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1
GarciÌa, DiÌaz RociÌo. "Multidimensional poverty." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437569.
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Barasa, Davis Wekesa. "Tourism, poverty and poverty reduction in Msambweni district, Kenya." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/129917.
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This thesis examines the potential of tourism’s contribution to poverty reduction as perceived by local people in Msambweni district in Kenya. Whilst many studies in tourism have focused mainly on the macro-economic impacts of tourism in developing countries, there is little empirical work on understanding its effects upon poverty reduction. Furthermore, researches on how the poor or local people define poverty are also at their embryonic stage. The research utilises multiple qualitative methods and participatory approaches including focus group discussions and meetings. Key objectives of the research are: to critically analyse how poverty is conceptualised by local people; to identify the barriers to participation in the tourism industry and development process; and make recommendations on how to overcome them. The thesis reviews the theoretical framework of poverty within the discourse of development studies. Contrary to the conventional economic definition of poverty, poor people in Msambweni view it as a multidimensional concept. The understanding of the concept of poverty as perceived by the ‘poor’ themselves is critical for addressing barriers to their participation in the tourism development process and in designing meaningful tourism-led anti-poverty strategies. The thesis also reviews other relevant tourism concepts and development paradigms. The central argument of this thesis is that the current model of tourism development in Msambweni is not suitable for addressing poverty. The study identifies barriers to local people’s participation in tourism development in Msambweni. Key barriers include weak capacity in the context of physical, human, financial and institutional capital; corruption; poverty; lack of information; weak linkages with the local economy attributable to the lack of access to tourist markets; and the inability to develop and promote the ‘right’ types of tourism. Ecotourism, volunteer tourism and ‘philanthropy tourism’, although practiced on a small scale, are the most preferred types of tourism by local people. Philanthropy tourism, an emergent term of this study, involves tourists visiting local attractions, villages, and schools and making donations to support various projects. The study concludes that for tourism to have meaningful contribution to poverty reduction, barriers that limit local people’s participation must be addressed. There is also the need for a paradigm shift to embrace policies that facilitate the transfer of economic benefits from the macro-level towards the poor at the micro-level, combined with the development and promotion of the ‘right’ types of tourism as identified by local people.
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CampÃlo, Guaracyane Lima. "Three perspectives on Poverty in Brazil: Poverty Nutrition Trap, Infrastructure and Poverty, Malnutrition and Child Mortality." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10722.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>A tese à composta de trÃs artigos com metodologias e bases de dados diferentes e que objetivam analisar a pobreza sobre diferentes perspectivas. O primeiro artigo intitulado âArmadilha da pobreza nutricional: evidÃncias empÃricas para a Ãrea rural do Brasilâ investiga os impactos da subnutriÃÃo sobre a produtividade do trabalho, analisando a armadilha da pobreza nutricional (APN). Verifica-se o efeito da ingestÃo de micronutrientes (ferro e vitaminas A, B1 e B2) e de calorias sobre as rendas dos chefes de famÃlias para os setores agrÃcola, nÃo agrÃcola, conta-prÃpria e outros empregos. Utiliza-se uma variaÃÃo do mÃtodo de Durbin e McFadden (1984) para correÃÃo de viÃs de seleÃÃo baseado em modelos Logit Multinomiais. Os dados foram provenientes das Pesquisas de OrÃamento Familiar do IBGE de 2002-2003 e 2008-2009 para a Ãrea rural do Brasil. Os resultados demonstram que embora as deficiÃncias de micronutrientes ainda persistam como problemas de saÃde pÃblica, ocorreu uma melhora no perÃodo analisado. O segundo artigo denominado âO impacto da infraestrutura sobre a pobreza no Brasilâ propÃe-se a analisar o efeito dos investimentos pÃblicos em infraestrutura nos setores estratÃgicos da economia (transporte, energia, comunicaÃÃo, saÃde e saneamento) na reduÃÃo da pobreza, controlando outros determinantes tais como, o crescimento econÃmico, a desigualdade de renda, a educaÃÃo, a taxa de desemprego e as receitas governamentais no perÃodo de 1995 a 2009. O modelo estimado pelo mÃtodo de momentos generalizados-sistema (MMG-S) desenvolvido por Arellano-Bond (1991) e Blundel-Bond (1998), detectou uma relaÃÃo significante entre os investimentos em infraestrutura e pobreza, sendo estes uma ferramenta eficiente no combate desta. Os outros determinantes investigados desempenham um papel importante na dinÃmica da pobreza no Brasil. O teste de causalidade de Granger para dados em painel, proposto por Hurlin e Venet (2001, 2004) e Hurlin (2004, 2005) valida os resultados. O terceiro artigo intitulado âPobreza, subnutriÃÃo e mortalidade infantil no Brasil: evidÃncias regionais e suas implicaÃÃes para aÃÃes pÃblicasâ verifica os impactos de Ãndices antropomÃtricos sobre a mortalidade infantil. Os Ãndices utilizados foram: a proporÃÃo de crianÃas com baixo peso por idade, a proporÃÃo de crianÃas com baixo peso por altura e a proporÃÃo de crianÃas com baixa altura por idade. Assim, sÃo estimados trÃs modelos economÃtricos com o uso de uma base de dados em painel para os estados brasileiros no perÃodo de 2001 a 2008. Controlando outros determinantes, verificou-se que os Ãndices antropomÃtricos afetam positivamente a mortalidade infantil.<br>The thesis is composed of three articles with methodologies and different databases and aiming to analyze poverty from different perspectives. The first article entitled "Poverty nutrition trap: empirical evidence for the rural area of Brazil" investigates the impact of poor nutrition on labor productivity, analyzing poverty trap in relation to nutrition (APN). There is the effect of the intake of micronutrients (iron and vitamins A, B1 and B2) and calories on the incomes of the heads of households to the agricultural, non-agricultural self-employment and other jobs. Uses a variation of the method of Durbin and McFadden (1984) to correct for selection bias based on multinomial logit models. The data are from the Household Budget Surveys (IBGE) 2002-2003 and 2008-2009 for the rural area of Brazil. The results demonstrate that although micronutrient deficiencies still persist as public health problems in Brazil, there is an improvement in this period. The second article entitled "The impact of infrastructure on poverty in Brazil" is proposed to analyze the effect of investments infrastructure in strategic sectors of the economy (transport, energy, communication, health and sanitation) in reducing poverty controlling for other determinants such as economic growth, inequality, education, unemployment and government budget revenue for brazilian states, in the period 1995-2009. A model for dynamic panel data, estimated by generalized method of moments-system (MMG-S) in two steps, developed by Arellano-Bond (1991) and Blundel-Bond (1998) indicate, among other conclusions, a significant relationship between public investments in infrastructure and poverty, which are an effective tool in combating this. The other investigated variables play an important role in the dynamics of poverty in Brazil. The Granger causality test for panel data proposed by Hurlin and Venet (2001, 2004) and Hurlin (2004, 2005) validates the results. The third article entitled "Poverty, malnutrition and infant mortality in Brazil: regional evidence and its implications for public actions" verifies the impacts of anthropometric indices on child mortality (children aged less than five years) for Brazil. The indices applied for the children were based upon three measures: proportion weight by age; proportion of weight by height and the proportion of height by age. The empirical application relied on the estimations of three panel data econometric models, in which the cross sections units are the brazilian states and the time series in the period 2001- 2008. Controlling for other determinants, it could be concluded through the reliable estimates that theses anthropometric indices affect positively the infant mortality rate.
