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Journal articles on the topic 'Powder electrode reactions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Mahesh, K. C., and G. S. Suresh. "Electrochemical Characterization of Graphene–LiMn2O4 Composite Cathode Material for Aqueous Rechargeable Lithium Batteries." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 09 (2021): 967–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/09636.

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A series of graphene– LiMn2O4 composite electrodes were prepared by physical mixing of graphene powder and LiMn2O4 cathode material. LiMn2O4was synthesized by reactions under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature method. CV, galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments and EIS studies revealed that the addition of graphene significantly decreases the charge-transfer resistance of LiMn2O4 electrodes. 5 wt. % graphene–LiMn2O4 composite electrode exhibits better electrochemical performance by increasing the reaction reversibility and capacity compared to that of the pristine LiMn2O4 electrode.

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Zhang, Qian, Chang Yao, Jun-Ming Hong, and Chang-Tang Chang. "Preparation of Pt/TiO2/Graphene/Polyethylene Sheets via a Facile Molding Process for Azo Dye Electrodegradation." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 5 (2020): 3287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17399.

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As the characterizations of electrode are meaningful for electric catalytic efficiency and mechanism, the improvement of electrode have raised considerable public concern in recent decades. However, the metal electrode have the drawbacks of high price and easy for toxicity, nano electrode restricted by difficulties for electrode coating, possibility of agglomeration, and abscission during reactions. Focus on those defects, the proposed study is going to establish a useful technique for polymer combined nano-electrode preparation. The morphology, functional groups, and other characterization of

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3

Sendetskyi, Oles, Mark Salomons, Steve Launspach, and Michael Fleischauer. "Decoupling Electrolyte and Electrode Reactions Using in-Operando Electrochemical X-Ray Powder Diffraction." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-02, no. 62 (2020): 3177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-02623177mtgabs.

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4

Inada, Ryoji, Kohei Okuno, Shunsuke Kito, Tomohiro Tojo, and Yoji Sakurai. "Properties of Lithium Trivanadate Film Electrodes Formed on Garnet-Type Oxide Solid Electrolyte by Aerosol Deposition." Materials 11, no. 9 (2018): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091570.

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We fabricated lithium trivanadate LiV3O8 (LVO) film electrodes for the first time on a garnet-type Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZT) solid electrolyte using the aerosol deposition (AD) method. Ball-milled LVO powder with sizes in the range of 0.5–2 µm was used as a raw material for LVO film fabrication via impact consolidation at room temperature. LVO film (thickness = 5 µm) formed by AD has a dense structure composed of deformed and fractured LVO particles and pores were not observed at the LVO/LLZT interface. For electrochemical characterization of LVO film electrodes, lithium (Li) metal foil was

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Reipa, V., and J. J. Horvath. "Surface-Enhanced Raman Study of Benzylpenicillin." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 6 (1992): 1009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924124501.

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The surface-enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) of benzylpenicillin on electrochemically roughened Ag electrodes were investigated. Spectral assignments were carried out. Comparison with powder Raman spectra demonstrated that the benzene ring is in a vertical position relative to the surface. The molecule is bonded to the silver surface through the carboxylate group and the tertiary nitrogen of the beta-lactam ring, resulting in formation of a bidentate surface complex. Evidence of partial benzylpenicillin hydrolysis into 6-aminopenicillanic acid and phenylacetic acid on the surface of the electrode

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Cursaru, Laura-Madalina, Ana-Maria Mocioiu, Ioan Albert Tudor, and Roxana Mioara Piticescu. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes-Polyaniline(CNT-PANI)Composites and Preliminary Electrochemical Characterization of CNT-PANI Coatings." Materiale Plastice 57, no. 3 (2020): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.20.3.5396.

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Heavy metals have a major contribution to biosphere pollution due to toxicity. The detection and monitoring of the environmental agents in soil, water and air is very important for the general health of humans and animals. It has been recently shown that electrochemical techniques such as differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) using modified electrodes are very attractive methods for detecting heavy metals. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of hydrothermal process combined with electrochemical techniques to obtain modified

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Shi, Gang, and Dong Ying Ju. "Simulation of Electrochemical Performance on Electrode of Mg-Zn Air Cell." Materials Science Forum 833 (November 2015): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.833.134.

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In order to develop a new air cell cathode, the mixed with Mg alloy and zinc powder as anode material of a kind of button battery was proposed in the research work. In this paper, the ion concentration results of corrosion solution by ICP measurement was used electrochemical simulation by FACSIMILE for evaluating mechanism of corrosion reactions for Mg alloy and Zn mixed button cell.

