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Journal articles on the topic 'Poverty Philippines Philippines'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Eduardo, Jesster P., and Arneil G. Gabriel. "Indigenous Peoples and the Right to Education: The Dumagat Experience in the Provinces of Nueva Ecija and Aurora, in the Philippines." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 215824402110094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211009491.

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The Philippine historical accounts show that Indigenous Peoples (IPs) in the Philippines have long been suffering from discrimination and lack of access to Education. The IPs comprise about 10% to 20% of the Philippines’s 102.9 million total populations. The Philippine educational system’s neo-colonial background creates injustice on some cultural minorities who can attend school. For this matter, the study measures the perceptions of the Dumagats on their rights to Education. It focuses on the Dumagat communities in the provinces of Nueva Ecija and Aurora in the Philippines. By using the simple binary quantitative tool, the qualitative method of research, the application of Indigenous research methods, and critical pedagogy as analytical lens, the study found that (a) the implementation of the Philippine policies on the rights to Education as reflected on the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act (IPRA) of 1997 is more of a tokenism; (b) the enjoyment of the right to Education of IPs is hindered mainly by poverty; (c) English remains the widely used medium of instruction in most IP curricula; and (d) the IPs’ limited knowledge on specific provisions of IPRA related to the access to Education and culture is short of the policy ideals. The above findings necessitate change agents to start a process of pedagogical liberation. The National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) personnel and IP teachers can play a vital role as change agents and may act to correct the historical injustices on IPs’ rights and welfare.

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2

Tuason, Ma Teresa. "The Poor in the Philippines." Psychology and Developing Societies 22, no. 2 (September 2010): 299–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097133361002200204.

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The purpose of this article is to describe the face of poverty in the Philippines. Specifically, through a review of literature, it enumerates the features of destitution in the Philippines, identifies the problems that create, maintain and worsen poverty, and illustrates the coping processes of Filipinos who have made it out of poverty. Empirical studies discussed perceptions of the poor, homelessness and subhuman living conditions, marginalisation from economic growth, mental and physical health concerns due to socio-economic deprivation and deficiencies in health care, family stressors, overseas working, increased violence and social injustices to children, increasing numbers of street children, and the cultural values in the Philippines (e.g., pagpupunyagi: perseverance and resourcefulness, pakikipagkapwa: reliance on others). Based on the study by Tuason (2008), the model of coping processes of those who were born poor and became rich is illustrated. The model includes the domains such as: the experience of deprivation; negative emotions of self-pity, insecurity, envy and anger; intolerance for continued poverty; praying to God for change; dreams for self and resourcefulness; education and drive; gratitude; helping those in need; and lucky chance events. For those born poor, the societal structures in the Philippines keep most everyone from being economically successful.

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3

MAGCAMIT, MICHAEL I. "Trading in Vain? Investigating the Philippines' Development-oriented National Security and Free Trade Linkages." Japanese Journal of Political Science 17, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 84–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109915000407.

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AbstractThis paper examines the manner through which the Philippine government has utilized free trade in pursuing its development-oriented national security policies and strategies in the twenty-first century. It argues that against the backdrop of uneven economic development being perpetuated by a deeply entrenched oligarchic system and patronage culture, the primary referent of Philippine national security is its diminishing development space. Despite the government rhetoric with regard to the role of inclusive development in enhancing national security, the Philippine political economy remains highly oligarchic and patrimonial. Such a condition has resulted in institutionalized inequality and structural poverty that undermine the country's supposedly development-based security model. The ability of the very few yet very powerful Filipino elites to transform the country into an oligarchipelago underscores the inefficiencies emanating from this type of politico-economic arrangement. In light of this, the paper evaluates the impacts of the Philippines' free trade activities on its overall level of development space by focusing on several crucial aspects of free trade that the government has failed to properly consider. Moreover, it scrutinizes the key factors that affect the utility of free trade for securing and enhancing the Philippines' development space. The paper concludes by arguing that the Philippine government's attempts at linking its development-centric security interests and free trade objectives have resulted not only in the preservation of uneven economic development and but also the further reinforcement of the existing oligarchic system and patronage culture in the country.

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4

Stravers, David. "Poverty, Conversion, and Worldview in the Philippines." Missiology: An International Review 16, no. 3 (July 1988): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182968801600306.

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The worldviews of the poor in the Philippines, as well as in other parts of the world, partly account for the resistance of the hard-core poor to successful development ministries. At the same time, the correlation between worldview and physical poverty presents an explanation for the frequent observation that Christian conversion often benefits the convert economically. This article examines the importance of worldview and suggests a strategy for Christian change agents who minister in the context of severe poverty.

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5

Mendoza, Celedonio B., Dwane Darcy D. Cayonte, Michael S. Leabres, and Lana Rose A. Manaligod. "Understanding multidimensional energy poverty in the Philippines." Energy Policy 133 (October 2019): 110886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110886.

