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1
Tucciarone, Joey. "Economic Insecurity, Poverty, and Parental Alcohol Misuse." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3963.
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Because parental alcohol misuse is associated with numerous negative outcomes for drinkers and other family members, it is important to examine factors predictive of alcohol misuse patterns among parents living with at least one child under the age of 18. Two possible factors include economic insecurity and poverty. This study sought to address whether measures of economic insecurity (i.e., housing and/or food insecurity in the past 12 months) and a dichotomous measure of poverty predict parental binge drinking and parental heavy alcohol consumption in a large population-based sample. It was hypothesized that economic insecurity and poverty, analyzed separately, would predict both occurrence of parental alcohol misuse and amount of alcohol consumed. Results did not support hypotheses; rather, where significant, they indicated that measures of economic insecurity and poverty negatively predicted parental alcohol misuse. However, effect sizes were small and preclude practical application. Findings are discussed and future research directions are identified.
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McGuire, Marissa. "Poverty, food insecurity and overweightobesity in the Canadian population." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27890.
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This study, based on the Canadian Community Health Survey (2004), examined the relationship between food insecurity and overweight/obesity among Canadian adults by sex and family type using logistic regression analysis; we also provided an environmental scan of policies, programs and initiatives to address food insecurity.
In our final adjusted models, food insecure women with hunger were significantly more likely to be overweight/obese than food secure women [OR=2.3, CI=1.2, 4.3]. Our environmental scan revealed broad recognition of the importance of addressing food insecurity and concrete recommendations to do so. We found far less recognition of the implications of food insecurity for healthy weights within a policy context.
The food insecurity/overweight/obesity relationship and its policy implications are complex; we need a better understanding of how underlying social and economic conditions, sex, and family type relate to income, food security and healthy weights.
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Treiber, Victor Oviedo. "Rural poverty, vulnerability and food insecurity : the case of Bolivia." Bachelor's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7126/.
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Bolivia is one of the poorest countries in Latin America. This study analyzes whether rural poverty increases the incidence of food insecurity and whether food insecurity perpetuates the condition of poverty among the rural poor in Bolivia. In order to achieve this aim, the risks that households face and the capacity of households to implement coping strategies in order to mitigate vulnerability shocks are identified. We suggest that efforts by households to become food secure may be difficult in rural areas because of poverty and the vulnerability associated with a lack of physical assets, low levels of human capital, poor infrastructure, and poor health; as well as the precarious regional environment aggravating the severity of vulnerability to food insecurity.
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Walls, Tameka Ivory. "Poverty, Food Insecurity, and Obesity Among Urban and Rural Populations." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3215.
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Over 17 million food-insecure households are associated with increasing obesity rates across the United States. Although food insecurity and obesity are distinct social concerns, the two are linked and may be influenced by poverty and geographic location. Public health authorities and state leaders responsible for the health and nutrition of rural populations in particular would benefit from this information. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to examine whether poverty mediated the relationship between food insecurity and obesity among urban and rural adults. The study was guided by the poverty, food insecurity, and obesity conceptual framework. The study addressed the association between poverty and food insecurity, poverty and obesity, and food insecurity and obesity. Records from 9068 participants in the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were weighted to represent the population of Louisiana. Logistic regression models indicated that individuals living in poverty were 6 times more likely to experience food insecurity and that living in poverty and being food insecure doubled the odds of being obese. Poverty mediates the relationship between food insecurity and obesity in a dynamic and complex manner. Findings also indicated gender and age differences in rates of obesity, poverty, and food insecurity, as well as higher rates of obesity in rural populations. Social change implications include providing additional evidence of how poverty affects food insecurity and obesity, which may encourage states with high poverty rates to initiate food insecurity surveillance using BRFSS to reduce obesity.
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Tayie, Francis Ayisi Kwame Zizza Claire Ann. "Associations between adult food insecurity and various nutritional outcomes." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Nutrition_and_Food_Science/Dissertation/Tayie_Francis_29.pdf.
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Rivera-Marquez, Jose Alberto. "Malnutrition, food insecurity and poverty in older persons from Mexico City." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2006. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/1343271/.
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The relationship between malnutrition, food insecurity, and poverty in older persons from urban Latin America has, to date, received relatively little attention. This thesis aims to address this important issue in the setting of Mexico City and its Metropolitan Zone. A theoretical framework has been developed to understand the causal linkages between the determinants of malnutrition, food insecurity and poverty, and current data are then used to describe how this public health concern manifests itself in urban Latin American contexts. This is followed by a discussion of recent social policy interventions aimed at improving nutrition, access to food and well-being in older people in Latin America. The quantitative part of the thesis presents a study which assessed indicators of nutritional status, food security, health, quality of life and living conditions among 1,263 households with residents aged 70 and over from sociogeographically- defined poor areas of Mexico City and its Metropolitan Zone. The literature suggests that a regular source of economic resources is important to ensure food security during old age; thus the impact of an ongoing old-age monetary-transfer programme on nutrition-related indicators, food security and poverty was assessed at the levels of both older persons and households. This was carried out through a quasi-experimental study using an ex-post comparison of intervention and control groups with no baseline measures. Overall, results suggest differential access to food, quality of life and living conditions according to socioeconomic stratum among older persons and their household contexts. Differences in dietary diversity and food insecurity among older persons were also found, when data were disaggregated by monetarytransfer eligibility status. The old-age intervention analysed in this thesis showed little impact on access to food and other indicators of well-being at household level. There was, however, a high prevalence of people being overweight and obese among the older population under study. Given that this thesis is the first approach to food insecurity ever carried out among urban older populations in Mexico and Latin America, the conclusions emphasise the magnitude of uncertain access to food during old age, and they suggest guidelines for policy makers at different levels of government, stimulating further research on issues related to old age in the region.
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Sansa, Godfrey. "The impact of institutional reforms on poverty and inequality in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528126.
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Poverty is a historical development curse in Tanzania, which has incited extensive institutional reforms and policy changes and received numerous analyses in development research literature. Paradoxically, taking actions to study and alleviate poverty have increased with its continuing severity. A substantial body of research on poverty in the country suggests that, the vast majority of these studies focus on the content rather than the context of poverty alleviation processes. Specifically, the focus has been on: ideas, interests and struggles for resources between political leaders and bureaucrats believed to be taking place at the expense of the poor; ill-informed and unrealistic development policies and strategies; anti-development behaviour and tendencies of the peasants and their alleged conservatism and resistance to modernity, and weak incentive structures of the economy. There is little focus on the character and dynamics of the (historical) institutional context in which these economic conditions, struggles and policy initiatives emerge and take place. Motivated by the disappointing results of anti-poverty initiatives and weaknesses of previous studies, this study uses historical institutional impact analysis guided by institutionalist theory to analyse the problem. The central argument is that the existence and functioning character of institutions are necessary conditions for any human development activity. So, acceptance of the crucial importance of historically oriented institutional context analysis in understanding poverty alleviation initiatives and outcomes is imperative. The study draws on primary and secondary data collected through documentary review and interview methods to explain the ways in which institutional reforms result in an institutional order tolerant of poverty and which create conditions that perpetuate it. It does this by exploring the mode of historical institutional development and by examining the functioning character of the institutional order in respect of poverty alleviation. The study argues that achieving success in poverty alleviation related reforms is dependent on proper understanding of institutional realities of Tanzanian society and the functioning character of the existing institutional order. It proposes a reform process in which institutional legacies and their impact on society become the focus of the reform process itself. The findings indicate that, while reforms and policy changes have taken place and new patterns of behaviour introduced, the logics of institutions central to development and poverty alleviation have not, been fundamentally altered and new patterns of behaviour have simply perpetuated it. Specifically, the findings suggest: first, that institutional reforms pursued by the government are inadequate due to misconception of institutional problems of Tanzanian society; second, that the reforms have created new conditions which perpetuate poverty; and, third, that fundamental character of the functioning of the Tanzanian institutional order will need to change before such anti-poverty measures can hope to succeed. Thus, the study offers a correction to ill-informed poverty analysis by providing an alternative account of the root cause of poverty while insisting that a better understanding of the failure of poverty alleviation requires a strong focus on the historical institutional realties of the country.
