Journal articles: 'Poverty – Zimbabwe'

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Maraire, Fungayi Promote, and Constantine Munhande. "Zimbabwe’s Youth Empowerment Programme and Poverty Alleviation amongst Youths in Gweru Urban District." Journal of Governance and Development (JGD), Number 2 (December 31, 2020): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jgd2020.16.2.6.

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Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment programme was a public-private partnership between the Government of Zimbabwe and some Zimbabwean financial institutions. The aim of the programme was to alleviate poverty amongst youths through the provision of micro credit. Established in 2009 as the panacea for Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment challenges, there is very little credible data on the performance and effectiveness of this noble intervention that was criticised by some as partisan. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the extent to which Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment programme was able to achieve its main objective of alleviating poverty amongst the youths in Zimbabwe’s Gweru Urban District. The paper adopts a qualitative case study research design utilising both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data was collected through semi- structured interviews with key informants as well as researcher observation. Secondary data was mainly obtained through searches of both physical and online libraries and repositories. Qualitative content analysis is the method used to analyse the data. The research findings reveal that the objectives of the programme were indeed relevant to the current challenges being faced by the youth in Zimbabwe. However, the programme had very little effect on youth poverty and unemployment in Gweru Urban District which remains high. Possible reasons for the limited effectiveness could be the fact that few youth projects were funded as compared to the number of youths that were in need of funding. The high rate of collapse of the youth projects funded coupled with the failure to sustain production levels achieved after accessing the loans also meant that chances of employment creation were limited. There were however, a few success stories noted by the study. The study recommends more training for beneficiaries if such programmes are to be more effective in future. This study is of significance as it adds to the existing body of knowledge the effectiveness of micro credit as a poverty alleviation strategy. Moreover, the paper is of importance to the Zimbabwe government and other development agents as it provides credible and perhaps more reliable accounts on the performance and effectiveness of Zimbabwe’s youth empowerment programme.

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Nhapi, Tatenda Goodman. "Socioeconomic Barriers to Universal Health Coverage in Zimbabwe: Present Issues and Pathways Toward Progress." Journal of Developing Societies 35, no. 1 (March 2019): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x19826762.

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This article assesses Zimbabwean health services, using a social workers’ social development paradigm to analyze the dynamics of Zimbabwe’s Social Security program, focusing on universal health access for older persons, orphans, and vulnerable children. This article identifies the key factors that have done the most to shape health policy administration in the broader context of social policies and social security in Zimbabwe. The discussion is framed around the need for pro-poor social policies, social inclusivity, and the efforts to ensure universal health access. Despite numerous reports, newspaper op-eds and consultancy documents offering opinions on the state of social service delivery in the country, most critics lack empirical data and end up being very anecdotal as they critique the present system. The socioeconomic context of Zimbabwe is therefore analyzed here, with the best available statistical evidence provided, followed by assessment of social policy interventions. Current challenges to access health services are evaluated using a human rights-based social policy approach. The recent Zimbabwe Ministry of Finance-led consultative process crafted a 2016 document, the Poverty Reduction Strategies Papers (PRSPs), as an overall strategy for transforming the Zimbabwean health sector. The article concludes by recommending community-based health insurance approach as most appropriate intervention for ensuring health inclusivity and enhancing health for all in Zimbabwe.

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Musiwa, Anthony Shuko. "A Rights-Based Approach to Child Poverty Measurement and Child Rights Realisation in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Children’s Rights 29, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 148–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-29010007.

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Abstract Against the context of limited research in Zimbabwe on rights-focused child poverty research, policy and practice, this study employs the Bristol Approach to measure the extent and relationship with gender and location, respectively, of child poverty among children aged five years and below (N = 6418). Using Zimbabwe’s 2015 Demographic and Health Survey secondary data, 14 selected measures are tested for validity, reliability and additivity. Severe deprivation estimates are developed, showing the commonest deprivation forms as early childhood development (78 per cent), water (46 per cent), healthcare (44 per cent), sanitation (40 per cent), shelter (30 per cent) and nutrition (13 per cent). While boys and girls are similarly severely deprived, children in rural areas are the most severely deprived. While all deprivations are non-significantly correlated with gender, most are significantly correlated with location. Overall, the study highlights the extreme nature of child rights violations caused by poverty in Zimbabwe, and how rights-based child poverty measurement can better inform policy and practice responses.

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Hamdok, Abdalla A. "A Poverty Assessment Exercise in Zimbabwe." African Development Review 11, no. 2 (December 1999): 290–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.00012.

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Tarisayi, Kudzayi Savious. "A school in distress: The manifestations of poverty at a selected satellite school in the Masvingo district, Zimbabwe." Journal of Geography Education in Africa 2, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46622/jogea.v2i1.2526.

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Although there is a plethora of studies on poverty in schools, poverty in satellite schools in Zimbabwe remains a neglected phenomenon. Satellite schools are newly established temporary schools which are attached to a registered school. This paper derives from a study that focused on the social capital influences of communal farmers and land reform beneficiaries on satellite schools in the Masvingo district, Zimbabwe after the year 2000. The study drew on the capability approach by Sen (2000) and the poverty pyramid by Baulch (2011). The study was qualitative and it was positioned in the interpretive paradigm. The paper reports on one case study of communal farmers in the Masvingo district. Four semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion with a purposive sample of ten participants were carried out in the Sambo community. Qualitative content analysis was utilized to analyse the findings and draw conclusions. The manifestations of poverty at Sambo satellite school were infrastructure challenges; physical resources allocation; a natural resource challenge; and learners’ participation in extra-curricular activities with other schools. Due to a multiplicity of manifestations of poverty, Sambo satellite school was clearly in distress. It is recommended that the Zimbabwean government provide additional funding to support satellite schools that are located in poor, environmentally challenging contexts.

