Journal articles: 'Powder Characterization'

1

McCauley, James. "Standardizing Powder Characterization." Materials and Processing Report 2, no. 11 (February 1988): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08871949.1988.11752132.

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Ramakrishnan, P. "Powder Characterization Techniques." Materials Performance and Characterization 9, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 20190162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/mpc20190162.

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Li, B., Xin Long Wang, B. Guo, Yu Mei Xiao, Hong Song Fan, and Xing Dong Zhang. "Preparation and Characterization of Nano Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.235.

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The aim of this study is to prepare nano hydroxyapatite powder. Hydroxyapatite powder was prepared via co-precipitated method with the addition of citric acid at pH 9-11 in ambient environment. The precipitates were aged for 24hs, and then milled into powder after washed and dried. The particle morphology and particle size of as prepared HA powders were characterized. The results showed that hydroxyapatite powder with width of 10-30nm and length of 30-100nm was prepared by wet co-precipitation.

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Gorji, N. E., R. O’Connor, and D. Brabazon. "XPS, SEM, AFM, and Nano-Indentation characterization for powder recycling within additive manufacturing process." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1182, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1182/1/012025.

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Abstract Powder recycling and reducing the waste metallic powder is EU’s key provision in waste framework directive (2008/98/EC). The aim of this investigation is to analyse the correlation between the surface and morphology properties of (virgin and recycled) powders and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the 3D printed parts (made of three powders). Two biomedical Tibia implants have been 3D printed from virgin and 3-5 times recycled powders of stainless steel 316L. For this, the surface composition and microstructure of the powders has been characterized and correlated to the nanoindentation measurements carrier out on these implants. X-ray surface spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to analyse the oxidation level on the powder’s surface revealing less than 10% more oxygen on the surface of recycled powders. SEM analysis shows less than 5 μm difference in powder size distribution even though the shape and circularity of the recycled powders seem to be affected under several reusing cycles. The size of the powder particles does not show much difference but satellites and binding between the powders increased in recycled powder. The hardness and effective modulus of the parts from recycled powders are significantly smaller than the virgin-made implants, which could be due to higher porosity present in the recycled powder or due to oxygen increment on recycled powder. The surface roughness (AFM analysis) has slightly increased on part made of recycled powders. However, the overall morphology shows little difference between the two parts.

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Berger, L.-M. "Powder characterization by adsorption." Metal Powder Report 47, no. 10 (October 1992): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0657(92)91908-3.

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Condruz, Mihaela Raluca, Gheorghe Matache, and Alexandru Paraschiv. "Characterization of IN 625 recycled metal powder used for selective laser melting." Manufacturing Review 7 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2020002.

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Additive manufacturing of high-quality materials by Selective Laser Melting depends not only on establishing appropriate process parameters, but also on the characteristics of the metal powders used and their stability over time or after recycling. The aim of the research was to characterize the IN 625 powder used over multiple manufacturing cycles with a Lasertec 30 SLM machine. In order to achieve the research's goal, virgin and recirculated powder's physical and technological characteristics were investigated. A decrease in all D-values (D10, D50, D90) of the powder size distribution was observed after multiple recirculation cycles showing a decrease of the powder dimensional range over time. Both virgin and recirculated powders are composed of mainly spherical particles, but elongated particles and satellite particles were observed as well. The dimensional evolution analysis showed a deviation from the powder ideal roundness, deviation that is more pronounced over multiple recirculation cycles. It was experimentally determined that the powders present a good flowability based on the flow rate value obtained for both virgin and recirculated powders, confirmed also by the Hausner ratio and angle of repose.

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Li, Hui Qin, Ji Xian Gong, and Yi Zhang. "Characterization of Protein Powder from Waste Rabbit Hair." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.407.

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Rabbit hair is an important animal fiber in China, making up 90% of the total output in the world. Fuds is one of familiar problems in the processing of rabbit hair, which lead to plenty of waste fibers. Recently, there has been interest in converting protein fibers into powder to develop their new uses. This provides great opportunities for waste rabbit hair. In this study, rabbit hair powders have been produced and the structure and properties were characterized at multi-level. Surface morphology of rabbit hair powders was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the majority of rabbit hair powders appear to be small fibrous particles. The FTIR spectrum of rabbit hair and rabbit hair powders was detected. Although no new chemical bonds were produced in the rabbit hair powders, the result showed that some absorbing peaks of rabbit hair powder become stronger than that of rabbit hair. Absorption of rabbit hair powders was also investigated. The result showed that rabbit hair powder had higher moisture retention rate than that of rabbit hair, wool fiber and cotton fiber. Moreover, rabbit hair powder showed remarkable sorption ability for metal ions. The characterization of rabbit hair powder will provide useful basal data for the further application of rabbit hair in novel areas.

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Chike, Onuchukwu Godwin, Norhayati Binti Ahmad, and Uday Basheer Al-Naib. "Taxonomy on the production processes and characterization of powder metallurgy used in additive manufacturing process." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 6 (December 25, 2022): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-6/052.

