Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pouvoirs urbains'
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Graefe, Olivier. "Territoires urbains, pouvoirs locaux et gestion foncière en Namibie (Oshakati, Ongwediva, Oudangwa et Rundu) : des collectivités urbaines en gestation." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100159.
Full textJaglin, Sylvy. "Pouvoirs urbains et gestion partagée à Ouagadougou. Equipements et services de proximité dans les périphéries." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458204.
Full textJaglin, Sylvy. "Pouvoirs urbains et gestion partagée à Ouagadougou : équipements et services de proximité dans les périphéries." Paris 8, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA080608.
Full textThe advent of a revolutionary state in burkina faso, in 1983, has changed the management conditions of the capital city, ouagadougou. The running of the neighborhood services such as the supply of drinking water at public standposts and the building of basic educational and health facilities being transfered to grassroots organizations (revolutionary committees), elected by the inhabitants of local urban districts, the neighborhood management proceeds from a complex system of shared responsabilities. This study analyses the original practices which come out of this overall context and the new modes of cooperatio established by public authorities and urban populations to bring basic facilities in the outskirts of ouagadougou, which were recently allotted. Emphasizing on the official settings of urban management, the first part of this work analyses the texts and the institutions as well as the means of financing the capital development. The seocnd part is devoted to the social protagonists of urban peripheries, city dwellers and crs'leaders, and to their function in the construction of a shared management specific field of action. The third part studies the articulations and interactions between the "top" and the "bottom" of the social fabric, through the analyse and local management practices. Stress is laid on the contradictions and the discrepancies which arise from the conflicting scales at which the local management is determined
Damasceno, Fonseca Cláudia. "Des terres aux villes de l'or : pouvoirs et territoires urbains au Minas Gerais, Brésil, XVIIIe siècle /." Paris : Lisboa : Centre culturel Calouste Gulbenkian ; Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391356786.
Full textBibliogr. p. 575-593. Glossaire. Index.
Gatta, Federica. "(Contre)pouvoirs urbains ? : une critique des dispositifs non-institutionnels de l’aménagement urbain dans les transformations du Nord-Est de la métropole parisienne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100164.
Full textIn which way is urbanism confronting both the evolution taking place in contemporary urban movements and the simultaneous growth of political rhetoric concerning sustainable, participatory development? The present thesis stems from the observation of an ongoing process of institutionalization, begun in the seventies, of social movements and critical theories that emphasize the role and importance of city residents in the construction of their city. This process is analyzed through an ethnography conducted in the Parisian northeastern metropolitan area, thus situating it in an illustrative context of significant recent transformation. The challenge of this work is in studying a number of situations in which actors who are generally considered separately, interact: organizations involved in the development of communal urban participation, groups actively occupying abandoned urban spaces, the technicians and decision-makers of large-scale renovation projects, collectives of artists and architects advocating urban art and participation. Through an analysis of the explanations and (mis)understandings these actors use and reach while discussing projects in progress, what appears is a specific form of control of social counter-powers. This process is framed by apparatus attributing value to the idea of uncertainty in the urban imagination, asserting the “inhabitant” as an ambiguous subject-object of urban transformation, conceiving the intermittent progression of events and temporalities as a new paradigm of urban planning. What follows from this analysis is a questioning into where libertarian self-governance and urban neoliberalism converge, and into the evolving relationship between technical and critical urbanism
Fonseca, Claudia Damasceno. "Pouvoirs, villes et territoires : genèse et représentations des espaces urbains dans le Minas Gerais (Brésil), XVIIIe - début XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0128.
Full textThe first true urban network in the interior of Portuguese America appears only at the beginning of the 18th century, following the discovery of rich gold deposits in a poorly-known mountainous region which would soon acquire the name of Minas Gerais and would be constituted as a Royal Captaincy of the Portuguese Crown. Gold mining, as well as agricultural and commercial activities, allow for the transformation of small and unstable population centers – miner encampments or roadside rest-stops – into larger and more developed towns. Over the course of the 18th and into the beginning of the 19th centuries, only a handful of these localities receives the title of vila from the Portuguese Crown – a denomination that carries with it the privilege of organizing a câmara, a municipal officer’s corps with judicial, administrative, military and fiscal powers. This dissertation will examine the material and institutional processes by which urban territories and settlements in the expansive areas of Minas Gerais were constituted. The diverse representations of towns and their surrounding territories will be a primary focus as well. The thesis is divided into three parts, each of which corresponds to a different scale of the settlement and urbanization process. In the first instance, the perspective is that of the captaincy as a whole, and the primary focus is the spatial and temporal distribution of the town’s foundings. The second part examines territorial conflicts between several municipalities, including disputes over administrative functions, titles and privileges, and hierarchies and degrees of urban development within the settlements. Finally, passing to the local level, the processes involving the material constitution of urban space are discussed, including the practical problems of management, and diverse observations on these subjects by local elites and foreign travellers
Feriel, Cédric. "Piétonniser les centres-villes (1960-1980). États, pouvoirs municipaux et sociétés urbaines face aux mutations des centres urbains au second XXe siècle (Europe, États-Unis)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV008.
Full textPedestrian streets have been regarded as anachronistic urban planning for a long time. Largely absent from french academic works on the evolution of western cities till the Second World War, pedestianisation has no history and is an anonymous phenomenon. It seems that nothing has to be learned from this layout, except it confirms city centers patrimonialization. But, considering pedestrianisation means closing an urban area to automobile traffic and redesigning entirely public spaces for pedestrian only (with uniform pavement), no pedestrian street is to be found in Europe before the second half of the twentieth century. This kind of layout appeared around 1960 in the United States and in Federal Republic of Germany. Our hypothesis is that pedestrianisation does belong to the 1960s-1970s urban planning and has no obvious connection with patrimonialisation.Based on this observation, this dissertation has two aims. The first one is to fill a gap in french historiography. While pedestrian areas are common in European towns, the subject remains a blind spot that prevent analysis of continuity and change with the interest for pedestrian places in present urban planning. The second deals with epistemological issues. It aims to renew the approach of city centers evolution after 1945, breaking with the paradigm of State policies as the sole driving force of urban planning and exploring, in this field, the role of local initiatives, social mobilisations and transnational exchanges. It also aims to deconstruct a mental framework in which innovation belongs to new urbanised areas, whereas city centers are to be dedicated to patrimonalization and heritage conservation. Dealing with the old urban fabric, urban planning has no obvious solution
Djatcheu, Kamgain Martin Luther. "Le phénomène de l'habitat précaire à Yaoundé : mécanismes internes et gouvernance urbaine." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0009.