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David Damiyano and Nirmala Dorasamy. "The diaspora effect to poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe." Restaurant Business 118, no. 11 (November 21, 2019): 381–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i11.10703.

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The main objective of this study is to empirically examine the impact of diasporas on poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe from 1980 to 2017. Thus, this research analysis explores the empirical poverty alleviation impact of formal diaspora in Zimbabwe, using per capita GDP and income inequality as control variables. Using the Ordinary Least Squares estimation at first difference and linearized data, the study found no statistical evidence that remittances contribute towards poverty reduction in Zimbabwe over the period under review. However, per capita GDP and income inequality with positive and negative expected signs, were found to have statistically significant coefficients at 1 percent and 10 percent, respectively and accounted for 65 percent of changes in poverty levels in Zimbabwe. The study failed to establish a relationship between remittances and poverty levels in Zimbabwe because it used the data on remittances from the formal channels only while most of the remittances get their way into the economy through informal channels. The study goes on further to recommend measures that improve formal inflows of remittances into the economy such as granting voting franchise to people in the diaspora so that they can participate in the country’s democratic processes as well as putting in place policies that promote the investment of diaspora monies into the financial sector and help enhance financial literacy of both migrants and their households.

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Mago, Stephen, Daina Nyathi, and Costa Hofisi. "Non-governmental organisations and rural poverty reduction strategies in Zimbabwe: A case of Binga rural district." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 4 (2015): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i1_p5.

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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies implemented by Non-governmental organisation (NGOs) for poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe with specific reference to Zimbabwe’s Binga Rural District. The qulitative research methodology was employed in the article. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. Findings indicated that NGOs do not adequately fulfil the needs of the poor due to ineffective strategies that they implement. There is insufficient understanding of the livelihoods of the poor in Binga, hence the need for participatory development approaches. Deepening and widening poverty in the rural areas that are currently served by NGOs is an indicator that their poverty alleviation strategies are inadequate and ineffective to deal with poverty in these rural areas. The paper recommends a policy shift by both NGOs and the government to improve the poverty reduction strategies used by NGOs.

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Wellington, Teya, and Kurebwa Jeffrey. "The Effectiveness of State and Non-State Actors in Combating Human Trafficking and Ensuring Safe Migration Concerns of Zimbabwean Women." International Journal of World Policy and Development Studies, no. 55 (May 20, 2019): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijwpds.55.42.52.

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This study focuses on the effectiveness of State and Non-state actors in combating human trafficking and ensuring safe migration of Zimbabwean women. The study relied on qualitative research methodology while data was gathered through primary and documentary search. Respondents were purposively selected from victims of human trafficking and organisations that deal with combating human trafficking. These included IOM, Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) Human Trafficking Desk, Ministry of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs. The study revealed that human trafficking in Zimbabwe thrives under conditions of vulnerability which are caused by various factors ranging from poverty, limited educational opportunities, poor economic conditions, gender and age. A strong relationship between Government and NGOs’ inadequate adherence to the Palermo Protocol standards and escalation of human trafficking was also exposed. Though Zimbabwean has several laws that deals with human trafficking, implementation of these laws still remains a challenge. This has contributed to the escalation of human trafficking cases from Zimbabwe to neighbouring countries, particularly South Africa.

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Muridzo, Noel Garikai, and Victor Chikadzi. "Zimbabwe’s poverty and child sexual abuse." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (August 24, 2020): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.41.

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AbstractChild sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious scourge that affects all countries globally. While there are myriad factors contributing the prevalence of CSA in Zimbabwe, poverty is arguably one of the major underlying issues and root causes of most of these factors. Over the past two decades, Zimbabwe has gone through an unprecedented economic meltdown; fewer resources are being channelled towards child protection leading to the decline in standards of living for children. Consequently, children are left vulnerable to poverty which exposes them to the risk of CSA. This paper discusses a number of poverty-related factors that are contributing to CSA in Zimbabwe. A qualitative study approach was adopted, and data were collected from 38 participants and four key informants who were selected using theoretical and purposive sampling, respectively. In addition, 300 court files of CSA cases were also reviewed. Notwithstanding other circumstances leading to CSA, findings showed that poverty-related vulnerabilities, such as adverse living conditions, rurality, child labour and migration, exposed children to CSA. The paper ends by discussing the policy and social work practice implications and recommendations in view of the findings.

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Stoeffler, Quentin, Jeffrey Alwang, Bradford Mills, and Nelson Taruvinga. "Multidimensional Poverty in Crisis: Lessons from Zimbabwe." Journal of Development Studies 52, no. 3 (October 12, 2015): 428–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1087511.

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11

Bote, David, and Stephen Mago. "Health microinsurance in Zimbabwe: a contexual review." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(166).

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Health microinsurance, a relatively novel financial product, is garnering increasing recognition as an important part of the solution to healthcare financing problems and poverty reduction efforts for low income households (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2000; Murdoch, 2004; Cohen and Sebstad, 2005; Churchill, 2006; Dror, 2006; International Labour Organisation [ILO], 2008; Ruuskanen, 2009). The adverse implications of health shocks and the consequent huge expenditures disproportionately impoverish millions of low-income households across the globe, especially those living in developing countries. Put bluntly, health risks are an enduring poverty reduction and development challenge at large. In fact, World Bank (2010) reports that more than 100 million people are driven into poverty every year by health-related costs across the globe (as cited in Mosley, 2009). Regardless of microinsurance's acclaimed benefits in securing the lives of low-income people, its potential to secure poor households is yet to be ascertained in Zimbabwe, where the poor are extremely vulnerable to fall and be entrapped in poverty, a monumental development challenge to this country. Keywords: Health insurance, health financing, health costs, Zimbabwe.