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Purpose. This article presents a concise and comprehensive review of the technologies that are typically used for manufacturing metal powders as well as the implications that particle features have on the properties of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. Methodology. We surveyed various experiments that have taken place on the effects of the qualities of the powder and how to guarantee the dependability and reproducibility of the parts that are manufactured as well as ways of optimizing a powders performance. We classified the methods for producing metallic powders and highlighted the benefits, limitations, and image analysis of major production techniques. Findings. The usage of different approaches to metallic powder characterization for the analysis of the physical, mechanical, and chemical processes has contributed to major steps in powder optimization. The characterization of these powders is critical for ensuring adequate additive material dimensions and specifications and recording the properties of powders used in an AM and bridging the gap of comprehension concerning the end output in AM. Originality. This paper provides a thorough analysis of the efforts made in the powder characterization of AM components for the interpretation of the impact on the part materials qualities and characteristics. Metallic powder characterization has contributed to substantial progress toward powder optimization in the analysis of particle structures. Practical value. As the application of AM technology is moving away from the creation of prototypes and toward the production of finished products, it becomes important to understand the powder properties necessary to manufacture high-quality elements consistently.

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Young, Benjamin, Joseph Heelan, Sean Langan, Matthew Siopis, Caitlin Walde, and Aaron Birt. "Novel Characterization Techniques for Additive Manufacturing Powder Feedstock." Metals 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050720.

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Additive manufacturing is a rapidly expanding field, encompassing many methods to manufacture parts and coatings with a wide variety of feedstock. Metal powders are one such feedstock, with a range of compositions and morphologies. Understanding subtle changes in the feedstock is critical to ensure successful consolidation and quality control of both the feedstock and manufactured part. Current standards lack the ability to finely distinguish almost acceptable powders from barely acceptable ones. Here, novel means of powder feedstock characterization for quality control are demonstrated for the solid-state AM process of cold spray, though similar methods may be extrapolated to other additive methods as well. These characterization methods aim to capture the physics of the process, which in cold spray consists of high strain rate deformation of solid-state feedstock. To capture this, in this effort powder compaction was evaluated via rapidly applied loads, flowability of otherwise non-flowable powders was evaluated with the addition of vibration, and powder electrical resistivity was evaluated through compaction between two electrodes. Several powders, including aluminum alloys, chromium, and cermet composites, were evaluated in this effort, with each case study demonstrating the need for non-traditional characterization metrics as a means of quality control and classification of these materials.

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Lapčík, Lubomír, Martin Vašina, Barbora Lapčíková, David Hui, Eva Otyepková, Richard W. Greenwood, Kristian E. Waters, and Jakub Vlček. "Materials characterization of advanced fillers for composites engineering applications." Nanotechnology Reviews 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2019-0045.

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Abstract Four different minerals were investigated; hollow spheres of calcium carbonate, platy mica, needle like wollastonite and glassy perlite and characterized via iGC for surface energy, Freeman powder rheology for flow characterization, cyclic uniaxial die compaction for modulus of elasticity and frequency dependent sound absorption properties. Particle surface energy and particle shape strongly affected the packing density of powder beds. In the case of higher porosity and thus lower bulk density, the powders acoustic absorption was higher in comparison with higher packing density materials. Surface energy profiles and surface energy distributions revealed clear convergence with powder rheology data, where the character of the powder flow at defined consolidation stresses was mirroring either the high cohesion powders properties connected with the high surface energy or powder free flowing characteristics, as reflected in low cohesion of the powder matrix.

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Sheng, Yan Wei, Zhi Meng Guo, and Jun Jie Hao. "Characterization of Spherical Molybdenum Powders Prepared by RF Plasma Processing." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 2563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.2563.

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Spherical molybdenum powders were synthesized by (RF) plasma with irregular molybdenum powders. The powder characteristics and spheroidization efficiency of the feeding rate for obtain the spherical molybdenum powders were studied. The phase composition and morphological properties of the powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result, the fine spherical powders composed of pure molybdenum with favorable dispersity and its surface became smooth. The spheroidization efficiency of synthesized powders was almost 100 % at feeding rate of 5g/min. LMS analysis indicated that the as-prepared powder had narrow particle size distribution and the spheroidization efficiency of the sample decreases gradually as increasing of the feeding rate. The RF plasma spheroidization of molybdenum powder is an ideal route synthesis of well- spherical molybdenum powders used as near net-shape technology and powder metallurgy.

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12

Tshabalala, Lerato Criselda, Ntombizodwa Mathe, and Hilda Chikwanda. "Characterization of Gas Atomized Ti-6Al-4V Powders for Additive Manufacturing." Key Engineering Materials 770 (May 2018): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.770.3.

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In this paper, titanium powders from various sources were characterized to compare powder intergrity for additive manufacturing by selective laser melting process. Selective laser melting by powder-bed based Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an advanced manufacturing process that bonds successive layers of powder by laser melting to facilitate the creation of engineering components. This manufacturing approach facilitates the production of components with high geometrical complexity that would otherwise be impossible to create through conventional manufacturing processes. Although the use of powder in AM is quite common, powder production and optimization of powder properties to yield desired performance characteristics has posed a serious challenge to researchers. It is therefore critical that powder properties be studied and controlled to ensure reliability and repeatability of the components that are produced. Typically, the desired feature of high quality titanium metal powders for AM are a combination of high sphericity, density and flowability. Scanning electron microscopy, EDS, particle size distribution and powder rheology were extensively performed to investigate the properties of gas-atomized Ti-6Al-4V powders.

