Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pouvoir (Sciences sociales) – Études longitudinales'
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Vandette, Line. "La nature des effets associés à une démarche axée sur le développement du pouvoir d'agir des personnes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25291/25291.pdf.
Full textBenharda, Imen. "Relations entre genre et pouvoir dans la négociation : études descriptive et expérimentale." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H046.
Full textThe present thesis examines how the variables of gender and power both have an impact on negotiators' feelings and behaviors and on negotiation outcomes. In order to better grasp the dynamics of men/women relations at work in the process, an exploratory study was conducted with professional negotiators. It aimed to clarify what the process dynamics are, including how males and females perceive the place of women at the negotiation table and the position of strength within the negotiation process. The results underline the respective importance of such factors as the sex of the negotiators or their hierarchical status. In our second experimental study, we tested the direct effects of gender and of power as well as their joint effects including their possible interaction in building up negotiators’ behaviors, performances and outcomes. Although our results show that women express less self-confidence, they are neither more cooperative and less efficient than men are
Teme, Abinou. "Paganisme et logique du pouvoir dans le Toro en pays Dogon." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0114.
Full textThe poles of power (hogon and related institutions, priesthood, institutions linked to primogeniture's preeminence, the master of the land, the society of mask, women and youth's organisations, the head of the village) are stocklisted ans their odeologic fondations (through an analysis of the notion of omolo natives) are brought out. Their hypothsess considering some rites and the land tenure as favoured expression field of power relationship in toro area. These rites include both agrarian rituals and rites linked to the protection and the supervising of people; they are seen as techniques allouwing individuals to adapt themselves to environment ans to manipulate people and the nature. As for the study of landownership system, it considers the grating of the main agents of these rite (i. E the poles of power) as an awarding of bonus wich goees with their post and an acquittal of the "debt" by the community for the all services done. Some secondary arrangements aiming at the perpetuation of the geronto-theocratic power are (espescially) also analysed through coercive practices, exclusion and subordinative measeares toward women, young people belonging to a caste. These pratices aiming at making compatible modern logic traditional power have also attracted our attention
Ubierna, Pablo. "La littérature apocalyptique byzantine : études sur une économie du temps." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010519.
Full textDegraeve, Béatrice. "Pouvoir et sensibilité à l'influence normative : études expérimentales des effets du pouvoir et du contexte sur le rapport des individus à la norme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3083.
Full textThis work investigates the impact of social power and private or public context on normative influence. We defend the thesis according to which the context (private vs. public) regulates the effects of power on normative influence. In a first series of research, we tested the hypothesis that the possession of power, by generating disinhibition, would make individuals less sensitive to social norms. Two studies are presented and show that the possession of power causes less normative behaviors as well as less socially desirable self-presentations. In a second series of research, we argue that high power primed individuals would exhibit greater disinhibition in private and greater inhibition in public than low power primed individuals. Two studies were conducted and tend to support this idea. A last study examined social responsibility as a potential moderator of the effects of social power and context on normative influence. However, it seems that social responsibility does not mediates the inhibition and disinhibition patterns we observe. Overall, these studies help to clarify the paradoxical effects of power underlined in the literature, by proposing a model which allows to understand how the context generates different processes depending on social power, when disinhibition and inhibition are likely to occur, and what are the consequences for individual behavior
Fleurdorge, Denis. "Les rituels du président de la République : représentations politiques d'un pouvoir et usages sociaux d'une fonction." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H008.
Full textThe object of this study of presidential rituals is to mark out and examine the moment when an act becomes meaningful, when the magic of the presidential gesture begins to operate in the interval between an institutional function and a common practice, the staging of a persona and the expression of an individual person, the logic of appearances and the irrationality of their implications. After an epistemological introduction and the presentation of a methodological mode of approach, the study proceeds with a categorization of presidential representations in terms of "verbs of actions" resulting in an inventory of "presidential acts. " from this first level of investigation ensues a definition of the specific dimensions and constitutive elements of these acts (space, time, actors, apparel, objects and sounds), which in turn makes it possible to conceptualize the social role and official function of presidential rituals. Finally, starting from an examination of the president's non verbal forms of communication as well as his different personae and the social implications of his representations, the last part of the essay identifies presidential rituals as an autonomous system of signification. To the extent that it connects and brings together past and present, the set form of a ritual and the contingency of its context, the president acts as a link between the individual and the nation. This central status is actualized through such figures and personae as those of father, priest, teacher and medicine man, which all partake of an autonomous and purposive system of meaning organized round a mosaic of manifestations the "significance" of which has its roots in both a political and personal ideology
Bako-Arifari, Nassirou. "Dynamiques et formes de pouvoir politique en milieu rural ouest-africain : étude comparée sur le Bénin et le Niger : une anthropologie politique de "l'État joueur" et de "l'État négocié" dans les arènes locales du pouvoir : cas des cantons de Gaya au Niger et de Gomparou au Bénin." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHESA036.
