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Journal articles on the topic 'Poverty Reduction – Brazil'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Harrison, G. W. "Trade Policy and Poverty Reduction in Brazil." World Bank Economic Review 18, no. 3 (2004): 289–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhh043.

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2

Souza, Helson Gomes de, Francisco José Silva Tabosa, Jair Andrade de Araújo, and Pablo Urano de Carvalho Castelar. "A spatial analysis of how growth and inequality affect poverty in Brazil." Revista de Administração Pública 55, no. 2 (2021): 459–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220190349.

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Abstract This research seeks to analyze the impacts of economic growth and income inequality on Brazilian states’ urban and rural poverty, considering the effects of the initial levels of development and inequality. The elasticities of income and inequality of poverty were calculated through a dynamic spatial panel, using an adaptation of the approach developed by Kalwij and Verschoor (2004), and data from 2004 to 2014. Incorporating the spatial factor allows us to capture the effects of the geographical location on local poverty. The results suggest that a poverty reduction occurs more intens

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3

Torres, Marcelo de O., Stephen A. Vosti, Marco P. Maneta, et al. "Spatial patterns of rural poverty: an exploratory analysis in the São Francisco River Basin, Brazil." Nova Economia 21, no. 1 (2011): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-63512011000100002.

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This paper uses recently released município-level data on rural poverty in Brazil to identify and analyze spatial patterns of rural poverty in the São Francisco River Basin (SFRB). Moran's I statistics are generated and used to test for spatial autocorrelation, and to prepare cluster maps that locate rural poverty 'hot spots' and 'cold spots'. Our results indicate that poverty reduction policies in the SFRB should take into account the spatial distribution of poverty. Not only is poverty in the SFRB clustered spatially, but the bulk of the basin's poor resides in municípios that comprise the p

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4

Medeiros, Marcelo, Rogério J. Barbosa, and Flavio Carvalhaes. "Educational expansion, inequality and poverty reduction in Brazil: A simulation study." Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 66 (April 2020): 100458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2019.100458.

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5

Ravallion, M. "A Comparative Perspective on Poverty Reduction in Brazil, China, and India." World Bank Research Observer 26, no. 1 (2010): 71–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkp031.

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6

Massarova, Alena, and Maria Potapenko. "Approaches to poverty measurement in BRICS: a reflection on economic reality (the case of Brazil, China and Russia)." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 42, no. 42 (2018): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2018-0038.

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Abstract Poverty eradication is an urgent task set by the world community in the Millennium Development Goals. Studying the success of Brazil, China and Russia as regional leaders in reducing poverty is of great scientific and practical interest for economic geographers in terms of typological peculiarities as well as the approaches and tools used. The article highlights the main features of modern countries’ social and economic development which contributed to poverty reduction or inhibited the process in the past several decades. It reveals the similarities and differences in the approaches

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7

Sotomayor, Orlando. "Growth with reduction in poverty and inequality: did Brazil show the way?" Journal of Economic Inequality 17, no. 4 (2019): 521–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10888-019-09418-6.

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Cai, Yixia, and Timothy Smeeding. "Deep and Extreme Child Poverty in Rich and Poor Nations: Lessons from Atkinson for the Fight Against Child Poverty." Italian Economic Journal 6, no. 1 (2019): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40797-019-00116-w.

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Abstract The paper documents child poverty levels and trends using both relative (‘deep’) and absolute (‘extreme’) measures in two clusters: Anglo-Saxon high-income countries and upper middle-income countries. We also investigate the influence of different components of household income and other resources on child deep-poverty rates to examine the role of the market and the redistributive effects that materialize through private transfers, public benefits, and tax systems on generating poverty reduction. Overall, middle-income nations have witnessed continuous reductions in their extreme chil

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9

Dabrowski de Flores, Bettina. "Combating Poverty as a Main Challenge of Sustainable Development: The Case of Brazil’s Bolsa Família." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 1 (November 29, 2018): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2018.1.5.

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Brazil’s conditional cash transfer Bolsa Família is one of the largest poverty reduction policies worldwide, providing cash transfers to poor households on the condition of fulfilment of a series of health and schooling requirements. Bolsa Família helps 13.8 million families or 25% of the total population. Since its launch in 2003 results are the following: poverty in Brazil has notably decreased; three million people left poverty and four million are no longer indigent; the Gini coefficient and Human Development Index has improved. Therefore, Brazil has implemented a policy in the realm of su

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10

Burton, Guy. "An End to Poverty in Brazil? An Assessment of the Lula and Rousseff Governments' Poverty Reduction and Elimination Strategies." Journal of Policy Practice 12, no. 3 (2013): 194–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15588742.2013.796203.