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6

Swamy, Arun R. "Can Social Protection Weaken Clientelism? Considering Conditional Cash Transfers as Political Reform in the Philippines." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 35, no. 1 (April 2016): 59–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500103.

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Since poverty is often believed to be a root cause of clientelism, government policies to reduce poverty should also help to reduce clientelism. However, scholars studying clientelism are more likely to view social policy as a potential resource for clientelist politicians. This article examines this paradox in the Philippine context by offering a general framework to identify when social welfare policies are likely to reduce clientelism, and by applying this framework to the Philippines, focusing on the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino conditional cash transfer programme, or Pantawid. I argue that the policies that are most likely to undercut clientelism are universal social protection policies that provide poor families with security, although these are the least acceptable to middle-class taxpayers. This is exemplified by the Philippines, which has tended to introduce social policies that increase the scope for clientelism by making discretionary allocation more likely, rather than policies that offer income security to the poor. The Pantawid programme attempts to overcome these problems by introducing a centralised targeting mechanism to identify beneficiaries and by guaranteeing the benefit to all eligible families, but like all conditional cash transfer programs falls short of guaranteed and universal social protection.

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7

de Brun, Suzanne, and Ray H. Elling. "Cuba and the Philippines: Contrasting Cases in World-System Analysis." International Journal of Health Services 17, no. 4 (October 1987): 681–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/r7hk-hkcq-2pad-hqn2.

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Cuba and the Philippines are countries with broad similarities in historical background yet sharp divergences in political economic developments and relations to the capitalist world-system in recent times. U.S. economic and political interests dominated both countries during the first half of the 20th century. The changes generated by the Cuban revolution resulted in the end of U.S. power in Cuba in 1959. The Philippines, however, remain profoundly dependent on the United States. The approach taken in this article contrasts these countries, asking what the results of their divergent paths are in terms of health and health services. The ability of Cuba and the Philippines to support the primary health care (PHC) approach by fostering socioeconomic justice, authentic citizen participation, and a regionalized health system is examined. It is clear that the last 25 years of socialist-oriented development in Cuba reversed the negative effects of the previous market economy by providing improved social and health services. The success of the political economy and the fully regionalized health system, supportive of the PHC approach in Cuba, is reflected in the high-level health status of the people. In contrast, poverty, gross social and economic inequities, high prevalence of infectious disease, and inaccessible, inadequate, and uncoordinated health services persist in the Philippines after some 85 years of international and national capitalist development. The poor health status of the Philippine people is a direct reflection of this underdeveloped system.

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8

Ramos, Gloria Estenzo, and Rose Liza Eisma Osorio. "REDD+ in the Philippines: Legal status and conservation of mangrove forests in the Philippines." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (July 8, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3359.

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Mangroves perform a crucial role in maintaining the ecological integrity of the coastal ecosystem. They act as filters in the coastal zone, preventing the damaging effects of upland sediments on seagrass beds and coral reefs, minimise the effects of storm surges and act as carbon sinks that mitigate climate change. These essential services, however, are degraded through indiscriminate cutting, conversion of mangrove swamps to fishponds, reclamation projects and other coastal developments and pollution. Experts reveal that the Indo-Malay Philippine Archipelago has one of the highest rates of mangroves loss. From an estimated 500,000 hectares of mangrove cover in 1918, only 120,000 hectares of mangroves remain in the Philippines today. The country has had the legal and policy framework to protect and conserve mangroves. But weak implementation of laws, overlapping functions among agencies and, in general, poor management by the people and local governments have hindered the sustainable management of mangrove forests. Positive developments, however, are taking place with the promulgation of laws on climate change and executive orders which specifically include mangrove and protected areas under the National Greening Program (NGP) and addresses equity, food security and poverty issues by giving preference to NGP beneficiary communities as a priority in the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Program. Moreover, participatory Planning and Multi-stakeholder Approaches are among the strategies contemplated by the Philippine National REDD + Strategy. The article examines the implementation and effects of the Philippine National REDD+ Strategy, the National Climate Change Action Plan which specifically integrates REDD+ and ecosystem valuation into decision-making, and the executive orders which support the mainstreaming of the National Greening Program.

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9

Ranario, Roselle Jardin. "Philippine Poverty as Moving Fractals." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 6, no. 2 (April 24, 2016): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v6i2.9369.

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A recent innovation in the field of statistics is using fractal analysis where data sets are analyzed for anomaly detection, pattern analysis, and root cause analysis. In application of the fractal statistics, this paper examines the incidence of Philippine poverty from 2003 to 2012 based on its fractal dimension in the hope of providing policy makers a different approach in addressing sustained growth among the poor. Poverty is like a moving fractal where patterns simply repeat in various scales and variations. What are the key implications of fractal poverty for policy and research? How can the fractal poverty provide an analytical foundation to make a pathway out of poverty accessible to Filipinos presently suffering in extreme poverty? The fractal model shows that poverty incidence is dictated by provinces whose poverty incidence are high. This means that if the poverty incidence of the province will be primarily addressed, it will affect the poverty scenario of the Philippines. Policy makers if looking for key indicators why Filipinos have some difficulty escaping poverty may focus on the province with the highest incidence.