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Barton, Alisha N. "Volunteers for a Food Secure Community: Perceptions of Food Insecurity and Motivation of Volunteers." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1606988316842237.
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Chileshe, Mutale. "Economic shocks, poverty and household food insecurity in urban Zambia: an ethnographic account of Chingola." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13215.
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Includes bibliographical references.Research on poverty and food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa has tended to focus on rural households and urban areas known to have concentrations of low-income households. However, consequences and effects of the recent global economic crisis such as retrenchment coupled with increasing food and fuel prices have played a major role in generating many newly poor households. The economic crisis came at a time when most developing countries were still struggling with impoverishment mainly caused by Structural Adjustment Programs (SAP). SAPs laid bare the acute vulnerability of the urban dwellers to the slightest addition al shock such as economic shocks or high food prices. In view of these effects, this study was conducted in Chingola in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia to examine the impact of economic shocks on the food security of middle class households in urban areas. Focusing on one aspect of the economic shock (retrenchments), the thesis shows how once middle class households in Chingola perceived, experienced and grappled with retrenchment in the context of increasing urban poverty and high food prices. The central thesis is that due to the rising pattern of urban risk, it is not only the rural or structural urban poor that are vulnerable to food insecurity but middle class urban households too. The study employed a mixed-method approach, which took place in two main sequential data collection phases - the quantitative component served as a basis for the sampling of cases for the qualitative component. The findings revealed that food security of the retrenched households was compromised by the economic crisis with approximately 7.4 % food secure, 4.2% mildly food insecure, 19 .1 % moderately food insecure and 69 .3 % severely food insecure. A compounding factor was that there were insufficient social protection services by government and NGOs to assist households to increase resilience to food insecurity. To survive, households employed close to thirty different strategies and tactics such as letting their houses, limiting their consumption and engaging in lucrative but unlawful activities - illegal mining, prostitution and theft. In light of these findings, the study makes a contribution to urban development and specifically to the emerging field of urban food security as it departs from the more traditional focus on the ‘old poor’ by giving specific attention to previously middle income households’ food security in the context of widespread economic shocks within the formal economy. Furthermore, it contributes to the debate on retrenchment literature by providing new information, for example, on how urban dwellers deal with shocks and the mechanisms used to help them survive in a globalised environment. Lastly, the study contributes to literature on the livelihoods of Copperbelt residents as very few scholars have explored the lives of the residents since the implementation of SAPs and the subsequent economic decline in the area.
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Piaseu, Noppawan. "Food insecurity and health among low income families living in crowded urban areas in Thailand /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7290.
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Montvilaite, Gabija. "Phnom Penh – Towards Comprehensive Resettlement Planning : Post-resettlement Land Transaction and Tenure Insecurity." Thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147385.
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Cambodia is a country undergoing a major urbanization. The capital - Phnom Penh is growing rapidly, with numerous development projects. The city also has a large proportion of informal low-income settlers, squatting on private or public land.It is unavoidable that in this context many land related conflicts occur. The conflicts are most commonly solved through resettlement of the informal dwellers by allocating a land plot in one of relocation sites in the outskirts of Phnom Penh. However, many of the resettled families choose or are forced to sell their rights to the land. This thesis will explore the post-resettlement land transactions and tenure insecurity in PhnomPenh. Using a field study focused on one of the resettlement sites as a base, it will look into the reasons behind the emergence of the post resettlement land transactions, their mechanisms and subsequent displacement. The information obtained through interviews and surveys will point out the weaknesses in the current resettlement practice. The findings of this thesis will be used to make recommendations, which should be applied in the process of developing a comprehensive resettlement and poverty alleviation plan for Phnom Penh.
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Pote, Charity. "Exploring the experiences and challenges of food insecurity in child-headed households in Ingwavuma: A bio-ecological perspective." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7053.
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Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS)Child-headed households (CHHs) are a recent development that has become progressively noticeable not only in South Africa but also internationally. This phenomenon arose as a result of the death of parents or abandonment of children by their primary caregivers. The Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has taken away the lives particularly of many adults, leaving children orphaned and having to take on the adults’ responsibilities. In the past, relatives or the extended family would take the responsibility of caring and providing for orphaned children but, with current economic hardships, most families are unable to take the extra responsibility. As a result, older siblings become caregivers to their younger siblings. Unfortunately, when parents die, children often lose access to adequate food, social grants, education and health services. Despite the fact that it is the right of all South Africans, including children, to have access to sufficient food, many households, including CHHs, are living in poverty. As a result, they are vulnerable to food insecurity, leading to developmental, social and emotional challenges. The aim of the present study was to explore and describe the experiences, challenges and coping strategies of CHHs with food insecurity in Ingwavuma, from a bio-ecological perspective. Ingwavuma is a small rural town in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The study makes recommendations for social work projects, education and future research regarding CHHs’ experiences of food insecurity. This is a qualitative study that utilised an explorative-descriptive methodological approach. Purposive sampling was used to select 20 children between the ages of 13 and 18 years old from CHHs in Ingwavuma. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants at their homes in the town.
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Chileshe, Mutale. "Tuberculosis, HIV, food insecurity, and poverty in rural Zambia : an ethnographic account of the Southern province." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10192.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-184).The thesis is based on fieldwork conducted in Pemba/Batoka in the Southern part of Zambia between September 2006 and July 2007. The core approach of fieldwork was case studies of nine people (four women and five men) who were suffering from TB, and their households; and a comparative sample of seven households that did not have a TB patient. The participatory methods included time lines, seasonal calendars, observation and semi-structured interviews. The main aim of all methods was to find out how the nine TB patients experienced life in a wider social context, the problems they faced within their households in terms of food security and accessing both TB and HIV treatment.
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Towns, Tangela. "Predictors of Food Insecurity in 3 Central Florida Communities." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5876.