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11

Litschig, Stephan, and Kevin M. Morrison. "The Impact of Intergovernmental Transfers on Education Outcomes and Poverty Reduction." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5, no. 4 (2013): 206–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.5.4.206.

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This paper provides regression discontinuity evidence on development impacts of intergovernmental transfers. Extra transfers in Brazil increased local government spending per capita by about 20 percent over a 4 year period with no evidence of crowding out own revenue or other revenue sources. Schooling per capita increased by about 7 percent and literacy rates by about 4 percentage points. In line with the effect on human capital, the poverty rate was reduced by about 4 percentage points. Somewhat noisier results also suggest that the reelection probability of local incumbent parties in the 19

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12

Chappell, M. Jahi, Hannah Wittman, Christopher M. Bacon, et al. "Food sovereignty: an alternative paradigm for poverty reduction and biodiversity conservation in Latin America." F1000Research 2 (November 6, 2013): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-235.v1.

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Strong feedback between global biodiversity loss and persistent, extreme rural poverty are major challenges in the face of concurrent food, energy, and environmental crises. This paper examines the role of industrial agricultural intensification and market integration as exogenous socio-ecological drivers of biodiversity loss and poverty traps in Latin America. We then analyze the potential of a food sovereignty framework, based on protecting the viability of a diverse agroecological matrix while supporting rural livelihoods and global food production. We review several successful examples of

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13

Amuka, Joseph I., Fredrick O. Asogwa, Anthony O. Agu, and Chukwuma C. Ugwu. "The Determinants of Pro-Poor Growth: Evidence from Brazil." American International Journal of Business and Management Studies 1, no. 2 (2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46545/aijbms.v1i2.108.

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Pro-poor growth is good for poverty eradication if it can be achieved. Brazil is a good example of a country where growth was pro-poor between 1981 and 2014 but the pro-poor growth was reversed in 2015. The paper examined what led to pro-poor growth between 1981 and 2014 and what may have been responsible for the reversal in 2015. The dynamic ordinary least squares method was used to analyse Brazilian data from World Bank Development Indicators between 1981 and 2014 for the determinant of pro-poor growth. Regression analysis shows that job creation was responsible for the pro-poor growth betwe

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14

Palacio Chaverra, Andrés Fernando, and Igor Martins. "What Caused Poverty Reduction In Brazil During The 2000s: Sectoral Growth Or Public Expenditures." OASIS, no. 31 (November 12, 2019): 185–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.18601/16577558.n31.11.

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Qué causó la disminución de la pobreza en Brasil durante la primera década del siglo 21 es la pregunta principal en este estudio. Nuestra contribución radica en incorporar una perspectiva de cambio estructural para evaluar la evolución de la pobreza en un contexto de altos precios en la agricultura y decentralización de la política social a nivel federal, estatal y municipal. Presentamos, entonces, un modelo de primeras diferencias para captar los efectos de ingreso medio por sectores y de gasto público descentralizado, sin ningun afán de comprobar causalidad. Confirmamos hallazgos previos e

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15

Paiva, Luis Henrique. "Poverty and Inequality Reduction in Brazil – A Parenthesis in History or the Road Ahead?" Iberoamericana – Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies 45, no. 1 (2016): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.16993/iberoamericana.4.

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Rebehy, Perla Calil Pongeluppe Wadhy, André Lucirton Costa, Carlos A. G. B. Campello, Diego de Freitas Espinoza, and Miguel João Neto. "Innovative social business of selective waste collection in Brazil: Cleaner production and poverty reduction." Journal of Cleaner Production 154 (June 2017): 462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.173.

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17

Rocha, Sonia. "Poverty upsurge in 2015 and the rising trend in regional and age inequality among the poor in Brazil." Nova Economia 29, no. 1 (2019): 249–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/3992.