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Mafuya, Mzukisi Theophilus. "Urban poverty and poverty alleviation in the Nelson Mandela Metro." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018637.
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Poverty is generally acknowledged as one of the most serious problems facing post-apartheid South Africa. The biggest challenge facing South Africa localities today is their ability to cope with alarmingly high levels of unemployment that are severely retarding both economic growth and poverty. The growth of the poverty in South Africa increases the spread of poverty in communities in which the cycle of their poverty can be passed onto the next generation if not well addressed. South Africa is characterised by inequitable growth and development, a high degree of poverty, increasing demands and limited resources and challenge of integration. In order to fight poverty the South African government has introduced mechanisms and plans to alleviate poverty and to monitor and evaluate the impact of their policies and programmes on reduction of poverty, the government has prioritized poverty alleviation in its development agenda. To fight poverty the South African government introduced a well planned and coordinated programme known an Integrated and Development programme (IDP) with its main purpose that is to enhance service delivery and fight poverty through an integrated and aligned approach between different role players and stakeholders. The IDP seeks to promote integration by balancing the social, economic and ecological pillars of sustainability without compromising the institutional capacity required in the implementation.
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Mlinganiso, Mzwandile A. "Urban poverty and poverty alleviation in the Nelson Mandela Metro." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018902.
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South Africa as integral part of the global village has been affected by the global economic meltdown that affected some parts of the globe. The Government has her other three monsters to deal with which exacerbated after the meltdown, inter alia; poverty, unemployment and inequality. The heat is felt most on unemployment and poverty. The masses on the ground are the greatest victims. Missionvale just like other small areas is not immune to the scourge caused by the crisis alluded to before. The ripple effect of the crisis is felt in classroom, when manifestations emerge in different forms, leaving victims by the way side. Poverty is rife in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality as a consequence to that the title of the study on poverty alleviation came into being. South Africa as a country rich in natural and human resource experiences a high rate of unemployment and harbours the majority of people living in squalor and chronic poverty. Methodology approach to gather information for this study is through relevant literature consisting of books, legislation and interviews with knowledgeable individuals in the field. The study points out the major role the municipality in collaboration with other stakeholder, inter alia; social development, and other sister departments and NGO‟s can play towards poverty alleviation in Missionvale.
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Li, Yuk-shing Kevin, and 李育成. "Urban poverty and poverty reduction programs in Bangkok and Shanghai." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953153.
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Li, Yuk-shing Kevin. "Urban poverty and poverty reduction programs in Bangkok and Shanghai." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23457314.
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McCullough, Ryan Phillip. "Reconstructing poverty discourse." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2005. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=556.
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Saleh, M. "Poverty and environment." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31651.
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The future of the environment in the world is in the hands of its people estimated about 7Billion in which over one billion are poor, 925million (13.1% of population) are hungry, half of 2.2 billion children live in poverty around the world and in less than 10years 1Billion of the population will be 60yearsand so how much of this older person can contribute back to the society?, when the birth to death ratio is about 2.341:1.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31651
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Wykoff, Randy, and Kate E. Beatty. "Poverty & Health." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6859.
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FINETTI, SIMONA. "LA POVERTA' EDUCATIVA: UN'ANALISI IN PROSPETTIVA PEDAGOGICA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/118473.
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Il sintagma “povertà educativa”, introdotto in Italia da Save the Children nel 2014 e successivamente tradotto dalla stessa onlus come “educational poverty” in ambito internazionale, ha avuto un certo successo sul piano politico e istituzionale nel contesto italiano, contribuendo a catalizzare l’attenzione sulle povertà dei minori e, in particolare, su quelle immateriali. Negli anni è stato utilizzato per designare un complesso insieme di fenomeni, tuttavia dal punto di vista pedagogico è mancata una disamina critica che ne facesse emergere i significati latenti. Pur provenendo dall’ambito delle discipline economico-sociali, il costrutto di “povertà educativa” interpella in modo inequivoco la riflessione pedagogica, riferendosi evidentemente a dimensioni squisitamente pertinenti al mondo dell’educazione. La presente ricerca ne ha ricostruito le origini e ha cercato di delineare direzioni di senso utili alla definizione dello spettro delle diverse “povertà educative” e di possibili modi per prevenirle e contrastarle. Le fonti selezionate attingono a letteratura internazionale aggiornata a dicembre 2021. Ulteriore fonte sono le voci di adolescenti, raccolte durante un esercizio di ricerca qualitativa ispirato al movimento Student Voice e condotto con un approccio di derivazione fenomenologica.<br>The phrase “povertà educativa”, introduced in Italy by Save the Children Italia in 2014 and later translated internationally as “educational poverty” by the same organization, has been successful in Italy both politically and socially, contributing to drawing attention to child poverty and, in particular, to financing prevention projects and enforcement actions against non-material child poverty. Over the years it has been used to denote a complex set of phenomena, however a critical pedagogical examination was missing in order to bring out some of its implicit meanings. Even if it originated from the fields of economics and social sciences, the idea of an “educational” poverty unequivocally challenges the pedagogical reflection, clearly referring to dimensions that are uniquely relevant to the world of education, both in its formal and informal implications. The present research reconstructed its origins and tried to outline meaningful directions for defining both the spectrum of different "educational poverties" and possible ways of preventing and contrasting them. The selected sources were drawn from an international literature updated in December 2021. Furthermore, adolescent voices were collected during a qualitative research exercise inspired by the Student Voice movement and conducted with a phenomenological derivation approach.