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10

Muslim, Macapado A. "Poverty Alleviation and Peace Building in Multiethnic Societies: The Need for Multiculturalist Governance in the Philipines." Chinese Public Administration Review 3, no. 3/4 (November 4, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v3i3/4.61.

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This paper is about the twin challenges of poverty alleviation and peace building in multiethnic countries. It argues that alleviating poverty and achieving peace require the transformation of their politics and governance in multiethnic societies to become multiculturalist. This means making their governance responsive to the challenges and requirements of cultural diversity. Moreover, focusing on the Philippine situation, the paper stresses the urgency of evolving a cultural diversity-friendly political formula for the government to achieve the twin goals of peace and development, particularly in relation to its ethnocultural minorities like the Bangsa Moro of Southern Philippines. Part II of this paper discusses the inextricable link between peace and development, while Part III elucidates some of the political, socio-economic, cultural and security determinants of ethnic conflict. Part IV presents some features of governance warranted by the ethnocultural diversity of multiethnic societies, while Part V analyzes the Philippine situation using the multiculturalist governance framework. Part VI provides some concluding statements.

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11

Mangahas, Mahar. "SELF-RATED POVERTY IN THE PHILIPPINES, 1981–1992." International Journal of Public Opinion Research 7, no. 1 (1995): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/7.1.40.

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12

Canare, Tristan, and Jamil Paolo Francisco. "Decentralization, Fiscal Independence, and Poverty in the Philippines." Public Budgeting & Finance 39, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 94–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbaf.12241.

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13

Reid, Ben. "Poverty alleviation and participatory development in the Philippines." Journal of Contemporary Asia 35, no. 1 (January 2005): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472330580000031.

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14

Sahrasad, Herdi, Adhe Nuansa Wibisono, and Al Chaidar Al Chaidar. "Moro Muslims In Southern Phillippines: The Rise of Abu Sayyaf and the Genealogy of Conflict In Southeast Asia." Ulumuna 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 378–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v22i2.340.

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The main problem of Moro Muslims in Southern Philippines are now the right to self-determination but it also include poverty, underdevelopment, low education, unemployment, discrimination, and violent conflict. Upon the Spanish colonization for more than three centuries (1521-1898), the Moros were controlled by the United States for almost five decades (1898-1942). Japan colonised them for three years before they were integrated to the Republic of Philippines in 1946. Their struggle for independence still continues today represented by the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), establihsed in the late 1960s and led by Nur Misuari, and by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) led by Salamat Hasyim in 1981. The birth of the MILF was a response to dissatisfaction with the MNLF that was considered less assertive in fighting for Bangsamoro's rights and too accommodative to the Philippine government. In early 1990s, Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) led by Abdulrajak Janjalani emerged to respond the situation. In later development, it rises to become a prominent group involved in a long-standing conflict and terror in this landmark of Southeast Asia region.

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15

NAVARRO, Adoracion M. "Achieving Inclusive Growth in the Philippines." East Asian Policy 04, no. 04 (October 2012): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930512000384.

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The Philippines' current development plan in pursuit of inclusive growth through strategies like infrastructure investment, improvement to governance, human development, employment creation, stable inflation and sustainable fiscal balance has resulted in early though limited successes. Challenges in the implementation include slow progress in public-private partnership programmes for infrastructure and inaccuracies in targeting the poor in the direct poverty relief programme. In fact, policy coherence and institutional strengthening are critical elements in pursuing inclusive growth.

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16

Narag, Raymund E., and Clarke R. Jones. "Understanding Prison Management in the Philippines." Prison Journal 97, no. 1 (November 18, 2016): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885516679366.

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Current prison management models strictly prohibit inmates from assisting with prison administration or governance. This is feasible in developed countries where governments can provide adequate resources, security, and personnel. It is not, however, realistic in developing countries like the Philippines, which is characterized by poverty, corruption, and underresourcing of correctional facilities. In such circumstances, inmate leaders tend to share governance with prison administrators. Despite occurring out of necessity, not by design, this system normalizes social conditions within a prison. This article examines the ramifications of such a shared governance model for correctional management by means of ethnographic research.

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17

Gerson, Philip R. "Poverty, Income Distribution, and Economic Policy in the Philippines." IMF Working Papers 98, no. 20 (1998): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451922196.001.

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18

Fujii, Tomoki. "Dynamic Poverty Decomposition Analysis: An Application to the Philippines." World Development 100 (December 2017): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.07.031.

