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1
Choynowski, Peter. Measuring willingness to pay for electricity. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2002.
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Farhar-Pilgrim, Barbara. Willingness to pay for electricity from renewable energy. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1996.
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Thompson, John M. Great Power Rising. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859954.001.0001.
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This book examines the relationship between domestic politics and Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy. It argues that, in spite of the complicated nature of the US system, with its overlapping powers, intense partisanship, and continuous scrutiny from the media and public, Roosevelt mostly succeeded in implementing his agenda. In the process, it contends, he played a crucial role in the nation’s rise to world power. The book places particular emphasis on four factors: Roosevelt’s compelling vision for national greatness, political skill, faith in the people and the US system, and emphasis on presidential leadership. It finds that public sentiment was not isolationist, as some historians have argued, but was willing to support all of TR’s major objectives. Roosevelt’s feel for the national mood was also crucial, as was his willingness to compromise or change his views when necessary. Topics covered by the book include Roosevelt’s early career in politics; relations with great powers such as Britain, Germany, and Japan; the Monroe Doctrine, the Roosevelt Corollary, and Latin America; the impact of immigration from China and Japan; and World War I.
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Ryan, Eileen. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673796.003.0007.
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The end of World War II was followed by yet another redefinition of the Sanusiyya. British officials, intent on securing a friendly ally on Egypt’s western border, presented Idris al-Sanusi and the Sanusiyya as a fiercely independent proto-nationalist organization from its very inception. Italian imperialists, hopeful of a return to some form of influence in Muslim North Africa, depicted Idris al-Sanusi as a pro-Western sycophant, weakened by his willingness to negotiate with imperial powers. The postcolonial debates over Idris al-Sanusi’s claims to authority in a nationalist setting reveal the contradictions at the heart of colonial systems of rule in power-sharing relationships.
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Isoaho, Karoliina, Alexandra Goritz, and Nicolai Schulz. Governing Clean Energy Transitions in China and India. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0012.
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China and India will have to radically transform their electric power systems in order to decouple economic growth from unsustainable resource consumption. The development and deployment of renewable energies offers a solution to this challenge. A clean energy transition, however, requires radical changes in the energy system that can only occur if a governing coalition is both willing and able to implement successful RET (renewable energy technology) policies. The authors analyse how this willingness and ability is shaped by the coalition’s power and cohesiveness, societal pressures, and the institutional configuration across levels of governance. In doing so, central drivers are identified and barriers to a clean energy transition in China and India.
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Janet L, Hiebert. Part V Rights and Freedoms, A Litigating and Interpreting the Charter, Ch.33 The Notwithstanding Clause: Why Non-use Does Not Necessarily Equate with Abiding by Judicial Norms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0033.
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The notwithstanding clause in section 33 has always been the Charter’s most controversial provision. Although rarely invoked, a failure to use this power should not be equated with a willingness to abide by judicial norms about the Charter. This chapter analyses the political life of the notwithstanding clause. It examines the origins of the notwithstanding clause, its uses, its influence on constitutional ideals beyond Canada, and the political consequences associated with a deeply entrenched reticence to invoke the notwithstanding clause. This discussion addresses whether current reluctance to use section 33 is better explained by risk aversion than by legislative compliance with the Charter.
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Kalantzakos, Sophia. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670931.003.0006.
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The case of rare earths provides an important window into a new set of international challenges. China, a major power on the rise, maintains its dominance over these crucial strategic materials showing its willingness to use its position to further its political and economic goals. Moreover, the case provides insight into the overall inability of China’s international competitors and rivals to effectively remedy this asymmetry, allowing China to maintain its critical advantage in high tech, renewables and defense applications.As elements, rare earths are enablers. As political instruments, they are increasingly turning into a catalyst in a new era of potentially fraught international relations.
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Hooghe, Liesbet, Tobias Lenz, and Gary Marks. A Theory of International Organization. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198766988.001.0001.
