Journal articles: 'Power and load factor'

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Ammar, M., S. Eskander, and Ibrahim Safwat. "Automatic control of load power factor." International Conference on Electrical Engineering 9, no. 9th (May 1, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/iceeng.2014.30464.

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Stojce Ilcev, Dimov. "Analysis of power factor corrections for obtaining improved power factors of switching mode power supply." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i3.31086.

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This article discusses such an important issue as the power factor of Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS) and its improvement through Power Factor Correction (PFC). The power factor shows how effectively uses the consumption of electric energy by certain loads connected to the power distribution system with Alternative Current (AC), which is very critical for the electricity-producing industry. The number of power factors is a dimensionless value that can vary from -1 to 1. Thus, in an electric power system, a load with a low power factor draws more current than a load with a high power factor for the same amount of transferring useful power, which may cause overloading of the power grid and lead to over-expenditure of electricity. Otherwise, designing power factor correction (PFC) into modern switched-mode power supplies (SMPS) has evolved over the past few years due to the introduction of many new controller integrated circuits (IC). Today, it is possible to design a variety of PFC circuits with different modes of operation, each with its own set of challenges. As the number of choices has increased, so has the complexity of making the choice and then executing the new design. In this article, the design considerations and details of operation for the most popular approaches are provided.

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Roopa C, Prof. "Case Study on Automatic Power Factor Compensation for Industrial Power." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 2691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36958.

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In an electrical power grid, for an equal amount of usable power transmitted, a load with a coffee power factor draws more current than a load with a small power factor. The higher currents increase the loss of energy in the distribution network and require larger wires and other equipment. Due to the costs of larger equipment and waste energy, electrical utilities will usually charge a much higher cost to industrial or commercial customers where a low power factor is present. Low-power factor linear loads (such as induction motors) are often corrected with a passive condenser or inductor network. The present drawn from the system is distorted by non-linear loads, like rectifiers. In such cases, the correction of the active or passive power factor may also counteract the distortion and lift the factor of the facility. The facility factor correction devices may also be installed at a central substation, opened over a distribution grid, or built into power-consuming equipment.

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Yani, Ahmad, Junaidi Junaidi, M. Irwanto, and A. H. Haziah. "Optimum reactive power to improve power factor in industry using genetic algortihm." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp751-757.

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Capacitor bank is a collection of power tools in the form of a capacitor that serves as a tool that can reduce or improve reactive power into the power grid. The load on the electricity network in general is an inductive load. If the average power factor (cos ϴ) is less than 0.85, the State Electricity Company will provide the reactive power in KVAR fines usage charges on customers. An effort should be done to reduce the reactive power. An installation of bank capacitor is suitable to be implemented in an industry AC loads. It will reduce the reactive power and improve the power factor. In the case of 380 V, 50 Hz, 500 kW AC loads are improved the power factor from 0.7 to 0.93 using genetic algorithm, thus the AC loads current and reactive power will be decreased. It is suitable that the AC loads current is inversely proportional to the power factor, and the reactive power is proportional to the AC loads current.

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Subramanian, Karthik, and Shantam Tandon. "Power factor correction using capacitors & filters." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.12 (April 3, 2018): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11288.

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Power factor is the ratio of the real current or voltage received by a load to the root mean square (rms) value of the current or voltage that was supposed to be acquired by the same load. The fact that the two become different is due to the presence of reactive power in the circuit which gets dissipated.Improving the power factor means reducing the phase difference between voltage and current. Since majority of the loads are of inductive nature, they require some amount of reactive power for them to function. Therefore, for the better use of electrical appliances with minimum amount of electrical consumption, the power factor should necessarily be increased and should be brought near to 1. This can be easily done by the help of Automatic Power Factor Correction Capacitors and Active filters.

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Coman, Ciprian Mihai, Adriana Florescu, and Constantin Daniel Oancea. "Improving the Efficiency and Sustainability of Power Systems Using Distributed Power Factor Correction Methods." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 3134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083134.

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For the equipment connected to the three-phase or single-phase grid, the power factor represents an efficiency measure for the usage of electrical energy. The power factor improvement through correction methods reduces the load on the transformers and power conductors, leading to a reduction of losses in the mains power supply and a sustainable grid system. The implications at the financial level are also important. An example of load that generates a small power factor is represented by a motor without mechanical load or having a small mechanical load. Given the power factor correction (PFC), the costs are reduced through the elimination of penalties, applying only in the common coupling point (CCP). The advantages of using equipment for the power factor correction are related also to their long operation duration and the easiness of their installation. The device presented in this article takes advantage of the advances in information and communication technology (ICT) to create a new approach for telemetry and remote configuration of a PFC. This approach has flexibility and versatility, such that it can be adapted to many loads, easily changing the capacitance steps and settings of the power factor correction device.