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Dhemba, Jotham Joaquim. "Dynamics of poverty in old age: The case of older persons in Zimbabwe." International Social Work 57, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): 714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872812454312.

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This article explores the factors associated with the syndrome of poverty in old age in developing countries in general and Zimbabwe in particular. Available data show that the majority of older persons in Zimbabwe are not covered by existing social security schemes. Furthermore, the benefits for the minority who are covered are not adequate. It is therefore necessary to adopt legislation specific to older persons through the establishment of old age pensions in order to address poverty in old age.

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Chiweshe, Manase Kudzai. "Money, football and politics: Asiagate and the scourge of match-fixing in Zimbabwe." Review of Nationalities 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pn-2019-0009.

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AbstractFootball is the most popular game in Zimbabwe. Events and activities in this sport in many ways mirror the state of wider society in the country. This paper provides a grounded critique of how money, football and politics intersect through the lens of the Asiagate match-fixing scandal which engulfed post-2000 Zimbabwe. It utilizes reports and transcripts from the investigation to highlight the role of various actors in the match-fixing scandal including administrators, politicians, coaches, players, referees, and journalists. The paper argues that Asiagate needs to be understood in the context of the globalization of match-fixing and the socio-economic crises engulfing post-2000 Zimbabwe. The socio-economic crises characterized by widespread poverty and suffering left players vulnerable to match-fixers. The paper concludes that the politically connected and powerful players in the scandal were not held accountable and this has created precedence for the continued existence of match-fixing in Zimbabwean football.

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Chipango, Ellen Fungisai. "Reinterpreting energy poverty in Zimbabwe: a scalar perspective." Journal of Political Ecology 25, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v25i1.22964.

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Unequal access to electricity has negatively impacted rural households in Zimbabwe. Energy poverty and its impact cannot be understood only at rural household level, but involve the local community, the government, the nature of the state and international relations. The state, non-state and political actors operate across scales and have relational interactions that help to explain inequality in access to energy. Through a qualitative study of Buhera District, Ward 24 and its scalar political ecology, I explain inequalities of access through actor roles and differential power, also finding that patriarchal gender relations play a critical role in socially producing scale in the household. Scalar relations determine policy decisions that are felt by households denied access to electricity.

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Bird, Kate, and Andrew Shepherd. "Livelihoods and Chronic Poverty in Semi-Arid Zimbabwe." World Development 31, no. 3 (March 2003): 591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(02)00220-6.

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Marquette, Catherine M. "Current poverty, structural adjustment, and drought in Zimbabwe." World Development 25, no. 7 (July 1997): 1141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(97)00019-3.

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Kanji, Nazneen. "Gender, poverty and economic adjustment in Harare, Zimbabwe." Environment and Urbanization 7, no. 1 (April 1995): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624789500700110.

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Mago, Stephen. "Microfinance, Poverty Alleviation and Sustainability: Towards a New Micro-Finance Model for Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 6, no. 7 (July 30, 2014): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i7.516.

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The main aim of this paper is to propose the development of a new microfinance model that can approximate sustainability in Zimbabwe. The secondary purpose is to find out whether the same model can be replicated in other developing countries. The paper adopted a mixed methodology. A crosssectional data collection method was preferred because data was collected during the time of high volatility in the country. Questionnaires, interview schedules were combined to collect data from villagers involved in microfinance programmes. Data were collected from 250 households in the Masvingo rural district area of Zimbabwe. The findings show that the two polar models are biased, hence the need for the â€˜middle of the road approachâ€™/â€˜hybrid modelâ€™ for the provision of microfinance services to the poor in order to achieve the twin objectives of poverty alleviation and sustainability. The paper is limited to a Masvingo district of Zimbabwe, thus replication could become a challenge. This article attempts to develop a â€˜middle of the roadâ€™ model for microfinance in Zimbabwe. According to our knowledge, there is no study that has attempted to do the same.

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Mutangabende, Shepherd, and Elvin Shava. "Assessing Progress and Pitfalls of the Millennium Development Goals in Zimbabwe: A Critical Analysis." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v4i4.141.

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Zimbabwe adopted the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) at their inception in 2000 and it has trends of its progress in its attempt to attain these MDGs as indicated in progress reports since 2004, 2010, 2012 and 2015. In these reports optimistic trends are chiefly found in MDG2 on universal primary education which is Zimbabwe’s pride in Africa, MDG3 regarding gender parity in schools and MDG6 on HIV and AIDS. The country continues to face its biggest challenges in attaining MDG1 which is eliminating extreme poverty and hunger and MDG5 which is increase nurturing mortality, whereas all the objectives under these goals are dubious that would be attained at the cut-off date. It was unfortunate that, the inception of the MDGs coincided with the deepening of socioeconomic, political and environmental crisis in the country which made it very difficult for Zimbabwe to accomplish all of its MDGs. The focal motive of this study was to check the progress, policies, programmes and strategies which were in place to promote the attainment of the MDGs from 2000-2015 and other strategies or policies in place to attain the SDGs 2016-2030. This paper recommended that there is need for institutionalisation of SDGs that is aligning them with Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socioeconomic Transformation (Zim-Asset) cluster; for instance, value accumulation and beneficiation, nourishment security, poverty extermination, social services and strengthening partnership with all stakeholders. The research uses intensive secondary data analysis from various sources including government gazette, journal articles, e-books, and government website, reports, published and unpublished books.