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Summary The aim of this article is threefold. Firstly, to present income-based poverty and extreme poverty indicators for 2015, when the macroeconomic crisis led to a generalized deterioration affecting all areas and regions. The second aim is to discuss long-term evolution, emphasizing the period since 2004, when sustained improvement of income indicators as well as convergence of regional and area results began. Considering the period from 2004 to 2014/2015, the third aim is to show that the reduction in poverty and extreme poverty was parallel to increased inequality in poverty regarding tw

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18

Khan, Aliya H., and Ali Shan Azhar. "Decomposition of Changes in Poverty Measures: Sectoral and Institutional Considerations for the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 42, no. 4II (2003): 879–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i4iipp.879-892.

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Two extremely significant empirical questions on the relationship between growth, distribution and poverty have remained the focus of attention for researchers and academicians. First, how does a change in aggregate poverty reflect intrasectoral gains/losses versus intersectoral shifts in population? Second, how much of an observed change in poverty can be attributed to the changes in the distribution of income, as distinct from growth in average incomes? Standard inequality measures like the Gini coefficient can be misleading in this context. At any rate, the change in an inequality measure c

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19

Ingram, Matthew C., and Marcelo Marchesini da Costa. "A Spatial Analysis of Homicide Across Brazil’s Municipalities." Homicide Studies 21, no. 2 (2016): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767916666603.

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Examining homicide across Brazil’s 5,562 municipalities, we find that violence nearby has a positive effect on local violence (diffusion effect), violence exerts an unusual negative spatial effect in small clusters of communities in northeastern Brazil, and a prominent poverty-reduction program (Bolsa Família [BF]) has mixed effects. The spatial dimensions of violence complement existing non-spatial research on violence in Brazil, and the results regarding BF offer a spatial complement to research on conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs, clarifying the sources of violence in Latin America’

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20

Santos, Vladimir Faria dos, and Wilson da Cruz Vieira. "Effects of growth and reduction of income inequality on poverty in Northeastern Brazil, 2003-2008." Economia Aplicada 17, no. 4 (2013): 647–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-80502013000400006.

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21

Jones, Hayley. "More Education, Better Jobs? A Critical Review of CCTs and Brazil's Bolsa Família Programme for Long-Term Poverty Reduction." Social Policy and Society 15, no. 3 (2016): 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746416000087.

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Conditional cash transfers have come to play a prominent role in the social policy landscape in Latin America and especially in Brazil in recent years. Evaluations of their impacts, however, have focused on limited short-term outcomes, particularly consumption and school enrolment and attendance rates. Long-term outcomes have received comparatively little attention. This article reviews the existing evidence on the long-term impacts of CCTs, focusing on the underlying assumptions in the CCT model for intergenerational poverty reduction. In doing so, it questions the notion that CCTs can indeed

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22

Deveaux, Monique. "Poor-Led Social Movements and Global Justice." Political Theory 46, no. 5 (2018): 698–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591718776938.

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Political philosophers’ prescriptions for poverty alleviation have overlooked the importance of social movements led by, and for, the poor in the global South. I argue that these movements are normatively and politically significant for poverty reduction strategies and global justice generally. While often excluded from formal political processes, organized poor communities nonetheless lay the groundwork for more radical, pro-poor forms of change through their grassroots resistance and organizing. Poor-led social movements politicize poverty by insisting that, fundamentally, it is caused by so

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23

Tirmazee, Zunia Saif, and Maryiam Haroon. "Growth in Pakistan: Inclusive or Not?" Pakistan Development Review 54, no. 4I-II (2015): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v54i4i-iipp.335-350.

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Cross country evidences reveal that Asian countries have experienced rapid growth over the last two decades. The increase in growth is accompanied with reduction in poverty from 1990 to 2001 as the number of individuals living below the poverty line has decreased over the time period [ADB (2006)]. Growth is considered to be a necessary condition for reduction in poverty but growth does not necessarily imply that it will lead to improvement in living standards of every one. Growth does benefit and improve standards of living but it may lead to increase in inequality if it leads to increase in b

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24

Bauer, Annette, Ricardo Araya Baltra, Mauricio Avendano Pabon, et al. "Examining the dynamics between young people’s mental health, poverty and life chances in six low- and middle-income countries: protocol for the CHANCES-6 study." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 56, no. 9 (2021): 1687–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02043-7.

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Abstract Purpose Poverty and poor mental health are closely related and may need to be addressed together to improve the life chances of young people. There is currently little evidence about the impact of poverty-reduction interventions, such as cash transfer programmes, on improved youth mental health and life chances. The aim of the study (CHANCES-6) is to understand the impact and mechanisms of such programmes. Methods CHANCES-6 will employ a combination of quantitative, qualitative and economic analyses. Secondary analyses of longitudinal datasets will be conducted in six low- and middle-

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25

Escobar, Arturo. "Development, trans/modernities, and the politics of theory." Focaal 2008, no. 52 (2008): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2008.520109.

