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Journal articles on the topic 'Powder Metallurgy Gears'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wei, D. B., H. X. Liang, S. Q. Li, F. K. Li, F. Ding, S. Y. Wang, Z. L. Liu, and P. Z. Zhang. "Microstructure and tribological behavior of W-Mo alloy coating on powder metallurgy gears based on double glow plasma surface alloying technology." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 55, no. 2 (2019): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb181031022d.

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In the present paper, plasma surface alloying was implemented on powder metallurgy gears to improve its wear resistance based on double glow plasma surface metallurgy technology. A W-Mo alloy coating was obtained in the process. The morphology, microstructure and phase composition were investigated by SEM, EDS and XRD. The hardness was examined by Vickers hardness test and nanoindentation test. The tribological behavior of powder metallurgy gears before and after plasma surface alloying was evaluated on a ball-on-disc reciprocating sliding tribometer under dry sliding condition at room temperature. The results indicate that the W-Mo alloy coating is homogeneous without defects, which includes deposition layer and interdiffusion layer. The average microhardness of powder metallurgy gears before and after plasma surface alloying is 145.8 HV0.1 and 344.4 HV0.1, respectively; Nano hardness of deposition layer and interdiffusion layer is 5.76 GPa, 14.35 GPa, respectively. The specific wear rate of W-Mo alloy coating is lower than original PM gears. The wear mechanism of W-Mo alloy coating is slight adhesive wear. The W-Mo alloy coating prepared by double glow plasma surface alloying technology can effectively improve wear resistance of powder metallurgy gears.

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Andersson, Michael, Magnus Bergendahl, Ulf Bjarre, Anders Eklund, Staffan Gunnarsson, Sven Haglund, Hans Hansson, et al. "Manufacturing full density powder metallurgy gears through HIP:ing." Metal Powder Report 74, no. 4 (July 2019): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mprp.2018.12.076.

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3

Bao, Chong Xi, Zhou Qiang Shen, and Zheng Ping Shu. "The Application of P/M Advanced Techniques to Sintered Gears." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.321.

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The processes of P/M affect the properties of sintered gears. The different techniques of P/M lead to the different properties of sintered gears. This paper summarizes new progress in powder metallurgy for sintered gears. These progresses include warm compaction, high velocity compaction, sinter hardening, high temperature sintering, infiltration, CNC powder press and surface densification etc.

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4

Cetinel, Hakan, and Burak Yilmaz. "Stress Analyses of Pump Gears Produced by Powder Metallurgy." Materials Testing 55, no. 5 (May 2, 2013): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/120.110444.

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5

Zhou, Yushan. "FORM GRINDING TECHNOLOGY FOR THE MOLD OF POWDER METALLURGY GEARS." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 41, no. 01 (2005): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2005.01.162.

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6

Oliveira-Motta, Clayton A. de, José de Souza, Ana Paula S. de Matos Dias, Arão de Matos Dias, Eduardo Henrique de Souza Cardoso, and Lirio Schaeffer. "Straight Bevel Gears Manufacturing Analysis by Conventional Powder Metallurgy Process." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 14, no. 01 (January 2017): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-1401042732.

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7

Frech, Tim, Philipp Scholzen, Christoph Loepenhaus, and Fritz Klocke. "Powder Metal Gears for Highly Loaded Powertrains: How Powder Metallurgy Supports Current Trends in Transmission Technology." SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 11, no. 4 (April 3, 2018): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0989.

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8

Tie, Xiao Yan, and Hua Zhang. "Mold Machining Process and Applying Technologies of Spiral Bevel Gears." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.152.

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Mold processing had been the main method of the fast development in modern industry and production, which was the way to accelerate producing efficiency and reduce the cost. The performance and accuracy was the key to realizing molding processing of spiral bevel gears. In traditional, EDM(Electrical Discharge Machining) was used in manufacturing spiral bevel gears mold, which led to low precision for large processing error in the tooth surface of electrodes. Then surface accuracy and meshing performance couldn’t achieve to the expected demands. The way of modeling by three-dimensional software became a new selection with the high surface accuracy and simple modification process to surface. There were mainly injection, powder metallurgy, precision forging, die-casting and so on.