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Mok, Thai Yoong. "Poverty lines, household economies of scale and urban poverty in Malaysia." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1788.
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This thesis presents three essays on Malaysia’s poverty profile based on the Household Expenditure Survey (HES). The first and second studies were motivated by the shortcomings of the official poverty lines and poverty measurements. There are several conceptual and measurement problems related to evaluating the extent of poverty in Malaysia. The first study offers several alternative regional poverty analyses based on the consumption expenditure approach with varying underlying assumptions. The poverty lines are estimated using Ravallion-Bidani and Kakwani-Sajaia approaches and the consumption pattern of the 10th and 20th percentile per capita expenditure (PCE) households. Regional poverty lines based on Kakwani-Sajaia and Ravallion-Bidani lower bounds produced robust poverty measurement rankings across regions in the country for both the 10th and 20th percentile PCE households. However, for the 10th percentile PCE, Ravallion’s upper bound poverty lines do not produce robust poverty rankings. In relation to the shortcomings of the official poverty measurements, the second study analyses the economies of scale in consumption, specifically amongst poor households. Using the 10th and 20th percentile PCE households, the household size economies are estimated using specifications proposed by Deaton-Paxson and Kakwani-Son. The findings show that the economies of scale indices are sensitive to the selection of methods and sample groups. Economies of scale in poor household consumption are present for food, housing, clothing, furnishing, personal goods and miscellaneous goods. This study further suggests that these indices be used as complementary to the existing national poverty measurements. The final study provides new insights into the limited urban poverty studies and to the new dimension of urban poverty. Using logistic regression, the determinants are analysed using the new poverty lines estimated in the earlier essay. The test of robustness of the determinants is conducted through re-estimating the logistic regression using a range of poverty lines. The findings show that education, locational dimension, foreign migrant workers and household size are significant determinants of poverty in the urban areas.
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Ren, Chunhui. "Modeling Poverty Dynamics in Moderate-Poverty Neighborhoods: A Multi-Level Approach." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322077398.
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Legge, Kate Eleanor. "Tackling poverty at home and abroad : New Labour's public politics of poverty." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14042/.
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This thesis provides a timely retrospective of New Labour's public politics of global and domestic poverty through examination of their speeches and policy documents and secondary literature on the post-war politics of poverty and development, New Labour and public attitudes to poverty. It adopts a 'public politics' approach, in understanding these speeches and policy documents as public political discourse and understanding politics in broad cultural terms as the discursive struggle to embed a particular vision of the social world in the public imagination, and provides a rare example of a crossdomain study of New Labour, seeking to connect analysis of global and domestic policy. As such it contributes to what Colin Hay has called the 'new political science of British politics'. Both global and domestic poverty received a greater public political profile under New Labour than could have been envisaged in 1997. By the end of their first term they had made high-profile, time-specific commitments in both domains. Global poverty in particular gained unprecedented public attention in the build-up to the G8 Summit in 2005 and New Labour was centre stage in the political spectacle of Make Poverty History. This followed a period of neo-liberal dominance in which poverty was absent from the domestic political lexicon and subsumed by structural adjustment imperatives in the global domain. This comparative study of the public politics of poverty asks: whether New Labour made explicit connections between their global and domestic poverty discourses and commitments, and if so, what the nature of these connections were; what the 'narratives' employed to justify government action to tackle poverty were, and the similarities and differences between the two poverty domains; whether the general public shared these 'narratives' and, if not, how they differed; how New Labour's 'public politics of poverty' evolved over time in both global and domestic domains; and what the key characteristics of New Labour's public politics of poverty were, how could have differed, and what impact they appeared to have had on public opinion.
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Yates, Samantha Jane. "Living with poverty in post-Soviet Russia : social perspectives on urban poverty." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417810.
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Rose, Harriett DeAnn. "Dallas, Poverty, and Race: Community Action Programs in the War on Poverty." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9042/.
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Dallas is a unique city whose history has been overshadowed by its elite. The War on Poverty in Dallas, Texas, has been largely overlooked in the historical collective. This thesis examines the War on Poverty, more specifically, Community Action Programs (Dallas County Community Action Committee) and its origin and decline. It also exams race within the federal program and the push for federal funding among the African American and Mexican American communities. The thesis concludes with findings of the politicization of the Mexican American community and the struggle with African Americans for political equality.
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Rose, Harriett DeAnn Calderón Roberto R. "Dallas, poverty and race community action programs in the war on poverty /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9042.
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Fürst, Josefin. "Preventing Poverty - Creating Identity." Thesis, Södertörn University College, Institute of Contemporary History, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1832.
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<p>This paper has two aims. The first aim is to study and describe the manifest ideology of the EU's social policy. The second aim is to analyse to what extent the manifest ideology might be a part of building a common European identity - by finding common solutions to commonEuropean problems (problems, more or less constructed as common). The research is a critical ideology analysis, made up of a qualitative text analysis of EU social policy documents and National strategy reports (NSR). I ask two questions. Firstly, which are the main features in the manifest ideology of EU social policy as described in the texts? Secondly, what picture of a European identity is visible when reading the EU social policy texts and the National Strategy Reports? I have found five main features of the manifest ideology. These revolve around: how the world and change in the world are described according to the EU; the mutual interaction between the Lisbon objectives and greater social cohesion; the creating of social cohesion; the importance of how policies are constructed and implemented and the EU's self-image. The texts offer either two quite different pictures with regards to the question of a European identity or ones that is partly incoherent. The analysed EU policy texts put across a picture of a uniform Europe, suggest that there is something genuinely European and a common European identity. However, the picture obtained when reading the NSRs and the collected picture of the EU policy texts and the NSRs is much less coherent. The paper argues that the manifest ideology could be a part of building a European identity, but it does not manage to prove that it actually is.</p>
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Tindal, Jonathan Winston. "Bonaventure, poverty, and stewardship." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2006. http://www.tren.com.
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Esposito, Lucio. "Essays in Poverty Measurement." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514307.
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Murray, Colleen R. "A Response to Poverty." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2015. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/176.