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Five or ten years from now, the performance of the allegedly leftist regimes in Latin America (particularly those of Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia and, to varying degrees, those of Argentina, Paraguay, Nicaragua, Chile, Uruguay, and Brazil) will be assessed in terms of the extent to which they were able to bring about a reduction of poverty, sustained rates of growth, and a measure of democratization in their countries, including less inequality and more inclusive policies, particularly toward ethnic minorities.

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Ribeiro, Marilda Rosado de Sá, and Carolina Araújo de Azevedo. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORRUPTION AND FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN BRAZIL: SOME RESPONSES AGAINST CORRUPTION." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 1, no. 1 (2018): 39–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v1i1.34358.

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Mobilizing investment and ensuring that it contributes to sustainable development should be one of the priority targets for all countries. The financial-economic market growth is one of the key features of contemporary society, where social, political, and economic activities easily acquire worldwide dimension. Investment Law focuses various aspects of such drives, among other rule of law in different jurisdictions which faces recent developments, as well as multilateral agreements and the soft law that serves as a background for legal transplants and innovation. The analysis made by investors

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Ribeiro, Marilda Rosado de Sá, and Carolina Araújo de Azevedo. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORRUPTION AND FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN BRAZIL: SOME RESPONSES AGAINST CORRUPTION." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 1, no. 1 (2018): 39–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v1i1.p39-72.

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Mobilizing investment and ensuring that it contributes to sustainable development should be one of the priority targets for all countries. The financial-economic market growth is one of the key features of contemporary society, where social, political, and economic activities easily acquire worldwide dimension. Investment Law focuses various aspects of such drives, among other rule of law in different jurisdictions which faces recent developments, as well as multilateral agreements and the soft law that serves as a background for legal transplants and innovation. The analysis made by investors

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Ribeiro, Marilda Rosado de Sá, and Carolina Araújo de Azevedo. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORRUPTION AND FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN BRAZIL: SOME RESPONSES AGAINST CORRUPTION." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 1, no. 1 (2018): 39–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.y1n1.p39-72.

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Mobilizing investment and ensuring that it contributes to sustainable development should be one of the priority targets for all countries. The financial-economic market growth is one of the key features of contemporary society, where social, political, and economic activities easily acquire worldwide dimension. Investment Law focuses various aspects of such drives, among other rule of law in different jurisdictions which faces recent developments, as well as multilateral agreements and the soft law that serves as a background for legal transplants and innovation. The analysis made by investors

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29

Alves, Luciana Correia, and Natália Martins Arruda. "Socioeconomic differentials and disease-free life expectancy of the elderly in Brazil." International Journal of Population Studies 3, no. 1 (2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijps.2017.01.001.

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The objective of this study was to estimate life expectancy with and without a specific chronic disease among the Brazilian elderly population, by sex and socioeconomic factors, for the years 1998 and 2008. Life expectancy with and without hypertension, diabetes, bronchitis/asthma, and heart disease were calculated using the Sullivan method and prevalence estimates from data collected in the two years through the Brazilian National Household Survey (PNAD). Hypertension was the chronic disease with the largest effect on life expectancy. Among socioeconomic determinants, education proved more re

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30

Krasilshchikov, Victor A. "Brazil: From Successes to the Systemic Crisis." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 10, no. 4 (2017): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2017-10-4-114-129.

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The paper focuses on the socioecnomic development of Brazil from the mid-1990s up today. The author puts a special attention to the process of deindustrialisation, which has been expressed in the diminishing share of manufacturing industry in GDP, employment and the structure of goods’ export whereas the role of the primary sector increases in economy and the external trade. The paper scrutinises the achievements of Brazil in reduction of poverty and social inequality, in development of education and enlargement of the social mobility’s channels. At the same time, the author argues that the mo

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Durante, Luciane Cleonice, Onélia Carmem Rossetto, Giseli Dalla Nora, Paulo Cesar Venere, Olivan da Silva Rabelo, and Raoni Florentino da Silva Teixeira. "Environmental impacts and infrastructure in Agrarian Reform settlements in Minas Gerais, Brazil." Sustentabilidade em Debate 11, no. 3 (2020): 445–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v11n3.2020.26653.