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This book explains the design and development of international organization in the postwar period. It theorizes that the basic set up of an IO responds to two forces: the functional impetus to tackle problems that spill beyond national borders and a desire for self-rule that can dampen cooperation where transnational community is thin. The book reveals both the causal power of functionalist pressures and the extent to which nationalism constrains the willingness of member states to engage in incomplete contracting. The implications of postfunctionalist theory for an IO’s membership, policy portfolio, contractual specificity, and authoritative competences are tested using annual data for seventy-six IOs for 1950–2010.
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Echevarria, Antulio J. 5. Terror and terrorism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199340132.003.0005.
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‘Terror and terrorism’ discusses strategies in which terror is used to break an opponent’s willingness to fight or to induce a change in a rival power’s policy or behavior. Terror often causes little damage to a foe’s physical capacity to fight, even if it inflicts mass casualties. Targets are usually chosen for their psychological rather than their material effect. Terror and terrorism are military strategies largely because of their coercive power. Terrorism is violence (discriminate or otherwise) directed against noncombatants to influence public opinion or to modify a government’s policies. Whether terrorism constitutes a strategy or a tactic is still a matter of debate.
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Vanel, Hervé. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037993.003.0005.
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This chapter argues that John Cage's Muzak-plus ultimately addresses his idealistic belief that art could foster a revolution in society, one that would lead not to a transfer of power but, in an anarchist fashion, to its pulverization in the hands of the individual members of a collective. However, in the aftermath of World War II, any suggestion that art could be at the service of society was met with increased suspicion. Whether directly or indirectly, suggested Cage himself, any willingness to improve the world may only end up making the matter worse. One could read this warning as a summary of Muzak's self-styled ambition.
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Echevarria, Antulio J. 1. What is military strategy? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199340132.003.0001.
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Military strategy is the practice of reducing an adversary’s physical capacity and willingness to fight, and continuing to do so until one’s aim is achieved. It takes place in wartime and peacetime and may involve using force, directly or indirectly, as a threat. Military strategy is often divided into four components: ends (objectives), ways (courses of action), means (resources), and risk. The practice of military strategy is described along with military power, which is augmented by nine “principles of war”: objective, maneuver, surprise, mass, economy of force, offensive, security, simplicity, and unity of command. A general will likely use combinations of military strategies, linking them into a series of operations or campaigns.
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Grare, Frédéric. The Impact of the US Factor on India’s Asia Policy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859336.003.0003.
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The convergence of interests between India and the United States extend to most major regional issues. Both countries intend to pursue regional cooperation and develop an inclusive regional security architecture. Yet significant perception gaps persist between the two countries linked to their asymmetry of power as well as geographical locations. India does not want to be caught in a zero-sum game between China and the United States and remains uncertain about the willingness of the United States to act as a security provider. The relationship is ultimately based on a quid pro quo that takes into account US interests and India’s own constraints. A strong but autonomous India contributes to United States interests in the region.
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Shaw, Carolyn Martin. Reflections. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039638.003.0006.
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This book has investigated feminism's contribution to women's power/empowerment as well as conventional feminine powers in Zimbabwe. It has argued that feminism, the development of consciousness of sexism and the willingness to join with others to end discrimination against women, is not always quiet. Sometimes it is very much evident as in the liberation war or in street protests. At other times it is unobtrusive, as in women's inklings that something is wrong at work, without having the words to name that something. The book has also addressed cruel optimism as a promise of a future good life that is thwarted by the political economy, state spectacles of violence, and conventional attachments. This concluding chapter reflects on some of the important lessons that can be learned about middle-class women in Zimbabwe, and more specifically on the promises of freedom and feminism. It suggests that feminism stirs the promise of a better life, but the economy, politics, and society often do not conjoin to realize that promise.
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Empson, Laura. Leading Mergers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744788.003.0009.
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Leaders of professional organizations may initiate a merger to overcome obstacles to organic growth but have very limited power to ensure its success. Post-merger integration in professional organizations is entirely dependent upon the cooperation of the professionals who control access to key resources, such as knowledge, client relationships, and reputation. However, sharing these resources potentially undermines the power base of these professionals. The chapter identifies two reasons why professionals may be reluctant to cooperate with merger objectives: ‘fear of exploitation’ and ‘fear of contamination’. It presents the ‘School Dance’ model of post-merger integration, which outlines the gradual process by which professionals across the organization take responsibility for making the merger a success. Leaders of merging professional organizations require a subtle understanding of what drives professionals in a post-merger context, the willingness to hold back from direct action, and the perception to judge when the time is right to intervene.
