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Journal articles on the topic 'Poverty – Ghana'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Adjasi, Charles K. D., and Kofi A. Osei. "Poverty profile and correlates of poverty in Ghana." International Journal of Social Economics 34, no. 7 (June 12, 2007): 449–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068290710760236.

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2

International Monetary Fund. "Ghana: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper." IMF Staff Country Reports 12, no. 203 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475506594.002.

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3

International Monetary Fund. "Ghana: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper." IMF Staff Country Reports 03, no. 56 (2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451814798.002.

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4

International Monetary Fund. "Ghana: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper." IMF Staff Country Reports 06, no. 225 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451814934.002.

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5

Omoniyi, Benjamin B., O. O. Ogunwole, and S. O. Owolabi. "Public Perception of the Effects of Poverty on Economic Growth in Ghana." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 172–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.85.9958.

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The paper examined public perception of the effects of poverty on economic growth in Ghana. It specifically examined public perception on the relationship between poverty and economic growth in Ghana using a combination of descriptive statistics and Logit Model to analyse the primary data collected. The result revealed that poverty does not lower investment, per capita income was not high enough to reflect Ghana’s resources, it was also discovered that poverty programmes are effective and standard of living were inadequate. The paper further discovered that unemployment rate was not too high in Ghana. Corruption does not pose any threat to poverty and economic growth. There existed low income inequality between the rich and the poor but income was not evenly distributed while inflation does not increased the plight of the poor or deteriorates the living standard of the poor. The result further discovered that government performance was inadequate, lifespan was low, Ghana was able to meet MDGs goal by the end of 2015 but may not be able to sustain the achievement beyond 2015. Above all, poverty decisively slowed down the pace of economic growth in Ghana. The result of the Logit model showed that unemployment, corruption, secondary school enrollment, government policy, life-expectancy and poverty retarded economic growth while investment, aggregate consumption expenditure, pattern of income distribution and inflation, enhanced economic growth in Ghana. The result further revealed that only investment, aggregate consumption expenditure and inflation are the determinants of economic growth in Ghana. The paper concluded that poverty slowed down the pace of economic growth in Ghana. The paper therefore recommends that government should introduce and maintain policies that will permit improved relationships between poverty and other variables except investment, welfare and inflation so that they can positively and significantly contribute to increase economic growth in Ghana.

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6

Dzidza, Peter Mawunyo, Ian Jackson, Ametefee K. Normanyo, and Michael Walsh. "The Effects of Poverty Reduction Strategies on Artisanal Fishing in Ghana: The Case of Keta Municipality." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 3 (May 31, 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n3p68.

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This paper assesses the level of poverty in Ghana after three decades of successive implementation of numerous poverty reduction strategies including Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) by various governments of Ghana. The Keta municipality in the Volta region, where artisanal fishing thrives, was chosen as a representative sample of the whole country. The authors identified eleven artisanal fishing communities in the selected area using systematic sampling. Data were collected on household consumption patterns. This process was used to determine the profile of poverty using the latest upper poverty line of Ghana and the Greer and Thorbecke (1984) poverty formula. Research findings show that the various poverty alleviation methods implemented over three decades by the Government of Ghana, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) significantly failed as they have not produced any meaningful effect on poverty reduction in the sample area. Finally, this paper offers further suggestions regarding how this poverty gap may be bridged using alternative methods.

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7

Novignon, Jacob, Justice Nonvignon, and Richard Mussa. "The poverty and inequality nexus in Ghana." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2016-0333.