Full textThe present thesis has as an ambition to understand the mechanisms of the production of the precarious habitat in Yaounde and the strategies of the various private and public actors to reabsorb it. It results from a methodology which combines the document retrieval, the direct observations, the investigations by questionnaire near a representative sample of the households of the districts with precarious habitat of Yaounde, and the talks at the chiefs of districts, persons in charge of associations and ONG of Yaounde, working in the improvement of the districts with precarious habitat. It comes out from this study that the districts with precarious habitat of the town of Yaounde develop primarily on the slopes of steep hills and in the funds of marshy valleys. They pose real problems which push the urban powers on the one hand to shave them (Municipality) and on the other hand to implement at it strategies and/or programs of improvement (the State through the PPAB and the PDUE; ONG, associations of the districts, individuals, etc). Indeed, the precarious habitat in the studied districts first of all occupied the slopes of steep hills, then was spread out in the marshes, zones in theory not aedificandi. These districts gather nearly 90% of the population of the city. The latter, which comes from various geographical horizons, does not have a land title guaranteeing the property to him and the land transactions are done there in the illegality. The dwellings as for them, are built by drudges who employ materials of fortune. The districts with precarious habitat of the town of Yaounde have real problems of cleansing. The evacuation of solid waste constitutes a thorny question for the households, especially in terms of access to the services of collection of quality. The distribution network of electricity present in a permanent way of the failures, and the water provision is done either in sub-renting starting from a tap pertaining to a individual, or on the terminal fountain, or with a source or in a water well. The anarchistic occupation of the slopes of steep hills and the funds of marshy valleys is in the beginning many “natural” phenomena of which erosion, landslides and floods. The strategies of treatment of the precarious habitat by the public urban powers are directed on the one hand towards the abandonment without compensation for the populations not having neither land title, nor building permit, and on the other hand towards opening-up by reorganization. Several ONG and associations of the districts contribute to the cleansing of certain districts with precarious habitat in the town of Yaounde. Also, the populations of these districts employ techniques of fortune to stabilize the occupied mediums and to thus make vis-a-vis the hydrological and geomorphological problems. The operations of reorganization of the sectors with precarious dwellings and of rehousing of the populations installed in zones at real risk, are operations of installation adapted in the socio-economic context yaoundéen. For a more effective improvement, the State must imperatively carry out normative and administrative structural changes various scales. The legislation should thus plan the option of a refitting of the precarious sectors of the districts with a long-term aim to standardize the land situation their inhabitants. The public authorities must become aware of the utility to integrate the problems of the districts into precarious habitat in the planning of the evolution of their territory
Djatcheu, Kamgain Martin Luther. "Le phénomène de l'habitat précaire à Yaoundé : mécanismes internes et gouvernance urbaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0009.
Full textThe present thesis has as an ambition to understand the mechanisms of the production of the precarious habitat in Yaounde and the strategies of the various private and public actors to reabsorb it. It results from a methodology which combines the document retrieval, the direct observations, the investigations by questionnaire near a representative sample of the households of the districts with precarious habitat of Yaounde, and the talks at the chiefs of districts, persons in charge of associations and ONG of Yaounde, working in the improvement of the districts with precarious habitat. It comes out from this study that the districts with precarious habitat of the town of Yaounde develop primarily on the slopes of steep hills and in the funds of marshy valleys. They pose real problems which push the urban powers on the one hand to shave them (Municipality) and on the other hand to implement at it strategies and/or programs of improvement (the State through the PPAB and the PDUE; ONG, associations of the districts, individuals, etc). Indeed, the precarious habitat in the studied districts first of all occupied the slopes of steep hills, then was spread out in the marshes, zones in theory not aedificandi. These districts gather nearly 90% of the population of the city. The latter, which comes from various geographical horizons, does not have a land title guaranteeing the property to him and the land transactions are done there in the illegality. The dwellings as for them, are built by drudges who employ materials of fortune. The districts with precarious habitat of the town of Yaounde have real problems of cleansing. The evacuation of solid waste constitutes a thorny question for the households, especially in terms of access to the services of collection of quality. The distribution network of electricity present in a permanent way of the failures, and the water provision is done either in sub-renting starting from a tap pertaining to a individual, or on the terminal fountain, or with a source or in a water well. The anarchistic occupation of the slopes of steep hills and the funds of marshy valleys is in the beginning many “natural” phenomena of which erosion, landslides and floods. The strategies of treatment of the precarious habitat by the public urban powers are directed on the one hand towards the abandonment without compensation for the populations not having neither land title, nor building permit, and on the other hand towards opening-up by reorganization. Several ONG and associations of the districts contribute to the cleansing of certain districts with precarious habitat in the town of Yaounde. Also, the populations of these districts employ techniques of fortune to stabilize the occupied mediums and to thus make vis-a-vis the hydrological and geomorphological problems. The operations of reorganization of the sectors with precarious dwellings and of rehousing of the populations installed in zones at real risk, are operations of installation adapted in the socio-economic context yaoundéen. For a more effective improvement, the State must imperatively carry out normative and administrative structural changes various scales. The legislation should thus plan the option of a refitting of the precarious sectors of the districts with a long-term aim to standardize the land situation their inhabitants. The public authorities must become aware of the utility to integrate the problems of the districts into precarious habitat in the planning of the evolution of their territory
Yapi-Diahou, Alphonse. "Baraques et pouvoirs dans l'agglomération abidjanaise /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) ; Budapest [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376441144.
