Journal articles: 'Power Aware Test'

1

Potluri, Seetal, Nitin Chandrachoodan, and V. Kamakoti. "Interconnect Aware Test Power Reduction." Journal of Low Power Electronics 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 516–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jolpe.2012.1212.

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Singh, Padmaraj, Vijaykrishnan Narayanan, and David L. Landis. "Targeted random test generation for power-aware multicore designs." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 17, no. 3 (June 2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2209291.2209298.

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Li, Jia, Xiao Liu, Yubin Zhang, Yu Hu, Xiaowei Li, and Qiang Xu. "Capture-power-aware test data compression using selective encoding." Integration 44, no. 3 (June 2011): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vlsi.2011.01.005.

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HAN, Cheng-Yu, Yu-Ching LI, Hao-Tien KAN, and James Chien-Mo LI. "Power-Supply-Noise-Aware Timing Analysis and Test Pattern Regeneration." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E99.A, no. 12 (2016): 2320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e99.a.2320.

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Arslan, Baris, and Alex Orailoglu. "Power-Aware Delay Test Quality Optimization for Multiple Frequency Domains." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 35, no. 1 (January 2016): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2015.2448689.

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Elshoukry, Mohammed, Mohammad Tehranipoor, and C. P. Ravikumar. "A critical-path-aware partial gating approach for test power reduction." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 12, no. 2 (April 2007): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1230800.1230809.

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Habiby, Payam, Sebastian Huhn, and Rolf Drechsler. "Power-aware test scheduling framework for IEEE 1687 multi-power domain networks using formal techniques." Microelectronics Reliability 134 (July 2022): 114551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2022.114551.

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Czysz, Dariusz, Grzegorz Mrugalski, Nilanjan Mukherjee, Janusz Rajski, Przemysław Szczerbicki, and Jerzy Tyszer. "Deterministic Clustering of Incompatible Test Cubes for Higher Power-Aware EDT Compression." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 30, no. 8 (August 2011): 1225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2011.2126574.

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Ma, Junxia, and Mohammad Tehranipoor. "Layout-Aware Critical Path Delay Test Under Maximum Power Supply Noise Effects." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 30, no. 12 (December 2011): 1923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2011.2163159.

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Haghbayan, Mohammad-Hashem, Amir-Mohammad Rahmani, Antonio Miele, Mohammad Fattah, Juha Plosila, Pasi Liljeberg, and Hannu Tenhunen. "A Power-Aware Approach for Online Test Scheduling in Many-Core Architectures." IEEE Transactions on Computers 65, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 730–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2015.2481411.

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Ooi, Chia Yee, Jia Pao Sua, and Siaw Chen Lee. "Power-aware system-on-chip test scheduling using enhanced rectangle packing algorithm." Computers & Electrical Engineering 38, no. 6 (November 2012): 1444–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2012.04.010.

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Wang, Weizheng, Cai Shuo, and Lingyun Xiang. "Scan power-aware deterministic test scheme using a low-transition linear decompressor." International Journal of Electronics 102, no. 4 (July 17, 2014): 651–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207217.2014.936048.

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Sehgal, Anuja, Sudarshan Bahukudumbi, and Krishnendu Chakrabarty. "Power-aware SoC test planning for effective utilization of port-scalable testers." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 13, no. 3 (July 2008): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1367045.1367062.

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Sheshadri, Vijay, Vishwani D. Agrawal, and Prathima Agrawal. "Power-Aware Optimization of SoC Test Schedules Using Voltage and Frequency Scaling." Journal of Electronic Testing 33, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10836-017-5652-2.

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Parmar, Harikrishna, and Usha Mehta. "ILP Based Power-Aware Test Time Reduction Using On-Chip Clocking in NoC Based SoC." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 9, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea9020019.

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Network-on-chip (NoC) based system-on-chips (SoC) has been a promising paradigm of core-based systems. It is difficult and challenging to test the individual Intellectual property IP cores of SoC with the constraints of test time and test power. By reusing the on-chip communication network of NoC for the testing of different cores in SoC, the test time and test cost can be reduced effectively. In this paper, we have proposed a power-aware test scheduling by reusing existing on-chip communication network. On-chip test clock frequencies are used for power efficient test scheduling. In this paper, an integer linear programming (ILP) model is proposed. This model assigns different frequencies to the NoC cores in such a way that it reduces the test time without crossing the power budget. Experimental results on the ITC’02 benchmark SoCs show that the proposed ILP method gives up to 50% reduction in test time compared to the existing method.

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Larsson, E., and Z. Peng. "Power-aware test planning in the early system-on-chip design exploration process." IEEE Transactions on Computers 55, no. 2 (February 2006): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2006.28.