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Purpose Understanding the linkages between poverty and inequality is vital to any sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies. In Ghana, while poverty has reduced significantly over the years, inequality has increased. The purpose of this paper is to examine the linkages between inequality in household expenditure components and overall inequality and poverty in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Using microdata from the sixth round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 6) conducted in 2012/2013, marginal effects and elasticities were computed for both within- and between-component analysis. Findings The results suggest that, in general, reducing within-component inequality significantly reduces overall poverty and inequality in Ghana, compared with between-component inequality. Specifically, inequality in education and health expenditure components were the largest contributors to overall poverty and inequality. The findings imply that policies directed toward reducing within-component inequality will be more effective. Specifically, the findings of the study corroborate recent policies on education and health in Ghana aimed at inequality within these components. Sustaining and scaling up these policies will be a step in the right direction. Originality/value The study contributes to existing studies in several ways: first, this study becomes the first attempt to examine inequality-poverty nexus using household expenditure components in Ghana. Second, the use of expenditure in place of income is an addition to the literature. Income is usually subject to reporting biases and is minimal in expenditure. Finally, the findings highlight the need for poverty reduction strategies to focus on specific household components including education and health. Blanket interventions may not be effective in reducing inequality and poverty.

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8

Lund, Ragnhild, Samuel Agyei-Mensah, and Stig H. Jørgensen. "New faces of poverty in Ghana." Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography 62, no. 3 (September 2008): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00291950802335426.

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9

Whitehead, Ann. "Persistent poverty in North East Ghana." Journal of Development Studies 42, no. 2 (February 2006): 278–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380500405410.

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10

Kyereme, Stephen S., and Erik Thorbecke. "Factors affecting food poverty in Ghana." Journal of Development Studies 28, no. 1 (October 1991): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220389108422221.

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11

Ajulor, Omoniyi. "CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS (CSOs) PARTICIPATION IN POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ON POVERTY REDUCTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA AND GHANA." International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management 9, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijasbsm.v9.i1.11.

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The paper examines the people’s perceptions of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) participation in policy implementation on poverty reduction: A comparative analysis of Nigeria and Ghana. This interrogation is necessary in order to improve the performance of CSOs and participate in the poverty reduction policies in Nigeria by borrowing a leave from Ghana. For proper analysis, key informant interview was carried out and relevant literatures were also reviewed. The paper revealed that efforts have been made by the CSOs to influence government policies on poverty reduction in Nigeria and Ghana for the benefit of the people but Ghana has made more progress. Despite poverty level has decreased in both countries; there is still much suffering in their rural areas. It is worst in Nigeria because of corruption, insurgencies and economic recession. The CSOs in both countries faced repressions and manipulation over the years. From 1990s Ghana CSOs enjoyed symbolic relationship with the state while its Nigeria counterpart struggle for space. The paper recommends that there is need for the governments in both countries to do more by ensuring CSOs participation in policy decisions on poverty reduction. The Nigeria government should borrow a leave from Ghana on building more relationship and partnership with CSOs on policies on poverty reduction. There should be collaborations and consultations between the government and the “major groups” at local levels on policy issues. The CSOs and the target beneficiary should be allowed to take joint ownership of policy decisions, processes and implementation to ensure accountability and transparency in order to reduce poverty in Nigeria and Ghana especially in their rural areas.

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12

Boateng, William. "Social Construction of Poverty in Ghana: A Structural Sociological Analysis." International Journal of Social Science Research 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2014): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v2i1.4886.

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Poverty is a social construct largely based on the culture of poverty paradigm where the poor are blamed for their plight. Poverty constructed this way diverts attention from the social forces responsible for it. In order to thoroughly understand poverty in Ghana, therefore, we need to engage in the sociological imagination to see if poverty is a personal problem or a public issue. This paper aims to disprove the culture of poverty paradigm, which defines poverty as a personal problem, and redirect the attention to the macro social structure as the premise upon which poverty resides, thus making it an important public issue.The general objective of the paper is to use the macro sociological perspectives - functionalist, conflict, feminist, and postmodernist - to make a cogent case against the culture of poverty paradigm as basis for the social construction of poverty. Specifically, the paper identifies the social groups more susceptible to experience poverty in Ghana, the macro social forces responsible for their susceptibility, and propose feasible specific policy strategies to address poverty and the social pathologies tied to it.

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13

Ofosu-Anim, Duke O., and Seung-Hee Back. "Indigenous Community Development Practices as a Substratum in Designing Poverty Alleviation Policies for Ghana: Lessons from South Korea’s Saemaul Movement." Journal of Asian Research 4, no. 2 (March 25, 2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jar.v4n2p1.