Full textBaron, Bruno. "Élites, pouvoirs et vie municipale à Brest, 1750-1820." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724666.
Full textJaglin, Sylvy. "Gestion urbaine partagée à Ouagadougou : pouvoirs et périphéries, 1983-1991 /." Paris : Éd. de l'ORSTOM, Éd. Karthala, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36154827m.
Full textJean-Marie, Laurence. "Caen aux onzieme et douzieme siecles. Espace urbain, pouvoirs et societe." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN1203.
Full textThe story of caen in the eleventh and twelfth centuries is that of the rise of a genuine town, in connection with the will of the dukes of normandy specially william the bastard later the conqueror who built a castle, an enclosure and two abbeys. The burgh of caen, founded in the eleventh century, even perhaps by william himself, is the base of this developement. The sources permit to reconstitute its contents (organization and growth of urban space, development of economical activities and political importance) and to study the diverse parts of the urban society
Pinson, Gilles. "Projets et pouvoirs dans les villes européennes : une comparaison de Marseille, Venise, Nantes et Turin." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00125323.
Full textC'est ce processus d'institutionnalisation que cette thèse se propose d'analyser à travers l'étude des projets de ville et des projets urbains dans quatre villes européennes : Marseille, Venise, Nantes et Turin. Qu'il s'agisse de grandes opérations de requalification urbaine et économique de morceaux de villes comme Euroméditerranée à Marseille, Porto Marghera à Venise ou l'Ile de Nantes, ou de dispositifs de planification stratégique comme à Turin, ces projets sont analysés comme des processus de mobilisation sociale activant des dispositifs d'interactions entre une pluralité d'acteurs, de groupes et d'institutions. L'analyse de ces dispositifs de projet fait apparaître plusieurs traits saillants des dispositifs contemporains de gouvernance des villes européennes : la différenciation des agendas, des enjeux et des systèmes d'acteurs d'une ville à l'autre ; la différenciation interne des scènes d'action publique urbaine et la multiplication des acteurs, réseaux et institutions impliqués dans les politiques urbaines ; la pluralisation des structures de pouvoir dans chacune des villes étudiées. Pour autant, ces différents phénomènes de différenciation et de pluralisation ne sont pas synonymes de la déperdition d'une capacité d'action collective dans les villes. En effet, ils sont accompagnés de phénomènes de recomposition, de construction de liens d'interdépendance entre la pluralité des acteurs impliqués et de reconstruction d'une capacité de coordination de leurs actions.
L'analyse de ces projets fait apparaître un processus d'institutionnalisation à deux dimensions. L'institutionnalisation des villes comme espaces politiques et comme lieux de constitution d'une capacité d'action collective procède, certes, de l'affirmation d'un leadership politique et institutionnel capable de donner du sens à l'action d'une pluralité de réseaux et de coordonner leur action. Mais elle procède également de la démultiplication des interactions entre acteurs, groupes et institutions dans le cadre de processus de projet relativement ouverts et qui ne sont que partiellement déterminés, dans leurs formes et leurs résultats, par l'autorité politique. Ainsi, l'institutionnalisation des villes n'est-elle pas uniquement le résultat de l'action structurante des institutions de gouvernement urbains mais également de dispositifs d'interactions sociales qui cristallisent des dispositions à la coopération, des relations d'interdépendance, des identités d'action et des cadres cognitifs communs. Les configurations où la constitution d'une capacité d'action collective urbaine est la plus nette sont celles où les projets sont l'occasion d'une densification des réseaux d'acteurs et d'une démultiplication des interactions entre ces acteurs et dans lesquelles ces phénomènes sont secondés, relayés par une activité de portage politique et institutionnel du projet.
Rousseau, Max. "Vendre la ville (post)industrielle. : Capitalisme, pouvoir et politiques d'image à Roubaix et à Sheffield (1945-2010)." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STETT099.
Full textThis work addresses the following question: why, in cities in difficulty, is a significant share of resources allocated to symbolic goods? To this end, the thesis examines the evolution of the "image policies" to interpret the shift in urban power and policy since the Second World War. This work is based on a thorough study of two cities born of the industry: Roubaix and Sheffield. The thesis proposes to refine the chronological political economic analysis commonly used by critical urban studies by introducing a periodization in five steps. The first part analyses the emergence of image policies in both cities at the turn of the 1960s, as reflecting a process of "fordisation of the urban policy." This section proposes a division of the Fordist era into two ideal-typical periods, early urban Fordism and late urban Fordism. Devoted to the years when de-industrialization increases, thesecond part highlights the role of social movements in the divergent evolution of the political picture. The third section on "the entrepreneurialisation of urban policy" proposes to subdivide the post-Fordist era into two sub-periods, early urban entrepreneurialism and late urban entrepreneurialism. The evolution of image policies, of their production and their targets, jointlyresult in the decline of industry in the economic base of cities, the fragmentation of the working class and the closer cooperation of urban governments with interests private which occurred in both cities since the late 1970s
Dewailly, Bruno. "Pouvoir et production urbaine à Tripoli Al-Fayha'a (Liban) : quand l'illusio de la rente foncière et immobilière se mue en imperium." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR1501.
Full textThe Tripoli Al-Fayha’ a (Lebanon) urban area has a complex and eventful history. For a century its society has been facing transformative changes with a multitude of sources and consequences essentially linked to the reconfiguration of its economic structures born of its incorporation into modern Lebanon. Once an ancient and influential commercial city with regional and international reach, Tripoli has lost much of its economic vitality. It no longer creates sufficient wealth to provide its population with the continuation of past prosperity. It has become a place of physical, economic and symbolic battles in which its inhabitants struggle daily to ensure their livelihood. Postulating the establishment of an economy now principally based on a system of land and real-estate rent and of speculation, our thesis is proposing to analyse the reasons and true tenor of this particular process of production of urban space, as well as its mechanisms and effects, as a study, over time, of the spatialities linked to three urban projects: coastal planning, the realization of a real-estate driven land reparcelling of suburban orchards, and the redevelopment and enhancement of the Medina. The analysis of the sets of actions specific to these three situations – taken in their spatial, historical, and sociopolitical dynamics as well as on a local, regional, national, and international scale – invites one to question the meaning of urbanities and of a possible citadinity at play in Tripoli and, beyond this, to question the fundamental nature of the power exercised there. This analysis leads us then to ponder on the formation and existence of, as P. Bourdieu would designate it, a real-estate illusio, produced from and producing a powerful pleasurable “common affect”, which has reached – following B. Spinoza’s proposition – a state of imperium with unsustainable human and governmental consequences
Herdoiza, Mera Wilson. "Rapports de pouvoir dans l'occupation de l'espace urbain en Equateur." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHES0025.