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Brisach-Wittmeyer, Anne, Nicolas-Alexandre Bouchard, Raymond Breault, and Hugues Ménard. "Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of catechol on Rh–Al2O3 in different media — pH-Dependent reduction mechanism for intermediate formation." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, no. 12 (2006): 1640–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-169.

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The electrocatalytic hydrogenation of catechol was carried out in aqueous media in different pH ranges with Rh–Al2O3 powder catalyst. The reactions were conducted in an H-cell used as a dynamic cell, with a reticulated vitreous carbon electrode in contact with the catalyst powder as the working electrode. It was shown that the final product is 1,2-cyclohexanediol (cis and trans isomers) and that several intermediates are detected depending on the pH of the solution. Different media, from pH 5 to 13, were studied. One of the intermediates is 1,2-cyclohexanedione, detected at all pH values. The

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Mallem, Siva Pratap Reddy, Mallikarjuna Koduru, Kuppam Chandrasekhar, et al. "Potato Chip-Like 0D Interconnected ZnCo2O4 Nanoparticles for High-Performance Supercapacitors." Crystals 11, no. 5 (2021): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050469.

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Zinc cobaltite (ZnCo2O4) is an emerging electrode material for supercapacitors due to its rich redox reactions involving multiple oxidation states and different ions. In the present work, potato chip-like 0D interconnected ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles (PIZCON) were prepared using a solvothermal approach. The prepared material was characterized using various analytical methods, including X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The possible formation mechanism of PIZCON was proposed. The PIZCON electrode material was systematically characterized for supercapacitor application. The ar

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10

Koyasu, Satoshi, Daiki Atarashi, Etsuo Sakai, and Masahiro Miyauchi. "Copper Sulfide Catalyzed Porous Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Counter Electrode for Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells with High Fill Factor." International Journal of Photoenergy 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5461030.

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The performance of quantum dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) is mainly limited by chemical reactions at the interface of the counter electrode. Generally, the fill factor (FF) of QDSSCs is very low because of large charge transfer resistance at the interface between the counter electrode and electrolyte solution containing redox couples. In the present research, we demonstrate the improvement of the resistance by optimization of surface area and amount of catalyst of the counter electrode. A facile chemical synthesis was used to fabricate a composite counter electrode consisting of fluorine-do

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11

Volosova, Marina A., Anna A. Okunkova, Sergey V. Fedorov, Khaled Hamdy, and Mariya A. Mikhailova. "Electrical Discharge Machining Non-Conductive Ceramics: Combination of Materials." Technologies 8, no. 2 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies8020032.

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One of the promising processing methods for non-conductive structural and functional ceramics based on ZrO2, Al2O3, and Si3N4 systems is electrical discharge machining with the assistance of an auxiliary electrode that can be presented in the form of conductive films with a thickness up to 4–10 µm or nanoparticles - granules, tubes, platelets, multidimensional particles added in the working zone as a free poured powder the proper concentration of which can be provided by ultrasound emission or by dielectric flows or as conductive additives in the structure of nanocomposites. However, the descr

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12

Berbenni, Vittorio, Chiara Milanese, Giovanna Bruni, and Alessandro Girella. "Synthesis of LaCoO3 powder by a combined mechanical/thermal process." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 73, no. 10 (2018): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2018-0130.

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AbstractLanthanum cobaltite, LaCoO3, finds applications as an oxidation and reduction catalyst in gas-sensing materials and in electrode materials for high-temperature fuel cells. The compound has been synthesized through several routes aimed at obtaining LaCoO3 at lower temperatures. We propose a synthetic procedure based on the combined use of mechanical and thermal energy on mixtures of Co(II) oxalate dehydrate and La acetate sesquihydrate. We studied the reactions taking place by increasing the temperature. The study has been performed either on mixtures prepared by a simple physical mixin

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13

Dey, Sanjukta, Sarama Bhattacharjee, Tapan K. Rout, Dilip K. Sengupta, Tetsuo Uchikoshi, and Laxmidhar Besra. "Effect of Electrode Reactions during Aqueous Electrophoretic Deposition on Bulk Suspension Properties and Deposition Quality." Key Engineering Materials 654 (July 2015): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.654.3.