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Mhlanga, David, Steven Henry Dunga, and Tankiso Moloi. "FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN ZIMBABWE." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE 8, no. 3 (2020): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejef.2020.08.03.004.

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The study sought to investigate the impact of financial inclusion on poverty reduction in Zimbabwe among the smallholder farmers. It is alleged that financial inclusion can help in achieving seven of the seventeen sustainable development goals (SDGs), which include poverty eradication in all its forms everywhere, ending hunger, achieving food security, ensuring improved nutrition as well as promoting sustainable agriculture and many others. Using the simple regression method, the study discovered that financial inclusion has a strong impact on poverty reduction among smallholder farmers. The study went on to discover that, for the government to tackle poverty especially among the smallholder farmers, it is important to ensure that farmers do participate in the financial sector through saving, borrowing and taking out insurance among other services. So, it is important for the government of Zimbabwe to fully implement policies that encourage financial inclusion such as making sure that farmers find it easy to access financial institutions and encouraging financial institutions to review transaction costs like bank account opening charges periodically, implementing financial education programs among the farmers because these variables are important in influencing farmers to participate or preventing them from using financial services.

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Horrell, Sara, and Pramila Krishnan. "Poverty and productivity in female-headed households in Zimbabwe." Journal of Development Studies 43, no. 8 (November 2007): 1351–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380701611477.

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Chirenje, Leonard Itayi. "Contribution of ecotourism to poverty alleviation in Nyanga, Zimbabwe." Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment 15, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10042857.2017.1319172.

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Kwashirai, Vimbai Chaumba. "Poverty in the Gwai Forest Reserve, Zimbabwe: 1880-1953." Global Environment 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 146–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2008.010106.

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Dashwood, Hevina S. "Social Welfarism, Poverty Alleviation and Political Stability in Zimbabwe." Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement 20, no. 3 (January 1999): 567–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.1999.9669855.

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Selome, Joyce, and Nevel Tshuma. "Microfinance and Women Empowerment in Zimbabwe: A Case of Women Development Fund in Umguza District." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 35 (July 2014): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.35.74.

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The gender dimension of poverty focuses on the dilemma of women, their numerous roles as women and their role in dealing with poverty. In many developing countries, women are discriminated upon in terms of their access to capital means of production; basic needs support, employment opportunities and access to credit facilities. In Zimbabwe, like in many developing countries, empowering women through micro-credit finance is viewed as a means of reducing women poverty, empowering them, reducing their vulnerability and improving their well-being especially in the rural areas. This paper discusses the role of the government of Zimbabwe in empowering rural women through the introduction Women Development Fund (WDF). The study was carried out in Umguza district in Matabeleland North province of Zimbabwe. The study employed mainly purposive sampling and data was collected using questionnaire, key informant interviews, focus group discussion observation and oral history. Research revealed that WDF as a strategy has made a difference in the livelihoods of the recipients through initiation of income generating projects. However the major handicap with WDF is that the amount of money given are small and that it was employed in isolate hence the need to have complementary initiatives such as capacity building, market networking among others.

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Zhongming, Tan, Tinashe Mangudhla, and Reginald Masimba Mbona. "Civil Servant Borrowing Practices: A Determinant of Poverty in Zimbabwe." Business and Economic Research 10, no. 2 (May 18, 2020): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v10i2.16832.

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In assessing microfinance institutions (MFIs) and civil servants' perspectives on borrowing in Zimbabwe, we examine the purpose and rationale of MFIs establishments. Thus, in an attempt to understand the reason behind high borrowing, we also considered loan terms, the nature of loans issued, and the uses of MFIs borrowed funds among households. Driven by the exploratory approach, qualitative research involving semi-structured interviews and observation methods were applied in this study. Using, the purpose of the loan, pricing of loans, repayment terms, and loan terms, interview questions were designed and conducted. Our results show that MFIs loans are: short term loans, income (salary) based; and, these loans are mainly for immediate household consumption needs not an investment. This study also indicates that loan application requirements are more favorable for employed households, especially public sector employees. Even though civil servants have a better advantage in accessing MFIs loans, in the long run, they are likely to remain in poverty; since their purpose of borrowing is geared towards family expenses. Also, MFIs prevailing interest rates (high), evidenced with shorter repayment periods, reflect their failure to pull borrowers out of poverty; however, creating an interdependence syndrome of continuous borrowing. Since we focused on lending practices of households, our results serve as a basis of a joint policy formulation in combating poverty. Thus, understanding poverty through the borrowing of employed citizens aids in grasping the interconnectedness of sectors; which, is an essential tool for sustainable development and strategic planning.

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Betty Kutukwa Mutambanengwe and Ignatius Isaac Dambudzo. "Employment Creation and Extreme Poverty Eradication through Open and Distance eLearning and Technical-Vocational Education and Training in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36261/ijdeel.v6i2.1854.