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19

dela Cruz-Doña, Rena Ocampo. "Variation in poverty and household incomes in the Philippines." Journal of Contemporary Asia 30, no. 4 (January 2000): 507–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472330080000481.

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20

Fujii, Tomoki. "Impact of food inflation on poverty in the Philippines." Food Policy 39 (April 2013): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2012.11.009.

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21

Fehr, Alexandra, Murat Sahin, and Matthew C. Freeman. "Sub-national inequities in Philippine water access associated with poverty and water potential." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 4 (August 17, 2013): 638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.115.

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The Philippines is one of many countries to have achieved the Millennium Development Goal target for improved access to drinking water. However, the national average masks sub-national inequities in access that underlie important information for policy makers and that have implications for health and development. We conducted a geospatial analysis on water access at the household and school levels, total water potential, and poverty incidence. We also compared water access at the household level between 1998 and 2008. We found significant spatial autocorrelation for all variables: the northern region had higher access to improved water sources, lower levels of poverty and less total water potential than the central or southern regions. Further, these trends did not change from 1998 to 2008. This study identifies the most marginalized areas within the Philippines. Our approach could be used by policy makers, donors and service delivery providers within the Philippines and elsewhere to better target water infrastructure projects.

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22

Macpal, Sunandar. "Perbatasan, Nelayan Dan Kemiskinan; Konstruk Kemiskinan Pada Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia-Filipina." Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial dan Budaya (Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology) 6, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/antro.v6i2.18776.

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This paper intends to explain how the construct of poverty occurs in coastal communities and small islands on the Indonesia-Philippines border. This paper is a literature review that uses social exclusion as a basis for building discourse. Sangihe Regency is a coastal area located in Indonesia — the Philippines border region. As a coastal area, many people earn a living as fishermen. Poverty that occurs in the Sangihe region is a structural (state) consequence that makes the Sangihe region become a border. The policy to modernize fishermen as a step to reduce poverty actually eliminates many local traditions, including the duality of livelihoods. In addition, modernizing has also had impact on the loss of culture at the level of knowledge and language.

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23

Robie, David. "REVIEW: An emotional, eternal life struggle for peace, justice." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v10i1.795.

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Few books have been published in Oceania offering the political and social resonance achieved by some photojournalists in the Asia-Pacific region and further afield internationally. Books come to mind such as Depth of Field, a powerful collection of photographs of poverty and repression in the Philippines; The Brotherhood, a revealing portrayal of a corrupt police precinct in Manila by Alex Baluyut for the Philippines Centre for Investigative Journalism.

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24

Diaz, Ronald. "Effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and other Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Programs of Low and Middle – Income Countries on Human Development." Sapienza: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v2i1.16.

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Despite the economic growth experienced by the Philippines in the recent years in terms of high GDP, poverty in the country still prevails. Prevalence of many poor families and individuals in the country prompted the Philippine government to implement the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Bridging Program for the Filipino Family) also known as 4Ps, the country’s conditional cash transfer (CCT) program that aims to provide conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor. This paper aims to examine the effect of 4Ps on the country’s Human Development Index (HDI). It also seeks to find out if conditional cash transfer program provides significant effect on the HDIs of low and middle-income countries worldwide. The mean Human Development Index (HDI) of the Philippines before and throughout the implementation of 4Ps was compared. The difference between the HDIs of selected countries (low and middle-income) implementing and non-implementing the conditional cash transfer programs was determined. The findings of this study show that the Philippines has a significantly higher mean HDI during the implementation of 4Ps since 2008 to 2018 compared to its years when there was no 4Ps. The results further indicate that low and middle–income countries with CCT programs have significantly higher HDIs in comparison to their counterparts. A thorough evaluation of the CCT programs in terms of issues such as dependency and reviewing the conditionalities of the program to provide more significant and promising effect on HDI needs to be undertaken. Keywords: Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), conditional cash transfer (CCT), Human Development Index (HDI)

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25

Juan, David Michael M. San. "Transitioning to a Progressive Green Economy in the Philippines." Journal of Developing Societies 36, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x20912632.

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Informed by theoretical discussions and statistics on the Anthropocene and sustainable development, this article is focused on tackling Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), primarily SDG 1 (“end poverty in all its forms everywhere”); SDG 7 (“ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all”); SDG 10 (“reduce inequality within and among countries”); and related SDGs that are at the nexus of poverty, inequality, and renewable energy. This discussion serves as a springboard for (re)crafting a state-led sustainable development plan for the progressive transition to a green economy in the Philippines, as a pro-active response to global environmental change.