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9

Fontanari, Vigilio, Alberto Molinari, Michelangelo Marini, Wolfgang Pahl, and Matteo Benedetti. "Tooth Root Bending Fatigue Strength of High-Density Sintered Small-Module Spur Gears: The Effect of Porosity and Microstructure." Metals 9, no. 5 (May 24, 2019): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9050599.

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The present paper is aimed at investigating the effect of porosity and microstructure on tooth root bending fatigue of small-module spur gears produced by powder metallurgy (P/M). Specifically, three steel variants differing in powder composition and alloying route were subjected either to case-hardening or sinter-hardening. The obtained results were interpreted in light of microstructural and fractographic inspections. On the basis of the Murakami a r e a method, it was found that fatigue strength is mainly dictated by the largest near-surface defect and by the hardness of the softest microstructural constituent. Owing to the very complicated shape of the critical pore, it was found that its maximum Feret diameter is the geometrical parameter that best captures the detrimental effect on fatigue.

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10

Li, Xinmin, Mario Sosa, Martin Andersson, and Ulf Olofsson. "A study of the efficiency of spur gears made of powder metallurgy materials – ground versus super-finished surfaces." Tribology International 95 (March 2016): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.11.021.

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11

Mushtaq, Shuhaib, and Mohd Farooq Wani. "Tribological characterization of Fe-Cu-Sn alloy with graphite as solid lubricant." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2017-0337.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of varying Wt.% (0-3 per cent) of graphite as a solid lubricant on the tribological properties of Fe-Cu-Sn alloy. Design/methodology/approach Powder metallurgy technique is used for the fabrication of Fe-Cu-Sn alloy with varying Wt.% of graphite. The tribological tests were conducted on a ball-on-disc universal tribometer under different testing conditions. Findings The friction coefficient decreases with sliding distance and load, but the wear rate increases with the increase in load. The G3 composition showed the best tribological properties under dry conditions. The wear mechanism of G0 composition shows adhesive wear and abrasive wear, while G1, G2 and G3 compositions show mildly abrasive wear. Originality/value This paper reported a new, cheap and wear-resistant self-lubricating Fe matrix material for gears and bearings.

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12

Vuorinen, Esa, Jesper Vang, Malo Carradot, Pernilla Johansson, and Erik Navara. "Powder Metallurgically Produced Carbide Free Bainite." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.480.

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Steels with carbide free bainitic (CFB) microstructures show excellent strength, toughness and wear resistance. Cast or wrought products produced by conventional metallurgy have become gradually introduced in manufacturing of numerous machine components. The required silicon addition of more than 1.5wt% in CFB-steels limits the possibilities to produce components of these steels by P/M methods. The aim of this work has been to investigate the possibilites to produce CFB-steels by pressing and sintering. Four different powder mixtures based on Distaloy DC powder have been pressed to a relative density of 90 % and sintered in a N2-H2 atmosphere at 1150 °C. The sintered components were then austenitized followed by austempering at a temperature above the martensite start temperature. Tensile and impact testing together with microhardness measurements have been performed. The microstructures were studied by optical microscopy as well as SEM and XRD-methods. The tensile strength values achieved varied from 313 to 737 MPa, the elongation after fracture were between 0.1 and 0.2%. The impact toughness values varied between 4 and 11 J. The hardness of the bainite after short sintering time varied between 630 and 710 HV and the hardness of the CFB was 350 HV after short sintering time but reached 573 after prolonged sintering. The microstructure consisted mainly of bainite, small amount of CFB mixed with austenite but also of ferrite and retained austenite after short sintering time. A longer sintering time created a structure consiting of mainly CFB with bainite and a small amount of ferrite. The most interesting applications for P/M produced CFB-containing steels should be components subjected to sliding or rolling-sliding wear loads, as gears. The hardness and strenght values achieved in the present work indicate that P/M produced CFB-steels can prove superior to conventional P/M steels in many applications.

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13

Mahdi, Farouk, and Omar Mahmood. "Effect of Yttrium Oxide on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Fe–10%Cu Composite." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 27, no. 3 (August 19, 2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.27.3.08.