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This study explored how Open and Distance eLearning (ODeL) system is enhancing employment creation and extreme poverty eradication in Zimbabwe. Poverty is a challenge in developing countries in the presence of unemployment and lack of education. This study aimed to put into perspective the strides made by ODeL institutions in Zimbabwe towards extreme poverty eradication through TVET in the education system. Data were collected from purposively selected 20 ODeL graduates including; entrepreneurs, street vendors, and individuals, formally and informally employed, by using interviews and observation, in this case study. The study employed thematic analysis for the narrative qualitative data. The study revealed that poverty can be reduced through skills empowerment to learners at all educational levels. Exposure to a bouquet of vocational subjects in technical-vocational institutions has enabled entrepreneurs to create employment, applying acquired skills. The major barriers to effective entrepreneurship and employment creation were the scarcity of resources and natural disasters. The study is also significant that educational planners and policy-makers may formulate policies that encourage school and college graduates to be innovative, self-reliant, and may guard against extreme poverty in their communities. It can be concluded that possession and application of vocational skills may create employment and eradicate extreme poverty. It is, therefore, recommended that TVET starts early in life for innovativeness and effective use of available resources. Further research could be carried out on the nature of programmes in learning institutions that empower learners with skills for employment creation, sustainable development, and extreme poverty eradication.

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Mapfumo, A., A. Mushunje, and C. Chidoko. "THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURAL EXPENDITURE ON POVERTY IN ZIMBABWE." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 7, no. 7 (July 28, 2012): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2012-07.03.

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Werk, Jan Kees van de. "And another thing... Poverty, affluence and books: Voices from Zimbabwe." Logos 3, no. 1 (1992): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2959/logo.1992.3.1.54.

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Marshall, Robert. "Urban agriculture in Zimbabwe; Implications for urban management and poverty." Habitat International 21, no. 3 (September 1997): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-3975(97)88097-6.

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Makore, Busisiwe Chikomborero Ncube, and Sura Al-Maiyah. "Moving from the Margins: Towards an Inclusive Urban Representation of Older People in Zimbabwe’s Policy Discourse." Societies 11, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11010007.

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Population ageing has become a major global demographic shift but perhaps less noticeable in the Global South. Zimbabwe, like many African countries, is experiencing and will continue to witness an increase in older age, hence questioning its readiness to handle such change. Ageing in Zimbabwe is currently occurring in the context of increasing poverty, political unrest, changing family structures, and weakening infrastructures. Despite this, Zimbabwe is committed to promoting change and betterment for its citizens through adherence to international agendas and national development strategies. However, the first step towards the realisation of an inclusive urban environment begins with a fair representation of the various actors and social groups. This review paper is aimed at examining the representation of Zimbabwe’s older people, a subject that has rarely been the focus of critical analysis, concentrating on the political discourse in urban development programmes. A sample of 45 international and national policy documents published post-2002, was carefully selected and inspected to determine the level of presence of older people using discourse analysis. The findings reveal that in the context of the efforts made towards a Zimbabwe that is inclusive of all citizens, the idea of older persons as subjects of rights and active participants has yet to truly gain sufficient currency. There is a dominance of a one-dimensional perspective across the majority of the publications, with older people constructed as “dependent”, “vulnerable” and “passive”, overseeing vital contributions to society. A realistic and more empowering representation of this social group, showing them as active caregivers rather than passive recipients is therefore a necessity if Zimbabwe is to fulfil its vision of inclusivity.

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Moyo, Funa, and Clifford Mabhena. "Harnessing Mineral Resources in Gwanda District of Zimbabwe: A Myth or a Reality?" International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 38 (August 2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.38.1.

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The article examines strategies of harnessing mineral resources for community empowerment, poverty reduction and infrastructure development in mining areas of Zimbabwe. Despite abundant mineral resources, the majority of Zimbabwean indigenous communities living close to the mines have limited access to directly or indirectly benefit from the mineral resources. Using a descriptive survey to collect data, this research article gives a strong proposition on how the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act can be used as a vehicle of harnessing mineral resources. The article argues that pro poor mining policies that ensure the harnessing of mineral resources for community empowerment, poverty reduction and infrastructure development are paramount. The article further argues that the Indigenous and Economic Empowerment Act needs to be harmonised with other sector legislation in the country. The article concludes that the development of infrastructure and provision of public utilities such as electricity, water, establishing micro-credit to small and medium enterprises and implementing broad-based indigenisation policies are some of the strategies of improving rural livelihoods. Similarly direct and indirect linkages between the mining sector and local economy could be enhanced through the provision of food supply to the mine, manufacture of mining inputs, provision of security services and supply of labour by the local community. The article recommends that the harmonisation of legislation that has an effect on harnessing of mineral resources by local communities will ensure community empowerment, poverty reduction and infrastructure development.

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Gunhidzirai, Constance, and Pius T. Tanga. "Informal Entrepreneurship as a Poverty Alleviation Mechanism in Zimbabwe: Challenges and Prospects." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 4(J) (September 4, 2017): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i4(j).1828.

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Informal entrepreneurship is a source of livelihood which provides employment and income to poor households in Chitungwiza Municipality in Zimbabwe. The dominant entrepreneurial activities are street vending, foreign currency exchange, urban farming, and home industries and cross border trading. The research approach that underpins this study is a triangulation of qualitative and quantitative. A semi-structured questionnaire and an interview guide were the instruments used in collecting data. The study sample was made up of 156 respondents that comprised informal entrepreneurs, social workers, municipal officials and community development practitioners from Chitungwiza Municipality. The findings revealed that few informal entrepreneurs are benefitting whereas the majority are failing to improve household income due to stiff competition, limited funding, poor infrastructure and harsh municipal policies. The paper recommends that the government of Zimbabwe should build infrastructure (shelters) for the informal entrepreneurs in their designated area of work.

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Gunhidzirai, Constance, and Pius T. Tanga. "Informal Entrepreneurship as a Poverty Alleviation Mechanism in Zimbabwe: Challenges and Prospects." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 4 (September 4, 2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i4.1828.