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Current social norms support statistics that reflect the uneven distribution of economic resources within the United States. Local Catholic parishes, including its parishioners, have a responsibility to address the needs of the poor by participating in outreach to others. This is true within upper-income parishes where access to a variety of resources could provide support to those with far fewer resources. Church tradition provides the means for understanding why care for the poor is a priority and responsibility in the life of a parish. The belief of “imago Dei” forms a basis of establishing that human life has value due to the equal dignity that is present in all of humanity. Within this broad context, the Second Vatican Council maintained that the Church has a mission to be a sacrament of salvation that animates Jesus’ ministry of care for life in the world today. Subsequently, church members have a responsibility to be the animators for her mission by answering the call to create and form a community in which there exists mutual responsibility and kinship amongst all her members.
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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, Stephan Klasen, and Konstantin M. Wacker. "There is poverty convergence." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4807/1/wp213.pdf.
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Martin Ravallion ("Why Don't We See Poverty Convergence?" American Economic Review, 102(1): 504-23; 2012) presents evidence against the existence of convergence in global poverty rates despite convergence in household mean income levels and the close linkage between income growth and poverty reduction. We show that this finding is driven by a specification that demands more than simple convergence in poverty headcount rates and assumes a growth elasticity of poverty reduction, which is well-known to accelerate with low initial poverty levels. If we motivate the poverty convergence equation using an arguably superior growth semi-elasticity of poverty reduction, we find highly significant and robust evidence of convergence in absolute poverty headcount ratios and poverty gaps. Relatedly, we show that the results in Ravallion (2012) are driven by the special income growth and poverty dynamics in Central and Eastern European transition economies that started with low initial poverty rates and thus observed a high elasticity of poverty reduction. Once we control for their abnormal poverty dynamics, we again find robust evidence of global convergence in poverty, even in the original specification by Ravallion (2012). (authors' abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Weiss, John A. "Poverty Targeting in Asia." Edward Elgar, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3477.
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Wilson, Lawrence. "Individualized Consideration: Poverty Countermeasure." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/81.
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Despite more than $1 trillion spent annually on poverty remediation, impoverishment in the United States persists unabated. With a U.S. poverty rate greater than 10% for more than 4 decades, economics are neither poverty's cause nor cure. As such, non-economic poverty remedies require exploration and expansion. Linking greater leadership and poverty theories, this non-experimental, cross sectional, quantitative, survey-based research effort correlated individualized consideration's (IC) practice with collegiate athlete graduation rates in order to identify and isolate possible leadership based social poverty remediation measures. Leveraging a two-stage random sample, this research effort correlated student athlete Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire (form 5X) responses with educational attainment. An ANOVA of 210 participants (rs = .77) indicated a strong correlation between IC practice and athlete matriculation rates. Strong correlational relationships indicate transformative leadership may serve to advance educational attainment and power poverty remediation. Results further suggest developmental leader actions (rs = .68) were significantly more integral to follower progression than supportive leadership behaviors (rs = .37). Research effort findings offer comprehensive individual, communal, institutional, and societal modification opportunity while promising advancement for society's most disadvantaged members. Finally and most importantly, this research supports positive social change through human forward progression, improving life-conditions for society's most disadvantaged members.
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Sepahvand, Mohammad. "The Analysis of Rural Poverty in Ethiopia : regarding the three measurements of poverty." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-107470.
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This paper analyses rural poverty in Ethiopia using the 1997 round of household survey data from the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey. Poverty measurements are estimated using a consumption based two-step procedure through the implementation of the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke model. The results indicate that the incidence of rural poverty is high for villages that have lower conditions for agriculture. These findings imply that poverty reduction can be possible through effective policies toward improving the conditions for agriculture in the rural areas. Moreover, examination of the connection between different socioeconomic characteristics and poverty indicates that households consisting of household heads with a higher age and availability of farmland are relatively less poor. However, households where the household head has completed at least primary school suffer from most incidence of poverty. Furthermore, this study use three different definitions of poverty in connection to well-being to determine poverty. It is possible to state that these measurements are different modifications of each other with common variables and follow the same trend. The results of the paper may increase our understanding of the nature of rural poverty in Ethiopia and help in providing different poverty reducing policies, for the specific survey round.
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Summers, John Henry. "The Poverty of News Discourse: The news coverage of poverty in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science and Communication, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/890.
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This thesis uses methods of discourse analysis to examine the news coverage of poverty in New Zealand. It seeks to find the extent to which dominant discourses, those that reinforce the dominant order, are reproduced and become hegemonic in the coverage of poverty. The use of news sources and their effect on poverty coverage, as well as the news' assumption of shared values are also examined. This thesis argues that through such processes news coverage reproduces dominant discourses that elide the extent to which poverty can be seen as an important and problematic social issue in New Zealand. This thesis analyses a range of New Zealand news texts about poverty. It looks at the press coverage of a Unicef announcement about child poverty in 2005. It also includes an analysis of news stories that refer to poverty, the poor and issues of welfare over a month in 2005. The final chapter of research analyses two television documentaries, The Streetkids and Life on the Streets, that are about aspects of homelessness in New Zealand. This study finds the reporting of poverty in New Zealand to be inadequate, containing debate over poverty and reproducing the hegemony of dominant discourses.
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Davids, Yul Derek. "Explaining poverty : a comparison between perceptions and conditions of poverty in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5318.
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Thesis (DPhil (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>Bibliography<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this dissertation I explore people’s perceptions of the causes of poverty. Literature
reveals that there are three broad theoretical explanations of perceptions of the causes of
poverty: individualistic explanations, where blame is placed squarely on the poor
themselves; structural explanations, where poverty is blamed on external social and
economic forces; and fatalistic explanations, which attribute poverty to factors such as
bad luck or illness. Furthermore, the findings of studies reviewed showed that these
explanations interact with socio-economic and demographic variables such as race,
geographical location, education, lived poverty index (LPI), living standard measure
(LSM) and employment. I therefore critically examine explanations of poverty among
South Africans as measured by individualistic, structural and fatalistic dimensions and
how it interacts with the socio-economic and demographic variables.
Employing a national representative survey of 3510 adults aged 18 and older conducted
by the Human Sciences Research Council between 18 April and 30 May 2006 the
findings of the present study confirmed most of the theoretical arguments cited in the
literature. For instance, South Africans, in general, perceive the causes of poverty in
structural terms, but a large proportion of respondents also perceive the causes of poverty
in individualistic terms. Access to basic necessities influenced perceptions of the causes
of poverty since the poor mostly perceived poverty in structural rather than individualistic
terms. White South Africans in contrast to black Africans perceive the causes of poverty
mostly in individualistic terms. Coloured respondents are the most fatalistic in their
perceptions of the causes of poverty. Further analysis show that respondents living in
traditional areas compared to those in urban formal areas are less likely to have structural
perceptions of the causes of poverty. This is a very interesting finding because my
examination on the extent of lived poverty in showed that the urban formal areas have the
smallest proportion of respondents that have gone without basic necessities over the past
year if contrasted to the traditional, rural formal and urban informal areas. I found that
education had no significant impact on structural perceptions of the causes of poverty. In
spite of my assessment of the extent of access to basic necessities which revealed that a large proportion of respondents with primary education compared to those with tertiary
education go without these basic necessities.