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McWilliams, Monica, and Avila Kilmurray. Northern Ireland. Edited by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes, and Nahla Valji. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199300983.013.43.
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Women’s activism played an important role in conflict transformation in Northern Ireland, from the early civil rights activists to the development of the Northern Ireland Women’s Coalition political party. This chapter follows the history of activism in Northern Ireland, using the trajectory to illustrate how the exclusion of women from formal institutions resulted in a women’s movement that became an alternative means for creating change. It identifies important characteristics of women’s activism, including a willingness to build broad alliances in civil society and framing tactics that brought gender-specific interests to the peace process and the Good Friday peace agreement. As the chapter examines the successes and challenges of the post-conflict women’s movement in Northern Ireland, it reflects on the power of creativity and innovation in altering institutional dynamics during times of transition.
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Fleming, Andy, and Aurelien Mondon. The Radical Right in Australia. Edited by Jens Rydgren. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.013.32.
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Compared to its European counterparts, Australia was for the most part spared the rise of powerful extreme right movements, and at times appeared immune to their appeal. However, rather than immunity, the absence of extreme right politics can be explained by the ability and willingness of mainstream politics to readily, openly, and officially absorb such values. This chapter discusses how, for most of the country’s history, Australian mainstream politicians suffocated the extreme right, not merely by borrowing some key ideas of the extreme right, but by negating entirely its ability to appear as an alternative to the power in place. It then turns to the 1990s and explores the rise of Hansonism and its impact on mainstream politics. The final part of the chapter is dedicated to the current state of radical right politics in Australia.
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Wright, Jennifer Cole, ed. Humility. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864873.001.0001.
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This volume will explore humility as a virtue from a multidisciplinary perspective. Specifically, we will explore humility within different religious/spiritual traditions, arguing that it involves an appropriate alignment with God and/or a higher spiritual power, one in which we occupy rightful space, have proper self-regard, and receptive intelligence to the living world around us. We will also explore humility more secularly, examining its epistemic value in the development of knowledge, as well as the important role it has to play in politics, competitive activities, and business management, helping us keep our accomplishments in proper perspective, be less self-occupied, and display a willingness to help (and forgive) others. Finally, we will consider whether humility is the most important virtue—foundational to the mature development and expression of all other virtues and to moral exemplarity more generally.
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Chowdhury, Arjun. Suffering Spectators of Development. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190686710.003.0007.
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This chapter offers an alternative view of the incidence and duration of insurgencies in the postcolonial world. Insurgencies and civil wars are seen as the primary symptom of state weakness, the inability of the central government to monopolize violence. Challenging extant explanations that identify poverty and low state capacity as the cause of insurgencies, the chapter shows that colonial insurgencies, also occurring in the context of poverty and state weakness, were shorter and ended in regime victories, while contemporary insurgencies are longer and states are less successful at subduing them. The reason for this is the development of exclusive identities—based on ethnicity, religion, tribe—in the colonial period. These identities serve as bases for mobilization to challenge state power and demand services from the state. Either way, such mobilization means that popular demands for services exceed the willingness to disarm and/or pay taxes, that is, to supply the state.
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Bhatia, Sunil. Toward a Transnational Cultural Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199964727.003.0008.
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In this chapter, a decolonizing perspective is used to show how urban Indian youth identities across the different classes unsettle long-held beliefs about Eurocentric understandings of youth culture, identity, and subjectivities. It also shows how narrative psychology can be useful in providing a counterpoint to the depoliticized, individualistic, and universal views of culture. A vision of psychology is articulated that locates the psychological understanding of identity, cultural difference, power, and practices in neoliberal transnational contexts and reimagines the discipline of psychology in which concepts of narrative and indigenous psychology, social justice, and equity are central. It is argued that psychology has not developed a meaningful theoretical vocabulary or a willingness to explore questions of social justice that are wrapped around qualitative methods and community-based practices because these are usually conducted in faraway places with marginalized populations that have no history or recognition in American psychology or in the United States.