Full textBen, Mabrouk Taoufik. "Le pouvoir d'agglomération en France : logiques d'émergence et modes de fonctionnement du gouvernement métropolitain (1964-2001)." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/benmabrouk_t.
Full textThis Ph. D. Dissertation analyses the rising of metropolitan power by which big cities' mayors intend, nowadays, to get control over the urban management. An introducing socio-historical analysis highlights the origins and the patterns of current metropolitan management framework. Then, we focus on the political and institutional conditions as well as modes by which such a metropolitan management framework becomes a local political project based on political enterprise of such big cities’ mayors. The analysis of strategies and devices of the usual system of interdependencies between local authorities
Crouzet-Pavan, Élisabeth. "Espaces urbains, pouvoir et société à Venise à la fin du Moyen-Age." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010562.
Full textThis is the tale of a city - Venice, a study devoted to the history of an urban organism from the mid-13th century to the end of the 15th; it is focused neither on the forms and aesthetics of the monumental landscape nor on the physical organization of the town, but on the interplay between power, society and the space in which they evolve. A leading factor of coherence during the period under consideration is the intervention of political power in and upon urban space. The first part of this study is therefore devoted to describe the system of power and of space in Venice; the second is centered upon the development of social structures as they are revealed by the kind of spatial analysis which has been selected. Changes in the organization of space are thus considered under two corrolatory approaches. Eventually. The urban entity is apprehended as a whole, from the lands around and amidst the lagoon to the belt of outer parishes and to the inner areas which are increasingly well defined. The overall structure of venetian space, as it was established and as it developed over two centuries an more up to its accomplishment can be thus understood
Goerg, Odile. "Pouvoir colonial, municipalités et espaces urbains : Conakry-Freetown des années 1880 à 1914 /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) : l'Harmattan, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37065997g.
Full textHulbert, François. "Pouvoir local et espace urbain : un exemple d'aménagement, l'agglomération de Québec." Rennes 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN20013.
Full textThe political configuration of Quebec metropolitan area, provincial capital (600. 000 inhabitants), merging municipalities, the Quebec urban community and surrounding associated municipalities provide the basis for the identification of problems linked to the overall organisation resulting in the juxtaposition of several schemes within one metropolitan area. The formulation of such a scheme, at first opposed by local councils, was finally imposed by the provincial government. When, after ten years of delaying tactics, the municipalities constituting the Quebec urban community agreed on a scheme it was already too late to ensure the future of the community. More and more, urban development has expanded beyond the scope of this obsolete structure incessantly contested by local councils to the advantage of outskirt suburbs and to the prejudice of both the urban centre of the main city and of the region as a whole. The latter, becoming progressively severed from the capital, loses faith in the repeated promises of economic benefits supposed to be granted by a policy of development focussed on the regional capital. Surveying the performance of the Quebec metropolitan area leads to the conclusion that political power is needed at metropolitan and regional levels in order to fill the present void and lack of any development policy as can be discovered by geographical analysis through a direct active approach and involvement over a long period. The present experiment in urban and regional geopolitics may open new vistas to the discipline in as much as it brings political analysis within the scope of urban study
Hulbert, François. "Pouvoir local et espace urbain un exemple d'aménagement, l'agglomération de Québec /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614430k.
Full textGoerg, Odile. "Pouvoir colonial, municipalités et espaces urbains : Etude comparée Conakry-Freetown, des années 1880 à 1914." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070022.
Full textThis dissertation considers three main themes. First the genesis and evolution of municipal institutions in conakry freetown, then a comparative analysis of municipal policies and finally a study of urbanism and public health in these two colonial cities. The idea is to analyse the relationship between the institutions and the policies during colonial times and to measure the respective range of manoeuvre. Beyond differences resulting from history, populations or national features of the two colonizers, the study shows that the policies converge at the end of the xixth c. This can be explained by changes in imperialistic pratices (restriction of self-government) and by the new domination of sanitary concerns (adaptation of segregation schemes)
Eyoman, Aline Grâce. "Pouvoir et pratiques associatives en milieu urbain : étude socio-ethnographique des regroupements de femmes comme espace d'accumulation et de construction du pouvoir." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0001.
Full textThis dissertation explores power relationships in women mutual aid associations. Women underrepresentation in decision-making teams, which is justified by female leadership properties and notably lack of power, has led to the question of power exercise in those associations. We hypothesize that women associations create new practices whose reference frames are made of complex power and solidarity chains, intertwining reciprocal relationships as well as group and individual interests. To this end, we approach women associations under the power relationships angle where group interests mix with individual ones. We proceed through field observations in tontine groups, ethnic associations and market retailers associations. We show that mutual aid and solidarity practices are damaged by power relationships and some leader’s accumulation logics. Study of women associations shows fierce control taking contests. Autocratic power management methods prevent changes of management team
Tsicaloudaki, Maria. "Pouvoirs et professions des communautés chrétiennes urbaines dans l'Empire ottoman (XVIIe-XIXe siècles) : Serrès, Philippopoli, Kozani, Larissa." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010706.
Full textJoly, Jacques. "Formes urbaines et pouvoir local : le cas de Grenoble des années 60 et 70." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20048.