In addition, the study found that the relationship between the socio-economic and
demographic variables and the structural, individualistic and fatalistic perceptions of the
causes of poverty is considerably more complex and that it is possible for the race group,
level of education, employment status and geographical location of the respondent all to
interact in a multidimensional manner and have an impact on how the causes of poverty
is perceived. However, the three linear regressions examining the relationship between
the socio-economic and demographic variables and the structural, individualistic and
fatalistic perceptions of the causes of poverty should be interpreted with caution because
the explanatory power of the three regression models is quite weak (as indicated by
Adjusted R²).
In sum, the present study is extremely relevant in many ways and makes a unique
contribution at both a methodological and policy level. Methodologically, the findings
showed that the LPI may contribute to the proposed poverty line suggested for South
Africa. As such, the findings offer a valuable message for the country’s decision makers
about South Africans’ perceptions of the causes of poverty.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die persepsies van die publiek met verwysing na die
oorsake van armoede. Die literatuur dui op drie breë teoretiese verklarings aangaande
persepsies oor die oorsake van armoede: individualistiese verklarings wat die blaam
vierkantig op die armes self plaas, strukturele verklarings wat armoede toeskryf aan
eksterne sosiale en ekonomiese magte en dan fatalistiese verklarings wat armoede
toeskryf aan faktore soos die noodlot of siekte. Navorsing toon dat hierdie verklarings in
interaksie met sosio-demografies, ekonomiese veranderlikes soos ras, geografiese
ligging, opvoeding, indiensneming; die ‘Lived Poverty Index’ en geslag verkeer. Die
huidige verhandeling ondersoek dus krities die verklarings, in terme van armoede onder
Suid-Afrikaners, soos gemeet deur die individualistiese, strukturele en fatalistiese
dimensies en hul interaksie met sosio-demografiese en ekonomiese veranderlikes.
‘n Nasionale verteenwoordingende opname van 3,510 volwassenes, 18 jaar en ouer wat
tussen 18 April en 30 Mei 2009 deur die Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing
uitgevoer het die meeste van die teoretiese argumente waarna in die literatuur verwys
word bevestig. Byvoorbeeld, Suid-Afrikaners het oor die algemeen armoede vanuit
strukturele perspektief waargeneem. Groot proporsie van respondente het armoede
egter aan individualistiese faktore toegeskryf. Toegang tot basiese noodsaaklikhede het
die persepsies van armoede beïnvloed aangesien die armes armoede meestal toegeskryf
het aan strukturele eerder as individualistiese dimensies.
Blankes, in vergelyking met Swart Suid-Afrikaners, het individualistiese eerder as
strukturele persepties getoon. Kleurling repondente was die mees fatalisties aangaande
hul persepsies oor die oorsake van armoede. Respondente wat in tradisionele landelike
areas woon het armoede in mindere mate toegeskryf aan strukturele persepsies in
vergelyking met repondente woonagtig in formele stedelike areas. Dit was baie
interesante resultaat omdat daar verwag is dat respondente wat in tradisionele landelike
areas woon armoede eerder sou toeskryf aan strukturele persepsies, terwyl repondente
woonagtig in formele stedelike areas meer individualistiese persepsies sou openbaar. Die studie het ook bevind dat opvoeding en indiensneming geen merkwaardige invloed het op
persepsies oor die oorsake van armoede nie.
‘n Verdere bevinding van die studie was dat die verhouding tussen die sosio-ekonomiese
en demografiese veranderlikes en die struturele, individualistiese en fatalistiese
persepsies van armoede aansienlik meer ingewikkeld en kompleks is. Dit is dus moontlik
dat die rassegroep, vlak van opvoeding, indiensnemingstatus en geografiese ligging van
respondent saam op multi-dimensionele manier in interaksie kan verkeer en dus
impak kan hê op hoe armoede deur die respondent gesien word. Dit is belangrik om
daarop te let dat die drie regressie analises wat die verhouding tussen die sosioekonomiese
en demografiese veranderlikes en die struturele, individualistiese en
fatalistiese persepsies van armoede ondersoek baie versigtig geinterpreteer moet word
aangesien die verklaringsterkte van die drie regressies baie swak is.
Ter opsomming was die studie onder bespreking uiters relevant ten opsigte van verskeie
areas en het dit dus unieke bydrae gemaak tot beide metodologiese en beleidskwessies.
Metodologies het die bevindinge getoon dat die ‘Lived Poverty Index’ kan bydra tot die
voorgestelde armoede-lyn vir Suid-Afrika. Die bevindinge bied waardevolle inligting vir
die land se besluitnemers aangaande Suid-Afrikaners se persepsies oor die oorsake van
armoede.
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Cattell, Victoria R. "Poverty, community and health : social networks as mediators between poverty and well-being." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1997. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/9776/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues that social networks are key mediators between the harsh circumstances of people's lives and their lived experience and perceptions of health and well being. The thesis offers a critical review of the literature on health inequalities and social networks and health and from this identifies key concepts which serve as analytical/heuristic tools in approaching a study of the dynamics between poverty, community and health in the Lea Valley area of London. The complexities of the relationship between these various aspects of life are currently under researched in the literature. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are utilised. A statistical overview of the Lea Valley was undertaken and confirmed relationships between lower social class, poverty and deprivation (on a comprehensive range of measures) and poor health for the region. The evidence is considered in relation to current conceptual approaches to poverty. Two deprived areas are chosen as exemplary case studies and through detailed analysis of interview data the relationship between neighbourhood, social networks and the experience of health and well being is illustrated. Different social network formations were found to mediate poverty and health in different ways. Local patterns of social networks were influenced by local structural and historical features, by facilities and opportunities, including opportunities for positive neighbouring, for forming friendship networks, and for participation in local life as well as for casual interaction. Individuals' social networks were influenced by characteristics of their neighbourhood, by their perceptions of their community as well as by their experience of work, their values, and attitudes to others. It is suggested that the range of membership groups in an individual's network has implications for the mechanisms involved in the relationship between networks and health. Health promoting functions of networks and health protecting or damaging attributes and attitudes were found to be closely related to the type of network identified. Different network models also helped people to cope with poverty and life’s problems in different ways. It is concluded that social networks, attitudes and values, coping resources and health and well being are closely linked. A conception of social cohesion at the neighbourhood level is offered, based on interaction, strong community perceptions, solidarity, trust, inclusion and tolerance, with adequate distribution of resources and availability of work as preconditions.