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26

Islam, Rabiul, and Ahmad Bashawir Abdul Ghani. "Link among energy consumption, carbon dioxide emission, economic growth, population, poverty, and forest area." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-12-2016-0351.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship among energy consumption (EC), carbon dioxide emission, economic growth, foreign direct investment, population, poverty, and income of four Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, namely, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines. Design/methodology/approach An econometric analysis was used to achieve the goal of this study taking the period of 1995-2014. Findings The results of the study motivated the researcher to recommend that four ASEAN countries, namely, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines should increase their energy efficiency, increase the share of green energy from their total energy use, and increase energy conservation in order to reduce the unnecessary wastage of energy. Originality/value The findings validate that economic growth, population, and income have positive and statistically significant impacts on EC, while carbon dioxide emission, foreign direct investment and poverty have negative impacts on EC for Malaysia. Economic growth, income and poverty have positive and statistically significant impacts on EC, while carbon dioxide emission, foreign direct investment and population have negative impacts on EC for Singapore. Carbon dioxide emission and foreign direct investment have positive and statistically significant impacts on EC, while economic growth, population, poverty and income have negative impacts on EC for the Philippines. Finally, economic growth, carbon dioxide emission and income have positive and statistically significant impacts on EC, while foreign direct investment, population and poverty have negative impacts on EC for Malaysia.

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27

Clausen, A. "Disparate geographies of labour : the Philippines in times of globalisation." Geographica Helvetica 62, no. 2 (June 30, 2007): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-62-113-2007.

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Abstract. Labour market issues give insight into the myriad ways in which people and politics respond to social and spatial tensions marking current transformations alongside globalisation. This paper explores the relations between the globalising Philippine labour market, spatially disparate development and the course of national economic policies. Philippine State policies almost exclusively promote global-oriented Service and industry sectors and their predominantly urban locations.The agricultural sector, and thus most of the rural regions and inhabitants, is neglected by these policies. Many rural regions find themselves being pushed into the economic periphery. Their inhabitants appear caught in a spiral of increasing poverty, leading to heightened exodus as persons seek employment and better perspectives in urban centres. Persistent inequality of power relations, landownership, socio-political conflicts and slow decentral isation further exacerbate the Situation in the peripheries. At the same time, the urban centres struggle to absorb the migrants in the face of economic volatility through globalisation. Unemployment is high and the informal sector large. A strategy of the State government has been to export workforce surplus to global labour markets. In the long run, however, the Philippines, and particularly its peripheries, could loose their most productive human capital, and consequently, their basis for any endogenously driven development. Thus, it appears necessary for the government to provide their Citizens with a sustainable, socially and spatially more balanced inner labour market if it wishes to herald in a developmental turnabout.

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28

Rivera, Temario C. "The Philippines in 2004: New Mandate, Daunting Problems." Asian Survey 45, no. 1 (January 2005): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2005.45.1.127.

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National elections in the Philippines took place on May 10, 2004, providing incumbent President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo with a six-year electoral mandate and control of both houses of Congress and most of the local governmental positions. However, the Arroyo administration faced a worsening budget deficit and debt crisis, increased incidence of hunger and poverty, pervasive corruption scandals in the military, inconclusive peace negotiations with communist guerrillas and Muslim separatists, and an unexpected twist in the country's relations with the United States, provoked by a crisis in the Philippines' involvement in Iraq.

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29

Longmire, R. A. "The Aquino alternative and The Philippines: people, poverty and politics." International Affairs 64, no. 3 (1988): 529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622934.

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30

Choguill, Charles L. "Urban policy as poverty alleviation: the experience of the Philippines." Habitat International 25, no. 1 (March 2001): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-3975(00)00031-x.

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31

Angeles-Agdeppa, Imelda. "Food and nutrition security and poverty alleviation in the Philippines." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 11 (September 2002): S335—S340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6047.11.s13.1_11_s1.x.

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32

Angeles-Agdeppa, Imelda. "Food and nutrition security and poverty alleviation in the Philippines." Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 11, s1 (September 2002): S335—S340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6047.11.s15.1.x.

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33

Balisacan, Arsenio M. "Anatomy of Poverty during Adjustment: The Case of the Philippines." Economic Development and Cultural Change 44, no. 1 (October 1995): 33–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/452200.

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34

COXHEAD, IAN, and SISIRA JAYASURIYA. "Development strategy and trade liberalization: implications for poverty and environment in the Philippines." Environment and Development Economics 9, no. 5 (October 2004): 613–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x04001445.

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Poverty and environmental degradation or deforestation in developing countries have common determinants in underlying economic and institutional conditions that determine factor and product prices and incentives for migration and resource-depleting activities. These determinants include property rights failures (open access to forest lands) but also ‘government failures’ in the form of policies that indirectly promote resource use and retard poverty alleviation. A general equilibrium analysis identifies influences that such distortions have on poverty and environment. Using a numerical GE model, we consider likely effects of Philippine trade policy reforms of the 1990s on determinants of poverty, deforestation, and agricultural land expansion. These reforms marked a significant shift away from the import substitution industrialization strategy that characterized post-independence Philippine development. The results suggest that though reforms would increase poverty in the short term, in the longer run trade liberalization is poverty reducing. The environmental impact can also be positive, provided liberalized trade is combined with appropriate government action to address market failures.