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This study examined the association between different socio-demographic factors and food insecurity in the Central Florida Communities of Maitland, Winter Park, and Eatonville. Data from the Institute for Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Central Florida were utilized to analyze 3 main questions: In which community is food insecurity more prevalent? To what extent are food consumption, transportation, poverty, and unemployment associated with food insecurity? Does the association between food consumption, transportation, poverty, unemployment, and food insecurity remain when controlling for self-reported overall health, education, marital status, and race. The results revealed differences in predictors of food insecurities. Particularly, there was a positive relationship between food consumption and the knowledge of recommended number of servings of fruits and vegetables suggesting that those who have nutritional knowledge practice healthy dietary behaviors. Furthermore, structural dysfunctions and affordability pose food consumption limitations on the communities studied (mainly Eatonville).Ph.D.
Doctorate
Sociology
Sciences
Sociology
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Bennett, Robert Michael Jr. "Enhancing Our Understanding of Human Poverty: An Examination of the Relationship Between Income Poverty and Material Hardship." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1499951912807792.
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Klugesherz, Miranda Blaise. "“Four years of ramen and poverty:” using participatory research to examine food insecurity among college students at Kansas State University." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35547.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of Communications Studies
Timothy J. Shaffer
Defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as “limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods,” food insecurity is a symptom of systematic disempowerment and represents one of the most prevalent social ailments to impact first-world countries. In a county where one in eight individuals does not have regular access to meals, food insecurity is far from a problem typically associated with college students. However, Feeding America, the largest emergency food assistance network in the nation, reports that one out of every ten people they serve is a student. In total, half of all students will find themselves unable to afford to eat at least once within their academic career; consequently, 1 in 4 will drop out. This thesis argues that the voices and narratives of food insecure students have been absent from the very research meant to represent them. Consequently, little is known of the situational nuances that accompany student hunger, reifying the dominant discursive structure. This research employs Photovoice, a participant-led methodology which invites members of marginalized groups to photograph places, things, and events representative of, or crucial to, their daily life. This study examines the narratives of seven college students, ranging from their first-year to PhD status, in an effort to fill the gap in the knowledge regarding student hunger and food insecurity. This research found that students who experience food insecurity engage in self-blaming practices and, thus, do not believe they have the right to be hungry or ask for help. Instead, food-insecure students employ several strategies, including face negotiation and disclosure, to minimize the severity of their situation and mitigate tensions between their health, finances, and convenience. This study concludes with a discussion of implications, limitations and areas for future research.
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Mackey, Mallory. "The Changing Geography of Poverty in the U.S. and Its Effect on Food Insecurity: A Closer Look at the Real “O.C.”." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/955.
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Food insecurity is on the rise throughout the United States. Today more than 11.6% of American household’s face food insecurity. Many of these food insecure households reside in the suburbs. Despite these rising rates of food insecurity, the issue of suburban food insecurity has largely gone unnoticed. In this paper, I use Orange County as a case study to investigate how the rise of poverty in the suburbs relates to the issue of suburban food insecurity. Some questions this paper addresses are: What are the driving forces of poverty in the suburbs? What barriers to food security do suburban residents face and how are they different from urban areas? And lastly, what are the next steps to solving suburban food insecurity?
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Ncube, Greater. "Case study of collective action of women in response to water and food insecurity in the Ehlanzeni district municipality, Mpumalanga province." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4257.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe historical patterns of access to water and other areas of public service delivery in South Africa predominantly favoured the white minority. There was inadequate distribution of water where townships and rural areas bore the brunt of the apartheid administration. Women are disadvantaged within the household and carry the burden of providing water for their families. This is particularly true in a water stressed environment, such as the Ehlanzeni District Municipality in Mpumalanga. This study considered the practical application of the Capability Approach and its key idea of human well-being. In particular, the idea of the Capability Approach that social arrangements should aim to expand people‟s capabilities and their freedom to promote or achieve what they value doing or being was considered. Sen‟s ideas were assessed and the study considered how these ideas help understand collective action and strategies adopted by women to cope in the face of water stress and poverty. The thesis examined how community involvement, in particular women‟s involvement in a group called Vukani, impacts on water related issues and helps them to cope with external stressors. The study also considered the links between group belonging and capabilities. The findings suggest that group belonging cultivates a unique set of capabilities such as hope and empowerment. Due to group belonging and the capabilities attained through collective action, Vukani was able to develop adaptive strategies through innovation, partnerships and knowledge sharing.
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Mahapa, Sekei Frederica. "Rural women, food insecurity and survival strategies the Babina-Chuene Wome's Multi-purpose Project in Bochum (Northern Province) /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02242006-152042/.
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Schwab, Lauren M. "Food Insecurity from the Providers' Perspective." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1368021811.
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Nyabvudzi, Tatenda Gaudencia. "Assessing the role of social transfers in curbing household food insecurity in Harare rural district, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1939.
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One of the major problems obstructing international development is the issue of food security. Solutions for this global concern have not yet been found. This research sought to explore the role of social transfers in curbing household food insecurity. Social transfers are regular services or donations which are offered by the government or/and other institutions such as non-governmental organisations to vulnerable households. This exploratory study administered structured interviews, incorporating the Household Hunger Scale, Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning indicator and self designed questions soliciting general household information, to Harare rural residents. The population was divided into clusters and a simple random sampling was used to select three clusters, Mufakose, Glen Norah and Warren Park, thereafter, systematic random sampling was employed within selected clusters.
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Lamidi, Esther O. Lamidi. "Rethinking Poverty in Nigeria: The Demographics and Health of Households with Threatened Livelihoods." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1466442767.
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Mykerezi, Elton. "Three Essays on the Well-Being of Vulnerable Populations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38827.
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This dissertation is composed of three essays that measure the impact of social programs and policies on the well being of their target populations. The first essay entitled "The Wage Impact of Historically Black College and University Attendance" examines the impact of attending a Historically Black College or University on the wages of Blacks attending HBCUs versus other four year colleges or universities using a sample of Blacks from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979). The study finds no initial advantage to HBCU attendance for black men, but a 1.4 to 1.6 percentage point higher growth rate in subsequent wages is associated with the attendance of an HBCU as opposed to other four year colleges. This faster growth rate translates in a net discounted HBCU earnings gain of 8.9 to 9.6 percent over a 16 year period following college attendance. The study finds no advantage or disadvantage to HBCU attendance for Black females.
The second essay entitled "Transient and Chronic Poverty in the US: The Role of the Food Stamp Program" examines the unique and common determinants of short-term intra-annual transient poverty and chronic poverty, as well as the differential response of each state of poverty to Food Stamp Program (FSP) use. The study employs dynamic expenditure-based poverty measures using quarterly data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (2001-2004). The major finding is that FSP use reduces transient poverty, but the study finds no significant impact of FSP use on chronic poverty. The common causes of both states of poverty are low human capital, minority status and involuntary unemployment of the household head. Changes in family composition during the year is only associated with higher transient poverty.
The third essay entitled "Food Insecurity and the Food Stamp Program" examines the determinants of food insecurity in the US, as well as its response to Food Stamp Program use with data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1995-1999). The study finds that FSP use reduces household food insecurity, and that the program impact is greater for households that experience more severe insecurity. In addition the study finds that higher risk tolerance as well as a preference for smoking cigarettes increase household food insecurity.Ph. D.
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Wollard, Kimberly Ann. "Exploring the Relationship of Healthy Lifestyle Characteristics with Food Behaviors of Low-Income, Food Insecure Women in the United States (US)." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6439.