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Iron-based composites have found a lot of industrial applications such as bearings, camshafts, connecting rods, pulleys, various valves, oil pump gears and many other applications in the automotive and other industries due to their low cost, availability, and high strength. The present study aims to prepare Fe-10 vol.% Cu - (0 – 5) wt.% nano Y2O3 composites by powder metallurgy technique and studying their physical and mechanical properties. The powders were mixed into ball mill for 30 minutes, followed by room temperature uniaxial compaction at 700 MPa for 3 minutes. The green specimens were sintered at 1000 oC for 1 hour. The results of the present study showed that nano yttrium oxide has significant effects on both physical and mechanical properties of Fe-10%Cu composite. The bulk density was increased by 0.92% and the true porosity was decreased by 6.4% on increasing the nano oxide content from 0% to 3% respectively. Vickers microhardness was increased by 5.9% on increasing Y2O3 up to 1% followed by gradual decrease on further increase above 1%. Wear rate was decreased by 21% on increasing the nano oxide content from 0% to 3%. On the other hand, the compressive strength was decreased by 47% on increasing Y2O3 up to 5%

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14

Chen, Di, Dekai Li, Jingguang Peng, Taolei Wang, Biao Yan, and Wei Lu. "The Effect of Rolling Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Surface-Densified Powder Metallurgy Fe-Based Gears Prepared by the Surface Rolling Process." Metals 7, no. 10 (October 10, 2017): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met7100420.

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15

Lu, Xiu Chun, Jia Wei Xu, Cai Jun Liu, He Rong Jin, and Ji Fang Qu. "Design Research on Low Speed and Overloaded Transmission System Based on Design Principle of Reverse Transformation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 2407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.2407.

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As a typical large rotary dual-drive device, three-car dumper is an essential and important equipment of raw materials storage and transport in the power, chemical industry, metallurgy, ports and other industries. It has some characters such as massive structure, heavy bearer, low-frequency running, frequent starting and braking and mechanical center of gravity which often shifts. The low-speed drive system has some working characteristics such as heavy loads, heavy shocks, low speed, poor working conditions, often breaking teeth and so on, so we propose a reverse design method for low-speed overloaded open gears through using design principles of reverse transformation. By using product reverse technology, we make the parameter design of low-speed and overloaded open gear pairs of Delafu dumper localization, so it extends the service life of gear pair and parts replacement period.

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16

Xie, Hai-dong, Hao-wei Yao, and Liang Zhang. "Research on Powder Metallurgy Gear Lifting Fire Tanker Performance." Procedia Engineering 52 (2013): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.168.

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17

Yang, Tung Sheng, J. Y. Li, and C. Y. Liu. "Study on the Maximum Forging Load and Final Face Width of Powder Spur Gear Forging." Materials Science Forum 697-698 (September 2011): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.697-698.420.

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Powder forging combines powder metallurgy and forging technology, thus possess the advantages of both processes that result in both stronger and yet more versatile products with complicated geometry and arbitrary alloy compositions. For complete filling up, predicting the power requirement and final face width is an important feature of the powder forging process. In this paper, a finite element method is used to investigate the forging force, the final face width and the density variation of the spur gear powder forging process. In order to verify the FEM simulation results, the experimental data are compared with the results of the current simulation for the forging force and the final face width of spur gear. The influences of the parameters such as modules, number of teeth, the initial relative density, the ratio of the height to diameter of billet and friction factor on the forging force and the final face width of the billets are also examined.

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18

Whittaker, D. "Powder metallurgy for gear production: Current status and potential future trends." Materials & Design 12, no. 2 (April 1991): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-3069(91)90112-h.

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19

Cedergren, J., S. Melin, and P. Lidström. "Numerical investigation of Powder Metallurgy manufactured gear wheels subjected to fatigue loading." Powder Technology 160, no. 3 (December 2005): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2005.08.023.

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20

Wojtaszek, Marek, Tomasz Śleboda, Maciej Rumiński, and Janusz Łuksza. "Design and Verification of the Parameters of Hot Forging of Ti10V2Fe3Al Alloy Compacts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 606 (August 2014): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.606.119.

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This research work was focused on the application of powder metallurgy technology to the production of high-quality products from Ti10V2Fe3Al alloy. For the purpose of investigations hot compaction and hot closed-die forging processes were used. As an initial material a mixture of elemental powders was applied. As a result of hot densification, fully densified semi-products were obtained (99.4 % relative density). Numerical modelling of forging of a selected forging was performed using finite element method. Various options of forging process conditions were applied. The designed parameters of forging technology were verified by means of trials performed in industrial conditions. The quality of the product was estimated by microstructure observations. It was found that hot forging of compacted mixture of elemental powders resulted in obtaining defect-free gear wheel showing the relative density of 99.8 ±0.2 %.