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35

Fuwa, Nobuhiko, Arsenio M. Balisacan, and Fabrizio Bresciani. "In Search of a Strategy for Making Growth More Pro-Poor in the Philippines." Asian Economic Papers 14, no. 1 (January 2015): 202–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00338.

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Despite the large and expanding literature on pro-poor growth, quantitative studies identifying potential determinants of pro-poor growth remain scarce. This paper addresses this lacuna in the literature for the case of the Philippines. The main driver of rural poverty reduction has shifted from agricultural to non-agricultural growth in the Philippines, but agricultural investments can be still effective in areas with underdeveloped infrastructure. Non-agricultural income growth, on the other hand, can be made more pro-poor by reducing child mortality, facilitating international labor migration, investing in roads, and reducing income inequality.

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WONG, John. "Poverty Reduction in East Asia: A Continuing Development Challenge." East Asian Policy 07, no. 04 (October 2015): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930515000410.

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In recent years, income distribution has worsened virtually in all market economies. For East Asia, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore have successfully done away with absolute poverty, with their current focus on relative poverty. China, Malaysia and Thailand have resolved their absolute poverty problem, targeting policies now on certain regions or certain groups. For Indonesia, the Philippines, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam, the main thrust is still on reducing their absolute poverty.

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Zapico, Florence, Jose Hernandez, Teresita Borromeo, Kenneth McNally, Josefina Dizon, and Edwino Fernando. "Traditional agro-ecosystems in Southern Philippines." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 10, no. 4 (August 29, 2019): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-06-2019-0036.

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Purpose Sarangani, a province in Southern Philippines, is inhabited predominantly by tribal groups who depend on traditional rice farming for subsistence and livelihood. The purpose of this study is to identify current pressures to these upland communities and the interventions instituted to address them or mitigate their effects. Design/methodology/approach This is an exploratory and cross-sectional research using the emic approach. Rapid rural appraisal techniques (i.e. focus group discussion, key informant interviews, community immersion and field observation) were concurrently undertaken in 15 farming villages in the Sarangani uplands. Findings Results revealed that many upland families inhabited disaster-prone areas under conditions of hardship and abject poverty. Prevalent problems in these areas have largely arisen from the encroachment of modern agriculture, environmental degradation and changes in the socio-political and economic spheres. Consequently, food insecurity, cultural and genetic erosion and biodiversity losses have resulted in lowered Sarangani agro-ecosystem resilience. While policies and programs had been instituted to address these problems, positive results still remain to be realized. Social implications Weak social networks in the Sarangani upland communities are attributable to their isolation and the disruptive influences of modernization. Agricultural modernization, in particular, caused the disintegration of community social structures and undermined overall well-being of the farmers. Sustainable strategies which harmonize modern and traditional systems of food production and environmental management are warranted to attain food security, environmental preservation and bio-cultural preservation. Originality/value This study contributes to the present body of knowledge about threats to vulnerable agro-ecosystems inhabited mainly by indigenous tribes. And while only 15 farming villages were covered by the study, these results can serve as a microcosm of what is happening in traditional agro-ecosystems worldwide. The study is also expected to provide inputs to policymakers, which they can use in crafting policies to address problems in the Sarangani uplands.

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Permono, Prakoso. "Abu Sayyaf Group di Filipina Selatan setelah Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao." Jurnal Global & Strategis 13, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.13.2.2019.109-122.