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Saemaul Movement was a community-based rural poverty alleviation policy of South Korea in the 1970s which contributed to ending poverty in rural communities. Its success can be attributed to how Koreans made use of indigenous community practices in policy design. The objective of the research was to evaluate the adaptation of Saemaul in Ghana, focusing on similarities in economic conditions and indigenous practices. The research utilised literature, interviews, and observations as the basis of methodology. The research findings revealed that the rural economic conditions in South Korea before Saemaul Movement was introduced was very similar to Ghana’s current rural economic indicators, which presents a reliable basis for comparative analysis on adaptation of Saemaul Movement in Ghana. Interviewees made a case for replicability of SM in Ghana. The results point to the existence of many similar indigenous rural community development practices which are prevalent in both case countries, and a possibility of developing poverty alleviation policies in Ghana based on existing indigenous practices as evidenced in the South Korean Saemaul Movement case. The researchers conclude that for poverty alleviation policies to work in Ghana, efforts in policy design must be based on utilising existing indigenous practices of rural communities.

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14

Awumbila, Mariama. "Gender equality and poverty in Ghana: implications for poverty reduction strategies." GeoJournal 67, no. 2 (February 14, 2007): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-007-9042-7.

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15

Awuse, Nicholas, Patrick Tadoh Offi, and Amevi Acakpovi. "Internal Migration and Poverty Reduction in Ghana." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 5, no. 1 (May 10, 2020): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v5i1.83.

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Nowadays, policymakers and researchers are discussing the relationship between internal migrations on poverty reduction. The uneven economic developments in Ghana these days, among others, have made the essential towns a des tination for internal migrants from other areas of the country. This study examines internal migration that acts as a way o ut of area poverty where conservative strategies on poverty reduction have failed to draw on empirical evidence on Ghana's civil movement. It is also examining how internal migration leads to economic development in rural areas. For the migrants a proportionate sample size of 680 used. Snowball sampling utilized for population selection (migrants) Gathered data from six regions and 38 districts in Ghana.It was analysed using questionnaires and interviews using versi on 22 of the Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS). The research also used statistical methods such as multinomial re gression, Spearman rank analysis of correlation, and ordinal model regression. Internal migration has a positive effect on poverty alleviation in Ghana bringing good drinking water supplies, electricity expansion, sanitation facilities, improved incomes, better healthcare, better nutrition, savings and investment opportunities to migrants, their families and communities among others. In order to maximize the effect of internal migration, the study recommended policy, theoretical and practical interventions on poverty reduction in Ghana

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16

International Monetary Fund. "Ghana: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper-Volume II." IMF Staff Country Reports 12, no. 204 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475506600.002.

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17

Ashiabi, Godwin S. "Some correlates of childhood poverty in Ghana." Journal of Children and Poverty 6, no. 2 (September 2000): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713675962.

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18

Dzanku, Fred M. "Transient rural livelihoods and poverty in Ghana." Journal of Rural Studies 40 (August 2015): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.06.009.

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19

Boateng, E. Oti, Kodwo Ewusi, Ravi Kanbur, and Andrew McKay. "A Poverty Profile for Ghana, 1987–1988." Journal of African Economies 1, no. 1 (March 1992): 25–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jae.a036744.

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20

Annim, Samuel Kobina, Simon Mariwah, and Joshua Sebu. "Spatial inequality and household poverty in Ghana." Economic Systems 36, no. 4 (December 2012): 487–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2012.05.002.

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21

Peprah, Prince, Emmanuel Mawuli Abalo, Jones Amoako, Julius Nyonyo, Williams Agyemang Duah, and Isaac Adomako. "“The Reality from the Myth”: The poor as main agents of forest degradation: Lessons from Ashanti Region, Ghana." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2017-0011.

