Academic literature on the topic 'Poverty – Swaziland'
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Journal articles on the topic "Poverty – Swaziland"
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Catherine Khumalo, Lindiwe, Emmanuel Mutambara, and Akwesi Assensoh-Kodua. "Relationship between inflation and interest rates in Swaziland revisited." Banks and Bank Systems 12, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(4-1).2017.10.
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The stability of economies all over the world over is largely a function of inflation and interest rates. Over the past two decades, Swaziland’s economy experienced increasing inflation and interest rates with the blame leveled against the absolute Monarchy’s inability to manage the economy. In particular, the period of 2010 to 2014 was the hardest hit because of increasing poverty levels. The purpose of the study was therefore to assess the relationship between inflation and interest rates in the context of Swaziland with a view to constructing fiscal and monetary policies capable of driving an efficient economy going forward. The study employed a confirmatory and quantitative approach based on a review of secondary data over the period. The source and description of data included quarterly based data within the 2010–2014 period comprising information on interest rate, gross domestic product and inflation figures from the Central Bank of Swaziland, the national library, and the Central Statistical Department of Swaziland. A descriptive approach, using Microsoft excel, was used to analyze the data. The study findings showed that there was positive relationship between interest rates and inflation. Recommendations were that, Swaziland could craft appropriate fiscal and monetary policies towards controlling the prevailing economic challenges despite the peculiar socio-political nature where the absolute Monarchy holds executive authority and accountability.
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Sathiya Susuman, A. "Is Swaziland on Track with the 2015 Millennium Development Goals?" Journal of Asian and African Studies 52, no. 8 (April 13, 2016): 1117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909616643222.
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According to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) agreement, each participating country has to periodically provide a report that will show the progress on their achievement towards the goals. This article’s aim is to evaluate Swaziland’s prospects of achieving eight MDGs by 2015. This article is an analysis of the current situation of Swaziland, and the aim of this analysis is to look beyond the statistical values to see if the achievements (including lifetime achievements) are on track and whether what is yet to be achieved can really be achieved. Secondary information was collected from various sources. Several countries and organizations have committed themselves to the following eight development goals: (1) eradicate extreme poverty; (2) achieve universal primary education; (3) promote gender equality and empower women; (4) reduce child mortality; (5) improve maternal health; (6) combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; (7) ensure environmental sustainability; and (8) develop a global partnership for development. National development is dependent on many factors; therefore, different countries across the world have adopted the MDGs as means of alleviating many of the social ills hindering progress and development. Based on different sources, Swaziland is on track with its MDGs, and there is no doubt that Swaziland will continue to work hard to these ends. It has been argued that there has been progress made that has resulted in significant changes to people’s lives, but the question that has to be asked is how long these achievements can realistically last. A reduction of the rate of child mortality, maternal mortality and HIV/AIDS in Swaziland are needed.
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Mudombi, Shakespear, Graham Paul Von Maltitz, Alexandros Gasparatos, Carla Romeu-Dalmau, Francis X. Johnson, Charles Jumbe, Caroline Ochieng, et al. "Multi-dimensional poverty effects around operational biofuel projects in Malawi, Mozambique and Swaziland." Biomass and Bioenergy 114 (July 2018): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.09.003.
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Thwala, S’lungile K. "Experiences and Coping Strategies of Children From Child-Headed Households in Swaziland." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 7 (June 27, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i7.3393.
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This study investigated the experiences and coping strategies of adolescent girl learners from child-headed families in the Shiselweni region of Swaziland. Forty (40) girls whose ages ranged from 13-18 years were participants in the study and were selected through purposive sampling in five selected rural schools. Data were collected on the experiences and coping strategies of adolescent girl learners through focus group discussions and individual interviews. The data were thematically analysed. The findings suggest that these girls experience lack of food security, poverty and strained extended family relations. The girls have also shown resilience despite their adversities which they indicated have been achieved through family unity, prayer and church support as coping strategies.
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Hope, Kempe Ronald. "Implementing the Sector Wide Approach for Improved Aid and Development Effectiveness: Assessing the Swaziland Experience." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 12, no. 5-6 (2013): 622–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341279.
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Abstract This work discusses the sector wide approach (SWAP) for aid and development effectiveness and examines and analyzes the experience of Swaziland in its attempt to implement the SWAP based on an assessment of the four priority sectors (agriculture, education, health, and water and sanitation) in which they were launched. The methodology included interviews with key stakeholders in the four sectors. The work finds that, with the exception of the health SWAP, there has been very little progress in the SWAP implementation and no SWAP-related results have been delivered in support of the country’s National Development Strategy and its Poverty Reduction Strategy and Action Plan. The factors contributing to that state of affairs are also discussed and recommendations are offered on the way forward.