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Samur, Zúñiga Antonia Fernanda. "Income and multidimensional child poverty in Chile : using the new poverty measurement methodology." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130753.
Full textAbstract:
Seminario para optar al título de Ingeniero Comercial, Mención Economía<br>This seminar addresses child poverty in Chile from the new poverty measurement methodology (released in January 2015 by the Ministry of Social Development), both from an income and a multidimensional approach. The objective is to emphasize the importance of developing appropriate tools to measure and characterize child poverty, given its overrepresentation on poverty measures in the country and the gravity of the negative consequences poverty has over a child’s future development. This work analyzes the evolution of child poverty patterns in time, measured with data from the CASEN Household Survey, from 1990 to 2013 for the traditional methodology, and from 2006 to 2013 for the new methodology. The overrepresentation of children in poverty measures is shown using a monetary approach. Then this work analyzes the dynamics of income and multidimensional poverty, to finish with a deeper study of the specific deprivations children experience at a household level and a description of aggregated multidimensional poverty measures. The Alkire & Foster (2007) methodology is used to measure aggregated multidimensional indicators, which allows to analyze certain sub groups of the population. Results show that although indicators for the multidimensional measure are not child-specific, the aggregated indicators show a higher poverty rate for children than for adults, which is also the case using a monetary approach. In addition, its shown that using a multidimensional measure does add value, since both methodologies identify different segments of the population, having an overlap of less than 40% of the income poor.<br>El presente seminario aborda la pobreza infantil en Chile desde la nueva metodología de medición de pobreza (publicada en Enero de 2015 por el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social), tanto con un enfoque por ingresos como con un enfoque multidimensional. El objetivo es enfatizar la importancia de desarrollar herramientas para medir y caracterizar adecuadamente la pobreza en la niñez, dada su sobrerrepresentación en las medidas de pobreza en el país, y dada la gravedad de las consecuencias negativas que esta puede generar en el desarrollo futuro de un niño o adolescente. Este trabajo analiza cómo se comportan los patrones de pobreza infantil en el tiempo, medido a partir de los datos de la Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica, desde 1990 hasta 2013 para la metodología tradicional, y desde 2006 hasta 2013 para la nueva metodología. Primero se utiliza el enfoque monetario para mostrar la sobrerrepresentación de la población infantil en la población pobre del país, luego se analiza la dinámica entre la pobreza por ingresos y la multidimensional, y para concluir se ahonda en las privaciones que vive la población infantil desde un enfoque multidimensional. Se utiliza la metodología de agregación de Alkire y Foster (2007) para calcular los indicadores de pobreza multidimensional, lo que permite analizar ciertos subgrupos de la población. Los resultados muestran que a pesar de los indicadores no ser específicos para niños, todas las medidas agregadas de pobreza multidimensional son mayores para la población infantil que para la población adulta, al igual que con el enfoque monetario. Además se muestra que sí existe un valor al medir la pobreza desde una perspectiva multidimensional, ya que ambos enfoques identifican a segmentos diferentes de la población, existiendo un overlap de menos del 40% de los pobres por ingresos.
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Seibert, Salita. "The Gospel of Poverty: Poverty, Philanthropy, and Eighteenth-Century British Literature, 1700- 1759." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/783.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of my dissertation is British philanthropic literature, beginning in 1723 with Bernard Mandeville’s controversial criticism of public charity and ending with Jonas Hanway, arguably the most famous figure in the eighteenth-century London charity scene, in the 1750s. Henry Fielding’s novel Tom Jones (1749) and William Dodd’s novels The Sisters; or the History of Lucy and Caroline Sanson (1754) and the posthumous The Magdalen or, History of the First Penitent Prostitute (1783) round out this project, which also considers sermons, economist treatise, histories, travel writing, reform proposals, and philosophical essays as philanthropic literature. The range of fiction and nonfiction texts, which I categorize as philanthropic literature, help answer crucial questions about how social institutions formed with the goal of assisting the poor actually reinforced social and economic inequality. Those questions include, how was poverty theorized as economic problems, social problems, or class problems? And how was philanthropy represented as an answer to those problems? How were the poor defined, proscribed, and confined by these different concerns? Finally, how were philanthropic institutions shaped by discourses of gender, class, and empire? During this period, the poor were consistently viewed as a threat to the existing social and economic order due to their laziness, ignorance, and criminal nature. The poor laws and workhouses, alongside charitable societies with their associated schools and hospitals, all sought to make the poor more socially useful through discipline, education, or a combination of the two. Over the course of the eighteenth-century, I argue, philanthropic writing expresses several important changes in the institutional mission and strategies of public charities. First, philanthropic literature move from adamantly rejecting any possible link between benevolence and personal gain to promoting charity using a combination of nationalistic, religious, and economic inducements. Second, there is a shift from considering somatic to mental disciplinary methods as a means of control over the poor. Thus, philanthropic writers in the 1750s begin promoting choice and self-surveillance rather than force and public surveillance as elements of charity. After establishing the economic and moral terms, which undergirded charity, this dissertation considers the ways different authors associated with the eighteenthcentury London philanthropic community represent the poor, imagine charity, and attempt to shape public opinion through their writing. Unraveling the logic and practices of the period described by many as the “Age of Philanthropy” helps us to recognize, question, and critique charitable practices and concerns. My examination of the eighteenth-century poor and charity serves as an important reminder that charity is not always synonymous with good; and that philanthropy is not and never has been a benign social institution.
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Mishor, Yishai. "Law, poverty and time : the dynamics of poverty in constitutional human rights adjudication." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:62ccd8ed-4634-493c-900d-15d5446746e4.