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AbstractThe prevailing literature on poverty-environment links mostly presents a rather deterministic view of the nexus between poverty and the environment, revolving around the negative impact of the poor on the environment. Specifically, in Ghana, empirical evidence on the prevalence of forest degradation is sparse because the requisite data are often difficult to obtain. Using a qualitative approach, data collected through in-depth interviews with 45 randomly selected participants and 5 purposively selected key informants (Traditional Authorities) and using a thematic analysis, the poverty-environment, specifically the forest degradation nexus was verified. This cross-sectional study leads the authors to posit that poverty has a minimal negative effect on major forest degradation in Ghana. The study found that the poor were rather conscious, and future-oriented with regard to the environment, specifically forests owing to how their livelihoods and survival are directly linked to their immediate environment. The results suggest that the poverty-environment nexus could be country, or context-specific and varies between geographical and historical contexts. By implication, the seemingly universal assertion that the poor are those who cause major deforestation in communities could be problematic. Henceforth, the study maintains that it would be a fallacy to make generalisations that poverty is the main cause of major forest degradation, since the link between poverty and the environment is very context-specific. We argued on the premise that reduction of poverty in Ghana may not lead to the reduction of forest degradation. Joint implementation of holistic poverty-environment strategies that incorporate both the poor and the rich should be adopted to curb the wanton forest degradation in Ghana.

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22

Castillo, Jason T., Samuel Asante, Peter Dwumah, Jonas Asamanin Barnie, and David Becerra. "Ghanaian BSW Students' Perceptions of Poverty and Social Welfare Policies in Ghana." Advances in Social Work 14, no. 2 (February 28, 2013): 477–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/2836.

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In August 2010, data for this exploratory study were drawn from a sample of 185 undergraduate social work students from a public university in Ghana. Ordinal logistic regressions were run to analyze the relationship between social work students’ demographic variables and their perceptions toward poverty and social welfare policies in Ghana. The results of this study found that social work students’ age, gender, marital status, number of children, socioeconomic status, and area of concentration affected their perception toward poverty and social welfare policies in Ghana. The findings of this study point to several areas for consideration when developing or revising social work education curricula in Ghana.

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23

Debrah. "Alleviating Poverty in Ghana: The Case of Livelihood Empowerment against Poverty (LEAP)." Africa Today 59, no. 4 (2013): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.59.4.41.

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24

Orkoh, Emmanuel, Phillip Frederick Blaauw, and Carike Claassen. "Relative Effects of Income and Consumption Poverty on Time Poverty in Ghana." Social Indicators Research 147, no. 2 (July 17, 2019): 465–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02158-0.

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25

Lin, Boqiang, and Michael Adu Okyere. "Multidimensional Energy Poverty and Mental Health: Micro-Level Evidence from Ghana." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 15, 2020): 6726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186726.

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Regardless of growing interest and awareness of the effect of energy poverty on mental health, studies on this linkage have mainly relied on unidimensional measures of energy poverty with much concentration on advanced economies. Employing a two-wave socioeconomic survey, we analyzed the impact of multidimensional energy poverty on mental health in Ghana. We found energy poverty to heighten the chances of being mentally unhealthy. Using prices of liquefied petroleum gas and electricity as instruments for multidimensional energy poverty, we found that a rise in energy deprivation is associated with a 0.562-, 1.494- and 1.867-fold increase in the odds of being mildly, moderately and severely depressed, respectively. Among the indicators of multidimensional energy poverty, a deprivation in household appliance ownership (refrigerator ownership), recorded the highest impact on the depression levels of household heads. We concluded by urging policymakers to adopt a holistic approach in solving issues of energy poverty where simultaneous attention is given to all the dimensions of energy poverty since they collectively have detrimental effects on mental health, especially in a developing country setting.

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26

Adusah-Poku, Frank, and Kenji Takeuchi. "Energy poverty in Ghana: Any progress so far?" Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 112 (September 2019): 853–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.06.038.

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27

International Monetary Fund. "Ghana: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Annual Progress Report." IMF Staff Country Reports 04, no. 207 (2004): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451814835.002.

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28

International Monetary Fund. "Ghana: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Annual Progress Report." IMF Staff Country Reports 06, no. 226 (2006): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451814941.002.