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Nordtveit, Bjorn Harald. "Schools as Agencies of Protection in Namibia and Swaziland: Can They Prevent Dropout and Child Labor in the Context of HIV/AIDS and Poverty?" Comparative Education Review 54, no. 2 (May 2010): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/651261.
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Shongwe, Phindile, Micah B. Masuku, and Absalom M. Manyatsi. "Cost Benefit Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Crop Production Systems: A Case of Mpolonjeni Area Development Programme (ADP) in Swaziland." Sustainable Agriculture Research 3, no. 1 (December 25, 2013): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v3n1p37.
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<p>Prolonged drought and floods as a result of climate change are a serious problem for households at Mpolonjeni ADP because their livelihood is mainly rainfedfarming. This is evident as there is high level of food insecurity, crop failure, poverty and hunger, which has forced many households to abandon farming and survive by food aid. The study was a descriptive survey aimed to identify private adaptation strategies to climate change and conduct a cost benefit analysis for the identified adaptation strategies. A stratified random samplingtechnique was used to select 350 households. Personal interviews were conducted using structured questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and cost benefit analysis where net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) were used as decision rules. Adaptation strategies used were; drought resistant varieties, switching crops, irrigation, crop rotation, mulching, minimum tillage, early planting, late planting and intercropping. Switching crops had the highest NPV, where maize (E14.40) should be substituted with drought tolerant crops such as cotton (E1864.40), sorghum (E283.30) and dry beans (E292.20). The study recommends that households should grow drought tolerant crops such as cotton, sorghum and dry beans instead of maize. The government should provide irrigation infrastructure, such as dams, strengthen extension services and subsidise farm inputs in order to improve crop production.</p>
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Masuku, Micah Bheki, and Mandla Bhekumusa Dlamini. "Profitability of Smallholder Sugarcane Farming in Swaziland: The case of Komati Downstream Development Programme (KDDP) Sugar Farmers’ Associations, 2005-2011." Sustainable Agriculture Research 2, no. 1 (August 19, 2012): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n1p8.
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<p>Smallholder sugarcane growing is central to rural development and poverty alleviation in Swaziland. The main objective of the study was to investigate the profitability of smallholder sugarcane farmers’ associations under KDDP and to explain the determinants of sugarcane profitability. The study used data from 2004/05 to 2010/11 production seasons for 15 smallholder sugarcane farmers’ associations under KDDP. A structured questionnaire was used to solicit production and financial data. Secondary data were obtained from accounting records of the farmers. The associations were purposively selected because of their experience in sugarcane production. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values were used in data analysis. The cost and returns analysis was used to assess the profitability, whilst multiple linear regression analysis was used in identifying the determinants of profitability.The associations were found to be profitable with a mean profit per hectare of E5080.00.The further results indicated that variables such as farm size, farming experience, sucrose price, labour cost per hectare and fertilizer cost per hectare significantly (p<0.01) influence the profitability of smallholder sugarcane farmers’ associations in the study area. The adjusted R<sup>2</sup> was 0.623, suggesting that about 62.3% in the variation in profit per hectare is explained by the explanatory variables. It is, therefore recommended that good crop husbandry practices like timely weeding, fertilization, and irrigation should be adopted to produce a good crop which will enhance profitability. There is need for the promotion of collective action as an institutional means to improve bargaining power of farmers, especially when procuring inputs. Collective action will enable smallholder sugarcane farmers to buy in bulk and be entitled to discounts and that can enhance sustainability of profitability of the farmers.<strong></strong></p>
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Ricci, Cristian, Hannah Asare, Janet Carboo, Cornelia Conradie, Robin Claire Dolman, and Martani Lombard. "Determinants of undernutrition prevalence in children aged 0–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015. A report from the World Bank database." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 09 (December 11, 2018): 1597–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018003415.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine undernutrition prevalence in 0–59-month-old children and its determinants during the period 2000–2015 in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignEcological study of time series prevalence of undernutrition in sub-Saharan Africa assessed from 2000 to 2015.SettingUnderweight and stunting prevalence from the World Bank database (2000–2015) were analysed. Mixed models were used to estimate prevalence of underweight and stunting. Country-specific undernutrition prevalence variation was estimated and region comparisons were performed. A meta-regression model considering health and socio-economic characteristics at country level was used to explore and estimate the contribution of different undernutrition determinants.ParticipantsCountries of sub-Saharan Africa.ResultsDuring 2000–2015, underweight prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa was heterogeneous, ranging between 7 and 40 %. On the other hand, stunting prevalence ranged between 20 and 60 %. In general, higher rates of underweight and stunting were estimated in Niger (40 %) and Burundi (58 %), respectively; while lowest rates of underweight and stunting were estimated in Swaziland (7 %) and Gabon (21 %). About 1 % undernutrition prevalence reduction per year was estimated across sub-Saharan Africa, which was not statistically significant for all countries. Health and socio-economic determinants were identified as main determinants of underweight and stunting prevalence variability in sub-Saharan Africa.ConclusionsUndernutrition represents a major public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa and its prevalence reduction during the period 2000–2015 was inconsistent. Improving water accessibility and number of medical doctors along with reducing HIV prevalence and poverty could significantly reduce undernutrition prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa
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Sam, Abdoul G., Babatunde O. Abidoye, and Sihle Mashaba. "Climate change and household welfare in sub-Saharan Africa: empirical evidence from Swaziland." Food Security, October 15, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01113-z.