Full textIn the 1960 s and 1970 s grenoble was one of the few zrench towns to have a real political project of urban planning. Under the leader ship of an avant-garde socialist municipality large-scale urban development, such as the construction of the new villeneuve quartier on the outshirts of the town, and the restoration of the old quartiers in the city center was carried out in the interval between the period of economic expansion and recession. This research studies the multiple, dialectical relationships between local government and the forms of urban construction in an effort to define the links between the form of the local government, its project, its underlying ideology and the system that produces the forms and material structures of the city. The urban forms that emerged in grenoble can thus be set in the framework of mainstream trends in contemporary architecture and of new developments in political thinking, in nparticular, the social democratic current representend by the grenoble experiment, according to the author
Pétrova, Vélislava. "Le marché urbain en tant que culture : naissance, institutionnalisation et relations de pouvoir autour des lieux marchands dans l'environnement urbain." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H006.
Full textThe dissertation research object arе “wild” urban marketplaces. They reveal the deep transformation of Bulgarian cities resulting from the economic, social and political transformations occurring at a global and national level. The study of the marketplace phenomenon as a culture is essential to the analysis of the post socialist city. We are particularly interested at the market site as a practiced, produced and imagined place. That means, to analyze the procès of restructuration and diversion of the city under the influence of economic and political factors, but also to take into consideration the everyday urban practices. The main scientific goal of the dissertation is centered on the comprehension of urban markets as cultures. Two research sites were chosen. The first one expands around an official marketplace in the city of Dimitrovgrad. The second one, located in Sofia, has a long history of spatial migration. As research results we could state several repeting motifs: 1. The way the story of the marketplace is told translates informants’ world visions and their ways of experiencing the economic and political transformations. 2. The studied marketplaces are often considered as dirty and shameful, a fact originating in the insecurity and incertitude structiring the market experience and practice 4. The relation between the marketplace and the city could be defined through three nessecities: to hide it, to restreint its visibility and to impose boundaries. Research techniques are unstructured interviews, life stories, participant and direct observation, sketching, taking pictures and documentary analyses
Gallo, Alexandra. "La communauté de Sisteron (XIIIe-XIVe siècle) : l'exercice du pouvoir urbain : rythmes et enjeux." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10033.
Full textAyoub, Hassan. "Les pouvoirs publics marocains face aux mouvements sociaux : vers le dépassement d'une crise périphérique : l'exemple de Casablanca." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32077.
Full textIn the city of Casablanca richness and poverty, wealthiness and misery are interrelated and combined realities. . . . It is the most important economic metropolis of the Great Maghreb, due to functions and jobs it generates. It is nowadays the biggest human and urban concentration of the country. This aspect leads multiple problems to public services as well as their clients. The city is the place of all the contradictions of the Moroccan society; it “absorbs” dangerously all the forces without succeeding in integrating all of them, which provokes sometimes social tensions and protests. After the violent social demonstrations since the beginning of 20th century, and maybe even before, the city had to change in a context of urban planning policies supposed to restore order. This aspect characterises the history of the city within the dialectic space/society. Since the repetitive riots of the 80s, the city became a political stake, and its suburb the main issue of the urban policy. This forced the political power to a socio-spatial and urbanistic management determined by emergency decisions. So, the “emergency urban planning” became the central issue of this research. It allowed structuring this study and defining the various strategic reorientations of the colonial and post-colonial urban policies, and more exactly their social and spatial consequences on the Casablanca suburb
Ben, Mabrouk Taoufik Balme Richard. "Le pouvoir d'agglomération en France logiques d'émergence et modes de fonctionnement du gouvernement métropolitain (1964-2001) /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/benmabrouk_t.
Full textBénit-Gbaffou, Claire. "La fragmentation urbaine à Johannesburg : recomposition des pouvoirs locaux, mobilités de travail et dynamiques résidentielles dans la ville post-apartheid." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT5005.
Full textZamani, Mohammadamin. "Théâtre, ville et pouvoir: Pour une étude de la spatialité urbaine du théâtre à Téhéran (2009-2019)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/313327/5/Contrat.pdf.
Full textThis thesis studies the theatre and its transformations in the socio-political context of Tehran between 2009 and 2019 through the question of spatiality (Lussault, 2007). This period is characterized, on the one hand, by the blossoming of new performance spaces of various architectural, urban and institutional natures throughout the city and, on the other hand, by the appearance of new forms of appropriation of urban spaces for theatrical purposes by artists and spectators. To question these mutations, this study analyses the three case studies – representative of private theatre, off stage theatre and underground theatre - from a theoretical approach that combines social production of space and social construction of space (Low, 2017). In doing so, the present thesis demonstrates that beyond the aesthetic and dramaturgical dimensions, the evolution of the theatre scene in Tehran results from a more significant change in the urban spatiality of the theatre. This materializes, on the one hand, in the transformation of the spatial organization of the theatre within the urban context and, on the other hand, in the ways in which the social and political relations and dynamics of the city are spatialized in the theatre. As a result of this double process, and in the tense and changing socio-political conjunctures of Tehran in 2010s, the theatre space, hitherto an almost compartmentalized space excluded from the public sphere, is manifesting itself as a new public space. Not only it becomes the political field where different political and social forces meet (Balme,2014), it also turns into one of the principal elements in the power dynamics among them. Its production as an architectural and urban entity, its occupation, its appropriation and even its social, symbolic and discursive characteristics and boundaries are then the object of struggles, debates, negotiations and interventions - among the most tense and even virulent ones that the Iranian capital has experienced in the last decade - on the part of the three main forces :the authoritarian and ideological power in place, the economic and financial operators and the citizens, in this case artists and spectators. On the one hand, the dominant political, ideological and financial forces are establishing the privatization of theatre, which is conceptualized here as a spatial strategy. (De Certeau, 1990). They regulate theatre space, its production and use through multiple processes of political, ideological and economic exclusion, homogenization and domination. On the other hand, citizens deploy tactics (De Certeau) that is, new forms of appropriation of space within the breaches, inconsistencies and interstices of the dominant strategy. As a result, urban spaces produced, regulated and monitored for political, ideological or even capitalist purposes immediately become the fields for new forms of artists and spectators’ agencies. Sometimes these forms take the form of acts of resistance, struggle, contestation (the Underground theatre), sometimes of negotiation, compromise (the private theatres) or even circumvention and counter-experiences (the Off Stage theatre). However, whatever the form and consequences of these interactions, they open up breaches and fractures in the political, ideological and economic order that dominates the city and its space. They thus make possible the emergence and survival of forms of otherness in the public sphere and the public space.
