vastly more present in twenty-first-century French film, but the use of multiple languages to (re)negotiate power dynamics is a striking narrative and thematic concern in contemporary French cinema. In multilingual film, the depiction of the status of a wide range of languages other than French is evolving from trivialised to deeply complex; through language learning and strategic code-switching, the characters of these films wrest power from one another and wield it in innovative ways. Exploiting their knowledge of a wide range of languages, from rival lingua francas like English to traditionally migrant or socio-politically marginalised languages such as Arabic or Kurdish, multilingual characters in these films offer a counter-perspective to dominating ideologies of the role and status of the French language.This thesis adopts a transnationalist approach to understandings of social power and language, analysing multilingual film through the framework of Ella Shohat and Robert Stam’s theory of polycentric multiculturalism, which “is about dispersing power, about empowering the disempowered, about transforming subordinating institutions and discourses” (Shohat and Stam 1994: 48). Unpacking the power dynamics at play in the multilingual film dialogue of four emblematic case studies (Polisse [Maïwenn 2011], Un prophète [Jacques Audiard 2009], Welcome [Philippe Lioret 2009] and London River [Rachid Bouchareb 2009]), the thesis posits that contemporary French multilingual films, henceforward referred to as CFMFs, represent a move towards revising the representation of language in French cinema, foregrounding the potential of languages other than French (even the maligned or historically disenfranchised) to empower their speakers and to transcend the traditional integrationist paradigm