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Non-aqueous solvents have been popularly used as suspending medium in Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) for several applications. The drawbacks of these solvents are that they cause environmental concerns and are expensive. Therefore, there is a great interest for the development aqueous EPD, which is low-cost and environmental friendly. There are several problems when using water as the suspending medium in EPD. First, there is gas evolution at the electrodes on application of the electric field. Hydrogen is generated at cathode and oxygen at anode. This results in incorporation of bubbles in

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14

Tashkhourian, Javad, Hamed Valizadeh, and Abdolkarim Abbaspour. "Ascorbic Acid Determination Based on Electrocatalytic Behavior of Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101-(Cr) at Modified Carbon-Paste Electrode." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 2 (2019): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0135.

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Abstract Background: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are classified as microporous materials. They have large surface areas, low framework densities, accessible cages, and tunnels with modifiable pores. Objective: The MOF MIL-101(Cr) with a large pore volume was synthesized hydrothermally and used in the electrochemical reactions as an electrocatalyst for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA). The synthesized MOF was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Methods: The electrocatalytic behavior of a carbon-paste electrode modified with MIL-101(Cr) was stud

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15

Swain, Greg M., Alfred B. Anderson, and John C. Angus. "Applications of Diamond Thin Films in Electrochemistry." MRS Bulletin 23, no. 9 (1998): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400029389.

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Electrochemical reactions typically involve electron transfer between an electrode and a dissolved chemical species at a solid-electrode/liquid-electrolyte interface. Three broad classes of electrochemical applications may be identified: (1) synthesis (or destruction), in which an applied potential is used to bring about a desired chemical oxidation or reduction reaction; (2) analysis, in which the current/potential characteristics of an electrode are used to determine the type and concentration of a species; and (3) power generation. These broad types of applications require stable, conductiv

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16

Hirano, Katsuhiko, Hideo Asayama, Akio Hoshino, and Hiroshi Wakatsuki. "Metal powder addition effect on the photocatalytic reactions and the photo-generated electric charge collected at an inert electrode in aqueous TiO2 suspensions." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 110, no. 3 (1997): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-6030(97)00201-3.

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17

Xu, Zhijie, Fangxu Hu, De Li, and Yong Chen. "Electrochemical Oscillation during Galvanostatic Charging of LiCrTiO4 in Li-Ion Batteries." Materials 14, no. 13 (2021): 3624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133624.

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In the late 1960s, the establishment of Prigogine’s dissipative structure theory laid the foundation for the (electro)chemical oscillation phenomenon, which has been widely investigated in some electrochemical reactions, such as electro-catalysis and electro-deposition, while the electrochemical oscillation of Li-ion batteries has just been discovered in spinel Li4Ti5O12 a few years before. In this work, spinel LiCrTiO4 samples were synthesized by using a high-temperature solid-state method, characterized with SEM (Scanning electron microscope), XRD (X-ray diffraction), Raman and XPS (X-ray ph

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18

Hsieh, Chien-Te, Bing-Hao Yang, and Wei-Yu Chen. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Mesocarbon Microbead-Based Counter Electrodes." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/709581.

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The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) equipped with mesocarbon microbead (MCMB)-based counter electrodes were explored to examine their cell performance. Three types of nanosized additives including platinum, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carbon black (CB) are well dispersed and coated over microscaled MCMB powders. In the design of the counter electrodes, the MCMB graphite offers an excellent medium that allows charge transfer from the ITO substrate to the dye molecule. The active materials such as Pt, CNT, and nanosize CB act as an active site provider for the redox reaction. Among these coun

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19

Mahdavi, Behzad, Przemyslaw Los, Marie Josée Lessard, and Jean Lessard. "A comparison of nickel boride and Raney nickel electrode activity in the electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Phenanthrene." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 11 (1994): 2268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-289.

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The electrocatalytic activity of nickel boride in the electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of phenanthrene in ethylene glycol–water at 80 °C has been compared to that of Raney nickel and fractal nickel. The intrinsic activity of the electrode material (real electrode activity) is the same for nickel boride and Raney nickel electrodes and is lower for fractal nickel electrodes. The apparent electrode activity of nickel boride pressed powder electrodes (Ni2B electrodes) is less than that of codeposited Raney nickel (RaNi) electrodes and pressed powder fractal nickel/Raney nickel (Ni/RaNi = 50/50

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20

Chen, Wen Jun, Chi Bin Gui, and Ji Sun. "Coating of Electrode by Myristic Acid via Microwave Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.544.