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Ammar, M., S. Eskander, A. Elmitwally, and A. Shahin. "Controlling the Load Power Factor Automatically. (Dept. E. )." Bulletin of the Faculty of Engineering. Mansoura University 39, no. 3 (July 13, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2020.102727.

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Lin, Bor-Ren, Shuh-Chuan Tsay, and Mu-Shan Liao. "Integrated power factor compensator without load current measurement." International Journal of Electronics 88, no. 11 (November 2001): 1189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207210110081124.

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Yani, Ahmad. "Improvement of Load Power Factor by Using Capacitor." IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 12, no. 01 (March 2017): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1676-1201043034.

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Coleman, Nicholas S., and Karen N. Miu. "Distribution Load Capability With Nodal Power Factor Constraints." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 32, no. 4 (July 2017): 3120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2016.2625599.

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Shanmugapriya, M., Aarim C. Sijini, V. T. Srinivas, M. Karthick, and S. Pavan. "Inductive Load power factor Correction using Capacitor Bank." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1916, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1916/1/012140.

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Rani, R. A., Shakir Saat, Yusmarnita Yusop, Huzaimah Husin, F. K. Abdul Rahman, and A. A. Isa. "The Effects of Total Harmonics Distortion for Power Factor Correction at Non-Linear Load." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i2.pp551-560.

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This paper presents the effect of total harmonic distortion (THD) in power factor correction (PFC) at non-linear load. This study focuses on the relationship between THD and PFC. This is beacuse,the power factor affects THD. This occurs in power system as we have variety of loads, i. e linear load or non-linear load. The variety of loads will influence the sinusoidal waveform, which comes out from harmonic distortion. Thus, based on this study, we can compare the effective method in improving the power factor as it will not disturb the performance of THD. The focus of study is on the single phase load, where the voltage restriction is 240 V. The analysis will only focus on the consumer, which depends on the variety of non-linear load. Besides, the parameters for analysis are based on the percentage of THD and the value of power factor. The instrument for measuring the parameter is based on power factor correction device or technique. On the other hand, the method that was used for this study is based on simulation which incorporated the Multisim software. At the end of ths study, we can choose the most effective method that can be used to improve the power factor correction without disturbing the THD.

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BS, Hartono, Sri Paryanto Mursid, and Sapto Prajogo. "Comparative Study Improving Residential Load Factor Using Power Shifting and Load Shifting." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 16, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v16i4.7715.

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K V, Bindu, and B. Justus Rabi. "A Novel Power Factor Correction Rectifier for Enhancing Power Quality." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i4.pp772-780.

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In this paper, the disturbances in power system due to low quality of power are discussed and a current injection method to maintain the sinusoidal input current which will reduce the total current harmonic distortion (THD) as well as improve the power factor nearer to unity is proposed. The proposed method makes use of a novel controlled diode rectifier which involves the use of bidirectional switches across the front-end rectifier and the operation of the converter is fully analyzed. The main feature of the topology is low cost, small size, high efficiency and simplicity, and is excellent for retrofitting front-end rectifier of existing ac drives, UPS etc. A novel strategy implementing reference compensation current depending on the load harmonics and a control algorithm for three-phase three-level unity PF rectifier which draws high quality sinusoidal supply currents and maintains good dc link- voltage regulation under wide load variation. The proposed technique can be applied as a retrofit to a variety of existing thyristor converters which uses three bidirectional switches operating at low frequency and a half-bridge inverter operating at high frequency .The total power delivered to the load is processed by the injection network, the proposed converter offers high efficiency and not only high power factor but also the Total Harmonic Distortion is reduced. Theoretical analysis is verified by digital simulation and a hardware proto type module is implemented in order to confirm the feasibility of the proposed system. This scheme in general is suitable for the common variable medium-to high-power level DC load applications.

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Rija, B. M., M. K. Hussain, and A. M. Vural. "Microcontroller Based Automatic Power Factor Correction for Single-Phase Lagging and Leading Loads." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 6 (December 20, 2020): 6515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3916.