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Poverty is an event in time. Only dynamic thinking can fully capture its reality. This thesis contends that human rights case law is based on a static perception of poverty inconsistent with the dynamic perception of poverty in economics. Failing to notice its temporal aspects, the examined courts consequently produce judgments that overlook essential aspects of this socio-economic phenomenon. This is puzzling, since in other contexts of constitutional human rights adjudication the passage of time bears a significant role. This means that for courts to switch from a static perspective to a dynamic perspective of poverty does not require new legal tools. The duration of poverty and change in poverty can be incorporated into judicial thinking using familiar norms and doctrines. The extent of poverty, whether it is transitory or a long-term situation, the chances of escaping it in the near future, the fluctuations in depth of poverty over the years, the probability that upon emerging from poverty one will be caught up in it again, the inheritance of poverty from parents to children: these are all time-related concerns that bear profound significance on the lives of poor people. A static examination not only overlooks these issues, but also neglects the essence of long-term poverty. Viewing poverty through the lens of time would reveal a broader and more complex human rights picture, producing a richer legal analysis, and, finally, leading to a more suitable remedy. This study examines cases that consider claims relating to the economic situation of poor people, concentrating on examples from France, Canada and Israel. The analysis reveals the temporal approach of each judgment and suggests an alternative, dynamic reading of poverty.
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Johnson, Kelly Singleton. "Quantitative Poverty: Relationship Between Poverty Level and Population Size, GDP, and Gini Coefficient." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4455.
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This research examines why poverty has been persistent in all regimes that have tried to use public policy to eradicate it with no success. This research begins to examine the economic, fiscal, and current Federal Reserve monetary policy for an understanding of why poverty persists. The purpose of this experimental, cross-sectional design is to test the relationship between poverty level, population size, gross domestic product and the Gini coefficient. The most important outcome of the research is to understand if poverty is an unintended consequence of economic activity and not individual circumstance. In the dissertation, 5 U.S. states are examined in the year 2014. The data were collected using the U.S. Census Bureau and American Community Surveys. Using multiple regression, this research aimed to establish the minimum amount of expected poverty in the sample's population and gross domestic product (GDP). Using the results and further research, a predictive model could be created to understand how poverty, population, and GDP intersect to create stable economies. The key results yielded the Gini coefficient has no effect in predicting expected poverty levels. As determined by the model, Arizona would have a poverty decrease of 17.1% and Illinois' poverty would decrease by 7.7%. Georgia and Washington would increase by 9.4% and 21.8%, respectively. New York's levels would remain the same. One of the recommendations is continuing research to understand other quantitative factors that reduce or increase poverty numbers. These results help promote social change by possibly informing monetary policymakers more targeted solutions to mitigating poverty levels.
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Littmarck, Sofia. "Basic Income Grant Towards Poverty Alleviation in Namibia : A discourse analysis of conceptions of poverty and poverty alleviation within the BIG Coalition." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-59873.
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<p>Namibia is one of the most unequal countries in the world and has high rates of poverty. In the thesis the proposal for a basic income grant as a strategy for poverty alleviation in Namibia is analyzed. The study is based on six interviews with the Basic Income Grant Coalition in Namibia and their four publications. The theoretical and methodological framework is Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis and social theory of discourse. Conceptions about the economical and political situation of Namibia in relation to inequality are discussed, as well as the image of the desired citizen in neo-liberal societies. Poverty is conceptualized as a trap where the BIG is regarded as a way out from poverty to a situation of confidence, engagement and economic activity. Contemporary classifications and means testing for social grants are problematized as inefficient and discriminative. The BIG is regarded as right in the context of the big inequalities in Namibia. It is suggested that the BIG Coalition with the proposal for the grant also offers alternative conceptions about Namibia and about the possibilities for change in the situation of poverty.</p>
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Vallaster, Jodi Reese. "Recognizing and Supporting the Forgotten Poverty Frontier| Exploring Suburban School Poverty in Elementary Schools." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13425686.
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<p> Modern suburban school districts have experienced a significant shift in demographics over the last decade making them more diverse in race, ethnicity, income and ability level. The income diversity in suburban districts can hide pockets of significant need in the community. Due to the formulas associated with federal programs, suburban districts are less likely to receive supplemental funds to support vulnerable students. This study utilizes a case study approach and offers a unique view into the phenomenon by examining the work of a suburban school which has narrowed the achievement gap between economically disadvantaged students and their more affluent peers without the assistance of federal funds. Data includes interviews with 18 previous and current administrators, teachers and other staff, meeting observations, and a review of school documents and artifacts. Findings note the school maximizes its limited resources, empowers teachers to be instructional leaders through trusting relationships, has a robust support system for students and builds a welcoming school culture. Shield’s (2001) transformative leadership framework was used as a theoretical lens to explore the school’s practices. </p><p> The results of this study enhance the understanding of suburban schools with diverse populations by (a) identifying the multi-tiered support system that increases achievement of all students; (b) recognizes the school climate and culture among staff and students that create an environment that reinforces learning; and (c) illustrates how relationships between administrators and teachers can reinforce the instructional practices of the school. </p><p>
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Brors, Saga, and Fredrik Thor. "What About Poverty? : A multidimensional approach to the poverty focus of Swedish bilateral aid." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326412.
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This study examines the poverty focus of Swedish bilateral aid and if a multidimensional poverty measure has an effect on the selection of Swedish strategy countries within Sida’s bilateral aid program. Sweden, while generally seen as an altruistic donor, has been noted to allocate resources to relatively richer countries as a result of its wider aim with ODA such as democratic progress and human rights protection. To analyze the relationship between Swedish bilateral aid and poverty, we use concentration curves and a logistic regression for the year of 2016 for Sweden’s strategy countries. The regressions are performed using two measures of poverty, the Multidimensional Poverty Index and extreme monetary poverty (1.9$/day), controlling for institutional and strategic factors. The results for Sweden’s bilateral aid program show a slight poverty focus in terms of multidimensional poverty, as well as tendencies to focus on consistency, geopolitics and comparative advantages. There is no significant relationship between strategy countries and degree of monetary poverty. The results are largely aligned with Swedish policy objectives.
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D’Errico, Marco <1974>. "Assessing poverty with survey data. Uni-dimensional, multidimensional and resilience poverty analysis in Kenya." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4194/1/marco_derrico_tesi.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Traditionally Poverty has been measured by a unique indicator, income, assuming this was the most relevant dimension of poverty.
Sen’s approach has dramatically changed this idea shedding light over the existence of many more dimensions and over the multifaceted nature of poverty; poverty cannot be represented by a unique indicator that only can evaluate a specific aspect of poverty.