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29

Ameyaw Domfeh, Kwame, and Justice Nyigmah Bawole. "Localising and sustaining poverty reduction: experiences from Ghana." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 20, no. 5 (August 7, 2009): 490–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777830910981186.

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30

Rolleston, Caine. "Education, poverty and culture in Ghana 1991–2010." Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 44, no. 2 (January 11, 2013): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2012.751802.

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31

Kyereme, Stephen S., and Erik Thorbecke. "Food poverty profile and decomposition applied to Ghana." World Development 15, no. 9 (September 1987): 1189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(87)90187-2.

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32

Poku-Boansi, Michael, Clifford Amoako, Justice Kufuor Owusu-Ansah, and Patrick Brandful Cobbinah. "The geography of urban poverty in Kumasi, Ghana." Habitat International 103 (September 2020): 102220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102220.

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33

Boyce, William, Shoba Raja, Rima Ghosh Patranabish, Truelove Bekoe, Dominic Deme-der, and Owen Gallupe. "Occupation, poverty and mental health improvement in Ghana." Alter 3, no. 3 (July 2009): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alter.2009.03.002.

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34

Braimah, Imoro, Kwame Obeng Nti, and Owusu Amponsah. "Poverty Penalty in Urban Water Market in Ghana." Urban Forum 29, no. 2 (December 13, 2017): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-017-9328-x.

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35

Bukari, Chei, Shanaz Broermann, and Davidson Okai. "Energy poverty and health expenditure: Evidence from Ghana." Energy Economics 103 (November 2021): 105565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105565.

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36

Asiedu, Berchie, Francis K. E. Nunoo, Patrick K. Ofori-Danson, Daniel B. Sarpong, and Ussif R. Sumaila. "Poverty Measurements in Small-scale Fisheries of Ghana: A Step towards Poverty Eradication." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 3 (May 25, 2013): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/crjss.5.5542.

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37

Batinge, Bibiana K., and Hatice Jenkins. "Gender and Poverty Reduction in Ghana: The Role of Microfinance Institutions." International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n8p71.

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Inequality between men and women is widely acknowledged across many parts of the globe. For example, among paid employees in Ghana, women’s average hourly earnings were around 67% of men. The disparity in earnings perpetuates poverty. Access to financial resources is widely regarded as crucial machinery to addressing this gender disparity and reducing poverty among women. Microfinance is a conduit to increasing access to finance among poor urban and rural women who usually lack the collateral to access loans from traditional financial institutions. Notwithstanding the vital role microfinance institutions play, there is no consensus on the assertion that its impact is generally favourable. Therefore, this study investigated the role of microfinance on health, education, and standard of living, as dimensions of poverty reduction in the Techiman Municipality of Ghana. The results indicate that access to microfinance services positively correlates to health, education, living standards and poverty reduction. Therefore, it is essential to extend the reach of microfinance services to increase access further to finance and, consequently, accelerate the rate of poverty reduction within the Municipality.

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38

Bathuure, Isaac Akpemah, Lens Opoku Brobbey, and Kingsley Bawa. "Spatial Distribution of Resources and Poverty Incidence in Ghana." Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 3, no. 4 (November 17, 2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/jems.v3n4p1.

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This paper investigates the spatial distribution of resources, production activities and poverty in Ghana. The study found that the presence of natural resources in an area over a period of time greatly influences industrial activities in that locality. Moreover, given that firms or manufacturing industries will usually site their business ventures close to the sources of resource attraction, the processes of production including value addition, packaging, and refinery largely becomes vibrant in resource rich areas than less-resource zones. In Ghana, there seems to be an uneven distribution of natural resources across the administrative regions and ecological zones. This kind of distribution has resulted in the creation of additional jobs in areas endowed with natural resources. Data for the studies was obtain from Ghana statistical service Spatial distribution of natural resources positively influences most important production activities in the discovered areas. A boom in production activities within an areas certainly reflect on the poverty incidence of the people since it creates both direct and indirect employment opportunities in that area. The paper suggests diversification of the economy, equitable allocation of resources to deprived areas to ensures comprehensive development and poverty alleviation in all aspects of life of the ordinary Ghanaian .Government needs to as well put in the needed measures to ensure people gets direct benefits from resources exploited in their communities as most of these exploitive activities pose negative externalities to the people.