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Vähä-Nissi, Mika. "Characterization of filled powders for powder coating of paper." Powder Technology 279 (July 2015): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.04.008.

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Fereiduni, Ghasemi, and Elbestawi. "Characterization of Composite Powder Feedstock from Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Perspective." Materials 12, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 3673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12223673.

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This research aims at evaluating the characteristics of the 5 wt.% B4C/Ti-6Al-4V composite powder feedstock prepared by two different categories of mechanical mixing for powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) of metal matrix composites (MMCs). Microstructural features, particle size, size distribution, sphericity, conditioned bulk density and flow behavior of the developed powders were examined. The flowability of the regularly mixed powders was significantly lower than that of the Ti-6Al-4V powder. However, the flowability of the ball-milled systems was a significant function of the milling time. The decrease in the flowability of the 2 h ball-milled powder compared to the Ti-6Al-4V powder was attributed to the mechanical interlocking and the entangling caused by the B4C particles fully decorating the Ti-6Al-4V particles. Although the flattened/irregular shape of powder particles in the 6 h milled system acted to reduce the flowability, the overall surface area reduction led to higher flowability than that for the 2 h milling case. Regardless of the mixing method, incorporation of B4C particles into the system decreased the apparent density of the Ti-6Al-4V powder. The composite powder obtained by 2 h of ball milling was suggested as the best possible condition, meeting the requirements of PBF–AM processes.

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15

Lu, Liang Liang, Shao Ming Zhang, Jun Xu, Yan Wei Sheng, Shan Shan Wang, Wen Dong Zhao, Jin Hui Zhang, and Xin Ming Zhao. "Solidification Characterization of K418 Alloy Powders Fabricated by Argon Gas Atomization." Materials Science Forum 849 (March 2016): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.849.788.

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The solidification characterization of K418 alloy powders prepared by argon atomization was studied, and thermal parameters of the alloy powder during solidification process were calculated. The results show that powder morphology is spherical shape, the average diameter of the powder is 55μm, the amount of less 100μm powder is about 90 percent, the solidification microstructure of powders particle surface are dentrite and cellular structure. Decreasing the particle size, the microstructures of particle interior change from dentrite in major to cellular structures, and the structure is more uniformed. The length of secondary dentritic arm and the cooling rate as a function of K418 alloy powders size is established, the cooling rate increases with a decrease of the powder particle size, the cooling rate is in the range of 104K.S-1-106K.S-1.

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Besterci, M., H. Käerdi, P. Kulu, and V. Mikli. "CHARACTERIZATION OF POWDER PARTICLE MORPHOLOGY." Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Engineering 7, no. 1 (2001): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/eng.2001.1.03.

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Belder, E. G., H. J. J. Rutten, and D. Y. Perera. "Cure characterization of powder coatings." Progress in Organic Coatings 42, no. 3-4 (September 2001): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9440(01)00149-7.

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Yanai, K., S. Ishimoto, T. Kubo, K. Ito, T. Ishikawa, and H. Hayashi. "Characterization of ceramic powder compacts." Journal of Nuclear Materials 224, no. 1 (July 1995): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(95)00034-8.

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Fu, Yongqing, and Christopher Shearwood. "Characterization of nanocrystalline TiNi powder." Scripta Materialia 50, no. 3 (February 2004): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2003.10.018.

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Wanibe, Yoshimoto, and Takashi Itoh. "Quantitative Characterization in Powder Processing." DENKI-SEIKO[ELECTRIC FURNACE STEEL] 65, no. 2 (1994): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4262/denkiseiko.65.135.

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Xu, Weilin, Xin Wang, Weigang Cui, Xuqiang Peng, Wenbin Li, and Xin Liu. "Characterization of superfine down powder." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 111, no. 5 (March 5, 2009): 2204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.29205.

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Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira, Claudemiro Bolfarini, Walter José Botta Filho, and Claudio Shyinti Kiminami. "Overspray Powder Characterization of Fe-Based Glassy Alloy." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.468.

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Powder of Fe72Nb4Si10B14 (%at) glassy alloy was obtained by gas atomization in order to investigate the possibilities of amorphous phase formation due to the high cooling rates (103 105 K/s) involved in this process. The ratio between the gas volumetric and the metal mass flow rates used was 1.0, and nitrogen (N2) was used as the atomization gas. The powder, sieved in different granulometric size ranges, was characterized through: X-ray diffratometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fe72Nb4Si10B14 (%at) bulk metallic glass (BMG) showed completely or partially glassy structure depending on the size range. The obtaining of powders with glassy structure that could be applied as shot penning powder particles and thermal spray feeding powder for metallic coatings or would make possible the production of bulk glassy materials by warm consolidation of such powders or even a millimeters thick deposit obtained by spray forming with glassy or metastable microstructure that would be very interesting considering applications as soft ferromagnetic parts.

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Dr M. K. Hilal, Dr M. K. Hilal, and Dr Basavaraj F. Kallapur. "Fabrication and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite/Zircinia Composite Using Powder Press Techingue." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 5 (January 15, 2012): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/may2014/55.

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Grubbs, Jack, Bryer C. Sousa, and Danielle Cote. "Exploration of the Effects of Metallic Powder Handling and Storage Conditions on Flowability and Moisture Content for Additive Manufacturing Applications." Metals 12, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040603.