Doctorat en Arts du spectacle et technique de diffusion et de communication
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Leclerc, Frédérik. "Savoirs et pouvoirs dans la ville de Québec : Le Rapport Gréber et les images discursives de la modernité urbaine, 1948-1956." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30204/30204.pdf.
Full textAt the end of World War II, Quebec city was the subject of a vast modernization program that went through a reorganization of urban space. Willing to align with the new North American sociopolitical context, the city’s public authorities decided to call upon planners Jacques Gréber, Édouard Fiset and Roland Bédard to help aid the various urban problems that had arisen. Employed by the local planning commission, they had to manage, by rational means, the urban questions and proceed to the conception of the town’s first comprehensive plan. In doing so, the municipal administration wanted to materialize their desires of modernization by inscribing them within a technico-scientific discourse about the city and its organization. After eight years of work, Gréber and his collaborators presented the Projet d’aménagement de Québec et de sa région, an 86 pages long document offering a series of solutions and advices concerning the urban structure and its relation to present, past and future. Our thesis focuses on this salient moment in the urban history of Quebec. By confronting the planners’ production with foucaldian theories on knowledge and powers, we tried to understand how the desired modernization of the urban environment induces a particular vision of public space on both spatial and political levels. Not only the solutions proposed by the planners depended on a specific vision of urban planning – mainly functionalist theories and modern architecture – but the insertion of the expert figure in the city’s political organization were indicative of a reconfiguration of power relations within the urban government. Thus, behind the dreamed landscape for the old capital was hiding a particular conception of the polis, which redrew the web of relations between public authorities, technical expertise and the civil society.
Twati, Mahfod. "L'organisation des pouvoirs publics territoriaux en Libye : pour une meilleure répartition des compétences en aménagement du territoire." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR1002/document.
Full textLibya is one of the most important Arab countries due to its great oil wealth and its strategic geographic position, along the Mediterranean sea and close to southern Europe. However, since it’s independence in 1951, it has experienced different political movements which had left a great influence, on all aspects of life in Libya. From this fact, our study deals first of all with the influence of political movements, since independence in 1951 until the fall of Qaddafi in 2011, and the structure of locale public territorial authorities. This infuence has been characterized by the instability of the organization and the planning of local public territorial authorities. This study is based on the analysis, which is the use of the instability as mean to ensure the durability of power, including maintaining a constant legal and administrative uncertainty. This territorial structure instability and legal uncertainty has had a major impact on the process of planning of local government. Indeed, the territorial authority should be able to carry out this process, and playing a role which comes from a direct relationship of the people and their needs. This relationship should be the first principle of the organization of power at all levels. Secondly, we studied the influence of legal uncertainty and instability in the organization of territorial authorities on the process of planning at the local level. This impact is linked to the sharing of competences in urban planning and local control apparatus, which in turn led to an interruption of the enlargement and implementation of plans and development schemes. Such disorders could only lead to troubling the effectiveness of solutions proposed by the competent authorities to reduce the problems of access to necessary services required by all citizens
Guichard, Pauline. "Urbanisme et développement durable : urbanisation et pouvoir local sur la Côte d'Azur." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0002.
Full textEnvironmental concerns and sustainable development have been progressively creeping into studies and documents on city planning; just how these themes and preoccupations came into being over the course of time must be made clear. The rise of sustainable development is here analysed through texts produced in the field of city planning and environmental law, and through the urban policies developed in the Maritime Alps over the last half-century. Many are the themes that constitute the notion of sustainable development, themes that were present in city planning discourse well before the notion appeared as such; its significance stands out all the better when compared to the practices in city planning engaged in during two distinct periods: the one preceding the emergence of sustainable development and that which explicitly integrates this norm. The issue developed puts political power at the heart of the analysis: the social norm of “sustainable development” has legal effects and constitutes an essential element of a political strategy that best serves the middle classes. For half a century, a major part of the latter population group was able to pass from the mere dream of a lifestyle organised around individual home ownership and the realisation of that dream: henceforth, it is paramount to protect this “established right” rather than to continue “wasting” that space. Two elements of this strategy of sustainable development appear to be particularly significant: transfers of powers and inter-municipal links, on the one hand, and new conceptions of urban densities, on the other hand; both will give rise to relative analyses of agglomeration of the French Riviera, and notably the lower valley of the Var comprising an Operation in the National Interest (OIN/ONI Eco Valley). This will provide the opportunity to notice that the local power of the French State, far from becoming reinforced, on the contrary, is fading out in the redistribution that is taking place; thanks to inter-municipal links, the power of large towns has not stopped growing to the detriment of the smaller ones. At the same time, the growing success of the theme of “city planning projects” underlines the liberal orientation, adopted long since, in the area of city planning
Papin, Philippe. "Des "villages dans la ville" aux "villages urbains" - l'espace et les formes du pouvoir a ha-noi de 1805 a 1940." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070114.