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21

Mechachti, Said, Omar Benchiheub, Abdenabi Abidi, Noureddine Gherraf, Mosbah Zidani, and Hichem Farh. "Property Evaluation of Nitrided Layers of Porous Sintered Iron." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 32 (September 2017): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.32.11.

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Powder metallurgy was mainly used to produce automobile parts such as beds self-lubricating bearings, and gear wheels. In order to investigate the effect of porosity on the mechanical and tribological properties of sintered steel, specimens with 10%, 20%, and 30% porosity were produced on samples of parallelepipedic form, with technical of iron powders that has been used in a large industrial area. Sintering was carried out at 1100 ° C for 2 hours in an argon atmosphere. Metallographic studies such as pore formation, saturated area, and the nitrided layer analyses were performed by microscopy and optical microscopy. It was found that the irregular pore formation tendencies increase with an increase in porosity (%). Furthermore, an increase in porosity has proven to decrease the mechanical properties and increase the wear trace area and the friction coefficient of sintered steel.

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Sońta, Grzegorz, Agata Dudek, Jacek Selejdak, and Robert Ulewicz. "Analysis of Structure of Elements for Automotive Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 712 (January 2015): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.712.81.

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The paper presents the results of the structure and chemical composition of materials used to manufacture of gear wheel for the automotive industry. Analyzed gear wheel that is a part of one of the mechanical systems of an automotive vehicle was made of sinter Sint-D 32 in the technology of powder metallurgy and alloy structural steel for quenching and tempering 42CrMo4. The cause of the analysis was to research for an alternative material for sinter Sint-D 32 after identified low static strength according to the requirements applicable in the automotive industry. For the analysis were used standard test methods applicable in materials science. Based on microstructure and mechanical properties analysis performed according to requirements applicable in the automotive industry, the research found that steel 42CrMo4 is relevant material to be used in serial production for this particular gear wheel.

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Seyedi, Scheida, K. H. Lang, and Detlef Löhe. "Fatigue Behaviour of Case-Hardened P/M Steels." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.371.

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Powder-metallurgical (P/M) produced components may be used as mass parts in a very large quantity. Due to the multistage manufacturing process which consists of the pressing of the prepared powder and the sintering of the green bodies also complex shaped components can be produced very economically and precisely. They can be utilised without any further post-processing if the whole production process is optimised. However, it is still difficult and only possible with considerable technical and financial effort to produce highly stressable components profitably using the sinter technique. Therefore, the examinations on hand had the intention to create the basis for the use of the sinter technology also for the production of highly stressable case-hardened components. To this, at first bending specimens were fabricated with modern pressing procedures and sinter facilities and first characterized in the as sintered state. Then the conditions for the case-hardening was analysed and the parameters for an optimised case-hardening procedure fixed. With these parameters specimens were case-hardened and their lifetime behaviour estimated under different bending loading conditions. Finally it should be checked whether the knowledge gained from the specimens could be applied to complex components. To this, gear wheels were produced using powder-metallurgy. The cyclical tooth foot strength of this gear wheels were analysed in the only sintered as well as in the case-hardened state. It could be demonstrated that the improvement of the fatigue strength of the bending specimens by case-hardening also appears at the tooth foot strength of the gear wheels.

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Kianian, Babak. "Comparing Acquisition and Operation Life Cycle Costs of Powder Metallurgy and Conventional Wrought Steel Gear Manufacturing Techniques." Procedia CIRP 81 (2019): 1101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.03.260.

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Liu, Zili, Zhendong Fang, Dongbo Wei, Xiqin Liu, Haohao Li, and Yuwen Zou. "Tribological properties of double-glow plasma Tungsten-Molybdenum alloyed layer on iron-based powder metallurgy gear materials." Materials Research Express 6, no. 8 (May 24, 2019): 0865a9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab213f.

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Li, Xinmin, and Ulf Olofsson. "A study on friction and wear reduction due to porosity in powder metallurgic gear materials." Tribology International 110 (June 2017): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2017.02.008.