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Abstract The fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and several studies suggest that climate change is expected to increase food insecurity and poverty in many parts of the world. In this paper, we adopt a microeconometric approach to empirically estimate the impact of climate change-induced hikes in cereal prices on household welfare in Swaziland (also Kingdom of Eswatini). We do so first by econometrically estimating expenditure and price elasticities of five food groups consumed by households in Swaziland using the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), based on data from the 2009/2010 Swaziland Household Income and Expenditure Survey. Second, we use the estimated expenditure and compensated elasticities from the AIDS model, food shares from the household survey, and food price projections developed by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) to estimate the proportionate increase in income required to maintain the level of household utility that would have prevailed absent an increase in food prices. Our results show increases in cereal prices due to climate change are expected to double extreme poverty in urban areas and increase poverty in rural areas of the country to staggering levels - between 71 and 75%, compared to 63% before the price changes. Income transfers of between 17.5 and 25.4% of pre-change expenditures are needed to avoid the welfare losses.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Poverty – Swaziland"
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Bhembe, Mfanzile M. "School uniforms and the human dignity of learners in Swaziland." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45874.
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The study focused on the role of members of the School Management Team (SMT) regarding
the manner in which they implement the policy on mandatory school uniform in Swaziland
schools.
The main question guiding the study was:
To what extent is the learners’ right to human dignity protected when teachers enforce
the wearing of compulsory school uniforms in Swaziland schools?
A qualitative case study approach was employed with empirical data collected using
interviews with the SMT members of three schools in the Manzini and Lubombo regions of
the Kingdom of Swaziland, as well as an analysis of each of the school official documents.
The interviews and the analysis of the documents were aimed at determining the
compliance of each school‘s strategy with the Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, and
all international conventions regarding the protection of children’s right to human dignity in
schools.
Data was analysed in accordance with acceptable procedures for processing the
qualitative data. The researcher’s conclusion based on the data gathered and from the body of
literature consulted, presented evidence that suggests that the rights of learners to human
dignity is not well-protected in the three schools that participated in the study. Poor
learners continue to suffer the humiliation of being undressed of clothing such as jerseys that
they wear to school because it is not the prescribed school uniform and is unacceptable. Some
suffer corporal punishment because their parents cannot afford to buy them the full prescribed
school uniform. Poverty remains a serious challenge to implementing the mandatory school
uniform policy.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Education Management and Policy Studies
MEd
Unrestricted
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Mutsigwa, Joseph Kudzanai. "State-business partnership in poverty reduction : a case study of three public-private partnerships in Swaziland." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1723.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.The study asserts that Swaziland’s socio-economic development challenges cannot be effectively tackled by the Government and civil society alone but requires the participation of the private sector. The study explores the prospects for collaboration between the state and business in the context of MDGs, PPPs and CSR. The study highlights the importance of the participation of beneficiaries in the design and implementation of development projects. The importance of beneficiary participation in the design and implementation of development initiatives is discussed in the context of “good governance” linked to the notion of sustainable human development. The case studies are aimed at poverty reduction/alleviation. Linkages between the private sector and SMEs in advancing broad economic growth are explored in the case studies. It is argued that economic growth is a necessary condition for creating employment and fighting poverty underpinned by the MDGs. The Moneni upgrading project (section 3.2) explores the extent the initiative aims to improve the living standards of low-income and poor communities in line with the MDGs. The STH case study (section 3.3) is a spin off from government. The STH seeks to provide a market intermediary for the SME sector particularly rural based cultural “handicraft” industries in Swaziland as way to mitigate the effects of poverty for marginalised rural producers. The last case study (section 3.4) discusses the entrepreneur of the year awards (EYA), an initiative aimed at reducing poverty and promoting local economic empowerment and sustainable development in Swaziland. The study recommended further research in view of the major constraints highlighted by the study. It was problematic to engage in critical and detailed discourse because the concepts explored by the study are new in the Swazi development context. The other dimension that compromised detailed analysis was posed by the unavailability of research data related to both the Swazi private sector and SME sectors. The majority of the SME sector operate at micro level and have insignificant economic turnover. Further studies are important to explore ways to promote linkages for growth of these sectors in the context of poverty reduction/alleviation.