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39

Laar, Amos K., Richmond N. O. Aryeetey, Mary Mpereh, and Francis B. Zotor. "Improving nutrition-sensitivity of social protection programmes in Ghana." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 76, no. 4 (September 25, 2017): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665117001136.

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Social protection (SP) has been demonstrated as an effective tool against poverty and severe hunger. In Ghana, SP interventions have been employed to address vulnerability to poverty since 1965. Nevertheless, its potential for enhancing nutrition has hardly been explored. To harness the cross-sectoral benefits of scaling up nutrition-sensitive actions in Ghana, the national development planning commission requested an assessment of nutrition linkages across existing SP policies and programmes. The present paper presents gaps and opportunities for improving nutrition-sensitivity of existing SP programming in Ghana. The evidence draws heavily on desk review of available published and grey literature. The data show that SP provides an entry point for mainstreaming nutrition into other programmes. However, designing and coupling SP programmes with nutrition programmes remain a challenge in Ghana. Local SP interventions are predominantly designed as standalone services and therefore are implemented independent of each other. To increase synergy between SP and nutrition, including nutrition as an explicit objective of SP policies/strategies is recommended.

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40

Nkrumah, Richard Kwabena, Samuel Kobina Annim, and Benedict Afful. "Household Social Expenditure in Ghana: Examining the Ex-Post Effects and Vulnerability to Poverty." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020040.

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We estimate the effect of household social expenditure on vulnerability to poverty using the four latest cross-sectional waves of Ghana Living Standard Survey (GLSS) from 1999 to 2017. Using a 3-Stage Least Square and Quantile Regression, our results show a widening consumption ex-post welfare gap between the poorest households and the non-poor households in a per-dollar social expenditure. Further, we estimate the probability of an ex-ante poverty using vulnerability to expected poverty. The results, however, indicate that regardless of poverty status, household vulnerability to poverty increased consistently between 1999 and 2017, and the very poor households showing the severest vulnerability. Hence, it is concluded that social expenditure increases the chances of a poor household falling into chronic poverty a non-poor household into transient poverty in the future.

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41

Asuming-Brempong, Samuel. "Policy Initiatives and Agricultural Performance in Post-independent Ghana." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 4, no. 9 (September 20, 2013): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v4i9.781.

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The central role agriculture plays in the development of Ghanaâ€™s economy has been recognized by several authors, particularly because Ghanaâ€™s economy is basically agrarian. Nevertheless, the contributions agriculture can make to economic development depend on the policy environment within which agriculture thrives. Several policies, both general and specific to agriculture, which have been pursued under various governments have either promoted or mitigated against the performance of agriculture in Ghana. This paper reviews the various policies under which Ghana's agricultural sector has operated since independence, and provides a synthesis of the major existing policies and recent changes and how these have affected the agricultural sector. The analysis shows that the socialist model of the 1960s contrasted sharply with the liberalized market approach of the 1980s and 1990s, particularly under structural adjustment. These differing policy orientations have had significant effects on agricultural performance in Ghana, and the roles of agriculture at different periods. For instance, the policy effects of agricultural activities on the environment, such as the promotion of export commodities, the exploitation of timber and forest resources, mining, and indiscriminate sale and use of agro-chemicals in Ghana have been negative. On the other hand, promotion of cash and export crops through government policy incentives have improved rural incomes for farmers that cultivate such crops, and helped to reduce poverty among this group. In general, the policy effects on agriculture in Ghana have been mixed.

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42

Obeng, George Y., Hans-Dieter Evers, F. O. Akuffo, I. Braimah, and A. Brew-Hammond. "Solar photovoltaic electrification and rural energy-poverty in Ghana." Energy for Sustainable Development 12, no. 1 (March 2008): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0973-0826(08)60418-4.