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Informal entrepreneurship is a source of livelihood which provides employment and income to poor households in Chitungwiza Municipality in Zimbabwe. The dominant entrepreneurial activities are street vending, foreign currency exchange, urban farming, and home industries and cross border trading. The research approach that underpins this study is a triangulation of qualitative and quantitative. A semi-structured questionnaire and an interview guide were the instruments used in collecting data. The study sample was made up of 156 respondents that comprised informal entrepreneurs, social workers, municipal officials and community development practitioners from Chitungwiza Municipality. The findings revealed that few informal entrepreneurs are benefitting whereas the majority are failing to improve household income due to stiff competition, limited funding, poor infrastructure and harsh municipal policies. The paper recommends that the government of Zimbabwe should build infrastructure (shelters) for the informal entrepreneurs in their designated area of work.

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Kurebwa, Jeffrey. "Micro-finance as a Tool for Financial Access, Poverty Alleviation and Women Empowerment in Bindura District, Zimbabwe." Studies in Social Science Research 1, no. 1 (May 9, 2020): p21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sssr.v1n1p21.

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The purpose of this study was to understand the role of micro-finance as a tool for women empowerment in Bindura Rural District of Zimbabwe. Qualitative methodology was used. Data collection methods used included semi-structured interviews, documentary search. The respondents for the study were drawn from rural women who had accessed loans from MFI, managers of MFI and the Zimbabwe Association of Micro Finance Institutions. The study found out that access to credit has positive outcomes on production, income, and consumption at household and macro-economic levels. Rural women in Zimbabwe lack adequate access to formal credit. The study found that that lack of adequate access to credit have significant negative effect on technology adoption, agricultural productivity, food security, nutrition, health, and overall welfare. The study concludes that the lack of collateral of the poor, their demand for smaller loans, and high transaction cost associated with small loans are the main factors that the poor are excluded from formal credit services.

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MURISA, TENDAI, and TENDAI CHIKWECHE. "ENTREPREUNERSHIP AND MICRO-FINANCE IN EXTREME POVERTY CIRCUMSTANCES — CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS: THE CASE OF ZIMBABWE." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 18, no. 01 (March 2013): 1350001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946713500015.

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Using an on-going real case study of a micro-finance project modeled on financial inclusion in Zimbabwe, a country with high levels of poverty, we provide real time insights on entrepreneurship and micro-finance in this environment focusing on the nature of challenges faced by entrepreneurs and potential solutions to these challenges. While acknowledging this is a research stream that has dominated micro-finance, our study extends the scope of research beyond Asia and Latin America to include insights from an African market where micro-finance has recorded significant growth yet very few stories are told about these experiences. Our case study provides an opportunity to reflect on emerging and previously held insights in real time using a project that is still in the process of dealing with these challenges. We then go onto illustrate how our inclusive approach to serving the unbanked segment in Zimbabwe has potential for broader contribution to poverty reduction among citizens who are exposed to extreme conditions of poverty. Our paper also outlines an alternative approach of solutions to the challenges faced by micro-finance entrepreneurs, which could be applied by entrepreneurs in environments facing similar challenges.

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Hampson, Joe. "Elderly People and Social Welfare in Zimbabwe." Ageing and Society 5, no. 1 (March 1985): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00011284.

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ABSTRACTThe ageing of Third World populations and its implications for planning in social welfare has received little attention in the literature until now. This article explores the need radically to alter Western models of care for elderly people in an African context, arguing that in situations of mass poverty and gross economic differentiation a concentration on social welfare for urban formal sector employees is inappropriate. Zimbabwe is used as a case study. The situation of the aged in Zimbabwe is analysed from existing but scanty data, and sets of policy proposals that have relevance to the national economy and to the rural, urban and commercial farming sectors are discussed.

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Jameson, Jill. "The Digital Abyss in Zimbabwe." International Journal of ICT Research and Development in Africa 1, no. 3 (July 2010): 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jictrda.2010070104.

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Just as refugees fleeing to escape Zimbabwe have struggled to cross the crocodile-hungry waters of the Limpopo, so are Zimbabweans battling to find ways to traverse the abyss of a digital divide affecting their country. In 2008-09, Zimbabwe was rated third worst in the world for its national information communications technology (ICT) capability by the World Economic Forum, being ranked at 132/134 nations on the global ICT ‘networked readiness index’. Digital divide issues, including severe deficits in access to new technologies facing this small Sub-Saharan country, are therefore acute. In terms of global power relations involving ICT capability, Zimbabwe has little influence in any world ranking of nations. A history of oppression, economic collapse, mismanagement, poverty, disease, corruption, discrimination, public sector breakdown and population loss has rendered the country almost powerless in ICT terms. Applying a critical social theory methodology and drawing on Freirean conceptions of critical pedagogy to promote emancipation through equal access to e-learning, this chapter is written in two parts. In the first place, it analyzes grim national statistics relating to education and to the digital divide in Zimbabwe, situating these in the wider context of Africa; in the second part, the chapter applies this information in a practical fictional setting to imagine life through the eyes of an average Zimbabwean male farm worker called Themba, recounting through narrative an example of the impact on one person’s life that could result from, firstly, a complete lack of educational and ICT resources for adults in a rural farming situation and, secondly, new opportunities as a migrant to become engaged with adult and higher education, including ICT training and facilities. Access to education, to book publications, to ICT facilities, in dialogue with others during a long process of conscientization, are seen to open up democratising and liberating opportunities for Themba in South Africa. The powerful transformation that takes place Themba’s life and propels him towards many achievements as an e-learning teacher is inspired by Freire’s critical pedagogy: it provides a message of hope in an otherwise exceptionally bleak educational and technological situation, given the current difficult socio-economic and political situation that has resulted in a digital abyss in Zimbabwe.