Full textThe present study offers a historical perspective to the evolution of thecity of hanoi, and seeks to determine the nature of the base on which the city was gradually constructed over the colonial period. This "base" was primarily shaped by the physical geography and notably theold hydrographic system which made hanoi into a fundamentally "lakeside" city. On the basis of this understanding, the study moves to an analysis of the landholding structures of both city and periphery. This is an attempt to comprehend the role played by the communal lands, which were considerably more numerous on the edge of the city than in all other provinces. The issue examined here is the relationship between privatisation and urbanisation. The conditions under which urban soil was developed depended directly on the settlement of the city, which is made up of more than 100 "villages in the city", retaining strong links with their rural origins. The village in the city was originally nothing more than an extension of the ruralvillage : we examine here the process by which these satellite-villages were emancipated, becoming "urban villages". There was a phenomenon i call "exponential urbanisation" - urbanisation of villages already situated in the urban zone - phenomenon which is crucial to understand how "quartiers" were formed. This process was internal to village societies : it is therefore necessary to seek explanations for it there. How and why were villages detached from their origins? the systems of power underpinning these societies within the city are examined : the mandarinate and the state administration on the one hand, and the village notables and lower level administration of the city on the other. It appears that incorporation into the city corresponded to both the eradication of the mandarinate and the erosion of the traditional powers of the notables
Lobo, Lemes Fernando. "Pouvoir politique et réseau urbain dans Amérique coloniale : mines et capitainerie du Goáis aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030111/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to highlight the colonial history of the Portuguese Empire by the analysis of the force´s and power´s relationships in the mines and captaincy of Goiás during the 18th and 19th centuries. In a world based on gold exploring economies and in African slave’s trades, where the diversity makes difficult to impose authority as it was in European models, the Senado da Camara, as an arm´s extremity of the colonial´s state and the guiding principal of the Lisbon´s political project, is the main point of our analysis. Based on the role of the local elites related to the administration of urban´s structures, we will put in perspective the geography politics. In the vast colonial urban space, Goiás history can explain the links between politics and the city and it can reveals the city as a major space for the politics. In this context, political history becomes a history of power. We want to know, in the level of the Colonial city, how power is constituted, manifested and how it uses the power of the Crown and also what are their bases of legitimation. We will give particular attention to a dynamic approach of different temporalities seen as a product of social constructions which provides power from ones to anothers, revealing the weaknesses and antagonisms in the disputed field of politics. This study proposes to reconstruct some elements that give sense to the expansion of the Portuguese empire and to the building of political power network in the central of Brazil
Delzant, Jean-Baptiste. "Magnificus dominus. Pouvoir, art et culture dans les seigneuries d’Italie centrale à la fin du Moyen Âge." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040178.
Full textIn the 14th and 15th centuries, most cities in Central Italy fell under the rule of powerful families. Camerino saw the rise of the Varanos, Fabriano of the Chiavellis, and Foligno of the Trincis. As communal authorities ended up acknowledging their power, the Popes also agreed to handing out to them significant delegations of their authority. While the two most important foundational aspects of their legitimacy laid there, these families were able to build on a third one that depended on themselves and on themselves alone. Their power became dynastic.Urban lords developed genuine communication policies. Town planning, architecture, commission of paintings as well as of literary works where the most useful tools in the building up of their image as good leaders. This study first explores this achievement by examining wall-paintings in family residences. Such works should be regarded as acts of government perceived as contributions to honor of the city. As instruments of fame, they also manifested singular virtues and thus justified the exercise of a personal power.Artistic commissions situated leading families at the heart of their city’s history. They created a sense of continuity with the urban authorities upon which the new rulers still depended. Images were meant to display an hegemony that came to be more and more deeply grounded in dynastic succession and that was supported by the gathering of a select court. While the different sources of legitimacy of such patrimonialised power may have been contradictory, images managed to accommodate these contradictions. They made new styles of ruling suitable to the claims of customs and to the communities’ self-interests
Doutre, Marilyne. "Modalités de transformation de la ville au début du XIXe siècle en Auvergne : l'édifice public et son espace urbain, pouvoirs et conflits." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082230.
Full textAfter the French Revolution, in-between the continuity of medieval urban models and the architectural urban changes in progress in the XVIIIth c. , town-councillors and architects managed to establish a new framework whose goal is to delimit the origin, development and limits of projects until the 1850's. The corpus of this study concerns the public buildings - whether departmental or municipal - and the town planning in the "chefs-lieux d'arrondissement" and in "departements". The study which includes the four "departements" of the Region of Auvergne, enables to make comparisons and to delimit areas corresponding to some programmes whose span goes beyond the administrative limits specified by the "departemental district". It also gets the measure of the influence of ancient juridictions and defines new areas - at stakes in urban conflicts. As a preliminary to the analysis of the architectural urban changes, the first part of the study is devoted to the institutional context and bounds with its various protagonists : the Ministry of the Interior, the "Conseil des bâtiments civils", "Préfets" and architects. The regulations are highly prevailing as well in the architectural aspects as in the urban ones ; the shape the way of conceiving and of intervening from the very design to the realization of the project. In the second part, the urban analysis shows the implementation, modalities and the setting up of public buildings. Thanks to epistolary documents, it aims at understanding the reasons which account for the choice of some specific site, of some architectural standpoint and to assess the urban repercussions. Lastly, the selected period is long enough to allow to appraise the evolution of the architectural work in its influence and style, taking into account what comes from the architects' studies and from the control of the project, mainly supervised by the "Conseil des bâtiments civils"
Nzongani, Edouard. "Pouvoirs et conflits fonciers à Brazzaville : analyse d'un systeme de fraudes et d'évasions foncières." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30013.
Full textFourchard, Laurent. "De la ville coloniale à la cour africaine : espaces, pouvoirs et sociétés à Ouagadougou et à Bobo-Dioulasso, Haute-Volta, fin 19ème siècle-1960 /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38892200r.
Full textTorres, Bautista Mariano E. "Projet économique régional et pouvoir national : les tribulations de l'industrialisation de Puebla : 1830-1867." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010591.