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The existence of adequate infrastructure aims to meet the basic human needs, contributing to local development, poverty reduction and social inequalities. The aim of this article is to analyze the potential environmental impacts arising from infrastructure conditions in agrarian reform settlements in the State of Minas Gerais - Brazil. The methodology is based on the Leopold Matrix, which considers the environmental components: water pollution, soil degradation, land use and quality of life, in a sample of 1,270 lots. The variables analyzed were: water supply; sanitation; disposal of wastewate

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Durante, Luciane Cleonice, Onélia Carmem Rossetto, Giseli Dalla Nora, Paulo Cesar Venere, Olivan da Silva Rabelo, and Raoni Florentino da Silva Teixeira. "Environmental impacts and infrastructure in Agrarian Reform settlements in Minas Gerais, Brazil." Sustentabilidade em Debate 11, no. 3 (2020): 445–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v11n3.2020.26653.

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The existence of adequate infrastructure aims to meet the basic human needs, contributing to local development, poverty reduction and social inequalities. The aim of this article is to analyze the potential environmental impacts arising from infrastructure conditions in agrarian reform settlements in the State of Minas Gerais - Brazil. The methodology is based on the Leopold Matrix, which considers the environmental components: water pollution, soil degradation, land use and quality of life, in a sample of 1,270 lots. The variables analyzed were: water supply; sanitation; disposal of wastewate

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Fonseca Travassos, Guilherme, Alexandre Bragança Coelho, and Mary Paula Arends-Kuenning. "The elderly in Brazil: demographic transition, profile, and socioeconomic condition." Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 37 (October 28, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0129.

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This paper presents a revision about the elderly population in Brazil, addressing aspects of the demographic transition as it relates to socio-economic conditions and some consequences and trends associated with policies affecting Brazil’s elderly. Since a demographic transition has been occurring as a result of the aging of the Brazilian population, we identify a majority profile of Brazilian elderly as White women who live in urban areas in couple-without-children households, and possessing on average an education of 6.1 years and a smaller than minimum wage. We show that the vast majority o

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Aransiola, Temidayo James, and Marcelo Justus. "Evolution of child labor rate in Brazilian states: policy limits and contradictions." Economia e Sociedade 29, no. 1 (2020): 273–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-3533.2020v29n1art10.

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Abstract This study descriptively explores the evolution of child labor rates in Brazilian states from 2000 to 2014 and indicates specific limits and contradictions of governmental measures adopted for its reduction. On one hand, we examine the coverage of the Bolsa Família conditional cash transfer (PBF), which is a transversal program to reduce poverty. On the other hand, we examine the design of Labor Inspections with a focus on child labor. For this, we used data from the National Household Sample Survey, the Ministry of Social Development and the Ministry of Labor and Employment. Our anal

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Cavalcanti, Tiago, Daniel Da Mata, and Marcelo Santos. "On the Determinants of Slum Formation." Economic Journal 129, no. 621 (2019): 1971–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12626.

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Abstract We construct a simple model of a city with heterogeneous agents and housing choice to explain the determinants of slums, home to about one-third of the urban population in developing countries. The model supports the main empirical evidence regarding slum formation and is able quantitatively to assess the role of each determinant of slum growth. We show that urban poverty, inequality and rural–urban migration explain much of the variation in slum growth in Brazil from 1980 to 2000. Ex ante evaluation of the impacts of policy interventions shows that removing barriers to formalisation

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Igbatayo, Samuel A., and Bosede Olanike Awoyemi. "Exploring Inclusive Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategies in the BRICS Economies: A Multi-Country Study Of Brazil, China and South Africa." IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance 5, no. 6 (2014): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/5933-05615468.

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Bertranou, Fabio M., Wouter van Ginneken, and Carmen Solorio. "The impact of tax-financed pensions on poverty reduction in Latin America: Evidence from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay." International Social Security Review 57, no. 4 (2004): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-246x.2004.00200.x.

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Fonseca, David S. "Expansion, standardization, and densification of the criminal justice apparatus: Recent developments in Brazil." Punishment & Society 20, no. 3 (2017): 329–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474517694504.