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N., Sakadzo, and Kugedera A. T. "The Use of Small Grains for Food Security and Climate Compliant In Dry Regions of Zimbabwe: A Review." Sumerianz Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary, no. 310 (October 17, 2020): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjav.310.143.149.

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Climate change has brought issues of total crop failure in dry regions in Zimbabwe as evidenced by total crop failure in 2010, 2015 and 2017 in some parts of Chivi which is one of the driest area in Zimbabwe. The paper highlights the use of small grains for food security and climate compliant in dry regions of Zimbabwe. This brings in an idea of growing small grain by farmers as means of improving food production in dry areas such as Chivi, Mwenezi and Chiredzi districts. Cereal production growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to decline by a net 3.2 percent in 2050 as a result of climate change. To mitigate this risk, there is need to improve productivity of small grains as climate compliant crops which can ameliorate poverty in Zimbabwe. Small grains are drought tolerant and perform better in dry regions than any other cereal crops. Sorghum and millet have the potential to contribute to food security to the world’s poorest agro-ecological regions.

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Chikunda, Plaxcedes, Cynthia Dzimiri, and Viola Ingwani. "Economic Crisis and Poverty Induced Deviance on Female Teachers in Zimbabwe." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455-2526) 7, no. 1 (May 10, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v7.n1.p5.

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<div><p><em>The study explores deviant activities that female teachers engage into due to the poverty induced by the economic crisis prevailing in Zimbabwe. The research was designed and conducted within the qualitative paradigm. The design adopted by the study was the survey. The methodology involved informal conversational interviews and focus group discussions. The study was conducted with a group of thirty female teachers who were also perusing their masters studies. The study established that female teachers engage in various deviant as teachers and as students due to the economic hardships that they find themselves in. Deviant acts as teachers include failure to attend to their classes, getting involved into peddling activities instead to augment the meagre income from government. Retailing of goods to pupils, giving less work to their pupils to reduce work load and many more. As students they are forced to engage in acts of plagiarism as well as missing lessons to attend to whatever business that can bring the much needed extra income. </em></p></div>

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Manjengwa, Jeanette, Collen Matema, and Doreen Tirivanhu. "Understanding urban poverty in two high-density suburbs of Harare, Zimbabwe." Development Southern Africa 33, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2015.1116376.

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Chipango, Ellen Fungisai. "Constructing, understanding and interpreting energy poverty in Zimbabwe: A postmodern perspective." Energy Research & Social Science 75 (May 2021): 102026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102026.

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Mutasa, Florence. "The initial years of the implementation of the Basic Education Assistance Module in Zimbabwe: 2001-2005." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 5, no. 2 (April 26, 2015): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v5i2.7328.

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Illiteracy is thought to be one of the biggest causes of the poverty cycle. Thus education is perceived as a tool of breaking the poverty cycle. Literature on poverty also advocates bottom-up participatory approaches to development as a lasting solution to poverty alleviation Hence, BEAM is one of the programmes that the Government of Zimbabwe put in place to improve the conditions of the majority blacks through education with the involvement of communities in the identification of intended beneficiaries. The objective of the research is to assess the effectiveness of BEAM as a poverty alleviation strategy. Through the review of literature and interviews, a general overview of the concept of beneficiary participation (an important component of BEAM) is given and the initial years of the implementation of BEAM is assessed. Results of the study indicated that some children who initially failed to start school due to financial constrains were able to do so due to the BEAM programme through community involvement. Thus access to education assistance improved. However, the implementation of BEAM had its own share of problems, thus limiting its effectiveness. Key words: policy, implementation, participation, community, beneficiary

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Zengenene, Maybe. "Trafficking of women and girls in the District of Seke: Lessons from the Zimbabwe’s Second Republic." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 33, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v33i32020.256-265.

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The study explores the phenomenon of human trafficking in Zimbabwe’s second republic under President Emerson Mnangagwa. Using conflict theory, the study argues that the discourse of human trafficking in Zimbabwe is a complex phenomenon that has led to women’s and girls’ vulnerability in the Seke District. Primary data gathered from five female core informants who have been the direct victims of human trafficking and three significant others who were the parents and guardians of human trafficking victims. The snowball sampling technique was employed to obtain the female core informants for the in-depth interviews. The study also benefitted from secondary sources such as journal articles, online newspapers, government, and international UN, ILO, UNESCO, and UNICEF reports. The results of this study show that eco-socio and political ills such as a high rate of unemployment, a shortage of essential goods, cash, corruption, electricity, gender inequality, poverty, power relations and the continuous harassment by the security forces such as the police and the army have escalated the vulnerability of women to human trafficking in Zimbabwe. Since Zimbabwe’s eco-political situation is a powerful determinant of both the continuation and abandonment of the human trafficking social phenomena, this study recommends that the present government solve the grassroots causes of the phenomena. With enforcement at the grassroots level and regional and international initiatives, human trafficking can be combated.

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Nhapi, Tatenda Goodman, and Jotham Dhemba. "Embedding the developmental approach in social work education and practice to overcome poverty: The case of Southern Africa." Greenwich Social Work Review 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21100/gswr.v1i1.1103.