Full textThis paper makes the point into the general problems of the "take off" in the Puebla region during the first half of the XIXth century. Two phenomena must be taken in account since the late XVIIIth. Century : at first the political and cultural ties between the new Spain and the personalities and institutions of the "lumieres" period. Second the results as stimulants as regrettables of the economic growth in the new Spain in comparison with the empire's failure. When the independence finished many economical industrialization projects came ahead in puebla since 1822. At the same time that a new nation was borning the modern economy was the main item to try to eliminate all discussions in politics. This special attemt to the "take off" will be taken by the entrepreneurs aside of politics taking advantage of the "anarchy period" to grow up. Anfres Torres means a particular case which representated the new type of entrepreneur who disposed of material sources to invert in the so called "new industries" as a response of the critical situation of his time
Bellanger, Emmanuel. "Administrer la "banlieue municipale" : activité municipale, intercommunalité, pouvoir mayoral, personnel communal et tutelle préfectorale en Seine banlieue des années 1880 aux années 1950." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA083699.
Full textFrom the 1880's to the 1950's, urban France underwent a profound change in its sociodemographic and economic fabric. The Seine suburb surrounding Paris was the theater where new institutional players entered politics: the "builder" mayor, the mayor's secretary and their auxiliaries, the community officers. These urban changes were accompanied by government policies developed in collaboration with the "Préfet" of the region to provide a framework of laws for the populations. This research and the various attached contributions review three closely linked areas of enquiry: the first one concerns the formation of a social category, community personnel, the interface between the administrators and the users; the second one focuses on the methods of administration of a suburban space through the medium in particular of intercommunity cooperation; and finally, the third line of enquiry questions the relationship that this vague municipal conglomerate maintains with politics, understood here in its broadest interpretation
Debus, Kehr Monique. "Travailler, prier, se révolter : les compagnons de métier dans la société urbaine et leur relation au pouvoir : Rhin supérieur, XVe siècle /." Strasbourg : Publications de la Société savante d'Alsace, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41080824g.
Full textBibliogr. p. 404-423. Notes bibliogr. Index.
Viguier, Anne. "Les villes du pays Tamoul au XIXe siècle : espace, pouvoir et société." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0150.
Full textThis thesis focuses on urban history of Tamil Nadu during the colonial periode The aim is to show the role of culture in urban space construction and to understand how the colonial context may have changed this relation. A rich set of images shows the role played by cities in the tamil culture and history since the classical era. But the British were not aware of this inheritage. During the XIXth century, about 50 major urban centers dominated the urban framework. Each town preserved a singular identity. The colonial power penetration of urban society was superficial, even after the creation of municipalities. The thesis studies how urban plans and landscapes changed and shows how urban space was used by town-dwellers to defend their social status within the urban society. Religious and familial ritual processions were a way to define a specific cast or religious identity. During the studied period, new modes of relations with the political power were invented in towns and a great deal of traditions were preserved
Moine, Nathalie. "Le pouvoir bolchevique face au petit peuple urbain : clivages sociaux, assignation des identités et acculturation à Moscou dans les années 1930." Lyon 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO20019.
Full textChamouard, Aude. "Les maires socialistes en France dans l'entre-deux-guerres : une expérience réformiste du pouvoir ?" Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9782271076397.
Full textThe management by the socialists of a large number of villages, towns, and major cities during the inter-war years from 1919 to 1940 constitutes a seminal episode in the urban history of the Third Republic. Compared with previous experiences in local governance, the period of socialists’ control of administrative life represents a radical experiment in different aspects of municipal government with projects ranging from improvements in health care, better housing, and architectural design to educational reform and cultural program--all motivated by a compelling ideology mixed with a tough-minded pragmaticism aimed at improving the condition of the working classes. This dissertation offers a national synthesis of the impact of socialistes on local municipal administration, notably during the 1920’s and 1930’s in different cities of varying size, social structure, political traditions in separate parts of the country like Toulouse, Puteaux, Lens and Balleray to assess more reliably the nature of this urban experience orchestrated by the local socialists. These « politicians » were prominent in their communities not only for their socialist convictions and agenda, but no less for their involvement in other organizations like trade unions, free masonry, and lay organizations. As elected local administrators, they undertook far-reaching programs not to overthrow the capitalist State, but rather to transform it from within at the local level as well as in the national Parlement by the adoption of corresponding policies. While far from uniform in its practices and policies and personalities, this experiment in urban development helped transform the political landscape of France
Boucheron, Patrick. "Urbanisme, politique des grands travaux et pouvoir princier à Milan à la fin du Moyen Âge." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010622.
Full textThis thesis would like to underline the ideological coherence, the political meanings and the economical efficiency of the public works that the Visconti and the Sforza plan for their capital, Milan on the XIVth and XVth centuries. The dukes try to express their power on the city using a deliberated activity concentred on the town-planning. We bring to light the architectural aspect of the monumental policy but the artistic patronage, the constitution of the officers in charge with the urban conduct, and the impact of the ducal activities on the building economy as well. At last, we try to point out the links between the concerted town-planning and the self spatial dynamics of the economical metropole. In the same time, the aspects of a ducal power and the structures of a urban development appear to be very nearly united
Morot, Camille. "Le tiers requérant et l’altération du recours pour excès de pouvoir en droit de l’urbanisme." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10032/document.
Full textActions of annulment by third parties are undergoing various transformations, most strikingly in the field of urban planning. Perceived as prejudicial to the stability of urban planning permissions, this “deed put on trial, of public utility and nature,” was amended, mostly by legislators, towards greater security and subjectivity. Consequently, it can henceforth be described as somewhat distorted, inasmuch as the constitutive characteristics of this pillar of administrative litigation tend to fade in the face of new priorities. The closing of the access to the courtroom as well the radical evolution of the urban planning judge’s function raise questions about the enduring nature of the action of annulment in urbanism. Yet, the alteration process of the action of annulment runs into obstacles that prevent any denaturation of it. The relevance of a legal appeal, objective and open, remains unquestioned in light of the degree to which its characteristics enable to overcome the flaws of urban planning law, and the absence of alternative means to appeal the administrative ruling. Moreover, appeals in urban planning law cannot adopt any other appeal’s legal rules, which inevitably renders its own system hybridized
Awada, Fouad. "Incertitudes, rigueur et arbitraire dans la planification spatiale des grandes régions urbaines. Deux études de cas. : La reconstruction du grand Beyrouth et l'aménagement de l'Ile-de-France." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENPC9102.
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