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43

Baffoe, John Kofi. "Income Distribution and Poverty Profile in Ghana 1987 – 1988." African Development Review 4, no. 1 (June 1992): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.1992.tb00146.x.

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44

International Monetary Fund. "Ghana: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: 2006 Annual Progress Report." IMF Staff Country Reports 09, no. 237 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451815023.002.

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Verutes, Gregory M., Magdalena B. Fiocco, John R. Weeks, and Lloyd L. Coulter. "Health, poverty, and place in Accra, Ghana: mapping neighborhoods." Journal of Maps 8, no. 4 (November 15, 2012): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2012.744365.

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Sabates-Wheeler, Rachel, Ricardo Sabates, and Adriana Castaldo. "Tackling Poverty-migration Linkages: Evidence from Ghana and Egypt." Social Indicators Research 87, no. 2 (July 7, 2007): 307–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-007-9154-y.

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Agyei-Mensah, Samuel. "Poverty and HIV prevalence in Ghana: a geographical perspective." GeoJournal 66, no. 4 (August 2006): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-006-9003-6.

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Koomson, Isaac, and Michael Danquah. "Financial inclusion and energy poverty: Empirical evidence from Ghana." Energy Economics 94 (February 2021): 105085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.105085.

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Amofah, Seth. "Indigenous Women Social Entrepreneurship; Poverty Alleviation Tool Used by Development NGOs in Ghana." ATHENS JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajss.8-2-4.

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Abstract:

This research paper examines the role of Non-Government Organizations (NGO) in the use of indigenous women social entrepreneurship as a means of reducing poverty in Northern Ghana. The study focused on an Estonian NGO working in significantly poor-rural districts of Northern Ghana. The study employed case study design where face to face semi-structures interviews were used to gather data from local women entrepreneurs, NGO staff and local government officials. A sample of twenty-one (21) respondents was gathered purposefully to achieve the aim of the study. The study found out that, most poor communities in Northern Ghana are endowed with resources needed for production. What are however lacked are managerial training, financial and technical support as well as market access. Development NGOs connect indigenous resources such as raw materials, human capital and social capital together through provision of equipment and skills training to produce internationally certified products for both local and international market. The study found out that producing local products for international market increases the rate of poverty alleviation since many local people get involved and the financial returns is higher than producing for the local market. The study also identified the creation of new macro-micro international relations between the NGO’s home country and the indigenous communities. Keywords: Indigenous Social entrepreneurship, Women, Poverty alleviation, Development NGOs, Northern Ghana.

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Dalinpuo, Eric, and Théophile Bindeouè Nassè. "SOCIAL PROTECTION AND CHILDREN VUNERABILITY IN AFRICA: AN EVIDENCE FROM THE WA AND JIRAPA MUNICIPALITIES IN GHANA." International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research 2, no. 1 (June 21, 2020): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v2i1.108.

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Though Ghana has made impressive strides in terms of economic growth, poverty reduction and democratic governance, there remains a substantial percentage of the population that still lives in poverty and are vulnerable to a range of economic, social, lifecycle and environmental shocks and risks. Therefore, Ghana rolled out a number of social protection interventions under the National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS) to mitigate the impact of extreme poor and vulnerabilities in society, especially among vulnerable children.The main objective of the study was to examine social protection and children vulnerability in Ghana by employing both qualitative and quantitative methods in achieving the objectives of the study in the Jirapa and Wa Municipalities of the Upper West Region of Ghana. Secondary literature and primary data were combined.The methods for data collection were questionnaire and interviews to generate information from government departments and institutions providing social protectionist services.Results suggest that there is increasing levels of vulnerability and orphanhood in children in the region. However, SP has some improvement in bene?ciaries household food consumption, income levels, saving levels, access to healthcare, and school attendance. However, there are institutional challenges that affect the implementation of the SP programme.The study concludes that SP programme contributed to poverty reduction as it enhanced bene?ciaries’ living conditions. It is therefore recommended that the Department of Social Welfare (DSW) be strengthened to properly target the real vulnerable children and households in their registration.

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