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Electrodes can absorb moisture easily so that the diffusible hydrogen is quite high in the weld bead. Fe3O4 powder is used to promote the reaction of myristic acid and the electrode surface, and reduce the diffusible hydrogen, because of its excellent microwave absorption property. Electrodes are immersed to the light petroleum solution which contains myristic and Fe3O4 particles, then they are put into the microwave oven and become water-resistant . The results of FT-IR and SEM microscope indicate that Fe3O4 powder absorb microwave and melt myristic acid to form the water-resistant film. The

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21

Zuo, Xiaodong, Zhiyi Chen, Chengzhi Guan та ін. "Molten Salt Synthesis of High-Performance, Nanostructured La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ Oxygen Electrode of a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell". Materials 13, № 10 (2020): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102267.

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Nanoscale perovskite oxides with enhanced electrocatalytic activities have been widely used as oxygen electrodes of reversible solid oxide cells (RSOC). Here, La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ (LSF) nanoscale powder is synthesized via a novel molten salt method using chlorides as the reaction medium and fired at 850 °C for 5 h after removing the additives. A direct assembly method is employed to fabricate the LSF electrode without a pre-sintering process at high temperature. The microstructure characterization ensures that the direct assembly process will not damage the porosity of LSF. When operating as a sol

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22

Deraman, Mohamad, Rusli Daik, Sepideh Soltaninejad, et al. "A New Empirical Equation for Estimating Specific Surface Area of Supercapacitor Carbon Electrode from X-Ray Diffraction." Advanced Materials Research 1108 (June 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1108.1.

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Interest in research of supercapacitor has been in increasing trend because of high demand of supercapacitor application as energy storage device in both systems that require low and high power-energy usage. For supercapacitor using porous carbon electrodes, the energy storage mechanism involves the electrolyte ions in electrodes pores and electronic charges in electrodes to form electric double layers at the electrode-electrolyte interface without undergoes any chemical reaction. The specific surface area of porous electrodes, which affect the performance of supercapacitor, have been widely i

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Suzuki, Kosuke, Ryo Kanai, Naruki Tsuji, et al. "Dependency of the Charge–Discharge Rate on Lithium Reaction Distributions for a Commercial Lithium Coin Cell Visualized by Compton Scattering Imaging." Condensed Matter 3, no. 3 (2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat3030027.

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In this study, lithium reaction distributions, dependent on the charge–discharge rate, were non-destructively visualized for a commercial lithium-ion battery, using the Compton scattering imaging technique. By comparing lithium reaction distributions obtained at two different charge–discharge speeds, residual lithium ions were detected at the center of the negative electrode in a fully discharged state, at a relatively high-speed discharge rate. Moreover, we confirmed that inhomogeneous reactions were facilitated at a relatively high-speed charge–discharge rate, in both the negative and positi

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Pratista, Eka, Gunawan Gunawan, and Didik Setiyo Widodo. "Preparation of thin layer CuO from Cu2O using the Spin Coating Method at Various Annealing Temperature and Number of Dripping for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 11 (2020): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.11.390-395.

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A thin layer preparation of CuO from Cu2O powder using Fehling's solution for photoelectrochemical applications has been performed. The research was focused on studying the effect of annealing temperature and the number of drops on the performance of CuO thin layer semiconductors from Cu2O powder prepared by spin coating with a rotation rate of 500 rpm for 15 seconds. The thin layers were treated with annealing with temperature variations of 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C for 1 hour and variations in the number of drops of 10, 20, and 50 drops. The CuO thin layer was tested in a photoelectrochemical

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Sumedha, H. N., Mabkhoot A. Alsaiari, Mohammed S. Jalalah та ін. "Rapid Microwave Synthesis of β-SnWO4 Nanoparticles: An Efficient Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries". Crystals 11, № 4 (2021): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040334.

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We report a facile synthesis of β-SnWO4 nanoparticles via a microwave heat treatment using SnCl2 and H2WO4 in the presence of tamarind seed powder. An X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed a crystalline nature revealing a cubic structure of β-SnWO4 nanoparticles. The morphological features were visualized using a scanning electron microscope that exhibited homogenously distributed clusters of nanoparticles, which were further confirmed using a transmission electron microscope. The micrographs also displayed some porosity. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the elemental contents suc

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Kuksenko, S. P., H. O. Kaleniuk, Yu O. Tarasenko, and M. T. Kartel. "The triad “electrode – solid electrolyte interphase – electrolyte” as a ground for the use of conversion type reactions in lithium-ion batteries." Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 12, no. 3 (2021): 226–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp12.03.226.