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Power Factor (PF) correction is a major power quality function in electrical distribution systems. This paper proposes a low-cost Automatic Power Factor Correction (APFC) system to increase the PF of both lagging and leading single-phase loads. The Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller was used to calculate the PF and activate the relays that connect the capacitor/inductor banks to the load in parallel. Thus, the required capacitive or inductive reactive power was produced by the APFC system by automatically connecting the capacitor/inductor banks to the load in parallel. The APFC system can also measure and display many electrical parameters of the load such as the rms voltage, the rms current, PF, and the real, reactive, and apparent power on an LCD display. Two zero-crossing detector circuits are used to find the phase angle difference between voltage and current waveforms of the load. The measurement ability of the APFC system was tested for resistive, inductive, and capacitive loads with two different sizes. The measurement results were compared with the measurements of a commercial digital power meter and a measurement error of less than 8.0% was observed. The PF correction ability of the APFC system was verified for inductive and capacitive loads with two different sizes. The experiments show that the PF increased to close to unity for both lagging and leading loads.

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Bayu, Atinkut. "Power Quality Enhancement Using DSTATCOM in Industry Plants." Power Electronics and Drives 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2020-0012.

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Abstract This paper is focused on increasing the power quality of Unique Macaroni factory, located in Bahir Dar Town. Necessary data have been collected from the factory and the collected data are analysed. Based on the analysis of data, it is found that the factory working power factor is low and hovering around 0.7125. Voltage variations are up to 9.09%, average voltage unbalance is 2.2% and total harmonic distortion (THD) of load currents and voltage are 24.17% and 10.16%, respectively. Harmonic components have existed in the power distribution system of the factory. Based on the analysis of power quality problem in the factory, distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) and its control system have been designed to boost power quality of the factory and the results are obtained by generating simulations using Matlab software. It is observed from outputs of the Matlab simulations that DSTATCOM can improve the power quality of the factory. Generally, the shape of the waveform of load voltage and current is improved and THD level of load voltage is minimised to 1.55% and load current THD level is 7.09%. The reactive power needed by the loads (442 kVAr) is almost provided by the DSTATCOM, so reactive power from source supply is very small such as 22 kVAr so that the power factor of the source tends to unity.

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Chae, Myeong-Suk. "Sensitivity Analysis of the Power System Considering the Load Power Factor While using Direct Load Control." Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kieep.2015.64.4.333.

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Zhou, Jing Hua, Bin Ma, Xiao Wei Zhang, and Cheng Chen. "Induction Motor Reducing Voltage Energy-Saving Control Method Based on Closed-Loop Power Factor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 339 (July 2013): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.339.131.

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The paper starts from the angle of the induction motor energy loss, antis light-load energy conservation issues for induction motor, proposes a closed-loop control method of the motor power factor which is the amount of system feedback, and gives the constraint condition of the reducing voltage energy-saving. Different loads have different values of the optimal motor power factor, real-time adjusting the motor power factor to make the motor always run at the optimal power factor, and when running at light load, reducing the output voltage of the inverter, to reduce the motor copper loss and iron loss, to improve motor efficiency and power factor, to achieve reducing voltage energy-saving purposes, and to achieve the function of induction motor load following energy-saving. The experimental results show that the motor is able to maintain a high power factor operation in light load conditions, and has a good energy-saving effect.

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Sun, Hongbin, Xin Pan, and Changxin Meng. "A Short-Term Power Load Prediction Algorithm of Based on Power Load Factor Deep Cluster Neural Network." Wireless Personal Communications 102, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 1073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-5140-0.

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Tsolov, A., and B. Marinova. "Optimal Power Factor for the Reactive Load of Small Hydro Power Plants." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 2755–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1909.

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This article explores the operation algorithm of an excitation regulator of synchronous generators of small Hydro Power Plants (HPPs). The aim is to provide optimum economic parameters, consistent with the dynamically changing requirements of electric supply companies. An integral method for maintaining the power factor has been introduced. The proposed method ensures stable operation of generators in different working modes. It is implemented and the economic effect proved significant.

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Wang, Yizhen, Ningqing Zhang, and Xiong Chen. "A Short-Term Residential Load Forecasting Model Based on LSTM Recurrent Neural Network Considering Weather Features." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 2737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102737.

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With economic growth, the demand for power systems is increasingly large. Short-term load forecasting (STLF) becomes an indispensable factor to enhance the application of a smart grid (SG). Other than forecasting aggregated residential loads in a large scale, it is still an urgent problem to improve the accuracy of power load forecasting for individual energy users due to high volatility and uncertainty. However, as an important variable that affects the power consumption pattern, the influence of weather factors on residential load prediction is rarely studied. In this paper, we review the related research of power load forecasting and introduce a short-term residential load forecasting model based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network with weather features as an input.