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Metal powder-based additive manufacturing (AM) relies on consistently successful processing of feedstock powder, necessitating through-process predictability in powder properties and behavior. However, routine powder handling and storage may degrade powder performance by influencing flowability and moisture content through exposure to ambient conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated environmental exposure on the flowability and moisture content of Al 5056 and Ta powders for AM applications. Using Carney Funnel flow tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and particle size/shape analysis, powder characterization helped elucidate powder property and behavioral changes with exposure. Results indicated inconsistent flowability and moisture content changes for both material types when exposure conditions were altered. Correlational statistics highlighted the most influential particle characteristics on powder behavior after exposure; particle morphology was most impactful for the semi-spherical Al 5056, whereas moisture content and particle size were most significant for the angular Ta. While exposure to laboratory conditions minimally changed powder performance in this study, caution is advised when handling and storing powders in more “extreme” environments. Powder users are urged to implement quality controls alongside powder characterization to pinpoint how specific powders should be treated, handled, and stored in a given environment for successful processing in AM.

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Li, Zai Yuan, Myongil Pang, and Yu Chun Zhai. "Preparation and Characterization of Fe90Ni6Cu4 Alloy Powders." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.930.

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The Fe90Ni6Cu4 precursor powder was prepared by chemical co-precipitation taken FeSO4·7H2O, NiSO4·6H2O, CuSO4·5H2O and NaOH as raw materials. The Fe90Ni6Cu4 precursor powder shape was majority stick, its diameter was about 10nm, length was about 100nm. The reaction conditions were that concentration of Fe2+, Ni2+and Cu2+mix solution was 0.1mol·L-1, NaOH solution concentration was 4 mol·L-1, the dropping rate of NaOH solution was 50 ml·min-1, the reaction temperature was 30°C, the pH value of the reaction end was 11, the stirring rate was 1200 r·min-1. The Fe90Ni6Cu4 alloy powders were obtained through hydrogen reduction of the Fe90Ni6Cu4 precursor powders. When the hydrogen reduction temperatures lower, it’s the reaction speed slower. When the reduction temperature was 800°C, the restore time needed to the 1200sec. The Fe90Ni6Cu4 alloy powder particle’ size was 200-500 nm.

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Fatima, Abida, Elassfouri Mostafa, Ilou Mohamed, El ouatli Bahia, Jamil Mohamed, Moncif Nawal, and Hatim Zineb. "Tricalcium phosphate powder: Preparation, characterization and compaction abilities." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 3 (February 3, 2017): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc63/01702031740-abida.

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In this work, we characterize tricalcium phosphate powders Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) resulting from a reaction between calcium hydroxide and orthophosphoric acid at room temperature, without pH adjustment and in absence of ionic impurities. The prepared powder has an atomic ratio Ca/P of 1.512 ± 0.005. The real density is 2.68 ± 0.02 g/cm3 and the specific surface area is 80 ± 02 m2 /g. During compression, the microstructure of Cadeficient apatite powder with the presence of HPO4 groups seems to support the cohesion between particles. The transmission ratio is 90%, the transfer ratio is 41.8 and the ratio of the die-wall friction is 0.22. These results show that apatitic tricalcium powder gives a good aptitude to the compaction which leads to a good tensile strength (0.79 MPa). The heat treatment of the prepared powder shows the precise temperature for the formation of pyrophosphate, β-TCP and α-TCPa phases. The purity and aptitude to compaction of the prepared powders are very promising for pharmaceutical and medical applications.

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Jung, Eun Jin, Yoon Joo Lee, Soo Ryong Kim, Woo Teck Kwon, Se Young Choi, and Young Hee Kim. "Preparation and Characterization of High Purity β-SiC Powder." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.3.

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SiC powder can be produced generally through the Acheson process and it is required long carbothermic reaction time of SiO2 with carbon powder around 2200 °C ~ 2400 °C. Due to the high reaction temperature and long reaction time of the process, the powders produced have a large particle size and consist of mostly alpha phase SiC. Synthetic temperature of beta phase SiC powder is known to produce at 1700 °C ~ 1900 °C which is lower temperature than that of alpha phase SiC powder. We prepared β-SiC powder by heating precursor derived from the mixture of phenolic resin and tetraethyl orthosilicate. The precursor was heated at 1800 °C for 4 h in an Ar atmosphere. In order to examine the pyrolysis residue after the heat treatment, the SiC powder was analyzed with XRD and SEM. The X-ray diffraction result of the SiC powder shows the diffraction peaks around 35°, 60°, and 73° corresponded to the beta SiC phase. β-SiC powder prepared in this study contains lower metallic impurities compare than that of α-SiC powder prepared from Acheson method and is able to use as a good starting material for SiC single crystal growing.

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Troiano, Maurizio, Alessia Teresa Silvestri, Fabio Scherillo, Andrea El Hassanin, Roberto Solimene, Antonino Squillace, and Piero Salatino. "An Experimental Characterization of Powder/Substrate Interaction during Direct Metal Deposition for Additive Manufacturing." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.435.

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The physical behavior of metal powders during laser-based additive manufacturing processes has been investigated. In particular, an experimental campaign of direct metal deposition has been carried out to evaluate the effect of the laser power and spot size on the powder/substrate interaction and on the surface morphology of the final piece. A fast-camera has been used to evaluate the interaction phenomena during the printing process, while confocal microscopy has been carried out to measure the surface morphology of the samples. Results highlighted that increasing the laser power and laser spot size, the particle impact velocity is about constant, while the powder/laser/substrate interaction zone increases. As a consequence, the mean thickness increases, as confirmed by surface characterization.