This thesis tracks an ideal path along with the evolution of the poverty analysis. Starting from the unidimensional analysis based on income and consumptions, this research enter the world of multidimensional analysis. After reviewing the principal approaches, the Foster and Alkire method is critically analyzed and implemented over data from Kenya. A step further is moved in the third part of the thesis, introducing a new approach to multidimensional poverty assessment: the resilience analysis.
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D’Errico, Marco <1974>. "Assessing poverty with survey data. Uni-dimensional, multidimensional and resilience poverty analysis in Kenya." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4194/.
Full textAbstract:
Traditionally Poverty has been measured by a unique indicator, income, assuming this was the most relevant dimension of poverty.
Sen’s approach has dramatically changed this idea shedding light over the existence of many more dimensions and over the multifaceted nature of poverty; poverty cannot be represented by a unique indicator that only can evaluate a specific aspect of poverty.
This thesis tracks an ideal path along with the evolution of the poverty analysis. Starting from the unidimensional analysis based on income and consumptions, this research enter the world of multidimensional analysis. After reviewing the principal approaches, the Foster and Alkire method is critically analyzed and implemented over data from Kenya. A step further is moved in the third part of the thesis, introducing a new approach to multidimensional poverty assessment: the resilience analysis.
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Sanders, Lynn M. "Poverty in an affluent nation : causes and solutions to the problem of poverty in the United States /." Connect to online version, 2006. http://ada.myholyoke.edu/setr/wedsrc/pdfs/www/2006/163.pdf.
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Ahammer, Alexander, and Stefan Kranzinger. "Poverty in Times of Crisis." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5444/1/WP_Poverty_in_Times_of_Crisis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This paper evaluates the impact of a large macroeconomic shock on poverty. In particular, we use longitudinal data from the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) comprising almost two million individuals from 29 European countries in order to quantify changes in poverty transition patterns caused by the 2007 global financial crisis. Because the crisis was largely unforeseeable, it provides an appealing natural experiment allowing us to isolate the causal effect of a substantial macroeconomic shock on poverty. Employing semiparametric mixed discrete time survival analysis, we find that conditional poverty entry hazards increased temporarily by 13.4% during the crisis, while post-crisis they are estimated to be 15.7% lower than before. Not only entry hazards have decreased,
also conditional exit hazards are estimated to be 31.4% lower post-crisis compared to before. Ceteris paribus, the crisis therefore has made it more difficult to slip into poverty, yet those who were already poor face substantially lower prospects to escape. Exploring determinants of poverty transitions, we find that being retired, having a permanent job, owning one's dwelling instead of renting it, age, marital status, and household size are the most important protective factors against poverty. Finally, we show that mostly a housing cost overburden seems to be responsible for the persistence of poverty.<br>Series: INEQ Working Paper Series
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Adams, C. Jon. "Franciscan poverty, then and now." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20779.pdf.
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Ceci, Christine. "Woman, mother, poverty interpretive gestures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0015/MQ47987.pdf.
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Panudulkitti, Panupong. "Urbanization and Poverty Reduction Outcomes." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/45.
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This dissertation attempts to examine the effect of urbanization on poverty reduction outcomes by considering various dimensions of poverty and channels of reducing poverty. First, we develop a theoretical model in order to infer a relationship between urbanization and poverty reduction outcomes. Specifically, it shows an optimal level of urbanization to properly allocate basic public infrastructure and promote pro-poor growth. Second, we conduct empirical analysis on international data to examine the testable hypotheses that are derived from the theoretical model. Further, we explore the “channeled effects” of urbanization on basic education and health by the IV estimation and on productivity by the dynamic panel GMM estimation. As the theoretical model suggests, our results exhibit the statistically significant relationship in a non-linear form between urbanization and poverty. In addition, we explore the impact of urbanization on poverty reduction outcomes in different regions in order to see the various magnitudes of urbanization effects among regions.
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周凱詩 and Hoi-sze Elsie Chow. "Globalisation and poverty: planners' roles." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260779.
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Wason, Deborah. "Measuring child poverty in Lesotho." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/610/.
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Hossain, Naomi Therese. "Elites and poverty in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270558.
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Eskola, Anna Elina. "Trade and poverty in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432424.
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Devicienti, Francesco. "Essays on earnings and poverty." Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274370.
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Zoli, Claudio. "Inequality, welfare and poverty comparisons." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288182.
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Rewilak, Johan. "Financial development and poverty alleviation." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28576.
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In this thesis I empirically examine the role of formal financial sector development in poverty alleviation. Three important contributions to the literature are made. In Chapter 2 I find that financial development aids the incomes of the poor in certain regions, whilst it may be detrimental to the poor's income in others. This contrasts with the evidence that economic growth is universally important for poverty reduction. Chapter 3 investigates the relationship between finance and health. My results show that a 10% increase in financial depth reduces infant and child mortality by approximately 1%. Additionally, I find that those who have bank accounts are less likely to cancel doctors' appointments, cease the use of regular medication, and cut back on staple food consumption. This is through accessing deposits or borrowing to pay for medical treatment. These findings are consistent with the theory that a well developed financial system may permit individuals to maintain their health levels when faced with an unexpected illness. These findings build on the literature by examining non-monetary aspects of poverty. Chapter 4 examines the relationship between financial access and poverty reduction. I find that a 10% increase in financial breadth may reduce absolute poverty by 0.2%. The results suggest that increasing ATM provision (and the most basic services of financial intermediation) is important for poverty reduction relative to offering more complicated financial instruments to the poor. These findings make a signifcant contribution to our understanding of how the financial system may be used as a tool to alleviate poverty.
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O'Hare, Sian E. M. "Essays on poverty and wellbeing." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21806.
Full textAbstract:
Although economic growth has brought significant improvements in the standard of living in the UK over recent decades, there are still individuals living in poverty. Furthermore poverty in the UK is expected to rise. Although monetary poverty has wide ranging impacts such as poor health, low educational attainment and employability and reduced life expectancy, it does not (in the form of a poverty line at 60% of the median equivalised household income) appear to have an impact on wellbeing when the threshold was tested. Instead, multidimensional poverty – that purported by the Capabilities Approach – is a more individually relevant measure of poverty. Using a list, developed by Nussbaum, of core capabilities seen as essential for human life, capability measures were taken from the British Household Panel Survey. In analysis, some are found to be significant determinants of wellbeing, individually and in sum. Furthermore, individuals within the dataset experience loss aversion to capabilities. This thesis concludes that poverty measurement should be meaningful at the individual level, and to that aim, the Capabilities Approach provides a richer and more relevant evaluation of what poverty really means.