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Nagarajan, M., and k. v. Kandasamy. "Optimal Power Factor Correction for Inductive Load Using PIC." Procedia Engineering 38 (2012): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.06.093.

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Akinnuli, B. O., and T. C. Akintayo. "An Empirical Model for Industrial Generator’s Capacity Requirement Determination." Engineering Management Research 4, no. 2 (October 19, 2015): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/emr.v4n2p70.

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In our community today, the existence of Power Holding Company of Nigeria can only help for a short period when it is available. In some areas, it is not available at all. Therefore, there is always need for generator as back up or continuous use in our industries. Determination of capacity of generator to procure is always a problem. Some company by error purchased generators that cannot carry the load of their industries. This always led to load shed either on machines or the entire facilities they have. This is due to the fact that the capacity of the generator required was not predetermined and also the expansion of the companies in the nearest future was not considered. This had contributed to the low productivity of many companies because of their inability to meet their monthly as well as yearly production targets. Hence the development of a model for the appropriate generator capacity selection for industrial installation which is empirically oriented. Developing an empirical model for this selection involves adequate understanding of electrical load distributions, variations and utilities connected to the electrical load of the generator. Parameters for industrial generator capacity were identified, mathematical model for each parameter were determined and integrated to form a unique model for decision making. The identified parameters are: capacity utilization, diversity factors, deration factor and usage type. The scenarios for computation were three based on the type of load required. This load were identified to be existing load, new and future loads. The developed models were applied using Honeywell foods (FMCG) company as case study under the first scenario. The load analysis for both the non-factory and factory load gave Summation of 531.47kW with power factor of 0.8 gave a converted value of 664.34kVA. The total variation factor gotten is 0.765 with 0.85 capacity utilization factor and diversity factor was 0.9. Application of total variation factor gave the converted load of 664.kVA and new load value of 508 kVA. Using power factor of 0.8 resulted into 406kW the generator considerations were derating factor of 0.75 and usage type factor (which is continuous) is 1 or 100%. The final determined generator capacity for this case study using derating factor of 0.75 made the required capacity to be 677kVA, and 542kW.

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Wu, Chi Jui, and Yu Wei Liu. "Reactive Power Compensation for Unbalanced Fluctuating Loads by Using Two-Dimensional Instantaneous Space Vector Approach." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 1444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.1444.

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To improve the power quality and efficiency on feeding unbalanced loads, this paper proposes a scheme of instantaneous current compensation that can modify the power factor and balance the three-phase currents simultaneously. The method of instantaneous space vectors can compensate the reactive power effectively, but the problems of unbalanced load currents remains. This paper suggests a method that can mitigate the unbalanced load currents by setting the active power as a constant for each cycle. Field measurement data were analyzed. Simulation results confirmed the feasibility of correcting the power factor and balancing load currents simultaneously using the proposed method.

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Vijay, Vani, Giridhar Kini Perdoor, and Viswanatha Chenna. "Load emulation technique for variable power factor and harmonic loads with energy recycling." IET Power Electronics 11, no. 8 (May 21, 2018): 1329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2017.0247.

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Setiyono, Setiyono, and Bambang Dwinanto. "Single Phase Power Factor Improvement Based Instantaneous Power P Q Theorm." Bulletin of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering 1, no. 2 (August 2, 2020): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25008/bcsee.v1i2.9.

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This paper presents how to harmonic disturbance reduce on single phase power system. One of the most popular method is harmonic signal extraction with instantaneous power p q theorm. This algorithm implemented to harmonic cencellation by active power filter circuit be paralled with the non linier load. This filter generates of current compensation that are injected into the grid to improve power quality. This Filter is built by an inverter circuit that consists of a mosfet switch array and capasitor mounted on DC link side. Two types of loads are resitive inductive and resistive capasitive produce of current source wave form that close pure sinusoid. Simulation results show the THD index fell to the level of 2.7% in accordance with IEEE 519 standard rules which states that the harmonics content of the power system may occur below 4%, indicating that the power system can be categorized as having good quality.

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Narula, Swati, Bhim Singh, G. Bhuvaneswari, and Rahul Pandey. "A Power Factor Corrected SMPS with Improved Power Quality for Welding Applications." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2014-0157.