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Pavlovic, M. G., B. M. Jovic, V. D. Jovic, U. Lacnjevac, and V. M. Maksimovic. "Electrochemical deposition and characterization of Ni-Mo alloy powders." Processing and Application of Ceramics 1, no. 1-2 (2007): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac0702011p.

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Electrodeposition of Ni-Mo alloy powders from ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride containing electrolytes of different Ni/Mo ions concentration ratios was investigated by polarization measurements. The morphology, chemical composition and phase composition of electrodeposited Ni-Mo alloy powders were investigated using DSC, TGA, SEM, EDS and XRD analysis. EDS results showed that powder composition depends on Ni/Mo ions concentration ratio, as well as on the position where the EDS analysis was performed. As-deposited alloy powders were nanocrystalline showing no XRD peaks with undefined morphology (SEM). After recrystallization for 2 h in N2 atmosphere at 600?C the presence of NiMoO4 phase was identified in the powder electrodeposited from chloride electrolyte at the Ni/Mo ions concentration ratio 1/3, with well defined crystalline powder particles.

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Suhag, Yogita, Gulzar Ahmad Nayik, Ioannis K. Karabagias, and Vikas Nanda. "Development and Characterization of a Nutritionally Rich Spray-Dried Honey Powder." Foods 10, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010162.

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In the present study, the spray-dried honey powder enriched with aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) and basil (Ocimum sanctum) extract was developed using drying aids—gum arabic (GA), maltodextrin (MD), and whey protein concentrate (WPC), and then characterized based on particle size distribution, colour, glass transition temperature (Tg), X-ray diffraction, and antioxidant and rheological properties. Results showed the highest Tg (86.13 °C) for WPC based honey powder, which, in turn, resulted in least stickiness as compared to GA and MD based honey powders with Tg 74.53 °C and 68.26 °C, respectively. The dried honey powder with all three carrier agents exhibited a metastable amorphous state as proved by the broader peaks of X-ray diffractograms due to the short drying time, whereas, a peak at 1637 cm−1, attributed to the carbonyl (C=O) stretching, established the ascorbic acid in the studied powder on account of aonla extract. The mean particle diameter significantly (p < 0.05) increased, following the order WPC (60.45 μm) > GA (41.24 μm) > MD (20.06 μm) as carrier agents, which were related to the higher feed viscosity. The colour parameter L* (30.74–45.78) and b* (5.82–11.64) values of the nutritionally rich honey powder were higher due to presence of polyphenols in aonla and basil extracts, which resulted in the formation of dark brown complexes. The antioxidant activity of WPC based fortified honey powder was highest (82.73%), followed by GA (78.15%) and MD (74.85%) based honey powders. A significant (p < 0.05) increase was found in powder recovery, solubility, and dispersibility using the drying aids in the following order: WPC < GA < MD. Furthermore, the storage modulus (G′) was higher than loss modulus (G″) in all honey powders, wherein the WPC containing powder demonstrated maximum value of G′, followed by GA and MD. Finally, the three honey powders were microbiologically stable.

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Zheng, Yun Xing, Hao Ding, Le Fu Mei, Xi Yao Zhu, and Meng Meng Wang. "Preparation and Property Characterization of Talc/Phthalocyanine Blue Composite Powder." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.239.

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To improve the dispersion of phthalocyanine blue powder, decrease its consumption and increase the use value of talc, TPBCP (Talc / Phthalocyanine Blue Composite Powder) was prepared by liquid phase mechanochemical method. By means of paint performance test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the properties and microstructure of composite powder were characterized. The hiding power and oil absorption value of talc/phthalocyanine blue composite powder were 12.88 g/m2 and 32.50 g/100g respectively, and the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) colorimetric data L, a, and b were 44.95, 1.65 and -17.18 respectively. It was equivalent for the hiding power of composite powder to 77.6% of that of pure phthalocyanine blue with a equivalent CIE. The formation of TPBCP was marked by phthalocyanine blue particles uniformly coated on talc surface. The results showed that TPBCP had similar performances with phthalocyanine blue and could instead of phthalocyanine blue to be applied in several fields.

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Hoten, Hendri Van. "ANALISIS KARAKTERISASI SERBUK BIOKERAMIK DARI CANGKANG TELUR AYAM BROILER." ROTOR 13, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v13i1.18874.

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The research is about analysis of Nano Sized Bioceramic Characterization Using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). In the previous research, optimization of the parameters of making nano powders on Ball Mill machines using the Taguchi and ANOVA methods. The optimum parameters of the Taguchi Design analysis were grinding rate, grinding time and Ball Powder Ratio respectively 250 rpm, 3 hours and 1: 6. After that the characterization of the powder use a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Powder size measurement use SEM tools obtained the smallest average size of 1.305 mm while using TEM tools showed the average size of the smallest powder between 50-100 nm. TEM test results were confirmed again using PSA. The results of the characterization using PSA showed that the particle size in the range 100-300 nm was approximately 80%

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Silva, Luzia Marcia de Melo, Francisco de Assis Cardoso Almeida, Francinalva Cordeiro de Sousa, Deise Souza de Castro, Inácia dos Santos Moreira, Jacinete Pereira Lima, and Acácio Figueiredo Neto. "Chemical and Physical Characterization of Peanut Powder Extracts." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n4p323.