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Volgy, Thomas J., Kelly Marie Gordell, Paul Bezerra, and Jon Patrick Rhamey, Jr. Conflict, Regions, and Regional Hierarchies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.310.
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Despite decades of scholarly attention to conflict and cooperation processes in international politics, rigorous, comparative, large-N analyses of these questions at the region level are difficult to find in the literature. Although this relative absence may stem in part from the difficulties related to the theoretical conceptualization or methodological operationalization of regions, it certainly is not for lack of interesting variation in terms of conflict and cooperation processes across regions. Between this variation and recent contributions toward a dynamic identification of regions, comparative analysis of conflict and cooperation outcomes at the region level are primed for exploration and increasingly salient as recent political elections in the United States (Trump election) and the United Kingdom (Brexit) have demonstrated a willingness on the part of policymakers to scale back efforts toward global interdependence.Turning attention to a region level unit of analysis, however, does not require abandoning decades of scholarship at the state or dyad levels. Indeed, much of this work may be viewed as informing or complementary to comparative regional analyses. In particular, regional propensity for cooperation or conflict is likely to be conditioned by a number of prominent explanations of these phenomena at state and dyad levels, which may usefully be conceived in their regional aggregates as so-called regional fault lines or baseline conditions. These include the presence of major and/or regional powers, interstate rivalries, unresolved territorial claims, civil wars, regime similarity, trade relationships, and common membership in intergovernmental organizations.Of these baseline conditions, the impact of major and regional powers on regional patterns of cooperation and conflict is notable for both its theoretical and practical implications. Power transition theory, hegemonic stability theory, hierarchical theory, and long cycle theory all suggest major—and to a lesser extent regional—powers will seek to establish order within areas under their influence; alternatively, the overwhelming capabilities these states bring to a region arguably act as a deterrent inhibiting conflict. Empirical analysis reveals—irrespective of the causal mechanism at hand—regions characterized by the presence of a major or regional power experience less conflict. Moving forward, future research should work to test the two plausible causal mechanisms for this finding—order building versus deterrence—to determine the true nature of hierarchy’s pacifying influence.
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Chiang, Connie Y. Nature Behind Barbed Wire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842062.001.0001.
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The mass imprisonment of over 110,000 people of Japanese ancestry during World War II was one of the most egregious violations of civil liberties in US history. Removed from their homes on the temperate Pacific Coast, Japanese Americans spent the war years in ten desolate camps in the nation’s interior. Although scholars and commentators acknowledge the harsh environmental conditions of these camps, they have turned their attention to the social, political, or legal dimensions of this story. Nature Behind Barbed Wire shifts the focus to the natural world and explores how it shaped the experiences of Japanese Americans and federal officials who worked for the War Relocation Authority (WRA), the civilian agency that administered the camps. The complexities of the natural world both enhanced and constrained the WRA’s power and provided Japanese Americans with opportunities to redefine the terms and conditions of their confinement. Even as the environment compounded their feelings of despair and outrage, they also learned that their willingness (or lack thereof) to transform and adapt to the natural world could help them endure and even contest their incarceration. Ultimately, this book demonstrates that the Japanese American incarceration was fundamentally an environmental story. Japanese Americans and WRA officials negotiated the terms of confinement with each other and with a dynamic natural world.
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Grare, Frédéric. Southeast Asia in India’s Defense Strategy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859336.003.0004.