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Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) self-reported surveys from 2007-2012, this research explored the relationship between four healthy lifestyle characteristics - healthy weight, adequate daily fruit and vegetable intake, regular moderate to vigorous physical activity and not smoking - with food behaviors of low-income, food insecure women. The study examined three specific food behaviors (the use of SNAP, consumption of fast foods, and the utilization of community emergency food programs) to determine if these behaviors had a significant impact on low-income, food insecure women to follow healthy lifestyle characteristics. A secondary data analysis was conducted using binary logistic regression for the analysis. The study sample included low-income, food insecure women ages 18 and above. Once missing data were removed, the total sample size was 589. Results of this study indicate there are no significant relationships between adherence to two or more of the four healthy lifestyle characteristics with: (1) the use of SNAP, (2) the consumption of fast foods or (3) the utilization of community emergency food programs. This study illustrates the importance of understanding the food behaviors of low-income, food insecure woman in order to aid in the prevention of diseases caused by obesity. Although the research results from this study were not significant, it was clearly demonstrated that most Americans do not adhere to the four healthy lifestyle characteristics. The implications of this research enable social workers and other health professionals to understand how food behaviors may be a key factor in reducing or eliminating food insecurity and obesity of low-income, food insecure women in the US.
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Arriola, Nora Brickhouse. "Food Insecurity and Hunger Experiences and their Impact on Food Pantry Clients in the Tampa Bay." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5446.
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Since 1999, there has been a significant increase in the number of food insecure individuals in the United States. The Great Recession (2007-2009) and slow economic recovery has led to additional increases in rates of food insecurity and the usage of emergency food assistance programs. Thirty qualitative interviews with individuals seeking emergency food assistance at a Tampa Bay food pantry were conducted. Interviews focused on collecting the life experiences of participants, the barriers they face in having food security, their strategies to cope with limited food budgets, and how food insecurity impacts their household's overall health and wellbeing. Recommendations for fulfilling the immediate need for food as well as addressing the larger issues that lead to and perpetuate food insecurity and hunger are presented in this paper. In collaboration with the food pantry, a booklet presenting personal experiences of hunger alongside broad institutional forces affecting food insecurity was disseminated in the community in hopes of increasing awareness of and support for combating this important social issue.
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Mahmood, Tahir [Verfasser], Xiaohua [Akademischer Betreuer] Yu, Stephan [Gutachter] Klasen, and Sebastian [Gutachter] Vollmer. "Essays on Comparing Poverty Measures, Gender Differences in Subjective Well-being, Food Insecurity and Malnutrition in Pakistan : Do the Poor really Feel Poor? Comparing Objective Poverty with Subjective Poverty in Pakistan / Tahir Mahmood ; Gutachter: Stephan Klasen, Sebastian Vollmer ; Betreuer: Xiaohua Yu." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164231189/34.
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Mahmood, Tahir Verfasser], Xiaohua [Akademischer Betreuer] [Yu, Stephan [Gutachter] Klasen, and Sebastian [Gutachter] Vollmer. "Essays on Comparing Poverty Measures, Gender Differences in Subjective Well-being, Food Insecurity and Malnutrition in Pakistan : Do the Poor really Feel Poor? Comparing Objective Poverty with Subjective Poverty in Pakistan / Tahir Mahmood ; Gutachter: Stephan Klasen, Sebastian Vollmer ; Betreuer: Xiaohua Yu." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E476-A-8.
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Ndzelen, Maria Goretti Diane. "The impact of drought on household food security : a case study of Northern Tanzania." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4986.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)With changes in climatic conditions being increasingly noticed around the world in the past 2 decades, drought has been identified as one of the main causes of food insecurity. Given the inseparable nature of food security and poverty, it has been impossible for Africa to attain the poverty reduction Millennium Development Goal as most of the continent still suffers food insecurity. Impacts of the drought described as one of the worst droughts which occurred in West an East Africa between 2009-2011, are still felt in some parts of Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti and parts of Northern Tanzania close to Kenya. With almost 70% of sub- Saharan Africa’s population involved in agriculture, the occurrence of drought not only causes failure in food production but also negatively impacts food security and increases poverty. Understanding the impacts of drought on household food security is important for reducing household’s risk of poverty. Following this the study proposes policies for reducing the impact of drought on food security and other policies that can ensure complete eradication of food insecurity.
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Amador, Edgar Allan. "Can Anyone with Low Income Be Food Secure?: Mitigating Food Insecurity among Low Income Households with Children in the Tampa Bay Area." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5170.
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In the US over the last few years, approximately 14.5% of households experience food insecurity at some point throughout the year. While studies on food insecurity in the US have determined that household income and specifically income available to spend on food is of critical importance to food security, it is still unclear why some households with low income are able to maintain food security while others experience food insecurity in a pattern characterized as not constant but recurrent. This dissertation compares households with children at different levels of food security and insecurity using the USDA Core Food Security Module (CFSM) and an ethnographically informed analysis of coping in order to understand the differences between at-risk households in order to determine why some fall into more severe food insecurity while other manage to avoid it. Data on food security, demographics, use of food assistance programs, shared cultural models for food, food shopping behavior, food consumption, and measures of depression and anxiety were collected from 207 households. Households at or below 185% of poverty line (n=106) were grouped by food security status--food secure (FS), low food security (LFS), and very low food security (VLFS)--into three groups. The remaining households (n=101) were used as an out-group for comparison. The results revealed that for low income households (below 185% of poverty line) income was not a significant factor for many of the comparisons between FS and LFS or VLFS households. Instead, other variables such as higher stress index score (PSS), younger age of respondent or food procurer, and the presence of a spouse or partner were more important predictors of food insecurity. Households used safety net resources to cope with food insecurity, though as predicted by the literature these resources where used to mitigate food insecurity as opposed to buffer against it. Finally, there were large and significant differences between the three groups in the amount of stress (PSS) and depression (HSCL-10) symptoms measured in the respondents, affirming the relationship between food insecurity and stress that has been documented in the literature. The study concludes by recommending that future research explore the way in which food insecurity and stress affect household relationships because (1) living with a spouse or partner predicted food insecurity in this sample of at-risk low income households and (2) there was some evidence that male food procurers experience more stress than female food procurers.
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Hazen, Crystal L. "Food Security and Produce Intakes and Behaviors of Impoverished Women with Children Living in Appalachian Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1236892695.
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Wynn, Colleen E. "Not Quite Out on the Streets: Examining Protective and Risk Factors for Housing Insecurity among Low-Income Urban Fathers." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1258.
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It has long been acknowledged that housing is essential for access to employment, social services, healthcare, and other forms of assistance that help move people out of poverty. Through identifying dimensions of housing insecurity, policymakers, as well as researchers, will have a better understanding of the protective factors that make families more secure and the risk factors that raise their level of insecurity. These analyses use resident and non-resident, low-income, urban fathers’ responses to the five publicly available waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing (n = 4378) dataset to examine the relationship between protective and risk factors and housing insecurity. As access to protective factors increases, fathers’ risk of housing semi-insecurity and insecurity decreases, and as fathers are more exposed to risk factors, both their housing semi-insecurity and insecurity risks increase.