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The article examines the extent to which social work education and practice in Eswatini, Lesotho and Zimbabwe has embedded the developmental approach to address the problem of poverty and to bring about socio-economic transformation in these countries. This is particularly significant as social work has gained traction internationally as a problem-solving profession. However, it is argued that that there is a lack of clarity conceptually about how the developmental approach should be operationalised in order to deal with the social problems afflicting African countries in general and Southern Africa in particular. Furthermore the chapter examines challenges in the implementation of the developmental approach in economically fragile contexts such as Eswatini, Lesotho and Zimbabwe. The gaps and constraints in mainstreaming developmental social work are also examined in the context of poverty, globalisation and impacts of natural disasters. Challenges experienced by frontline social workers in mobilising communities through the application of a repertoire of developmental social work approaches have also received attention. The article is based on personal experiences of the authors in teaching and practicing social work in the three countries and this is complemented by reviews and analysis of research studies and policy documents and reports on the mitigation of poverty and the developmental approach. Importantly, the article also offers pathways on the embedment of the developmental approach in social work education and practice to promote the realisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) especially the goal relating to the eradication poverty.

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Manyarara, Barbra. "UNHU/UBUNTU ANACHRONISTIC? THE MANIFESTATION OF FEMALE AGENCY IN VIRGINIA PHIRI’S HIGHWAY QUEEN (2010)." Imbizo 5, no. 2 (June 23, 2017): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2078-9785/2842.

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The contemporary relevance of female sexuality as discursive space in fiction is that it reflects current events as it criticises, exposes and illuminates lived reality, such as the HIV and AIDS epidemic, excruciating poverty, homelessness and a general economic meltdown as is the case in Zimbabwe in the first decade of the new millennium. However, the practice of female sexuality may still go against the principles of ubuntu. In Highway Queen Phiri gives agency to the female first person narrator, Sophie, and also sets out males and females who in their interaction with each other, may or may not promote ubuntu. An analysis of this novel shows that the writer challenges many unhelpful attitudes towards the HIV and AIDS pandemic by exploring the employment of travel and female sexuality as coping strategies for dealing with poverty, HIV and AIDS, and the economic downturn in the first decade of the new millennium in Zimbabwe. However, the well-intentioned female agency fails to hold up in the face of the dire circumstances of poverty and disease and Sophie’s urbanised family has to go back to the village for survival under the care of the patriarchal uncles; thus Phiri appears to give a flawed instrumentality to these women.

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Machingura, Francis. "‘A woman should learn in quietness and full submission’ (1 Timothy 2: 11): Empowering Women in the Fight against Masculine Readings of Biblical Texts and a Chauvinistic African Culture in the Face of HIV and AIDS." Studies in World Christianity 19, no. 3 (December 2013): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2013.0059.

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The status of women has generally become a human rights issue the world over, and Zimbabwe has not been left behind in that debate. Unfortunately, some men and women still believe that for women to occupy influential positions in society is testimony to the coming of the end of the world. As a way of buttressing men's patriarchal or chauvinistic views, the bible is invoked to remind women about their place and role in society. Using a random sampling method, interviews were conducted with twenty-five men and twenty-five women in Harare, Zimbabwe, on their perspective on 1 Timothy 2: 11 in the light of the empowerment of women in Zimbabwean society. This paper seeks to prove that negative perceptions against women are unhelpful and retrogressive and go against millennium development goals, particularly when biblical texts like 1 Timothy 2: 11–12, Ephesians 5: 25, 1 Peter 3: 1–2, 1 Corinthians 7: 4–5 and 1 Corinthians 14: 33b–35 are invoked to fight against the empowerment of women in the face of HIV and AIDS. Biblical texts like 1 Timothy 2: 11–12 can be applied out of context and erroneously used to serve or support patriarchal agendas – a position that this paper dismisses as morally untenable and disadvantageous to the rights of contemporary women. Yet the majority of women, as in the case of Zimbabwe, bear the effects of HIV and AIDS, poverty, unemployment and domestic violence.

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Togarasei, Lovemore. "The Pentecostal Gospel of Prosperity in African Contexts of Poverty: An Appraisal." Exchange 40, no. 4 (2011): 336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254311x600744.

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AbstractThis paper discusses the paradox presented by two realities: the situation of extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa and the rapid growth of charismatic Pentecostal Christianity with its emphasis on prosperity. Earlier studies on Pentecostalism have identified its success among the poor as a result of its promise of prosperity. Indeed others have viewed this doctrine as an impetus for delusion. This paper critically reviews the Pentecostal gospel of prosperity in the context of the poverty experienced in sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, it discusses the possible contribution of this doctrine to sustainable development. Over and above a theorization of how this gospel can contribute to sustainable development for poverty reduction, the paper also discusses specific cases of how Pentecostal Christianity is contributing to poverty reduction in Zimbabwe and Botswana, for example.

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Chitiga, M., and R. Mabugu. "The impact of tariff reduction on poverty in Zimbabwe, A CGE top-down approach." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2015): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v8i1.1287.

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This paper uses a relatively new approach to quantify the effects of trade liberalisation on poverty. It relies on the combination of a standard, social accounting, matrix-based, computable general equilibrium model and household micro-data. These two tools are used sequentially in order to simulate the impact of trade policy reform. This framework enables the decomposition of the effects of trade liberalisation, which in turn allows for an analysis of alternative social policy packages. The methodology is applied to Zimbabwe for illustration. The results show that poverty is reduced by tariff reduction, although the poor households get the least benefits.

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Mhongera, Pamhidzayi Berejena, and Antoinette Lombard. "Poverty to more poverty: An evaluation of transition services provided to adolescent girls from two institutions in Zimbabwe." Children and Youth Services Review 64 (May 2016): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.03.013.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Poverty – Zimbabwe'

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