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The solution to the problem of negative impact on the ecology of fossil fuel consumption is the use of electrochemical energy sources. The special attractiveness has shown of lithium power sources is highlighted and the need to develop new cheap electrode materials and electrolytes with unique properties. The peculiarities of the behavior of lithium and the formation of a layer of reaction products on its surface upon contact with a liquid organic electrolyte have considered. The analysis of the main problems and ways of their solution at use of conversion electrodes of the II type for lithium

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27

Jung, Kunhwa, Daisuke Ando, Yuji Sutou, Tetsuya Oyamada, Masamoto Tanaka, and Junichi Koike. "The Thickness-Ratio Effects of Ni/Nb Electrode on Wire Bonding Strength with N-Type 4H-SiC." Materials Science Forum 717-720 (May 2012): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.829.

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The thickness-ratio effects of Ni/Nb bi-layer electrodes were studied for power device applications. The reaction microstructure and electrical contact property were investigated after annealing at 1000 °C and compared with the results of an Ni electrode. Microstructure-related problems of the Ni electrode could be successfully resolved without sacrificing ohmic contact behavior by the addition of Nb to a Ni based electrode. Carbon precipitation was reduced with increasing Nb thickness by the formation of carbides, which led to good adhesion between the electrode and a wiring pad. High shear s

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28

Matsunaga, Yuki, and Takahide Oya. "Development of Paint-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using Carbon Nanotube Paint." Journal of Nanotechnology 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5081034.

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This paper proposes paint-type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). DSCs, one type of solar cell, generally consist of a dye-attached semiconducting electrode, a metallic electrode, and an electrolyte. The DSC generates power through the excitation of the electrons in the dyes and the oxidation-reduction reaction between the dyes and the electrolyte. For our paint-type DSC, we made two electrodes by painting two types of paint on substrates. We used carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the paint material because they have both semiconducting and metallic properties. This enabled us to prepare semiconducti

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Patil, Dipali S., Sachin A. Pawar, Hyo Jin Kim, and Jae Cheol Shin. "Hierarchical Manganese–Iron-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for Asymmetric Supercapacitors." Energies 13, no. 18 (2020): 4616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184616.

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This work presents a synthesis of hierarchical manganese–iron-layered double hydroxide (MnFe-LDH) nanostructured electrodes using the hydrothermal synthesis route by varying the reaction time for electrochemical energy storage applications. The electrochemical behavior of the MnFe-LDH electrodes synthesized at different reaction times was analyzed in a three-electrode cell configuration using 2 M KOH electrolyte. The uniform and well-organized MnFe-LDH nanosheet electrode (MnFe-12h) showed the maximum areal capacitance of 2013 mFcm−2 at a 5 mVs−1 scan rate, and 1886 mFcm−2 at a 25 mA applied c

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Mahdavi, Behzad, Danielle Miousse, Joël Fournier, Hugues Ménard, and Jean Lessard. "Hydrogen evolution reaction at nickel boride electrodes in aqueous and in aqueous methanolic and ethanolic solutions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 3 (1996): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-043.

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The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was investigated at nickel boride pressed powder electrodes in aqueous and in aqueous methanolic (ethanolic) alkaline (1 M NaOH) solutions in the presence and the absence of NaCl (0.1 M) and H3BO3 (0.1 M) at 25 °C by the steady-state polarization and ac impedance techniques. The ac impedance data were analyzed using the constant-phase element (CPE) model. It was found that the electrocatalytic behaviour of a nickel boride electrode for the HER was the same in all the above media and that the HER proceeds via the Volmer–Heyrovsky mechanism. The kinetic para

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31

Massé, Robert C., Chaofeng Liu, Yanwei Li, Liqiang Mai, and Guozhong Cao. "Energy storage through intercalation reactions: electrodes for rechargeable batteries." National Science Review 4, no. 1 (2016): 26–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nww093.

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Abstract Electrochemical energy storage has been an important enabling technology for modern electronics of all kinds, and will grow in importance as more electric vehicles and grid-scale storage systems are deployed. We briefly review the history of intercalation electrodes and basic concepts pertaining to batteries based on intercalation reactions. Then we summarize how the critical performance metrics—energy density, power density, safety and stability—relate back to electrode materials properties, and how these materials properties are related to fundamental chemical and physical structure

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Weng, Yu-Ching, Cheng-Jen Ho, Hui-Hsuan Chiao, and Chen-Hao Wang. "Pt3Ni/C and Pt3Co/C cathodes as electrocatalysts for use in oxygen sensors and proton exchange membrane fuel cells." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 75, no. 12 (2020): 1029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2020-0116.