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Sanneh, Patrick Sarjo. "A study of food insecurity and rural development in the Gambia : the impact of rural weekly markets (Lumos)." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2220.
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Estrella-Jones, Sasha F. "Food for All: A Study of the Inclusivity of the Athens Local Food Movement." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1493335413638358.
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Izambert, Caroline. "Soigner les étrangers ? L’État et les associations pour la couverture maladie des pauvres et des étrangers en France des années 1980 à nos jours." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH127.
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Ce travail ambitionne de comprendre comment ont évolué les dispositifs qui permettent en france aux personnes de nationalité étrangère d'accéder à la prévention et aux soins en ville et à l'hôpital. nous nous demanderons comment et pourquoi sur une période longue un etat permet ou au contraire empêche l'accès d'une population majoritairement plus pauvre que la population générale, les étrangers, à un bien supérieur, la santé.l'objectif est de rendre compte du mouvement apparemment paradoxal que l'on observe depuis près d'une trentaine d'années : d'une part, des politiques migratoires de plus en plus restrictives et répressives, de l'autre, la santé devenue 'un des derniers refuges du droit' (didier fassin) pour les étrangers. cette période a été marquée par des évolutions législatives majeures, qui scanderont notre travail, notamment la mise en place de l'aide médicale d'etat et du droit au séjour pour soins en 1999. nous nous intéresserons aux acteurs étatiques, et en premier lieu, au ministère de la santé mais également à la sécurité sociale et aux associations qui ont joué un rôle double : elles ont mené un intense travail de plaidoyer pour le maintien et le perfectionnement des dispositifs d'accès aux soins et se sont vues délégués une partie de la dispense de soins auprès des populations étrangères. l'accès aux archives officielles étant limité du fait du caractère très contemporain du sujet, nous nous appuierons sur les fonds détenus par les organismes et les personnes privés ainsi que sur la constitution d'archives orales. s'il s'agit d'un travail d'histoire, nous intégrerons des données ethnographiques recueillies lors d'enquêtes de terrainIn France, the healthcare costs of undocumented foreign nationals are covered by a specific welfare benefitcalled State Medical Aid (Aide médicale d’État). This benefit was created in 2000, as part of the law onUniversal Medical Insurance (Couverture médicale universelle) which enables French nationals andundocumented foreign nationals to benefit from the state health insurance scheme (Assurance maladie) as longas they are resident in France. This thesis explores the origins of a measure created exclusively for people whosepresence on French territory is judged illegal and the impact of the existence of this particular healthcarecoverage.The approach brings together a history of public policy and an ethnography of care settings and reception centresfor undocumented foreign nationals.Part One retraces the stages involved in opening up access to the state health insurance scheme from the mid-1980s onwards. It focuses on the way in which a distinction progressively emerged between the public healthissue of undocumented people accessing healthcare, and that of poor people accessing healthcare. The role ofhumanitarian associations, notably Doctors without Borders and Doctors of the World, who opened freehealthcare centres in France from 1986 onwards, is underscored, as are their links with movements defending therights of foreigners. These processes are located within a longer history of debates about access to welfare forthe poorest going back to the nineteenth century, and the subordination of social policy to the objectives ofcontrolling migratory flows.Part Two, based on research carried out in a hospital and in a health rights organization, analyses theconsequences of the introduction of immigration administrative categories into the healthcare system as well asthe emergence of a degraded form of social citizenship for people living illegally in France
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Bitto, Ella Annette. "Poverty and food insecurity in rural Iowa : an examination of four food desert counties /." 2005.
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Coleman-Jensen, Alisha J. McLaughlin Diane K. "Time poverty, work characteristics and the transition to food insecurity among low-income households." 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4329/index.html.
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Kirkpatrick, Sharon. "Household Food Insecurity in Canada: An Examination of Nutrition Implications and Factors Associated with Vulnerability." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/11220.
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Household food insecurity, defined as "the inability to acquire or consume an adequate diet quality or sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways, or the uncertainty that one will be able to do so”, affected almost one in ten Canadian households in 2004. Responses have been dominated by community-based food initiatives with little attention paid to potential policy directions to alleviate this problem. The lack of impetus for policy responses may stem from the paucity of evidence documenting the nutrition implications of household food insecurity. Further, the development of policy interventions is hindered by a lack of understanding of the factors that influence vulnerability to food insecurity. This thesis comprises three studies aimed at providing stimulus and directions for policy responses to household food insecurity in Canada. The first study, an analysis of data from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, documents poorer dietary intakes and heightened risk of nutrient inadequacies among adults and adolescents in food-insecure households, providing evidence of the public health implications and public policy relevance of household food insecurity. The second and third studies are examinations of household-level factors associated with vulnerability to household food insecurity. Analysis of data from the 2001 Survey of Household Spending demonstrates the relevance of housing costs to household food access. Among lower-income households, as the proportion of income allocated to housing costs increased, the adequacy of household food spending declined significantly. Receipt of a housing subsidy was associated with an improvement in food spending but mean food spending adequacy fell below the cost of a basic nutritious diet even among subsidized households. The final study comprises a cross-sectional survey of 464 low-income Toronto families, two-thirds of whom were food insecure over the preceding 12 months. Analysis of predictors of severe food insecurity highlights the centrality of income and housing costs and raises serious questions about current definitions of housing affordability and the adequacy of current housing subsidy levels. This work provides a public health imperative for action and points to the urgent need for social policy reform to ameliorate problems of household food insecurity in Canada.
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Loopstra, Rachel Cornelia. "Household Food Insecurity in Canada: Towards an Understanding of Effective Interventions." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/65683.
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Over 12% of households were food insecure in Canada in 2011. Despite recognition of this problem, there remains no targeted public policy to address it. To inform interventions, examined in this thesis were how changes in financial resources related to changes in severity of food insecurity, the needs of food insecure households, and the effectiveness of current interventions. Studies 1, 2, 4, and 5 utilized data from a sample of 485 low income families living in high poverty neighbourhoods in Toronto, and Study 3 used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2009-2011. In Study 1, the sensitivity of severity of food insecurity to changes in employment and income was observed. In Study 2, it was found that severity of food insecurity was associated with increasing probability of experiencing hardships in other domains such as delayed bill payments and giving up household services. The relationship between food insecurity and obesity among women was examined in Study 3, and it was shown that diagnoses of mood disorder partially explained the association. Patterns of association also varied by family status and severity of experiences. In Studies 4 and 5, use and non-use of current interventions focused on alleviating hunger (i.e. food banks) and improving healthy food access in communities (i.e. community gardens, Good Food Box) were examined among food insecure families. There was a low prevalence of use of all types of programs. Programs were not used because programs were not accessible or were not viewed as appropriate supports to meet needs. Taken together, findings suggest that interventions focused on potential manifestations and consequences of food insecurity are misplaced, and reinforce the urgent need for interventions to alleviate the financial insufficiency and insecurity that underpins food insecurity.
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Mahmood, Tahir. "Essays on Comparing Poverty Measures, Gender Differences in Subjective Well-being, Food Insecurity and Malnutrition in Pakistan." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E476-A.
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Morvaridi, Behrooz. "New Philanthropy and Social Justice." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/8498.