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The democratic transition in Brazil witnessed the return of civil liberties and the emergence of a legal framework based upon respect for human rights and the adoption of extensive social entitlements. In recent years, the reduction of poverty and upward social mobility have also transformed the country’s social structure. In spite of these welcome changes, however, crime and prison rates went through a steep upsurge during the same period, undermining many of these more positive social changes. A number of reasons underlie the emergence of this predicament, ranging from large structural shift

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Zanini, Roselaine Ruviaro, Anaelena Bragança de Moraes, Elsa Regina Justo Giugliani, and João Riboldi. "Infant mortality trends in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 1994-2004: a multilevel analysis of individual and community risk factors." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 25, no. 5 (2009): 1035–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2009000500010.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in infant mortality rates in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1994 to 2004, in a longitudinal ecological study, by means of panel data analysis and multilevel linear regression (two levels: microregion and time) to estimate factors associated with infant mortality. The infant mortality rate decreased from 19.2‰ (1994) to 13.7‰ (2004) live births, and the principal causes of death in the last five years were perinatal conditions (54.1%). Approximately 47% of the variation in mortality occurred in the microregions, and a 10% increase in

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Gomes, Cristina. "Capacity Development and Policies to Reduce Poverty in Latin America." Public Administration Research 8, no. 2 (2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/par.v8n2p24.

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This article aims to analyze some of the government experiences to promote the management capacities of public officials in poverty reduction policies &ndash; in particular, the Conditional Cash Transfer Programs (CCTP) of four countries: Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and the Dominican Republic. The methodology includes a bibliographic review and the analysis of government documents such as plans and reports on capacity development for the CCTPs&rsquo; officials, and interviews with groups with the managers responsible for the training in each country, performed via Skype or telephone. Base

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Leubolt, Bernhard. "One or two nation projects? Discourse on inequalities and equality-related policies in South Africa and Brazil." Revista de Sociologia e Política 23, no. 55 (2015): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-987315235503.

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AbstractThis contribution focuses on the social production and reproduction of social inequalities in Brazil and South Africa. It aims at interlinking different theoretical perspectives and applying them to a comparative analysis of inequality-related policies. Resorting to strategic-relational institutionalism, the historical heritage of discourse formation and the institutionalization of inequality regimes in the two countries to inform the analysis of the more recent conjuncture will be analysed. While South Africa is an example of formal racist discrimination, the Brazilian inequality regi

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Claudia Cifali, Ana, and Rodrigo Ghiringhelli De Azevedo. "Public Security, Criminal Policy and Sentencing in Brazil during the Lula and Dilma Governments, 2003-2014: Changes and Continuities." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 6, no. 1 (2017): 146–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v6i1.392.

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Since mid-1980s crime rates in Brazil started to increase with the transition from military dictatorship to democracy, a period marked by the rise of poverty and hyperinflation. Given levels of police corruption and protection of criminal gangs, trust in the criminal justice system was low, leading to a heightened dependence on private security, gated communities and the politicisation of law and order politics. An impressive punitive turn began at in the 1990s. This paper analysed penal policies under successive left-wing Lula and Dilma governments from 2003 to 2014. During this period the ri

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PIERDONÁ, Zelia Luiza, Andre Studart LEITÃO, and Emmanuel Teófilo FURTADO FILHO. "PRIMEIRO, O BÁSICO. DEPOIS, O RESTO: O DIREITO À RENDA BÁSICA." Revista Juridica 2, no. 55 (2019): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revistajur.2316-753x.v2i55.3401.

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RESUMO Um dos objetivos da República Federativa do Brasil é a erradicação da pobreza e a redução dos desníveis socioeconômicos. Segundo a atual conjuntura pátria, o compromisso constitucional, ao mesmo tempo em que configura uma pauta social inescapável, pode ser considerado um desafio de difícil realização. Existe um grave problema de genética social, cuja superação depende da desparametrização da igualdade, da desconstrução do individualismo jurídico, do fortalecimento da solidariedade e da veiculação harmoniosa de diversas políticas públicas de focalização específica. Este ensaio não preten

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Bellini, Maria Isabel Barros, and Rodollfo de Bellini e Soares. "Risk of Retrogression in Social Rights and Reduction of Brazilian Public Policies." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (2019): s94—s95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001961.