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27

Jithesh, K., T. Ram Prabhu, R. V. Anant, M. Arivarasu, A. Srinivasan, R. K. Mishra, and N. Arivazhagan. "An Overview of Quasicrystal Reinforced Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.218.

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The strength of metals and their alloys are enhanced by adding secondary reinforcement particles like Conventional crystalline and non-crystalline particles such as SiC, glass and Al2O3. These particles provide weak interfacial bonding due to the crystallographic structure mismatch or undesirable interface reaction products. Quasicrystals provide strong interfaces with the matrix due to their low interfacial energy. Their low strength and stiffness make them useful in non-critical stress applications such as instrument panels, seat frames and gear box housings. Reinforcing quasicrystals to Mg alloys greatly enhances their strength or stiffness. The literature on quasicrystal (in-situ and ex-situ) reinforced Mg alloy composites are critically reviewed to show the importance of quasicrystal reinforcement in Mg alloys and the effect of different manufacturing process technologies such as casting process, powder metallurgy, hot extrusion on mechanical properties.

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28

Gün, T., M. Şimşir, and F. Özaydin. "Effect of induction hardening of Fe-C-Ni-Cu-Mo-B metal matrix composites by powder metallurgy for gear production." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 79, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0668.

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Purpose: In this study, mechanical behavior of iron base (Fe-0.8 C-2.0 Cu-1.5 Ni-X Mo-YB (%wt.), x=0.6, 1.2 and 1.8; Y=0.2, 0.6 and 1.0) metal matrix composite (MMC) by powdermetallurgy was investigated for gear production. Effect of Mo and B elements on surfacehardness, density and microstructure of the composite samples.Design/methodology/approach: MMC has produced by warm compaction methodfollowed by free sintering in controlled Ar gas atmosphere. Green composite has producedunder 650 MPa pressure at 160ºC temperature. The green products have been sinteredat temperature of 1150ºC and 60 min sintering time. Hardness test have been conductedbefore and after induction hardening. The microstructure of the samples have beenexamined before and after induction hardening under optical microscopy.Findings: The results have showed that the highest surface hardness has been obtainedX=1.8 and Y=1.0 composition. Addition of Mo and B elements does not affect on the densityof the sample.Research limitations/implications: The ability of induction hardening to compositematerial has been investigated.Originality/value: The studies were carried out in experimental composition with warmcompacting method.

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29

Zhang, Lei, Jiusheng Bao, Qingjin Zhang, Yan Yin, Tonggang Liu, and Shan Huang. "Design and Simulation of a Novel Planetary Gear Mixer for Dry Particle Materials." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 4 (October 13, 2020): 387–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797613999200525140019.

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Background: Mixer with excellent performance is the essential premise for high-quality mixture production to ensure uniformity. In the fields of food, pharmacy, powder metallurgy and machinery industry, materials mixing is an indispensable process. At present, the mixing efficiency and performance of the traditional mixer are very low, which has its own limitations, and it is difficult to ensure the quality of the mixture, which seriously affects the safety and reliability of the mixture products such as synthetic drugs, chemical reagents, cement, synthetic fiber, etc. Objective: In order to improve the mixing performance by improving the mixing uniformity, volume utilization, reducing the mixing time and mixing blind area, a novel planetary gear mixer for dry particle materials is designed. Its blades can rotate and the angle of attack can be changed at any time, which realizes the multi-degree of freedom movement of the blades. Methods: Firstly, the shortcomings of three kinds of traditional mixers are compared and analyzed, a novel planetary gear mixer for dry particle is proposed and its structural characteristics are described. Then, the transmission system and blade parameters of the mixer are designed and calculated, and the blade parameters of the mixers are optimized based on ADAMS and EDEM. Finally, the comparative simulation experiment between planetary gear mixers and SHR-10A mixers is carried out. The experiment is used to inquiry on the mixing performance of the new planetary gear mixer. Results: The complementary cycloid was the ideal mixing trajectory of the blade. The most distinctive feature of this motion is that the attack angle of the blade can change in all directions. When the blade parameter p = 11, the Lacey index rises the fastest and the mixing degree is the largest, which indicates that the optimal mathematical model of the blade is ‘y2= 22x’. The comparison with SHR-10A mixer showed that spatial distribution of multi-degree of freedom blades in the new planetary gear mixer has strong dispersion effects on particles and better mixing performance. Conclusion: The planetary gear mixer for dry particle materials is a new type of mixer, which is composed of two sets of blades whose attack angle can be changed at any time. Convection and shear mixing dominate its mixing space, which is conducive to its rapid and full mixing, improving the mixing performance. The dry particle planetary gear mixer for dry particle materials has great developmental value and wide engineering application prospect. In this article, various patents have been discussed.