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India’s defence interactions with Southeast Asia were formed by the uncertain strategic configuration emerging in Asia at the end of the Cold War. India’s defence interactions with Southeast Asia were the outcome of the uncertain strategic configuration which emerged in Asia at the end of the Cold War. Additionally, asAs India’s economic interaction with the region grew, so did the need to protect its line of communication through Southeast Asia. Two sets of strategic strategy drive India’s defence interactions in Southeast Asia: the perceived imperative to be the predominant power in the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea, which borders Southeast Asia and the willingness to assume a greater strategic role in Southeast Asia and the West-Pacific Ocean. Practically, however, India’s defence engagements have been defined by availability of strategical partners and the level of political trust between New Delhi and concerned countries, In practical terms however India’s defence engagements in the region have been defined by the availability of strategically meaningful partners and the level of political trust between New Delhi and each of the concerned countries, generating a hierarchy of partnership dominated by Singapore. This uneven development of India’s defence collaboration with Southeast Asia is partly mitigated by India’s participation in ASEAN’s consensus based multilateral fora, ARF and ADMM+., which consensus based approach and non-binding character make India’s favourite instrument in the region.
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Schwenkler, John. Anscombe's Intention. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052027.001.0001.
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This book provides a careful, critical, and appropriately contextualized presentation of the main lines of argument in G.E.M. Anscombe’s seminal book, Intention, at a level appropriate to the advanced undergraduate but also capable of benefiting specialists in action theory, ethics, and the history of analytic philosophy. It begins by situating Anscombe’s project in relation to the controversy she initiated over the decision by the University of Oxford to award an honorary degree to Harry Truman, and the connection she saw between her Oxford colleagues’ willingness to excuse Truman’s murderous actions and the situation of moral philosophy at the time. It also documents many of the ways Anscombe drew on the thought of Aristotle, Aquinas, and Wittgenstein, as well as the points at which her argument engages with the work of then-contemporary authors, especially R.M. Hare and Gilbert Ryle. Against this background, the primary focus of the book is on presenting Anscombe’s arguments and assessing the plausibility and philosophical power of the position she develops. Topics that receive especially close attention include: Anscombe’s argument that the primary role of the concept of intention is in the description of what happens in the world, and not of an agent’s state of mind; her account of action as a teleological unity; the relation between rationalizing explanation and causal explanation; the difference between practical and theoretical reasoning; and the possibility of non-observational self-knowledge of what one intentionally does.
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Perthes, Volker, and Hanns W. Maull. The Middle Eastern Regional Order. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828945.003.0008.
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The Middle East has long been dominated by conflict interactions, both among Arab states and with the non-Arab regional powers Israel and Iran. Yet despite much violence and wars the old order in the Middle East—established at the end of World War I—was remarkably stable until 2011, when it disintegrated as a result of the “Arab spring.” The principal cause for this has been the weakness of the Arab states. Outside powers have been invited into the region to compensate for those weaknesses, but they have also exploited them. The disastrous US intervention in Iraq 2003 for a while dampened the willingness of outside powers to intervene, but since the intervention in Libya 2011 there has been a return to interventionism. None of these has been able, however, to overcome the principal dilemma of the region: the weakness of the Arab states.
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Galliott, Jai, Duncan MacIntosh, and Jens David Ohlin, eds. Lethal Autonomous Weapons. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197546048.001.0001.
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The question of whether new rules or regulations are required to govern, restrict, or even prohibit the use of autonomous weapons systems has been the subject of debate for the better part of a decade. Despite the claims of advocacy groups, the way ahead remains unclear since the international community has yet to agree on a specific definition of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems, and the great powers have largely refused to support an effective ban. In this vacuum, the public has been presented with a heavily one-sided view of “Killer Robots.” This volume presents a more nuanced approach to autonomous weapon systems that recognizes the need to progress beyond a discourse framed by the Terminator and HAL 9000. Reshaping the discussion around this emerging military innovation requires a new line of thought and a willingness to challenge the orthodoxy. Lethal Autonomous Weapons: Re-Examining the Law and Ethics of Robotic Warfare therefore focuses on exploring the moral and legal issues associated with the design, development, and deployment of lethal autonomous weapons. In this volume, we bring together some of the most prominent academics and academic-practitioners in the lethal autonomous weapons space and seek to return some balance to the debate. As part of this effort, we recognize that society needs to invest in hard conversations that tackle the ethics, morality, and law of these new digital technologies and understand the human role in their creation and operation.