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The production of lyophilized foods is a market with great growth potential, for providing important preservation characteristics, such as stability at ambient temperature, versatility of the product and preservation of the chemical compounds. Given the functional effects of peanut powder extracts, this study aimed to quantify the bioactive compounds and determine physical and chemical characteristics, comparing samples with and without skin. After obtaining the aqueous peanut extract the samples were frozen at -18 °C for 24 h. The formulated extracts were dried in a benchtop lyophilizer operating at temperature of -55 °C for a period of 48 hours. The powder extracts were disintegrated in a multiprocessor for 30 seconds and the samples were physically and chemically evaluated. The powder extracts were classified as non-hygroscopic, exhibiting poor fluidity and intermediate cohesiveness in samples with skin, and high cohesiveness in samples without skin. The powders showed agglomerated particles, with irregular and non-uniform shape. Potassium was the mineral found in largest amounts, as well as oleic and linoleic fatty acids. The particles of the powders exhibit a spherical shape, showing the presence of amorphous surfaces, in which there is no repetition of geometric forms. The peanut powder extracts are classified as non-hygroscopic, have poor fluidity, intermediate cohesiveness in samples with skin and high cohesiveness in samples without skin.

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Sehhat, M. Hossein, Austin T. Sutton, Chia-Hung Hung, Ben Brown, Ronald J. O’Malley, Jonghyun Park, and Ming C. Leu. "Plasma spheroidization of gas-atomized 304L stainless steel powder for laser powder bed fusion process." Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing 1, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/msam.v1i1.1.

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Particles of AISI 304L stainless steel powder were spheroidized by the induction plasma spheroidization process (TekSphero-15 spheroidization system) to assess the effects of the spheroidization process on powder and part properties. The morphology of both as-received and spheroidized powders was characterized by measuring particle size and shape distribution. The chemistry of powders was studied using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy for evaluation of composing elements, and the powder’s microstructure was assessed by X-ray diffraction for phase identification and by electron backscattered diffraction patterns for crystallography characterization. The Revolution Powder Analyzer was used to quantify powder flowability. The mechanical properties of parts fabricated with as-received and spheroidized powders using laser powder bed fusion process were measured and compared. Our experimental results showed that the fabricated parts with plasma spheroidized powder have lower tensile strength but higher ductility. Considerable changes in powder chemistry and microstructure were observed due to the change in solidification mode after the spheroidization process. The spheroidized powder solidified in the austenite-to-ferrite solidification mode due to the loss of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. In contrast, the as-received powder solidified in the ferrite-to-austenite solidification mode. This change in solidification mode impacted the components made with spheroidized powder to have lower tensile strength but higher ductility.

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CHENG, JIN-BO, AI-DONG LI, QI-YUE SHAO, YUE-FENG TANG, and DI WU. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FERROELECTRIC NANOCRYSTAL POWDERS OF SrBi2Ta2O9 BY A POLYMERIZABLE COMPLEX METHOD." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 15n17 (July 10, 2005): 2514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205031249.

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Ferroelectric nanocrystal powders of SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) have been first prepared by a polymerizable complex (PC) route. The bismuth powder, strontium carbonate, and water-soluble tantalum oxalate solution were used as starting materials. Thermal analyses (TGA and DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and conventional BET method were explored to characterize the structure, morphology, and specific surface area of PC-derived SBT powders calcined at 500-850 °C. As control samples, SBT powders were also fabricated by metalorganic decomposition (MOD) method. The XRD and TEM results indicate that high pure and well crystalline powders can be obtained at 650 °C with a average size of 50 nm. The PC-derived powder has much larger surface area than MOD-derived powder. The BET value of PC and MOD powder at 750 °C for 2h is 6.7 and 1.5m2/g, respectively. The specific surface area of powder prepared by conventional solid-state reaction is quite low, typically less than 1.5m2/g. Therefore, the feasibility of the polymerizable complex route is demonstrated in the powder synthesis of SBT with large surface area.

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CHIKAZAWA, Masatoshi, and Takashi TAKEI. "Surface Characterization of Powder Particles. Surface Properties and Powder Properties." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 36, no. 3 (1999): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.36.205.

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Plummer, H. K., W. T. Donlon, J. E. Allison, and S. Shinozaki. "The characterization of rapidly solidified Al-8Fe-2Mo powder." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100144206.

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A centrifugally atomized rapidly solidified Al-8Fe-2Mo powder was characterized by Light Microscopy (LM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM). The powder sample was studied in an as-solidified state and after annealing in 1 at. argon for 6 hr at 400°C. Further studies have characterized the consolidated bars produced by compaction and extrusion of these powders.The 30 to 150 μm powders are spherical as seen in the SEM (Fig.1) with small (5 to 15 μm) satellite powders sometimes attached in external (A,B Fig.1) and internal (A Fig.2C) locations. A comparison of powders (epoxy mounted and polished) by both the LM (Fig. 2A) and the SEM (Figs. 2B and 2C) reveals a two component microstructure with occasional voids.