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Leitans, Armands, Irina Boiko, Janis Lungevics, and Viktors Mironovs. "The Influence of the Technological Process on the Surface Quality and Tribological Properties of Powder Details." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2015): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol1.202.

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<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">Nowadays the materials made by methods of powder metallurgy are widely used for producing details of the heavy-duty friction pair. Due to high reliability and effective combination of mechanical and tribological properties such materials are usually used in transport industry, for example for gear assemblies of different kinds of automobiles, brake system of high speed trains, aircrafts etc. There are many variations of powder materials, but for friction pairs the iron based antifriction materials, for example Fe-C-Cu, Fe-P, Fe-Cu-Sn, Fe-Cu-Sn-Pb-MoS<sub>2</sub>, Fe-C-Cu-Ni-Mo and others are successfully used. In recent years, the requirements for antifriction materials are raised highly because of more intensive freight traffic and speed of vehicles. On the other hand, the demand of more inexpensive materials and effective using of natural resources is the issue of the day.</span></p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">The aim of this paper is to offer the new low-cost metal powder material based on Fe-C compound with content of Ni and Mo up to 0.3%. The influence of the parameters of technological process (pressing and sintering) on physical properties (porosity, density), mechanical properties (hardness) as well as on 2D roughness and 3D texture parameters was studied and is presented in this paper as well. The “Taylor Hobson Ltd” 3D measurement system has been used in metrological study. The analysis of the influence of the technological process on the surface roughness parameters is given. The tribological properties (friction coefficient) were evaluated using “ball-on-disk” testing without lubrication. The analysis of achieved results is prove the appropriateness of using of new low-alloy metal powder material on the iron base for producing details of friction pair. One of the possible applications - bushes for braking systems of railway rolling stock. Using offered material allows reducing the product cost in complex with acceptable wear resistance and durability.</span></p>

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Govindarajan, N., and R. Gnanamoorthy. "Computation of Sliding Friction and Ratcheting Strain of Sintered and Hardened Steels Under Contact Fatigue Conditions." Journal of Tribology 130, no. 4 (August 6, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2959107.

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Fatigue properties of powder metallurgy parts are affected mainly by the porosity fraction. Even though it has inferior mechanical and physical properties over the conventional materials, the application of powder metallurgy products in automotive fields is seen in recent trends. The rolling-sliding contact fatigue behavior of sintered and hardened steels has been investigated by performing experiments that represent practical sliding friction coefficient component prevailing in the medium- and heavy-duty bearings and gears. Introduction of sliding friction coefficient changes the typical failure pattern and wear rate of sintered and hardened steels. The sliding friction has been computed from available models and compared with the experimental data. The ratcheting strain has also been predicted for sintered and hardened steels for various contact pressures and sliding friction coefficients. The maximum value of this strain is responsible for surface crack initiation. The wear particle analysis is carried out for the sintered and hardened steels under rolling-sliding contact fatigue conditions. The ferrogram slides for pore free steel under the rolling-sliding contact fatigue conditions are also prepared to study the effect of porosity in wear mechanism. The characteristics of wear morphology and the size, shape, and concentration of worn particles for sintered and hardened steels are also analyzed for various rolling-sliding contact fatigue conditions.

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"Powder metallurgy in gear manufacture — A review." Metal Powder Report 46, no. 2 (February 1991): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0657(91)90474-f.

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Robatto, Lucas, Ronnie Rego, Victor Righetti, Gilmar Thim, and Anderson Borille. "Residual Stress Heterogeneity Induced By Powder Metallurgy Gear Manufacturing Chains." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, May 7, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40684-021-00317-8.

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Xiao, Maohua, Weichen Wang, Xiaojie Shen, Yue Zhu, Petr Bartos, and Yilidaer Yiliyasi. "Research on defect detection method of powder metallurgy gear based on machine vision." Machine Vision and Applications 32, no. 2 (February 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00138-021-01177-7.

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