Full textBilodeau, Pier-Luc. "Le pouvoir en négociation collective dans la secteur privé : analyse d'un cas du secteur manufacturier du bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25497/25497.pdf.
Full textMidy, Marie Yonide. "Les pouvoirs de la traduction, pouvoir d'institution : contribution à une sociologie politique de la traduction dans les institutions internationales." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070102.
Full textIf translation is useful, it is however not neutral, it influences social relations. Ideologies, from the most virtuou to the most perverse, have been conveyed by translations and translation as a tool of mediation is a politica paradigm because of the urgent need to communicate. Translation as a challenge becomes a model which contain in itself an element of respect for diversity, not only a language tool but a hospitality component. In this thesis, w will try to focus on some of its many social and political effects. We will reflect on the translation in twm international institutions as a metaphor of mediation between cultures. We examine in this research the socio political issues of the translation process within the institutions, from a sociological perspective withou attempting an exhaustive sociography of the translators, their conditions of work in international institutions a social actors or agents in connection with the international communication and linguistic diversity. We wi highlight the role of translators in the institutional project. We will emphasize the importance of the translato invested with a real power in an office of translation in those two international institutions: The United Nation (UN) and a religious institution within the Catholic Church. To conclude, we venture a comparative study o translation practices within these two institutions in order to highlight common and divergent characteristics
Pillon, Andrea. "Pouvoir et prestige des élites locales en Égypte à la Première Période intermédiaire : études sur l’administration et la société égyptiennes de la fin du IIIe millénaire." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL007.
Full textEgypt's First Intermediate Period is often portrayed as a time of crisis of the royal authority, political fragmentation, and loss of traditional ethical values. The aim of this research is to assess the features of this transformation in the social organization, through the lens of institutional history. The primary sources analysed are chiefly the commemorative texts of the towns' dignitaries and the members of their households; they includes titles, epithets, and autobiographical records that reveal how the higher ranks of society defined their authority, i.e. their power and prestige. The study of the roles and behaviour of these individuals within four administrative areas (i.e. central, territorial, palace, and temple administration) and in the private domain makes it possible to conclude that the First Intermediate Period does not constitute a clear break with the past. On the other hand, the increase in the number of centres that were provided with their own workshops for the production of inscribed monuments offers a new view of the contemporary urban societies, and of the link that the provincial elites maintain with the capital at the end of the 3rd millennium. Some features distinctive of the First Intermediate Period (for instance, the importance of military activities) are also considered
Aguilon, Claire. "Justice constitutionnelle et subsidiarité : l'apport de l'expérience canadienne pour la construction européenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1092.
Full textBottero, Marion. "L’ambigüité des relations amoureuses entre occidentaux et autochtones en Asie du sud-est : approche comparative des cas malaisien et thaïlandais." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100079/document.
Full textWith the development of globalized exchanges, sexual and/or sentimental relationships between Occident and developping countries become more and more frequent. Through the comparative study of occidental people and thai or malay people relationships we will see how, with hierarchies of gender, class and race, occidental and oriental actors try to valorise their economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital. If in Thailand lower class women can acceed to financial stability, in the neighbour country upper class women can aspire to freedom from local culture and religion. This desire of the other often hide among occidental men a reject of « occidental values », especially sexual egality, and a return to values considered more « stable », « traditional », and « hierarchized ». Thereby we will see how globalized love interactions are an instrument to valorise Bourdieu’s capital and a way to redefine social hierarchies
Roby, Agathe. "La prostitution en Midi toulousain à la fin du Moyen âge (XIIIe-XVIe siècles)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20035/document.
Full textBetween the Thirteenth and the Sixteenth Century, the apparition of public brothels -whose function was to regulate venal sex- transformed deeply the landscape of prostitution in the Midi toulousain. The institutionalization of prostitution was contemporary with a period of urban development and with the reintroduction of the political model of the consulate for the specific case of the Midi toulousain. The way in which prostitution was organized—whether it was an institutional activity or whether it circumvented the control of lay as well as Church authorities—offers us a global picture of society of the late Middle Ages. This issue of prostitution will lead us to consider the regulating actions taken by the political powers. We will also analyze the spatial repartition of prostitution, both in the cities and in the countryside. This study will also assess the multi-faceted parts played by the various actors of the world of prostitution
Frémont, Camille. "Mères lesbiennes en France : représentations du genre et pratiques de résistance à la domination." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC040/document.