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Abstract This paper presents the analysis, design and implementation of a power factor corrected Arc Welding Power Supply (AWPS) with a boost converter at the front end and three full-bridge (FB) converters connected in parallel at the load end. The modular arrangement of the FB converters offers several meritorious features like usage of power devices with comparatively lower voltage and current ratings, ease of power expandability, easy maintenance, etc. The boost converter operates in continuous conduction mode minimizing the input current ripple and leading to the lowest RMS current thereby improving the input power quality. Individual control loops are designed for each power stage. A dual loop control scheme is employed to incorporate over-current limit on the proposed AWPS which ensures excellent weld bead quality. The proposed AWPS is implemented to validate its performance over a wide range of line/load variations. Test results confirm its fast parametrical response to load and source voltage variations and over-current protection leading to improved welding performance and weld bead quality. The system is found to perform extremely well with very low input current THD and unity power factor, adhering to international power quality norms.

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Nojeng, Syarifuddin, Syamsir Syamsir, Arif Jaya, Andi Syarifuddin, and Mohammad Yusri Hassan. "Distribution Factor Method Modified for Determine of Load Contribute based on the Power Factor in Transmission Line." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i3.pp1236-1242.

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This paper proposes a modification of distribution factor methods for identifying the load contribute in a transmission open access, with regard to the load power factor. This method may be considered as the first pricing strategy to be proposed in bilateral transaction for transmission usage, based on the actual use of the transmission network. The merit of this method relies on the existence of a load power factor with GLDF methods, which allocate the transmission cost, not only based on the amount of power flow but also on the load characteristic. A case study utilizing the IEEE 30-bus system was conducted to illustrate the contribution of the proposed method in allocating the transmission usage to the user in a fair manner.

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Amin, Dara Hama. "Utilizing Load and Loss Factors in Determination of the Technical Power Losses in Distribution System’s Feeders: Case Study." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.07.06.

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This study uses load factor and loss factor to determine the power losses of the electrical feeders. An approach is presented to calculate the power losses in the distribution system. The feeder’s technical data and daily operation recorded data are used to calculate and analyze power losses. This paper presents more realistic method for calculating the power losses based on load and loss factors instead of the traditional methods of calculating the power losses that uses the RMS value of the load current which not consider the load varying with respect to the time. Eight 11kV feeders are taken as a case study for our work to calculate load factor, loss factor and power losses. Four of them (F40, F42, F43 and F45) are overhead lines while the others (F185, F186, F187 and F188) are underground cables. The greater differences between their losses were obtained, due to various types of route length, type, and dimension of conductors. The study takes different configuration feeders for computation with determination in power losses.

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Doroshenko, O. I., and S. A. Borisenko. "ABOUT PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS OF POWER SUPPLIES INDUSTRIAL AND SIMILAR TO THEM POWER CONSUMERS." ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS 33, no. 109 (December 22, 2020): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/eltecs.33.109.2020.7.

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Based on modern quantum physics, an original approach is proposed to the principle of mod- eling the transmission of electrical energy to industrial and equated consumers with a design power of up to 1000 kVA, which is performed using transformers of the TM-6 (10) / 0.4 kV type, provided that that their secondary voltage is a potential form of the SES electromagnetic energy supplied to such consumers. At the same time, the normal mode of the maximum load of the transformer is considered when its active and reac- tive loads are equal, at which the reactive load factor of the consumer's power supply system has the highest permissible value (the phase angle of the sinusoidal voltage current is zero). A static vector-quantum model of a transformer power transmission has been developed, which simplifies the understanding of the process of compensating for the reactive load of a transformer and makes it possible to refine the operating power of a capacitor bank with 0.4 kV capacitors. At the same time, the idea is confirmed that the value of the reactive load factor of a transformer is not only the main criterion for the electromagnetic compatibility of the SES of a particular electricity consumer, but also a criterion for its economic efficiency. Using the numerical value of such a coefficient, it is possible to determine the value of the economic equivalent of the reactive load of a particular SES.

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Khaing, Moe Kay Thi. "Power Factor Correction with Synchronous Condenser for Power Quality Improvement in Industrial Load." International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications 3, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijsea0303.1002.

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Naumov, I. V., D. N. Karamov, A. N. Tretyakov, M. A. Yakupova, and E. S. Fedorinovа. "Study of power transformer loading in rural power supply systems." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2020-13-4-282-289.