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NoOver the last two decades individual capitalists and private corporations have become increasingly involved in philanthropy, often through foundations targeted at helping to reduce social problems associated with poverty, disease and food insecurity. This book questions the political and ideological reasons behind rich individuals and large companies choosing to engage in poverty reduction through philanthropy.
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Carlson, Eleanor Anne. "You eat what you are: constructions of poverty and responses to hunger." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3046.
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Canadian social scientist researchers have frequently pointed out the necessity of understanding food banks and the conceptualization of food insecurity as political in relation to the institutionalization of food banks and their collective interaction with federal, provincial, and corporate bodies. However, a comprehensive understanding of this role must additionally engage with discursive practices at the community level. Food banks, as the source to which hundreds of thousands of Canadians turn each month to receive temporary relief from hunger, offer a wealth of information in this regard.
Through a discourse analysis of documentation produced and collected by a prominent British Columbia food bank, this research investigates how discourses, images, and constructions of poverty and food insecurity influence and are influenced by the policies and practices of providing food relief. Overall, 1391 documents were analyzed, totaling 3285 pages covering the time period from 1989 up to 2008. This thesis concludes that although various understandings of food insecurity exist within the food bank documents, certain understandings are more commonly produced, specifically in the external documentation, as well as in food bank policies and procedures. Commonly produced understandings included an individualized conceptualization of food insecurity and of those who are food insecure and discourses of differential deservedness among food bank users. Policies and procedures included a malleability of food distribution eligibility and a utilitarian guide to the framework of food bank operations. I argue that the reproduction of these discourses, along with the implementation of these particular policies and procedures within the food bank, are key processes through which the possibility of a conceptualization of food insecurity as political is diminished at the individual and community level.
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Nyakurimwa, Marvis. "Analysis of the local understanding of food insecurity and the socio-economic causes of food insecurity in Ward three of the Jozini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8457.
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Although food insecurity is a major problem in South African society, there is limited community level information on what constitutes it and related causative socio-economic factors. This study fills this information gap by analysing food insecurity in Ward 3 of Jozini Local Municipality in uMkhanyakude district in KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. Specifically, the study explored the local understanding of food security and its socio-economic causes. A qualitative study was conducted using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques through a four-day workshop, supplemented with stakeholder interviews. The techniques used were historical timeline, seasonal calendar, focus group discussions, transect walk, problem tree analysis, social and resource mapping and semi-structured interviews. A four-day workshop was conducted with 44 participants that included traditional leadership, adult men and women, and young members of the community.
The people of Ward 3 of Jozini Municipality regarded food insecurity as hunger that resulted in many socio-economic effects such as collapse of household unity and stability that enhanced erosion of dignity among household members. Hunger was commonly associated with “not eating enough”. Other effects of hunger included household heads, especially men resorting to alcohol and drug abuse as a way of escaping from indignity. The youth were said to be involved in crime, prostitution and alcohol abuse. As result of hunger, sick people defaulted from taking treatment against tuberculosis and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Indicators of food secure households were access to funds, ownership of cattle, possession of arable land and access to water. Very irregular emissions of smoke from kitchens of food insecure households indicated that they had nothing to cook and eat. The people of Ward 3, Jozini revealed the choices made in the context of limited income to buy food. The choices included migration to urban areas in search of employment, women resorting to sex work, livelihoods activities such as gardening and craftwork. In the absence of an adult, many child headed households were said to be food insecure.
The socio-economic factors causing food insecurity were poverty, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and AIDS pandemic, unemployment, illiteracy, low household food production, limited access to resources such as water and land. The HIV and AIDS pandemic exacerbated food insecurity at household level. Furthermore, poverty forced women into sex work which places them at high risk of contracting HIV and spreading it to
their multiple partners. In addition, as a coping mechanism men committed crime such as poaching of animals from game reserves which further expose them to loss of livelihoods and food security options.
The socio-economic factors contributing to food insecurity were so intertwined such that an integrated approach is recommended as the best approach for solving the compounded problems. Further local population should be engaged to define solutions to the problems. To enhance self-reliance and self-drive among communities, adult basic education training should be incorporated to reduce the high illiteracy rate. The local leaders should be engaged to bring the large tracts of land owned by old people into full utilisation. The non-government, government and institutions working in the area should strengthen and diversify livelihoods to promote livelihoods sustainability and enable communities to survive shocks by reducing asset poverty.Thesis (M.Agric)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermarizburg, 2011.
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Daitai, Ella. "The effect of school feeding programmes in addressing food insecurity in the Mutale Municipality of Vhembe District, Limpopo Province in South Africa." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/707.
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MA (Sociology)Department of Sociology
This study focused on the effects of the school feeding programmes in addressing food insecurity in Mutale Municipality of Vhembe District, Limpopo Province. The study placed school feeding programmes within the wider context of social assistance and a component for securing food for the wellbeing of Mutale rural inhabitants. The major problem identified in this study was the inadequacy of governmental interventions, specifically the social assistance component, to eliminate food insecurity in rural areas. This failure motivated the researcher to venture into an investigation of the school feeding programme and its impact, as a social intervention, in addressing food insecurity among rural citizenry. The study openly delineated various factors contributing to the ruthless chronic food insecurity which has ravaged many families in rural areas. On the theoretical framework, the research incorporated the Capability Theory and the Entitlement approach as the foundational basis of the study. The qualitative approach was used to ensure an in-depth understanding of the contribution of school feeding programmes as a right based in-kind social safety net implemented by the government in addressing the discourse of food insecurity on a rural setting. Respondents of the study included the supervisor at circuit level, the school principal, educators, food handlers, smallholder farmers, learners and their parents. The researcher utilised Quota sampling in the selection of respondents. The researcher gathered data through the use of interviews, non-participant observation and document analysis. The findings of this study were analysed by organizing the data and presenting it in a descriptive manner. Literature revealed that the provision of feeding schemes at schools have the capability to stimulate an enabling environment which can empower rural families with adequate resources essential for eliminating food insecurity. However, this study found out that the feeding scheme marginally created employment, reduced poverty and hunger and increased health and nutrition education among the community members. The programme achieved minimal results as it confronted implementation constraints which ruined its capacity to exterminate rural food insecurity.
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Mahapa, Sekei Frederica. "Rural women, food insecurity and survival strategies : the Babina-Chuene Women's Multi-purpose Project in Bochum (Northern province)." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22787.
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(9183512), Shinyoung Jun. "Identifying nutrition risk among U.S. infants and children with limited financial resources." Thesis, 2020.
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Inadequate nutrition in childhood can inhibit optimal growth and development, and is also associated with increased risk of chronic diseases later in life. Children living in households with limited financial resources may face a number of challenges to meet nutrient needs through unhealthy eating patterns, which may lead to health inequalities throughout the life-course. Therefore, improving low-income children’s diet would be an effective strategy for their health promotion and disease prevention, and potentially for narrowing health inequalities. The essential step for an efficient intervention would be to identify the unique nutrition risk that low-income children have. Therefore, the overarching aim of research in this dissertation was to identify nutrition risk of U.S. infants and children with low income or food insecurity, or participating in federal nutrition assistance programs using data from nationally representative surveys. An additional aim was to assess whether the inclusion of micronutrient intake from dietary supplements impacts micronutrient inadequacy in children.