Full textIn the French heteronormative, male dominated society, what are French lesbian mothers’ representations of gender, and specifically of their children’s gender socialization? The main hypothesis is that being dominated as women and sex-class transfuges at the same time, lesbians have a particular position within the gender system, allowing them a critical point of view on the dominant norms. They are thus predisposed to transmit to their children gender models that challenge the gender system. In France, the gradual institutionalization of homosexual parenting is accompanied with a heated public debate (especially in 2012 and 2013). This research is primarily based on semi-structured interviews conducted between 2011 and 2014. The 36 interviewees are lesbian women with children under 12 years old, conceived within the frame of lesbian parenting. Despite the homogeneity of their social positions (middle and upper class), the interviewees have heterogeneous representations of the dominant norms. They also develop different sets of practices to face these norms. These lesbian mothers seem to develop ordinary forms of resistance to domination. While they show no ideological endorsement to heterosexist norms, they express a real will to be integrated within society. They interpret the context and social contract in a pragmatic way, and seek to protect themselves and their families from the effects of homophobia. Their resistance is mainly infra-political: pushing against the established limits of a framework that restricts them
Armaignac, Esther. "Les personnages féminins des blockbusters américains : représentations et rapports de pouvoir." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20045.
Full textVerdy, Martine. "Relations interterritoriales, hydroélectricité et pouvoir : le cas du fleuve Churchill au Labrador." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21726.
Full textRobillard, Julie. "Genre et pouvoir : relation entre danseurs nus et clientèle féminine et masculine." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7096.
Full textSince the 1960s, there has been a glut of female strippers’ clubs in Montreal. Numerous researches have been written on the subject, but only few of them are about their masculine counterparts, male strippers’ clubs for men and women. Our thesis questions the power relation between male nude dancers and their female and male patrons at 281 and Stock bar. Using male and female strippers’ clubs literature, we study the four dimensions of their power relation: the physical and organizational space’s influence, the physical and sexual connection, the monetary exchange and the emotional link. Our objective is to understand the gender influence on this power relation between male strippers and their female and male patrons. To answer our research question, we have made several under cover observation sessions at 281 and Stock bar. In order to analyse our data, we use Judith Butler’s theories and goffmanian sociology. Butler’s phallus concept enables us to see who is dominating by “having” the phallus and who is dominated by “being” the phallus. We conclude that women are always, with a few exceptions, the ones “being” the phallus for the male strippers and masters of ceremony who “have” it. The Ladies’ night’s structure, set according to the predominant heterosexual binary model, makes it very difficult for them to seize it. As regards of male strippers’ and patrons’ connection in a homosexual context, strippers “are” the phallus for the patrons that “have” it. Their relationship is very similar to the one observed in female strippers’ clubs. “Being” the phallus means that female and male dancers have the power to acknowledge or ignore the male patron’s phallus possession, which will enable or undermine his masculine power to provide economically for their material needs and to be desirable in their eyes. In all cases, male strippers enact a different emotional labor according to patrons’ gender, by enhancing men’s social status and decreasing women’s.
Maheu, Josiane. "La microfinance au coeur d'une géographie du genre renouvelée au Mexique?" Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4303.
Full textThe development of societies around the world is influenced by dynamics of social power. From a perspective of gender, patriarchal relationships often shape development by influencing differential access to resources, including space and mobility. Mexico, historically characterized by both patriarchy and endemic poverty, has been home to a wide range of development strategies addressing gendered inequality. Most recently, microfinance programs have become an instrument of choice for confronting female marginalization and gender inequality. The scientific literature reveals important gaps in the study of gendered relationships in households which benefit from microfinance. Several studies address the impact of microfinance on the lives of women, but few offer a holistic vision that views microfinance as a tool of development promising to shift the spatial nature of gendered inequality. This research is based on qualitative comparative case studies of microfinance groups in San Miguel Tenextatiloyan and Émilio Carranza, two communities of the Sierra Norte de Puebla (Mexico). Its primary objective is to evaluate the degree to which microfinance programs have changed the place of the women in society. To answer this issue, a portrait of the spatial organization of gender is presented, and then the impacts of microfinance programs on the place of women in domestic, work and community spaces is assessed. The results of the study indicate that microfinance programs have not changed substantially the place of women in society. Rather the research finds that, in a context of poverty, microfinance stabilizes households, but does not lead to a clear amelioration of the material circumstances of women’s lives. Secondly, the findings demonstrate that the tasks associated with social reproduction – largely assumed by women – provide a structural barrier to female empowerment that microfinance alone cannot fully confront. Keywords: Gender geography, power relations, development, microfinance, spatiality, neoliberalism, Mexico.