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Ucar, Nazim, Can Gülüstan, and Adnan Calik. "Microstructural Characterization of Borided Co-Cr-Mo Alloy." Advances in Materials Science 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2021-0027.

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Abstract This study involves the effect of boriding powder composition on the microstructure and hardness of a CoCrMo alloy borided in a solid medium using the powder pack method. To investigate the effect of boriding powder composition, two different commercial boriding agents, Ekabor-HM and Ekabor III, were thoroughly mixed with ferrosilicon powders to form the boriding media. The CoCrMo samples were tightly packed with the Ekabor-HM and Ekabor III boriding powders in stainless steel containers to minimize oxidation. The boriding process was carried out under atmospheric conditions for 9 h in an electrical resistance furnace preheated to 1223 K. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that the surfaces of the borided CoCrMo alloys consisted of a bilayer composed of CoB and Co2B phases and also contained minor amounts of CrB, Mo2B5, and Mo2B. The average thickness of the boride layer in the samples borided with Ekabor HM and Ekabor III powders was 28±4.1 μm and 21±2.3 μm, while the average hardness of the boride layer was 1752±5.3 HV0.1 and 1364±3.8 HV0.1, respectively.

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Ma, Ning, Keke Zhang, Danqing Yin, Di Zhao, Zhiwei Zhu, and Fuxing Ye. "Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured WC-Co/Al Powder Prepared by Mechanical Alloying." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9080684.

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Nanostructured WC-Co/Al powder was synthesized from WC-12Co powder and pure Al powder by mechanical alloying (MA). The morphology and microstructural evolution of WC-Co/Al powder were investigated by a series of characterization methods. The results showed that theβ-Co phase in the initial WC-12Co powder was replaced by the AlxCo phases (such as Al9Co2and Al13Co4). As the ball milling time increased, the average grain size of WC in the WC-Co/Al powder decreased firstly and then remained at a constant value of around 40 nm. The deposition behavior of powders sprayed by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying was investigated. During spraying, the WC-Co/Al powder had a better flattening than the WC-12Co powder without ball milling, which is beneficial to fabricate compact coatings with lower porosity.

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Gokmese, Hakan. "Production and Characterization of Commercial Aluminum Powders by a New Nozzle Design and Atomization Unit." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 1259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39388.

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Abstract: A large area cross section of the production of spherical metal powders by gas atomization in the manufacturing method. Powder metal characteristic improves with small powder size. This aim was realized by vertical gas atomization unit, a new a closely-matched nozzle system and manufacture. In the experimental studies, pure aluminium powders which has an important place in the automotive, air and defence industries were produced. In the studies carried out with the Vertical Gas Atomization unit, aluminium was superheated up to 900°C and atomized at different gas pressures (20-30 bar). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and particle size measuring device were used for the characterization and size measurements of the produced powders, respectively. The average particle size of the finest powder produced with increasing atomization pressure was determined as d50=19.50µm. Aluminium powder shape and morphology was used as spherical and very little satellization was seen. Keywords: Powder Metallurgy, Atomisation, Nozzle, Al powder, Characterisation

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Haušild, Petr, Jaroslav Čech, Miroslav Karlík, Filip Průša, Pavel Novák, and Jaromír Kopeček. "Nanoindentation Characterization of Mechanically Alloyed Fe-Al-Si Powders." Key Engineering Materials 784 (October 2018): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.784.15.

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The effect of processing conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-Al-Si powders was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation. Fe-Al-Si alloy powder was prepared from pure elemental powders by mechanical alloying. Microstructure and mechanical properties of powders were characterized after various durations of mechanical alloying. Special sample preparation technique was developed allowing to characterize the properties of individual powder particles after each step of processing in a planetary ball mill. This step-by-step characterization allowed to find the optimum conditions for subsequent spark plasma sintering.

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Adzila, Sharifah, Singh Ramesh, Iis Sopyan, C. Y. Tan, Mohd Hamdi, and W. D. Teng. "Mechanochemical Synthesis of Magnesium Doped Hydroxyapatite: Powder Characterization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 372 (August 2013): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.62.

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In this study, the mechanochemical method was employed to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HA) and magnesium (Mg) doped hydroxyapatite (HA) powders. The effect of Mg2+ into the synthesized HA powder properties were investigated. Characterization of the synthesized HA and Mg doped HA at various concentrations (1% - 5% MgHA) were accomplished through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. nanosize of HA and Mg doped HA powders were successfully synthesized through the present method as indicated from the different peaks intensity and adsorption bands obtained in XRD pattern and FTIR respectively.

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Delloro, Francesco, Hugo Durand, Laurent Lacourt, Jean-Christophe Teissedre, Alain Thorel, Imène Lahouij, François Lavaud, and Xavier Clausse. "Characterization of mechanical behaviour of aluminum powders under fast dynamic conditions." EPJ Web of Conferences 250 (2021): 01036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125001036.