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AbstractThe composites Pt3Ni/C and Pt3Co/C are electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). This study compares the electrocatalytic activity of these electrodes that are used to detect oxygen, and determines their suitability for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Chemical reduction is used to produce the Pt3Ni/C and Pt3Co/C electrocatalysts. The particle size, elemental composition and crystallinity of the intermetallic electrocatalysts are determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDX). The ORR activity of the

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Toteda, Steven D. "Use of fractals to describe microstructures of porous thick-film platinum electrodes." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (1992): 314–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100121971.

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Zirconia oxygen sensors, in such applications as power plants and automobiles, generally utilize platinum electrodes for the catalytic reaction of dissociating O2 at the surface. The microstructure of the platinum electrode defines the resulting electrical response. The electrode must be porous enough to allow the oxygen to reach the zirconia surface while still remaining electrically continuous. At low sintering temperatures, the platinum is highly porous and fine grained. The platinum particles sinter together as the firing temperatures are increased. As the sintering temperatures are raised

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Theerasak, Juagwon, Leasen Suthisa, and Tanakorn Osotchan. "Fabricated Carbon Nanotube Electrodes Blending with Various Metal Phthalocyanines for Detection of Five Taste Models." Advanced Materials Research 1131 (December 2015): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1131.139.

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Electrochemical characteristic of blended multiwall carbon nanotube paste electrode (CNTPE) was investigated with five basic taste models. The multiwall carbon tube was blended with metal phthalcyanine (MPc) powders including of CoPc, FePc, MgPc, MnPc and ZnPc to produce modified working electrode. Solutions with concentration of 0.1 M of potassium chloride (KCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), sucrose, citric and monosodium glutamate (MSG) were used as model solutions of saltiness, bitterness, sweetness, sourness and umami, respectively. Cyclic voltammograms (CV) of the fabricated electrodes wer

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Fedorovich, V., S. D. Varfolomeev, A. Sizov, and I. Goryanin. "Multi-electrode microbial fuel cell with horizontal liquid flow." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 2 (2009): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.139.

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A plug flow multi-electrode bioelectrochemical reactor for wastewater treatment and simultaneous generation of electricity has been developed and its efficiency investigated. It employs a horizontally located anodic zone in which the anodic electrodes comprise porous graphite plates coated with palladium. The aerated immersed cathodic electrodes contain iron(II) phthalocyanine as a catalyst. The parameters of the device were obtained using glycerol and acetate as fuels and anaerobic sludge as an inoculum. The maximal volumetric power and current densities obtained, relative to the total volume

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JEONG, SOON-JONG, JUNG-HYUK KOH, DONG-YOON LEE, et al. "EFFECT OF NANOSIZED TiO2 POWDER ON PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF Ag-BASED ELECTRODE MATERIALS." International Journal of Nanoscience 03, no. 06 (2004): 829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x04002723.

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This study presents the synthesis of nano-oxide-added Ag/Pd powders and its properties tolerable at temperatures above 1100°C for an electrode material utilized in multilayer ceramic devices. The powders of xAg/yPd powder around core cell TiO 2 were formed in a co-precipitation process of Ag and Pd in nano-oxide-dispersed solution, where Ag and Pd precursors are melted in HNO 3 acid. Reaction between ceramic and electrode layers with nanoparticle oxide powder allows internal stress to reduce and mechanical bonding strength to increase due to anchor effect. The densification of the nano-oxide-a

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Saito, Genki, and Tomohiro Akiyama. "Nanomaterial Synthesis Using Plasma Generation in Liquid." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/123696.

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Over the past few decades, the research field of nanomaterials (NMs) has developed rapidly because of the unique electrical, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties of these materials. Among the various methods available today for NM synthesis, techniques for plasma generation in liquid are relatively new. Various types of plasma such as arc discharge and glow discharge can be applied to produce metal, alloy, oxide, inorganic, carbonaceous, and composite NMs. Many experimental setups have been reported, in which various parameters such as the liquid, electrode material, electrode configura

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Wang, Yi-Ta, Chyow-San Chiou, Shao-Yu Chang, and Hua-Wei Chen. "Enhancement of Electrical Properties by a Composite FePc/CNT/C Cathode in a Bio-Electro-Fenton Microbial Fuel Cell System." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 5 (2020): 3252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17372.