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Introduction:Brazil has 200 million descendants of African, Portuguese, Indigenous, German, Italian, and other peoples who have built their identities. The Federal Constitution was rewritten in 1988 to include a Social Protection System. Between 2000 and 2016, the federal government was governed by the Workers’ Party. This party invested in the creation of inclusive public policies and affirmative actions built through collective processes of citizenship that guaranteed better living conditions for the population. In one decade, it went from being underdeveloped to developing. In 2016, the ele

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Filgueira, João Maria, Amaro Olimpio Pereira Júnior, Renato Samuel Barbosa de Araújo, and Neilton Fidelis da Silva. "Economic and Social Impacts of the Oil Industry on the Brazilian Onshore." Energies 13, no. 8 (2020): 1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081922.

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Oil wealth can foster social inequality if not properly managed. This is due to the migration of production factors from different economic activities to the oil sector. As a result, unemployment, poverty, political instability, a reduction in development, among other undesirable effects on society, may arise. With that in mind, this research evaluates the government’s role in the socioeconomic development of the oil producing municipalities in Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), the largest onshore producer in Brazil. The research uses panel regression as it allows broad analyses of the space and

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Matos, A. M. F., A. C. O. Coelho, L. P. T. Araújo, et al. "Assessing epidemiology of leprosy and socio-economic distribution of cases." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 14 (2018): 1750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818001814.

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AbstractLeprosy still represents a serious health problem in a number of countries, including Brazil. Although leprosy has been associated with poverty for a long time, it is still difficult to accurately define this relationship. Here, we evaluated in an endemic municipality the progress from 1995 to 2015 of epidemiological indicators to establish if there were any strong associations between social indicators and the occurrence of leprosy. An ecological study was conducted using the SINAN database (Brazilian leprosy-national notifiable diseases information system) in combination with georefe

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Feld, Hartley, Janeth Ceballos Osorio, Marisol Bahamonde, Thomas Young, Pablo Boada, and Mary Kay Rayens. "Poverty and Paternal Education Associated With Infant Safe Sleep Intentions in a Peri-Urban Community in Ecuador." Global Pediatric Health 8 (January 2021): 2333794X2110441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x211044112.

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Ecuador’s annual mortality rate from SIDS is 0.4 per 100 000 people, 4 times higher than neighboring countries Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. Modifying the infant sleep environment toward safe practice has been demonstrated to be the most effective risk reduction strategy in reducing mortality from SIDS and little is known about sleep practices in Ecuador. The purpose of this study is to describe baseline infant sleep intentions of pregnant women in a peri-urban, low resource community in Ecuador. We also aim to identify demographic and psychosocial factors associated with suboptimal sleep practic

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Mejía, Juan Carlos Urueña, and Estefany Gil. "Financial Inclusion in Latin America 2007 - 2015: Evidence using Panel Data Analysis." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 5 (2018): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0155.

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Abstract Financial Inclusion plays an important role in terms of economic growth and poverty reduction owing to inequality, therefore, it is a key aspect of public policy in many governments. This study explores those variables that influence financial inclusion in some Latin American countries, through the use of the panel data econometric technique, based on information provided by the World Bank's Global Findex, and the Statistical Yearbook of the World Bank. ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America), during the period between 2007 and 2015. The sample includes 7 countries, namely, Arge

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Tiwari, T., L. Jamieson, J. Broughton, et al. "Reducing Indigenous Oral Health Inequalities: A Review from 5 Nations." Journal of Dental Research 97, no. 8 (2018): 869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518763605.

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Indigenous populations around the world experience a disproportionate burden in terms of oral diseases and conditions. These inequalities are likely due to a complex web of social determinants that includes poverty, historical consequences of colonialism, social exclusion, government policies of assimilation, cultural annihilation, and racism in all its forms (societal, institutional). Despite documented oral health disparities, prevention interventions have been scarce in Indigenous communities. This review describes oral health interventions and their outcomes conducted for Indigenous popula

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Souza, Talita Araujo de, and Fábia Barbosa de Andrade. "Implementation of the pact for health in Brazil: what changes did it bring to child mortality?" Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences 42 (July 17, 2020): e48889. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v42i1.48889.

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This study aimed to verify the association of social inequalities with infant mortality rate so as to infer what has changed in Brazil with the implementation of the Pact for Life. This was an epidemiological ecological study of the time series type with spatial correlation carried out through the Mortality Information System, considering the years from 1996 to 2016. For the development and analysis of the data, the 161 Intermediate Regions of Urban Articulation were considered. The infant mortality coefficient in the years studied was the dependent variable, and as independent variables, the

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