For low-income infants and young children up to the age of 5 years, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides tailored food packages to improve dietary intake that may be inadequate due to economic constraints. Therefore, it is expected that nutrient intake of WIC participants would be more like those of higher-income nonparticipants and higher than those of lower-income nonparticipants who are likely to be eligible for WIC. The results from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2016 data analysis supported the hypothesis for several nutrients of concern, although WIC participants were more likely to exceed the recommended limits for sodium and added sugars compared to higher-income nonparticipants. However, higher-income nonparticipants were more likely to use dietary supplements than both WIC participants and lower-income nonparticipants, which can impact total nutrient intake (i.e., nutrient intake from all sources).
Systematic differences in dietary supplement use by income and WIC participation were also observed in a nationally representative sample of children aged 18 years and younger from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary supplement use was lower among children in low-income families compared to those in higher-income families. Among children in low-income families, those participating in WIC were less likely to use dietary supplements compared to nonparticipants. In addition, food insecurity and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation were associated with lower use of dietary supplements. Overall, one-third of children used any dietary supplements, mostly multivitamin-minerals, with primary motivations for use as “improve” or “maintain” health.
The following analysis of the 2011-2014 NHANES data showed that the inclusion of dietary supplements in nutrient intake assessments may lead to wider disparities in dietary intake by food security. This study also demonstrated the dose-response relationship between food security status and mean adequacy ratio, a summary measure of micronutrient adequacy. The mean adequacy ratio, inclusive of dietary supplements, was the highest in high food-security group (mean of 0.77), lower in marginal and low food security group (mean of 0.74), and the lowest in very low food security group (mean of 0.66), based on classification by food security among household children. However, the mean adequacy ratio does not reflect the usual intake (i.e., a long-term, habitual intake).
Therefore, another analysis of the 2011-2016 NHANES data estimated total usual nutrient intake of U.S. children 18 years and younger by food security status, using the National Cancer Institute method that adjusts for random error by statistical modeling. The results suggested that food insecurity was associated with higher risks of inadequate intakes for some nutrients, such as vitamins D and E and magnesium among boys and girls and vitamin A and calcium among girls only. Poor overall dietary quality and excessive sodium intake were of concern, regardless of food security status.
Collectively, the results from the studies in this dissertation add value to the evidence base about the adverse association of low income level and food insecurity status with dietary intake and extend the finding to include nutrient intakes from dietary supplements, which widens the disparity in nutrition risk. These findings highlight a need for interventions to reduce nutrient inadequacies and improve dietary quality among children across all socioeconomic levels, but especially among those with low income or food insecurity.
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Gupta, Anjali E. "The relations of depressive symptoms to economic outcomes for low-income, single mothers." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-12-573.
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The major goal of this study is to test the direction and strength of the relations of low-income single mothers’ depressive symptoms to their employment and income experiences over a time period following major welfare policy changes in the U.S. (2001 to 2003). The Panel Study of Income Dynamics provided data on 623 low-income, single mothers. The economic characteristics studied were: employment status, hours of work, wages, earnings, a job’s provision of personal control, family income, and welfare receipt. The mental health measure was the K-6 Non-Specific Psychological Distress Scale.
The study adds to our understanding of the temporal relations between employment experiences and mental health by testing the social causation, social selection, and interactionist (bidirectional) perspectives. Specifically, this study tested the different perspectives with a wide range of economic indicators, tested mechanisms that may link mental and economic well-being, and combined multiple employment factors to see if patterns emerged that related uniquely to psychological distress.
The findings supported social selection as earlier psychological distress predicted future employment, hours, wages, earnings, household income, and welfare receipt.
The tested mediator of days of lost work affected by psychological distress indicated an indirect effect of poor mental health predicting diminished job productivity that, in turn, predicted reduced employment, hours, wages, and earnings. Results were similar for subgroups of mothers based on the age of their youngest child or prior welfare history. The single significant finding was that a longer span of welfare receipt predicted worse mental health as compared to mothers who reported a shorter period of welfare receipt.
Latent class analysis identified three patterns of employment and welfare receipt across time: a) exchanged earnings for welfare, b) high employment and earnings growth with reduced welfare, and c) moderate employment growth. The groups that exchanged earnings for welfare (about 10% of the sample) evidenced increased psychological distress compared to mothers with high or moderate employment growth.
Support for the social selection hypothesis suggests that policies and interventions that help low-income mothers improve their psychological well-being could also enhance their economic well-being. Implications for future research could explore the effects of such policies.text
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Rogers, Paul F. "Losing Control: Global Security in the Twenty-first Century." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6264.
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'Losing Control combines a glimpse behind the security screens with sharp analysis of the real global insecurities - growing inequality and unsustainability.' The New Internationalist The attacks in New York and Washington on 11th September 2001 took most of the world by surprise. It showed that, for those living in the West, the threat of terrorist attack is now very real. Maintaining control of global security has become a matter of paramount importance to all Western governments. As the war against 'terrorism' widens into a war against particular states who may have played little part in the disaster, the idea that we can maintain global security by desperately clinging to our current security paradigm becomes increasingly improbable. In Losing Control, Paul Rogers calls for a radical re-thinking of western perceptions of security that embraces a willingness to address the core issues of global insecurity. This acclaimed book has already become an essential guide for anyone who wishes to understand the current crisis, and this updated edition contains a new preface and a new chapter which address the specific problems that have arisen since the attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Drawing on examples from around the world, Rogers analyses the legacy of the Cold War's proliferation of weapons of mass destruction; the impact of human activity on the global ecosystem; the growth of hypercapitalism and resulting poverty and insecurity; the competition for energy resources and strategic minerals; biological warfare programmes; and paramilitary actions against centres of power. The new edition brings the whole analysis right up to date, arguing persuasively that the world's elite cannot maintain control and that a far more emancipatory and sustainable approach to global security has to be developed.Also published in Japanese
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Langer, Christopher B. ""Turf Management Is Trumping Food Security": The Organization Of Access To Community Gardening In Toronto." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33659.
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In this study I explore the social organization of community gardening in Toronto. I have done this by: exploring (a) the experiences of community garden coordinators hired by non-profit organizations do to improve poor Torontonians’ access to food, and how this work occurs within and is affected by the larger framework of (b) the City of Toronto’s Community Gardens Program. This inquiry was carried out using institutional ethnography, with data collection occurring through open-ended interviews with garden coordinators and the analysis of non-profit and municipal documents. The results of the study are that garden coordinator’s work to improve access to food for poor Torontonians is at odds with the municipal understanding of community gardens and park space existing to attract economic investment to Toronto via “creative professionals.”
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Adam, Caroline. "L’agir-en-contexte : comprendre l’action des individus en situation de vulnérabilité." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23551.