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Mamba, Sipho Felix. "Drought, urban resilience and urban food security in kaKhoza, Manzini, Swaziland." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6839.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDFood security is the ability to secure an adequate daily supply of food that is affordable, hygienic and nutritious and it has become a chronic development problem in most urban areas of the global South. This thesis contributes to the urban food security debate by exploring the connection between drought and food security in urban Swaziland. Specifically, the study examines the effects of the 2015/16 drought on access to food in the informal settlement of kaKhoza in the city of Manzini. The study used climate change and food security conceptual framework to interrogate the connection between drought and food security in the urban context. The framework shows how climate change variables like extreme weather events (e.g. drought) impact food security drivers such as agricultural management, demographic, cultural and socio-economic variables, and how these drivers impact the four components of food security (food availability, access, utilization and stability of access). The study drew from both the positivistic and interpretivistic paradigms and adopted a case study approach based on the mixed methods research design. Data was collected from the informal settlement of kaKhoza using a three step procedure involving a questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. A questionnaire was administered to 145 heads of households using systematic sampling technique. Purposive sampling was employed to select 30 and 8 respondents for in-depth and key informant interviews, respectively. The researcher also engaged the observation method approach to capture additional information about effects of drought as observed in the study site. The researcher adhered to all legal and ethical procedures during the data collection and research writing processes. As such, participation in the research was strictly voluntary without any form of coercion, whatsoever. The results reveal that drought contributes to food insecurity in low income urban spaces by reducing the quantity and frequency of free or low priced rural-urban food transfers. As a result, low income households have had to rely more on food purchases, thereby making them increasingly food insecure. The problem is compounded by reverse food flows from urban to rural areas. The drought induced food price hike, compelled many low-income households to be less dependent on the supermarket as the main source of their food, and to buy increased amounts of food from the vegetable markets and tuck shops. Residents employ different coping mechanisms to deal with drought induced food shortage, some of which are too risky and further expose them to food insecurity. These coping strategies include: skipping meals, begging, use of informal credit, over reliance on informal markets and selling of sexual favours, which expose respondents to HIV and AIDS infection.
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Atkins, Stephen Lewis. "Investment decisions and rural poverty : an appraisal of the Lower Usuthu smallholder irrigation project in Swaziland." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441825.
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Howard, Serina. "Assessing the Paris Declaration: Swaziland’s Ownership over Poverty Reduction Strategies and Priorities." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4101.
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Trabalho de Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Cooperação Internacional e DesenvolvimentoA diminuição da pobreza é um dos objetivos mais importantes das políticas de desenvolvimento dos países em vias de desenvolvimento (PVD) que, todavia, está ainda longe de ser alcançado. As medidas de diminuição da pobreza, quer ao nível local quer ao nível nacional, não têm sido satisfatórias, o que remete para as ações ao nível global (WorldBank, 2001, p. vi). Nos seus esforços no sentido de aumentar a eficácia da ajuda ao desenvolvimento, os doadores de ajuda e os países recipientes estão comprometidos a conferir maior eficácia às ajudas para irem de encontro à Declaração de Paris (OECD, 2005, p. 1). A Declaração de Paris estabeleceu cinco princípios que os países doadores e os países recipientes de ajuda ao desenvolvimento devem respeitar para garantirem a eficácia da ajuda ao desenvolvimento. Também ficou estabelecido que a responsabilidade do processo de desenvolvimento pertence aos países que recebem ajuda ao desenvolvimento, o que remete para o papel de liderança e autonomia dos respetivas políticas e estratégias de desenvolvimento (OECD, 2005, p. 2). O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar os esforços empreendidos pelo governo da Suazilândia no sentido tomar a liderança das políticas e estratégias de redução da pobreza, em conformidade com a Declaração de Paris e com a Agenda de Accra. A Suazilândia é um caso cheio de complexidades pelo facto de ser classificada como país de baixo-médio rendimento e, não obstante, 69% da população viver em miséria, por ser um dos países com menor taxa de crescimento económico da região subsaariana, e por ter uma das maiores taxas de incidência da SIDA/HIV. Perante estes desafios socioeconómicos, as autoridades da Suazilândia devem ser cuidadosas na escolha das prioridades relevantes para o desenvolvimento e para a diminuição da pobreza.