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Cold spray is a process belonging to the thermal spray family, characterized by relatively low temperatures and high particle velocities. Upon impact, particles undergo large plastic deformation at solid state in dynamic regime up to 109 s-1. The knowledge of powder behaviour in such conditions is essential to catch key phenomena in cold spray and a necessary step for a correct process modelling. However, little is known on mechanical behaviour of feed-stock powders when submitted to cold spray conditions. In this study, an approach focused on single particles combining laser shock induced impact, namely LASHPOL (LAser SHock POwder Launcher), and quasi-static compression was therefore developed. This method was applied in this study on spherical Aluminium powders but can work with any other powder material. The mechanical behaviour of powders was characterized and used to fit the parameters of Johnson-Cook constitutive model, by means of finite element inverse method. The combination of static and dynamic tests resulted in an original characterization of powder, which revealed having a different mechanical behaviour than the corresponding bulk material.

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Moskal, Grzegorz, Aleksander Iwaniak, and Aleksandra Rozmysłowska-Grund. "Characterization of Thermal Properties of Micro-Sized Ceramic Powders for APS Deposition of Ceramic Layers." Key Engineering Materials 484 (July 2011): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.484.152.

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The paper presents test results concerning characteristics of the selected thermal properties of ceramic powders based on rare earth zirconates with a pyrochlore structure of RE2Zr2O7 type, intended for thermal spraying of TBCs. Gadolinium, lanthanum, samarium and neodymium based powders were tested. The scope of the tests encompassed thermal diffusivity analysis of the powders in a compressed pellets form within temperature range 25-1500°C, and also tests of specific heat and thermal expansion coefficient within similar temperature range. Standard powder of 8YSZ type on the basis of zirconium oxide modified with yttrium oxide was used as a reference material. Specific heat measurements of the powders showed that the highest values within the entire test temperature range were obtained for the standard YSZ type powder. In the case of new type of powders, the results obtained are very similar and only slightly lower in comparison with YSZ powder. The lowest values were obtained for the samarium based powder (temperature range corresponding to operating temperature). Character of the curves obtained do not show course of strong reactions connected with phase changes. Dilatometric tests of materials made it possible to determine thermal expansion coefficient. Mean coefficient values are included within the range from 5.5 x 106mm/°C to 10.0 x 106mm/°C. The highest mean value of thermal expansion coefficient was obtained for Nd2Zr2O7 powder and the lowest one for La2Zr2O7 powder. The lowest thermal diffusivity value at room temperature was shown by Nd2Zr2O7 powder, and the highest one by 8YSZ powder (0.215 mm2/s).

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Tsaknopoulos, Kyle, Caitlin Walde, Derek Tsaknopoulos, Victor Champagne, and Danielle Cote. "Characterization of Thermally Treated Gas-Atomized Al 5056 Powder." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 4051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184051.

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Aluminum 5056 is a work-hardenable alloy known for its corrosion resistance with new applications in additive manufacturing. A good understanding of the secondary phases in Al 5056 powders is important for understanding the properties of the final parts. In this study, the effects of different thermal treatments on the microstructure of Al 5056 powder were studied. Thermodynamic models were used to guide the interpretation of the microstructure as a function of thermal treatment, providing insight into the stability of different possible phases present in the alloy. Through the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), combined with thermodynamic modeling, a greater understanding of the internal microstructure of Al 5056 powder has been achieved in both the as-atomized and thermally treated conditions. Evidence of natural aging within these powders was observed, which speaks to the shelf-life of these powders and the importance of proper treatment and storage to maintain consistent results.

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Axinte, Ciprian, Claudia Nadejde, Manuela Ursache, Anton Airinei, Aurelian Cirlescu, Mihaela Racuciu, and Dorina Creangă. "Magnetic Submicron Powder Preparation and Characterization." Materials Science Forum 672 (January 2011): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.672.281.

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The goal of this experimental study was to present a comparative analysis of iron oxides powders obtained by two alternative methods, i.e. the co-precipitation at high temperature from aqueous reaction medium of iron oxides and, respectively, the solvent free method for the preparation magnetite at room temperature. Vibrational absorption spectra evidenced the dominancy of magnetite in both samples, while the X-ray diffractograms revealed the submicron size as well as the presence of additional iron oxide, in the second sample prepared by solvent free method.

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Rizzi, Rosanna, and Angela Altomare. "Crystal Structure Characterization by Powder Diffraction." Crystals 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10121072.

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Singh, Paramanand, and P. Ramakrishnan. "Powder Characterization by Particle Shape Assessment." KONA Powder and Particle Journal 14 (1996): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14356/kona.1996007.

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Hartmann, Christian Grundahl, Ole Faurskov Nielsen, Kenny Ståhl, and Pernille Harris. "In-house characterization of protein powder." Journal of Applied Crystallography 43, no. 4 (June 19, 2010): 876–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889810019576.

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X-ray powder diffraction patterns of lysozyme and insulin were recorded on a standard in-house powder diffractometer. The experimental powder diffraction patterns were compared with patterns calculated from Protein Data Bank coordinate data. Good agreement was obtained by including straightforward corrections for background, unit-cell parameters, disordered bulk solvent and geometric factors. In particular the solvent correction was found crucial for a good agreement. A revised Lorentz factor was derived, which gave a minor, but significant, improvement to the fit in the low-angle region. An attempt to include calculated H-atom positions did not improve the overall fit and was abandoned. The method devised was shown to be a quick and convenient tool for distinguishing precipitates and polymorphs of proteins.

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Brackx, E., S. Pages, O. Dugne, and R. Podor. "Recent analytical developments for powder characterization." European Physical Journal Special Topics 224, no. 9 (July 2015): 1787–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2015-02499-2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Powder Characterization'

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