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This study focused on an iron phthalocyanine compound with aligned CNTs on the surface of a carbon felt electrode (FePc/CNT/C) to enhance the bio-electro-Fenton microbial fuel cell system cathodes reaction rate of hydrogen peroxide and the electrical plate. Experiments of polarization curves and power density, decolorization of Reactive Black 5 (RB5), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measured the characteristics of the cathode plate. FePc/CNT/C presented better electrical properties (open-circuit voltage, maximum current density, and maximum power density) than that of CNT/C and C, as Fe

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Martínez, S. A., M. G. Rodríguez, and C. Barrera. "A kinetic model that describes removal of chromium VI from rinsing waters of the metal finishing industry by electrochemical processes." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 5-6 (2000): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0495.

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A study was made to remove Chromium VI (Cr6+), present in large quantities in the rinsing waters from the plating industry, using electrochemical treatment. Large amount of Cr6+ are found. It was found that the reaction rate followed a variable kinetic order at concentrations up to 1700 mg Cr6+/L. It was also noticed that Cr6+ reduction depended on the ferrous ions (Fe2+) released at the anode, the cathode reactions and the acidic corrosion on electrodes. Iron salts produced electrode passivation and it caused a 50% increase in treatment time and power requirements. Eliminating the salt format

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Yakovlev, Andrey V., Alexander I. Finaenov, Natalia Yu Kuznetsova, Elena V. Yakovleva, and Dina F. Abdullina. "STUDY OF ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERCALATION OF GRAPHITE IN SOLUTIONS OF HNO3 WITH METHOD OF CHRONOVOLTAMPEROMETRY." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 1 (2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017601.5459.

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For citation:Yakovlev A.V., Finaenov A.I., Yakovleva E.V., Kuznetsova N.Yu., Abdullina D.F. Study of electrochemical intercalation of graphite in solutions of HNO3 with method of chronovoltamperometry. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 1. P. 34-39.The physico-chemical properties of suspensions of graphite-nitric acid were studied. The ratios of the components in suspension providing the possibility of their anodic oxidation with the formation of compounds of the implementation of graphite were determined. The values of electrical conductivity of suspensions of grap

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Alcaraz, María-Luisa, and Jesús Gálvez. "Effects of Langmuirian adsorption on the potentiostatic response at spherical and planar electrodes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 1 (1991): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19910042.

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Equations for a potentiostatic reaction with an adsorption process following Langmuir’s isotherm have been derived for the expanding sphere with any power law electrode model. This model is very general and includes, among others, the following ones: (a) stationary plane; (b) stationary sphere; (c) expanding plane; and (d) expanding sphere. Characteristics of these solutions and the behavior of the corresponding asymptotic solutions are discussed. A comparison of the results obtained for plane and spherical electrodes has also been performed.

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Wijeratne, Kosala, Ujwala Ail, Robert Brooke, et al. "Bulk electronic transport impacts on electron transfer at conducting polymer electrode–electrolyte interfaces." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 47 (2018): 11899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806087115.

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Electrochemistry is an old but still flourishing field of research due to the importance of the efficiency and kinetics of electrochemical reactions in industrial processes and (bio-)electrochemical devices. The heterogeneous electron transfer from an electrode to a reactant in the solution has been well studied for metal, semiconductor, metal oxide, and carbon electrodes. For those electrode materials, there is little correlation between the electronic transport within the electrode material and the electron transfer occurring at the interface between the electrode and the solution. Here, we

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Ghosh, Souvik, Aparna Paul, Prakas Samanta, et al. "Influence of Transition Metals (Cu and Co) on the Carbon-Coated Nickel Sulfide Used as Positive Electrode Material in Hybrid Supercapacitor Device." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 7 (2021): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5070180.

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Herein, a facile, environment-friendly and cost-effective approach was followed for the preparation of metal sulfide-based supercapacitor electrodes. The effect of transition metal interrogation on the morphology and electrochemical performance of carbon-coated nickel sulfide composite electrode was investigated. Physicochemical characterization showed that the enhancement in electrical conductivity and electrochemical reaction sites with the introduction of copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) was due to the variation in morphology. Fast ionic transformation and improvement in the number of redox acti

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Dong, Xiaoli, Long Chen, Jingyuan Liu, Servane Haller, Yonggang Wang, and Yongyao Xia. "Environmentally-friendly aqueous Li (or Na)-ion battery with fast electrode kinetics and super-long life." Science Advances 2, no. 1 (2016): e1501038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501038.