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The purpose of this study is to study the effect of loading power transformers (PT) in their continuous use on their energy efficiency on a real-life example of existing rural electric networks. It is noted that the vast majority of PT in rural areas have a very low load factor, which leads to an increase in specific losses of electric energy when this is transmitted to various consumers. It is planned to optimize the existing synchronized power supply systems in rural areas by creating new power supply projects in such a way as to integrate existing power sources and ensure the most efficient loading of power transformers for the subsequent transfer of these systems to isolated ones that receive power from distributed generation facilities. As an example, we use data from an electric grid company on loading power transformers in one of the districts of the Irkutsk region. Issues related to the determination of electric energy losses in rural PT at different numerical values of their load factors are considered. A computing device was developed using modern programming tools in the MATLAB system, which has been used to calculate and plot the dependence of power losses in transformers of various capacities on the actual and recommended load factors, as well as the dependence of specific losses during the transit of 1 kVA of power through a power transformer at the actual, recommended and optimal load factors. The analysis of specific losses of electric energy at the actual, recommended and optimal load factors of PT is made. Based on the analysis, the intervals of optimal load factors for different rated power of PT of rural distribution electric networks are proposed. It is noted that to increase the energy efficiency of PT, it is necessary to reduce idling losses by increasing the load of these transformers, which can be achieved by reducing the number of transformers while changing the configuration of 0.38 kV distribution networks.

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Singh, Alka. "Performance Analysis of a Shunt Compensator Controlled Using Modified Synchronous Reference Theory." Advances in Electrical Engineering 2014 (August 7, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/392187.

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This paper deals with the control of distribution energy resource (DER) connected to a grid connected system feeding nonlinear loads. The DER is controlled to provide power quality improvement capabilities, namely, power factor correction, harmonic reduction, and load balancing. The developed controller is based on modification of synchronous reference theory. It possesses unique features such as filtration and fundamental voltage extraction from the polluted grid voltages to eliminate harmonics and unbalance. Additionally, the control is implemented over the square of DC link voltage. The distributed generation source is realized as a voltage source converter. Both simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness of control algorithm with nonlinear loads. The control algorithm works well for power factor correction, harmonic reduction, and operation under unbalanced load condition. The dynamics of the system under load change and load unbalancing are well depicted.

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Omran, Safaa S., Ali Sh Al-Khalid, and Amer Atta Yaseen. "A Shortest Data Window Algorithm for Detecting the Power Factor in presence of non-sinusoidal load current." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 3956. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp3956-3966.

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During recent years, nonlinear power electronic equipments introduce harmonic pollution on electric power systems. It makes the traditional power factor meter can not act accurately when it monitors unbalanced and harmonic loads. In this paper, a new algorithm for detecting the power factor in presence of non-sinusoidal load current is proposed. The proposed algorithm detects the true power factor exactly. By uses only two successive sampled data points of the voltage and the current for each displacement power factor value calculation and two sampled data points for each distortion power factor value calculation, the total/true power factor becomes easy to measure using these values directly. The proposed detector implemented using microcontroller as a main part and has been tested for single phase power system. The test results show that it can measure the true power factor of the loads quickly and accurately.

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Cho, Kwang-Seung, Byoung-Kuk Lee, and Jong-Soo Kim. "CRM PFC Converter with New Valley Detection Method for Improving Power System Quality." Electronics 9, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010038.

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High efficiency and the power factor of power converters, are very important factors which can improve power system quality. In particular, research on improving low efficiency and the power factor at light-load conditions is essential. A boost power factor correction (PFC) is most commonly used in home appliances, with several operations being at light-loads; the critical conduction mode (CRM) control, fixed ON-time control, and valley detection technique are mainly applied to PFC control. However, these control schemes have the following problems: (1) low efficiency, due to sudden increase in switching frequency at light-loads; and (2) low power factor, due to switching ON-time limitation. This paper presents a new valley detection method that can actively extend the fixed ON-time to overcome these problems. Furthermore, a new valley point detection circuit and an ON-time extension signal generation circuit are proposed and described in detail. The superiority of the proposed method is demonstrated via comparison with two existing CRM PFC control methods, namely fixed ON-time (conventional#1) and existing valley detection (conventional#2) methods. Experimental results at 20% load demonstrate that the proposed method shows an efficiency improvement of 2.1%, compared with the fixed ON-time strategy; and a power factor improvement of 34.9%, compared with the existing valley detection strategy.

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Shahriar, Md Rifat, and Ui-Pil Chong. "Design of a Power Factor Measurement System for Nonlinear Load." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 25, no. 11 (November 30, 2011): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2011.25.11.113.

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A. Abdulsada, Mohammed, Furat A. Abbas, and Fathi R. Abusief. "EVALUATION OF POWER FACTOR UNDER LINEAR AND NONLINEAR LOAD CONDITIONS." ERJ. Engineering Research Journal 32, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjm.2009.69340.