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Filipina awal tahun 2019 diwarnai referendum di Filipina Selatan yang mengantarkan pada dibentuknya Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). Konflik, instabilitas kawasan, dan perkembangan ancaman terorisme di Filipina Selatan khususnya dan umumnya di seluruh Filipina diharapkan berakhir dengan sebuah konsensus damai dan demokratis seiring terbentuknya pemerintahan transisi di BARMM. Harapan terciptanya perdamaian dengan keberadaan BARMM dalam tulisan ini dikaji secara spesifik dari salah satu kelompok teror yang berkembang di kawasan Filipina Selatan, Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG). Keberadaan ASG pada mulanya merupakan dampak kekecewaan usaha perjanjian damai yang diinisiasi pemerintah dan kelompok teror terbesar saat itu Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), seiring dengan perkembangan waktu kelompok ASG bertransformasi menjadi sebuah kelompok kriminal dengan modus operandi penculikan dan permintaan tebusan, sekalipun tidak sepenuhnya meninggalkan posisi awalnya sebagai kelompok teror dengan kehendak separatis ideologis. Penelitian ini berusaha menjawab potensi dampak yang muncul pada ASG dengan dibentuknya BARMM di kawasan Filipina Selatan. Sayangnya opsi-opsi melemah dan bubarnya ASG yang disebabkan oleh keberadaan BARMM hanya dapat terjadi bila tercipta good governance dan penyelesaian persoalan dasar seperti kemiskinan dan potensi radikalisasi yang terus berkembang. Jawaban dari masa depan ancaman teror ASG di Filipina Selatan akhirnya tergantung seberapa besar penguasaan wilayah, penegakan hukum, dan pengentasan kemiskinan di Filipina Selatan. Kata-kata kunci: Abu Sayyaf Group, Filipina Selatan, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. Early 2019 in the Philippines was marked by a referendum in Southern Philippines which led to establishment of Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). Conflict, regional instability, and terrorism threats development especially in Southern Philippines and generally in all over Philippines are expected to end with a peaceful and democratic consensus as transitional government has formed already in the BARMM. The hope of creating peace with the presence of BARMM in this paper is specifically examined from one of terror group in the Southern Philippines region, the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG). The existence of the ASG was initially a result of disappointment caused by peace agreement efforts initiated by Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) the largest terror group at that time, along with its development the ASG Group transforming into a criminal group with kidnapping and ransom as their main modus operandi, but not completely abandoned its initial position as a ideological terror group with separatism agenda. This research seeks to address the potential impacts of BARMM establishment in the Southern Philippines region to the development of ASG Group. Unfortunately, the options to weaken and to liquidate ASG caused by the presence of BARMM can only occur if good governance is created and the basic problems such as poverty in the region are resolved. The answer to the future of ASG terror threat in the Southern Philippines ultimately depends on how much territorial control, law enforcement, and poverty alleviation process in the Southern Philippines. Keywords: Abu Sayyaf Group, Southern Philippines, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.

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Lopez-Gonzaga, Violeta. "Crisis, Poverty, and Survival in the Philippines: One Woman Finds Hope." Missiology: An International Review 15, no. 3 (July 1987): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182968701500307.

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Filipino women have traditionally enjoyed greater equality than women in other Southeast Asian countries, and women have played an important role in keeping families together despite impoverished conditions. One such woman is Rufina, who grew up amid poverty, and began working at the age of 14 to help support her family. More recently, due to military conflict in the countryside, she was forced to flee with her six children to the city of Bacolod, where she lived in an abandoned storage building with five other refugee families. Amid the crisis her two youngest children died, but through the seemingly hopeless circumstances, Rufina found hope through the ministry of a Christian evangelist, who was able to offer her medical aid and food supplies through a local congregation of believers.

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Agbola, Frank W., Angelito Acupan, and Amir Mahmood. "Does microfinance reduce poverty? New evidence from Northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines." Journal of Rural Studies 50 (February 2017): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.11.005.

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Irz, Xavier, James R. Stevenson, Arnold Tanoy, Portia Villarante, and Pierre Morissens. "The Equity and Poverty Impacts of Aquaculture: Insights from the Philippines." Development Policy Review 25, no. 4 (June 11, 2007): 495–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2007.00382.x.

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Rapera, Corazon L. "Linking the trends in material flows with poverty in The Philippines." International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 5, no. 3/4 (2005): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgenvi.2005.007991.

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Pertierra, Anna Cristina. "Televisual experiences of poverty and abundance: Entertainment television in the Philippines." Australian Journal of Anthropology 29, no. 1 (December 17, 2017): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/taja.12261.

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Frederico, Margarita, Steven Muncy, Valdimir Hernandez, and Efrenlito Cabbigat. "Addressing the Multidimensional Impact of Child Poverty: A Model Programme in Pasay City, Philippines." Children Australia 40, no. 1 (March 2015): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2014.44.

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Living in poverty has lifelong consequences for children. In response to the obvious needs of highly vulnerable, impoverished children and youth in its neighbourhood, Community and Family Services International (CFSI) commenced the Park Avenue Initiative (PAI) which was aimed at addressing the impact of poverty through promoting and testing community-based initiatives in child protection, youth development, and opportunity-creation. Building upon research into the reproductive health (RH) practices of young people in the area, the PAI was expanded to include a new programme addressing RH and the high risk sexual behaviours engaged in by many youth. This article critically examines how poverty is impacting on children. It presents the PAI RH approach as an example of a programme which addresses many of the multiple risks poverty presents for children. The PAI RH programme takes a holistic perspective to address the co-morbidity of poverty risk factors. The programme works with children, their families and the community. The article concludes that programmes need to take an integrated approach to address the multidimensions of poverty and engage with children and their families in actions which are aimed at building individual resilience and strengthening communities.

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Robie, David. "EDITORIAL: Killing the messenger." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 24, no. 2 (November 2, 2018): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v24i2.464.

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The statistics globally are chilling. And the Asia-Pacific region bears the brunt of the killing of journalists with impunity disproportionately. Revelations in research published in this edition of Pacific Journalism Review on the trauma experienced by television journalists in the Philippines covering President Rodrigo Duterte’s so-called ‘war on drugs’, or as many describe it, a ‘war on poverty’, with more that 12,000 dead is deeply disturbing (Amnesty International, 2017). While these deaths, allegedly mostly extrajudicial killings, do not relate directly to the murders of journalists, the highest death toll ever of journalists in a mass execution took place in the southern Philippines almost nine years ago.