El desarrollo de las sociedades a través del mundo es influido por dinámicas de poder social. De una perspectiva de género, las relaciones patriarcales contribuyeron a la reorganización del desarrollo por un acceso desigual a los recursos, al espacio y a la movilidad. La sociedad mexicana, caracterizada por un patriarcado fuerte y una pobreza endémica, vio emerger instrumentos múltiples de desarrollo para mitigar a las desigualdades de género. Más recientemente, los programas de microfinanzas se convirtieron en un instrumento de elección para luchar contra la marginación de las mujeres y las desigualdades de género. La literatura científica presenta lagunas respecto a la naturaleza de las relaciones de género en los hogares que gozan de las microfinanzas. Varios estudios se refieren en los impactos de estos programas en la vida de las mujeres, pero poco ofrecen una visión holística que considere las microfinanzas como un instrumento de desarrollo capaz de cambiar la naturaleza espacial de las desigualdades de género. Esta investigación está basada en una comparación cualitativa de dos estudios de caso de grupos de microfinanzas de San Miguel Tenextatiloyan y de Emilio Carranza, dos comunidades de la Sierra Norte de Puebla (México). Su objetivo principal es evaluar el grado según el cual los programas de microfinanzas cambiaron el lugar de las mujeres en la sociedad. Para responder a esta cuestión, un retrato de la organización espacial del género será trazado; posteriormente se analizarán y evaluarán los impactos de los programas de microfinanzas respecto al papel de las mujeres en los espacios domésticos, de trabajo y comunitario. El estudio lleva a la conclusión que los programas de microfinanzas del CESDER no cambiaron mucho la plaza de las mujeres en la sociedad. La investigación descubre más bien que, en un contexto de pobreza, las microfinanzas estabilizan los hogares y ofrecen un lugar de discusión, pero no les ofrecen a las mujeres una verdadera posibilidad de adquirir más control sobre su vida. En segundo lugar, los resultados demuestran que las tareas asociadas con la reproducción social -ampliamente asumida por las mujeres- engendran una barrera estructurante en el empoderamiento de las mujeres, un obstáculo que las microfinanzas no llegan totalmente a eliminar. Palabras clave: geografía del género, relaciones de poder, desarrollo, microfinanzas, espacialidad, neoliberalismo, México.
Mercier, Élisabeth. "Ni hypersexualisées ni voilées ! Tensions et enjeux croisés dans les discours sur l’hypersexualisation et le port du voile «islamique» au Québec." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9859.
Full textThis dissertation identifies a co-occurrence between the discourses about girl’s ‘hypersexualization’ and those regarding the ‘Islamic’ practice of veiling, which have been generating similar concerns, discourses and anxieties in Quebec as well as in most Western societies for the past years. More specifically, I propose a ‘general economy of discourses’ (Foucault, 1976) about hypersexualization and headscarf-wearing, from a conjunctural perspective, and by means of three contexts of analysis: feminist, media, and public. I demonstrate how hypersexualization and headscarf-wearing are problematized (Foucault, 2001/1984), that is to say, how they are produced as concomitant social problems. The dissertation consists of three main chapters that each takes on one of the contexts of problematization. The chapter entitled ‘Feminism(s) and Gender Equality’, argues that gender equality is invoked as the modern value par excellence within the feminist movement as in Quebec society. As such, gender equality is constitutive of the problems of hypersexualization and headscarf-wearing. The next chapter, ‘Media Diversity and (Hyper) Visibility’, focuses on the media and popular culture as both subjects and objects of discourse, which produce and define adolescence and Muslim religion/culture as worlds apart, while exposing them to the public. Finally, the chapter entitled ‘Secularism, Sexuality, and Neutrality’ analyzes the public discourses about hypersexualization and headscarf-wearing and highlights the ways in which these problems are constitutive of charters, codes of conduct and other forms of regulations, in the name of the common good and state’s neutrality. In conclusion, I provide a ‘look back’ on the conjuncture, stressing some issues that crosses the main chapters of the dissertation, such as the questions of consensus and extreme.
Chanady, Alexandre. "Au-delà de l’arc-en-ciel : parcours, trajectoires et altérités dans le Village de Montréal." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24159.
Full textThis Master’s thesis explores the diversity and heterogeneity of space within Montréal’s (gay) Village. It seeks to analyze this neighborhood beyond what its ‘commercial showcase’ might reveal at first sight. The Village’s bars and clubs, as well as its shops, community organizations and sociodemographic composition, are not thought as homogeneous, but rather mosaics of multiple people, groups and communities across space. These latter, depending on their trajectories and routes, often have different perceptions and experiences of a single place or of the Village as a whole. Based on a document analysis and interviews with six (6) LGBTQ activists, this thesis reveals multiple strategies and ways to engage space, as well as the networks and spaces within Montreal’s Village where this diversity can be experienced.
Pérusse-Roy, Maude. "Police et manifestantes : une étude qualitative sur l'expérience des femmes en action de protestation." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21972.
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