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Jifri, Mohammad Hanif, Elia Erwani Hassan, Nor Hamizah Miswan, and Nazrulazhar Bahaman. "Macro-Factor Affecting the Electricity Load Demand in Power System." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 7, no. 5 (October 30, 2017): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.7.5.2278.

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Kodsi, Sameh K. M., Claudio A. Cañizares, and Mehrdad Kazerani. "Reactive current control through SVC for load power factor correction." Electric Power Systems Research 76, no. 9-10 (June 2006): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2005.10.002.

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Qin, Jian Rong, and Jia Cun Wang. "Electrical Load Management Tool Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 3332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.3332.

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The purpose of electrical load management in a manufacturing plant is to change the load profile in order to gain from reduced total system peak load and increased power factor. One of the widely taken approaches is to optimize the schedule of electrical equipment operation hours to take advantage of incentives and favorable pricing offered by utilities. In this paper, we present our work in designing and developing a web based tool for manufacturing plants to find out an optimal operation schedule of equipment so as to reduce energy cost. The tool allows users to configure their load by specifying electrical devices and their various parameters. Then the online system will assess power consumption over a certain time period, as well as peak power demand and power factor of the defined load.

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Yuniarto, Yuniarto, and Eko Ariyanto. "KOREKTOR FAKTOR DAYA OTOMATIS PADA INSTALASI LISTRIK RUMAH TANGGA." Gema Teknologi 19, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v19i4.19153.

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TL lamps, electric motors, Air Conditioner (AC), and other electrical equipment which is widely used for industry and households. Where all the electrical equipment is a burden that is inductive. As a result of the use of an inductive load, causing the falling value of the electrical power factor mounted on the customer can not be used optimally. To overcome this, in this thesis, has created a tool to correct the power factor value automatically. To improve the power factor, is used capacitors mounted in parallel to the load. By using the integrator, it can be obtained how large capacitor must be mounted parallel to the load according to the inductive load changes resulting in improved power factor value. Test results showed that an increase in the value of power factor from 0.34 to 0.95. Keyword : power factor, capasitor, inductive load, integraton

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Qi, Wenjuan, Jixuan Gao, and Zhongxian Wang. "Design of Multi-function Power Factor Instrument with STM32." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 6 (November 4, 2020): 925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096513666191224095720.

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Background: A multifunctional power factor device based on the FFT algorithm has been designed. The digital panel can display power factor, voltage, current, frequency, phase angle, active power and reactive power. Objective: To solve the influence of the harmonic interference and the aperiodic component on the accuracy of power factor measurement. Methods: In this paper, by combining a fixed-point 256-point FFT algorithm and taking STM32 as the core microcontroller, the hardware circuit and the software program are designed respectively. The hardware circuit is tested and analyzed in practice. Among them, the hardware circuit mainly includes the main circuit design, STM32 control circuit design, EMI and second-order RC filter circuit design, sampling circuit design, and signal conditioning circuit design. The software program mainly includes the main program, AD conversion subroutine, voltage and current acquisition subroutine, LCD display subroutine and twirl factor array. FFT algorithm is achieved by the table look-up method. Results: Finally, the hardware circuit is built and the software program is debugged to test the designed device. The experimental results show that the designed power factor instrument meets the task requirements under the different types of loads. Conclusion: After processing and analyzing the measurement results, it can be concluded that: under the pure resistive load, the maximal relative error of electrical parameters is 4.49%; and under the resistive inductive load, the maximal relative error of electrical parameters is 2.86%. Both results meet the design requirements.

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Zhang, Shun Hua. "Research for Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on Linearization Meteorological Factors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 700–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.700.

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With the development of economy in recent years, rapid growth of electricity demand, the cooling and heating load gets more and more big proportion of the total electricity load; the power load is influenced by meteorological factors which become more and more big. This topic will be based on short-term load forecasting in ANN (Artificial Neural Networks), conduct further research on the relationship between meteorological factors and power load, find the impact of the core meteorological factors of power load, and linear core meteorological factor model to establish the suitable for load forecasting based on ANN, make the forecasting to correctly reflect the meteorological conditions, improve the prediction accuracy of short-term load forecasting.

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Mehta, Ashok Kumar, Kesab Bhattacharya, and Dipak Ray. "Application of Support Vector Network for Power System Static Security Evaluation." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2015010104.