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Ting, Frederic Ivan Leong, Louis Mervyn Banua Leones, Abigail Sy Chan, and Jorge Garcia Ignacio. "The pink vans: Bringing cancer screening closer to home." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e14021-e14021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e14021.

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e14021 Background: A global survey reported that among 15 Asian countries, the Philippines has the highest breast cancer mortality rate and the lowest mortality-to-incidence ratio. This may be due to the fact that majority of breast cancers are diagnosed in locally advanced or metastatic stages among low- and middle-income countries. Studies show that in the Philippines more than half (53%) of patients with breast cancer were diagnosed at stages III and IV, while only 2-3% of cases were treated at Stage I. This translates to a dismal 58.6 % 5-year survival rate. Furthermore, socioeconomic factors were identified as one of the major causes for the lack of access to early detection and treatment. These include lower educational level, higher poverty rates, inadequate or no health insurance, lack of transportation, and/or the unavailability of health services in far-flung areas. These findings are currently of urgent national concern since the improvements in breast cancer survival rates brought by advances in treatments are mainly dependent on early detection, screening and timely treatment. Methods: In response to this gap in the delivery of services to promote early cancer detection, the University of the Philippines – Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) Cancer Institute established the Mobile Breast Cancer Diagnostic Clinic Program, a first in the country where two fully equipped “pink” vans are sent out to far flung areas and provide breast cancer screening and diagnostic services (eg. Mammogram, breast ultrasound, biopsies of suspicious masses, etc). These vans are manned by medical and surgical oncologists, and various paramedical professionals. Results: In the first 6 months of the program, the “pink” vans were able to visit 3 strategically identified areas in the country. These three tours have served a total of 189 women who all underwent screening mammography. 18 had their suspicious lesions biopsied, and two-thirds of which were found to be malignant. These patients were then referred to our institution for further work-up and management. Conclusions: As the Philippine health department continues to emphasize clinical and self-breast exam as part of its breast cancer control program, efforts like the UP-PGH “Pink Vans” may eventually help supplement the gap in the country’s breast cancer screening endeavors with the goal of improving survival by identifying the disease at its earliest stage.

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Hechanova, Ma Regina M. "Development of Community-Based Mental Health Interventions in The Philippines: An Ecological Perspective." Psychological Research on Urban Society 2, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/proust.v2i1.41.

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Although urbanization is linked to modernization and economic growth, it is also associated with overcrowding, population density, poverty, inadequate social services, and violence, all of which put the urban poor at risk of environmental health problems and other dangers. Moreover, experiences of environmental and psychological adversity increase vulnerability to mental health disorders. Unfortunately, in low resource countries, mental health treatment is largely inaccessible to the poor. This paper describes the challenges in the development and implementation of community-based mental health interventions in the Philippines. It summarizes the internal and external resilience factors and vulnerabilities of clients. It also highlights the key drivers and barriers to establishing community-based mental health interventions in the Philippines.

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Salvador, Jordan Tovera, Ben Ryan Jucay Sauce, Marc Oneel Castillo Alvarez, and Ahrjaynes Balanag Rosario. "The Phenomenon of Teenage Pregnancy in the Philippines." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 32 (November 30, 2016): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n32p173.

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Teenage Pregnancy had been a worldwide issue, and has raised large numbers of campaigns and awareness to lessen its occurrence. The total number of this phenomenon is increasing each year. Philippines is one of the Asian countries which shares similar situation. In a study conducted by the National Demographic and Health Survey in 2013, one out of every young Filipino women age 15 to 19 is already a mother or pregnant with a first child. Therefore, the government in partnership with the different nongovernment agencies should exert efforts in resolving this issue. Teenage Pregnancies are often associated with social development issues such as lack of sufficient education and poverty. This often results to single parenthood which catalyzes conditions that renders the mothers to become irresponsible. Hence, it conveys a social stigma in various countries and cultures. This study would like to focus on exploring the lived experiences of Filipino teenage mothers in their pre and post-natal stage on how they prepare and accept their new roles as mothers. The gathered data from the methods were analyzed and interpreted according to qualitative content analysis. As a result, this generated emergent themes which depicted the experiences of the participants.

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Amacher, Gregory S., Wilfrido Cruz, Donald Grebner, and William F. Hyde. "Environmental Motivations for Migration: Population Pressure, Poverty, and Deforestation in the Philippines." Land Economics 74, no. 1 (February 1998): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3147215.

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Cororaton, Caesar B., and John Cockburn. "Trade reform and poverty—Lessons from the Philippines: A CGE-microsimulation analysis." Journal of Policy Modeling 29, no. 1 (January 2007): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.07.006.

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