Poverty reduction is one the most important development agenda’s for much of the developing world, and it is a challenge that is yet to be met. Poverty reduction actions at the local and thenational levels have not been enough, which is why global action through development aid plays such an important role countries take action to end poverty (World Bank, 2001, p. vi). In its efforts the increase the impact aid has in poverty reduction, donor and partner countries are committed to “(...) scale up for more effective aid”, as stated in the Paris Declaration (OECD, 2005, p. 1). The Paris Declaration agreed on five key principles that donors and partner countries need to adhere to in order to ensure the effectiveness of aid. Most importantly, it was also agreed that development is the responsibility of developing countries by taking greater leadership over their development policies and strategies (OECD, 2005, p. 2). The purpose of this dissertation is to assess the efforts made by the Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland in taking greater leadership over its poverty reduction policies and strategies as stated in the Paris Declaration and the Accra Agenda. The case of Swaziland is filled with complexities as it is classified as a lower-middle income country and yet 69 per cent of the population lives in poverty, it is one of the slowest growing economies in sub-Saharan Africa and has the world’s highest HIV/AIDS prevalence. Faced with these socio-economic challenges, it is important that the Government of Swaziland makes the right priorities that will effectively address the development challenges in the country and will assist in poverty reduction.
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Ndlangamandla, Mhambi Moses. "Contribution of indigenous knowledge use on the livelihood of rural women in the Lowveld region of Swaziland: a case study of handicrafts." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18527.
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Poverty alleviation is a key item on the agenda of both government and non-governmental organisations. The use of indigenous knowledge to embark on small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) such as handicraft making has shown that it has a potential to yield the desired outcome in many areas. The research addressed the question: to what degree are handicrafts made in the Lowveld region of Swaziland and to what extent do these handicrafts contribute towards the livelihood of rural households? The data was collected using questionnaires and observations.
Findings revealed that the production of handicrafts is the second most important livelihood activity for most respondents. Even though the income received from these activities is small, its significance lies in the timing at which it is received; and on its role in supporting existing livelihood activities. Sustainability of the business is, however, threatened by inaccessibility of resources, lack of organisation and trading challenges
There is a need to promote the cultivation of natural resources, continuous training workshops and for women to form cooperatives or groups.
Further research is needed that would focus on the following areas: a comparative study done in urban areas which shall also investigate the impact of handicraft on urban poor households; a study which will focus on handicraft marketing and consumption and lastly on the youth and handicraft.Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology
M.Sc. (Human Ecology)
Books on the topic "Poverty – Swaziland"
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Stenflo, Gun Alm. Poverty profile of Swaziland, 1995. Mbabane: Swaziland Govt., Central Statistical Office, 1995.
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Rosalie, Michel. The situation of poverty in the Seychelles: Regional workshop in Swaziland : University of Swaziland, 25-28 February 2002, at the International Conference Centre. [Mahe]: Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, Social Development Division, 2002.
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Kanduza, Ackson M. Perspectives on poverty in Swaziland: History and contemporary forms. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Organization for Social Science Research, 2001.
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Poverty in a decade of slow economic growth: Swaziland in the 2000's. Mbabane]: Central Statistical Office, 2011.
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M, Kanduza Ackson, DuPont-Mkhonza Sarah, and OSSREA Swaziland Chapter, eds. Poverty in Swaziland: Historical and contemporary forms. Swaziland: OSSREA Swaziland Chapter, 2003.
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United Nations Development Programme (Swaziland), ed. Poverty eradication in Swaziland: Through the eyes of children. [Mbabane]: UNDP, 1991.
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2010 Swaziland poverty and MDG maps: Region, tinkhundla, and major area. Mbabane]: Central Statistical Office, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Poverty – Swaziland"
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Atkins, Stephen L. "Large Dams, Irrigation and Social Equity in Swaziland." In Development Planning and Poverty Reduction, 94–103. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403943743_7.
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"Developing Women’s Income-generating Skills in Swaziland." In Grassroots Approaches to Combatting Poverty through Adult Education, edited by Chris Duke, 62–82. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429432903-4.
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