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This paper uses Support Vector Network (SVN) to examine whether the power system is secured under steady-state operating conditions. A system is considered operationally reliable if the load bus voltages do not fall below a certain limit and if the power flow through lines does not exceed the corresponding allowable values. SVN determines the minimum bus voltage and maximum ratio of line-flow to permissible line-flow. The input variables to the network are the active power of the load buses, power factor of the loads and the net generated powers of the generating buses. IEEE 14-bus system has been taken as an example. The proper kernel function and optimal value of C i. e. penalty parameter has been calculated. A comparison of the performance of SVN and ANN with those calculated by fast decoupled load flow is carried out. Results of the SVN closely agree with that obtained by fast decoupled load-flow and ANN in the case of proportional input vector. ANN is not suitable in the case of disproportionate input vector whereas SVN overcomes this disadvantage.

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Jiang, Zheng Rong, and Dong Ming Ma. "Power Factor Detection Methods Based on Atmega128." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 2340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.2340.

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There are three sampling methods for reactive power compensation controller, including active power factor detecting, reactive power detecting and reactive current detecting. This paper describes the power factor detecting, which use the avr microcontroller to detect load power factor, besides, the principles and characteristics of two different detection methods are presented, the detecting accuracy is compared between the same phase detecting method and using FFT algorithm.

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Govorun, Vladimir, Oleg Govorun, Vadim Markovskiy, and Aliya Zhumadirova. "Problems of Power Factor Correction in Power Supply Systems with Higher Harmonics Sources." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801019.

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In this paper, on the basis of simulation modeling, an algorithm for studying the current resonance that occurs in the power supply system with a chaotic change of the load power and variation of reactive power compensation degree, in the presence of consumers with a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic is proposed. It is shown that overloading of capacitor banks can occur in a wide frequency range, close to the resonant frequency. The proposed algorithm determines all possible frequencies at which an increase of currents in capacitor banks can occur above the permissible values in parallel resonance. The purpose of the proposed work: to show in what operating modes of the enterprise power supply system an overload of capacitors by currents of higher harmonics can occur when the load power changes and the degree of reactive power compensation varies.

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Nan, Yu Rong, and Na Meng. "Three-Phase Power Factor Correction Converter Based on One-Cycle Control in Aircraft Electric Power System." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2903.

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Traditional three-phase PFC converters based on one-cycle control (OCC) exhibit instabi- lity at light load conditions.This will cause much more harmonic current which is harmful to the syterm.To overcome this disadvantage, this paper introduces a modified three-phase power factor correction(PFC) converter based on one-cycle control in aircraft electric power system. The input voltage multiplies a gain and its result is added to the actual sensed current,then the sum of them is compared with the sawtooth waveform to yield switching signal.This is the modified contorl mathod. Finally the MATLAB simulations at heavy and light loads as well as the transfer between them are carried. The simulation results show that the improved control circuit can achieve unity power factor and exhibit stability at light loads.

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Xiao, Bai, Hao Wang, and Gang Mu. "Spatial Load Forecasting Based on Load Forecasting Reliability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1075.

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A spatial load forecasting method based on reliability of load forecasting is proposed. It calculates the correlation of wave comprehensive index, variance, maximum predictable ability of each power supply small area’s historical load data by using the analysis theory of grey degree based on the analysis of load forecasting error last target year. The weight of each factor effected on prediction outcomes according to the gray correlation degree is determined, then the load forecasting reliability model of each power supply area is constructed. Finally, by using the adjustment role of load forecasting reliability, the load of target year is forecasted. Actual example shows that the spatial load forecasting method based on reliability of load forecasting is correct and effective.

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Wang, Xue jun, Ji Xiang Zhang, Zhen Gao Zhang, and Ming Zhi Liu. "The Analysis of the Load Rate Influence Factors Based on the Grey Correlation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.94.

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With the rapid development of power industry, the load rate which describes the power characteristics is playing a more and more important role, this paper uses the grey correlation analysis to find the relationship between the load rate and the influence factors based on the historical data of the load rate influence factors and analyzes the weight of each influence factor quantitatively through the grey correlation coefficient so as to reflect the influence degree of different factors on load rate, meanwhile, through the analysis of various influencing factors of load rate, this paper hopes to clarify its effects on the load rate which includes strength, size and the order and help the power grid enterprise choose the key factors influencing the load rate which provide a basis for the future to improve the load rate.

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Cho, Jong-Man, Hyeong-Ha Park, Jung-Hee Lee, Chang-Ho Jung, and Jin-O. Kim. "Database Construction to Compute Representative Model of Load Power Factor in Bulk Power System." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 36, no. 20 (September 2003): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)34568-8.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Power and load factor'

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