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Un des défis de la promotion de la santé est de concevoir des outils théoriques et des interventions qui prennent en compte la façon dont les structures influencent le parcours de vie des individus tout en reconnaissant la capacité des individus à déterminer leur vie et à façonner, en retour, le monde dans lequel ils vivent. Le cadre d’analyse des mécanismes d’exclusion permet une telle intégration, particulièrement autour de la notion d’accès (Adam et Potvin, 2016). Ce cadre d’analyse conçoit les mécanismes d’exclusion comme un ensemble d’éléments de différents niveaux qui, en interaction, limitent l’accès aux droits, ressources et capacités pour vivre une vie en santé et mènent à des situations de vulnérabilité. Il propose de regarder les questions d’accès comme une fenêtre pertinente pour s’intéresser à l’interaction entre les individus et les structures.
Partant de ce cadre d’analyse, le but de cette thèse est de comprendre comment les limites d’accès aux droits, aux ressources et aux possibilités de développer des capacités interagissent avec l’action des individus et le contexte dans lequel ils déploient cette action. Afin d’être en mesure d’examiner des contextes influencés par des mécanismes d’exclusion et d’étudier le déploiement de l’action des individus, cette recherche a pris appui sur deux postulats : 1) l’insécurité alimentaire est une manifestation de mécanismes d’exclusion limitant l’accès aux ressources financières nécessaires permettant de se nourrir en quantité et en qualité suffisante ou générant la peur de ne pas avoir la possibilité de se nourrir en quantité et en qualité suffisante; et 2) se rendre dans un organisme communautaire est une manifestation des individus de leur capacité à déployer des actions pour faire face aux obstacles qu’ils rencontrent. Partant de ces postulats, nous avons étudié, par voie d’entretiens de type récit de vie, le parcours de 12 individus en lien avec la fréquentation d’un organisme communautaire en sécurité alimentaire.
Sur la base de l’analyse qualitative des récits de vie recueillis, le concept d’agir-en-contexte a été élaboré. Celui-ci comporte un système de cinq composantes : l’agentivité, les ressources, les capacités, les menaces et les opportunités. Ces composantes permettent de comprendre comment les mécanismes d’exclusion façonnent le contexte et interagissent avec la façon dont se déploie l’action des individus. En particulier, le concept d’agir-en-contexte suggère que les mécanismes d’exclusion modifient la configuration du contexte en augmentant les menaces, en diminuant les opportunités et en agissant sur les capacités et les ressources des individus et, par extension, leur agentivité. Partant de ce concept, trois types d’agir-en-contexte ont été élaborés : 1) l’agir-en-contexte motivé : les individus agissent en fonction de leurs désirs, souhaits, aspirations, valeurs et principes et font face à peu de menaces et beaucoup d’opportunités; 2) l’agir-en-contexte contraint : l’action est essentiellement orientée vers la gestion des menaces, laissant peu ou pas de place pour l’actualisation des désirs, souhaits, aspirations, valeurs et principes; et 3) l’agir-en-contexte synchronique : les individus tentent d’agir en fonction de leurs désirs, souhaits, aspirations, valeurs et principes, mais doivent déployer des actions pour faire face aux menaces qui limitent l’actualisation de leurs désirs, souhaits, aspirations, valeurs et principes.
Cette thèse propose donc une nouvelle conceptualisation du contexte et donne de nouvelles clés analytiques pour comprendre l’action des individus. À terme, nos résultats suggèrent que l’intervention de promotion de la santé ayant pour finalité de renforcer la capacité d’agir des individus nécessite une analyse de la configuration de l’agir-en-contexte afin de réduire la densité des menaces et ainsi favoriser l’apparition d’opportunités, l’augmentation des capacités et de ressources et ultimement, permettre aux individus de déployer leurs actions en fonction de leurs désirs, souhaits, aspirations, valeurs et principes.One of the challenges in health promotion is to design theoretical tools and interventions that take into consideration the way structures influence individuals’ life paths, while also recognizing individuals’ ability to make choices that shape their life and, in turn, have an effect on the world in which they live. The exclusionary mechanisms framework makes it possible to assimilate these two occurrences, particularly with regards to the notion of access (Adam & Potvin, 2016). This analytical framework conceives of exclusion mechanisms as a set of elements at various levels that, during interaction, limit access to rights, resources, and capacities for a healthy life and lead to situations of vulnerability. The framework proposes to look at issues of access as a relevant opportunity for addressing the interaction between individuals and structures. With this analytical framework as a starting point, the goal of this thesis is to understand how limited access to rights, resources, and possibilities for developing capacities interact with the context in which individuals evolve and their ability to act. In order to examine certain contexts that have been influenced by exclusionary mechanisms, as well as how individuals carry out their actions within these contexts, we postulated that: 1) Food insecurity is the result of exclusionary mechanisms that limit access to the financial resources necessary to feed oneself in sufficient quantity and quality, or that provoke anxiety that one will not be able to feed oneself in sufficient quantity and quality; and 2) Going to a community organization reflects individuals’ ability to act in the face of such adversities. Based on these postulates, and using life story interviews, we studied the paths of 12 individuals participating in a food insecurity community organization. The concept of acting-in-context has been developed based on the qualitative analysis of the life stories collected. This concept is composed of a five-part system: agency, resources, capacities, threats, and opportunities. These components make it possible to understand how exclusion mechanisms shape context and adjust individuals’ ability to act. More particularly, the concept of “acting-in-context” suggests that exclusionary mechanisms modify the context’s configuration by increasing threats, decreasing opportunities, and acting on individuals’ capacities, resources, and, by extension, agency. Based on this concept, three types of “acting-in-context” were developed: 1) motivated “acting-in-context”, in which individuals act according to their wishes, desires, aspirations, values, and principles while being faced with few threats, but many opportunities; 2) constrained “acting-in-context”, in which acting is essentially turned toward managing threats, leaving little or no room for wishes, desires, aspirations, values, and principles; and 3) synchronic “acting-in-context,” in which individuals attempt to act according to their wishes, desires, aspirations, values, and principles, but must also act otherwise in the face of threats limiting the possibility for them to realize their desires, hopes, aspirations, values and principles. This thesis therefore provides a new way of conceptualizing context and new analytical tools to understand individuals’ actions. In the end, our results suggest that a health promotion intervention that tries to strengthen individuals’ capacities needs to analyze the configuration of “acting-in-context” in order to reduce the density of threats. In this way, the intervention will increase opportunities, capacities, and resources, as well as enable individuals to act according to their wishes, desires, aspirations, values, and principles.
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Alusala, Loice Nandako. "Towards promoting food security amongst poor urban households : the case of Phomolong in Mamelodi." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2743.
Full textAbstract:
Promoting household food security for many poor people globally and more so
in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to be a challenge today. Ever rising poverty
levels, an influx in the prevalence of the HIV/ AIDS pandemic, reduced rainfall
accompanied by changing climatic patterns, environmental bankruptcy, the
complexities associated with urbanization, globalisation as well as technology
shift in the agricultural sector and capitalistic market economies all play a role in
the food security debate.
This research has highlighted some of the factors that influence the food
economy and related these to the household food security of poor informal
settlement dwellers.
Achieving household food security for poor urban households requires an
integrated approach in terms of poverty eradication as well as deliberate efforts
with regards to food production and distribution within a framework of ecological
integrity, with an aim of empowering the poor and ensuring that their household
food security is guaranteed.Development Studies
Thesis (M.A. (Development Studies))