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Current rechargeable batteries generally display limited cycle life and slow electrode kinetics and contain environmentally unfriendly components. Furthermore, their operation depends on the redox reactions of metal elements. We present an original battery system that depends on the redox of I−/I3− couple in liquid cathode and the reversible enolization in polyimide anode, accompanied by Li+ (or Na+) diffusion between cathode and anode through a Li+/Na+ exchange polymer membrane. There are no metal element–based redox reactions in this battery, and Li+ (or Na+) is only used for charge transfer

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Perugupalli, Deva Harsha, Tao Xu, and Kyu Taek Cho. "Activation of Carbon Porous Paper for Alkaline Alcoholic Fuel Cells." Energies 12, no. 17 (2019): 3207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173207.

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In this study, various treatment methods to increase the reactivity of carbon porous electrodes for alkaline alcoholic fuel cells were investigated with commercially available carbon papers to understand the characteristic electrochemical behaviors of the treated carbon electrodes and to find the best method to enhance the cell performance. Effects of thermal treatment, potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment, N2 doping, and reaction-area control via a multi-layered structure were compared in the cell-based tests, and a huge improvement in the cell performance (i.e., 64% increase of open circuit v

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Wala, Marta, and Wojciech Simka. "Effect of Anode Material on Electrochemical Oxidation of Low Molecular Weight Alcohols—A Review." Molecules 26, no. 8 (2021): 2144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082144.

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The growing climate crisis inspires one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century—developing novel power sources. One of the concepts that offer clean, non-fossil electricity production is fuel cells, especially when the role of fuel is played by simple organic molecules, such as low molecular weight alcohols. The greatest drawback of this technology is the lack of electrocatalytic materials that would enhance reaction kinetics and good stability under process conditions. Currently, electrodes for direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) are mainly based on platinum, which not only provides a po

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Seok, Seonho, Cong Wang, Elie Lefeuvre, and Jungyul Park. "Autonomous Energy Harvester Based on Textile-Based Enzymatic Biofuel Cell for On-Demand Usage." Sensors 20, no. 17 (2020): 5009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20175009.

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This paper presents an autonomous energy harvester based on a textile-based enzymatic biofuel cell, enabling an efficient power management and on-demand usage. The proposed biofuel cell works by an enzymatic reaction with glucose in sweat absorbed by the specially designed textile for sustainable and efficient energy harvesting. The output power of the textile-based biofuel cell has been optimized by changing electrode size and stacking electrodes and corresponding fluidic channels suitable for following power management circuit. The output power level of single electrode is estimated less tha

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Bojang, Adama A., and Ho Shing Wu. "Characterization of Electrode Performance in Enzymatic Biofuel Cells Using Cyclic Voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." Catalysts 10, no. 7 (2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10070782.

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The main objective of this study was to examine the quantitative performance of the electrochemical redox reaction of glucose by glucosidase and oxygen with laccase in a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0. The characterization of electrode performance was performed by using electrochemical analysis such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The use of such electrochemical analysis (CV and EIS) enables a better understanding of the redox process, the charge transfer resistance, and, hence, the potential mass transfer among the electrode materials in phosp

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Li, Xiaodong, Sheng Fu, Wenxiao Zhang, Shanzhe Ke, Weijie Song, and Junfeng Fang. "Chemical anti-corrosion strategy for stable inverted perovskite solar cells." Science Advances 6, no. 51 (2020): eabd1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd1580.

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One big challenge for long-lived inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is that commonly used metal electrodes react with perovskite layer, inducing electrode corrosion and device degradation. Motivated by the idea of metal anticorrosion, here, we propose a chemical anticorrosion strategy to fabricate stable inverted PSCs through introducing a typical organic corrosion inhibitor of benzotriazole (BTA) before Cu electrode deposition. BTA molecules chemically coordinate to the Cu electrode and form an insoluble and polymeric film of [BTA-Cu], suppressing the electrochemical corrosion and reactio

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Zhang, Jian Min, and Wei Hua Chen. "A New Composite Electrocatalyst, TiO₂/AC, for Oxygen Reduction in Zinc-Air Battery." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3621.

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A new composite electrocatalyst, well-dispersed TiO2/active carbon (AC), has been assessed with regard to its applicability for oxygen reduction in air electrodes. TiO2/AC powders were prepared by one-step vapor hydrolysis of TiCl4 with active carbon. The structure and composition of the powders were analyzed by means of XRD and FTIR, and the results showed that anatase titanium dioxide of particle size 16.5 nm was produced after calcination at 400 °C. The influences of the preparative parameters of the air electrode on its discharge performance were studied by polarization curve measurements.

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