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Juneja, Kapil, Darayus Adil Patel, Rajesh Kumar Immadi, Balwant Singh, Sylvie Naudet, Pankaj Agarwal, Arnaud Virazel, and Patrick Girard. "An Effective Power-Aware At-Speed Test Methodology for IP Qualification and Characterization." Journal of Electronic Testing 32, no. 6 (October 6, 2016): 721–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10836-016-5621-1.

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18

Lee, Sangjun, Kyunghwan Cho, Jihye Kim, Jongho Park, Inhwan Lee, and Sungho Kang. "Low-Power Scan Correlation-Aware Scan Cluster Reordering for Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 6111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186111.

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Cryptographic circuits generally are used for applications of wireless sensor networks to ensure security and must be tested in a manufacturing process to guarantee their quality. Therefore, a scan architecture is widely used for testing the circuits in the manufacturing test to improve testability. However, during scan testing, test-power consumption becomes more serious as the number of transistors and the complexity of chips increase. Hence, the scan chain reordering method is widely applied in a low-power architecture because of its ability to achieve high power reduction with a simple architecture. However, achieving a significant power reduction without excessive computational time remains challenging. In this paper, a novel scan correlation-aware scan cluster reordering is proposed to solve this problem. The proposed method uses a new scan correlation-aware clustering in order to place highly correlated scan cells adjacent to each other. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a significant power reduction with a relatively fast computational time compared with previous methods. Therefore, by improving the reliability of cryptography circuits in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) through significant test-power reduction, the proposed method can ensure the security and integrity of information in WSNs.

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You, Jiaxuan, Jonathan M. Gomes-Selman, Rex Ying, and Jure Leskovec. "Identity-aware Graph Neural Networks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 12 (May 18, 2021): 10737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i12.17283.

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Message passing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) provide a powerful modeling framework for relational data. However, the expressive power of existing GNNs is upper-bounded by the 1-Weisfeiler-Lehman (1-WL) graph isomorphism test, which means GNNs that are not able to predict node clustering coefficients and shortest path distances, and cannot differentiate between different d-regular graphs. Here we develop a class of message passing GNNs, named Identity-aware Graph Neural Networks (ID-GNNs), with greater expressive power than the 1-WL test. ID-GNN offers a minimal but powerful solution to limitations of existing GNNs. ID-GNN extends existing GNN architectures by inductively considering nodes’ identities during message passing. To embed a given node, ID-GNN first extracts the ego network centered at the node, then conducts rounds of heterogeneous message passing, where different sets of parameters are applied to the center node than to other surrounding nodes in the ego network. We further propose a simplified but faster version of ID-GNN that injects node identity information as augmented node features. Alto- gether, both versions of ID-GNN represent general extensions of message passing GNNs, where experiments show that transforming existing GNNs to ID-GNNs yields on average 40% accuracy improvement on challenging node, edge, and graph property prediction tasks; 3% accuracy improvement on node and graph classification benchmarks; and 15% ROC AUC improvement on real-world link prediction tasks. Additionally, ID-GNNs demonstrate improved or comparable performance over other task-specific graph networks.

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Davidson, Scott. "About the power problem [review of "Power-Aware Testing and Test Strategies for Low Power Devices" (Girard, P., Eds., et.; 2010)." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 27, no. 6 (2010): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2010.122.

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Yamato, Yuta, Xiaoqing Wen, Kohei Miyase, Hiroshi Furukawa, and Seiji Kajihara. "Power-aware Test Generation for Reducing Yield Loss Risk in At-Speed Scan Testing." ECS Transactions 18, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3096455.

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Freijedo, Judit F., Jorge Semião, Juan J. Rodríguez-Andina, Fabian Vargas, Isabel C. Teixeira, and Paulo J. Teixeira. "Delay Modeling for Power Noise and Temperature-Aware Design and Test of Digital Systems." Journal of Low Power Electronics 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2008): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jolpe.2008.191.

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Azhaganantham, Arulmurugan, and Murugesan Govindasamy. "Genetic Algorithm-based thermal uniformity–aware X-filling to reduce peak temperature during testing." Measurement and Control 51, no. 7-8 (July 2, 2018): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294018784969.

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High temperature occurs in testing of complex System-on-Chip designs and it may become a critical concern to be carefully taken into account with continual development in Very Large Scale Integration technology. Peak temperature significantly affects the reliability and the performance of the chip. So it is essential to minimize the peak temperature of the chip. Heat generation by power consumption and heat dissipation to the surrounding blocks are the two prominent factors for the peak temperature. Power consumption can be minimized by a careful mapping of don’t cares in precomputed test set. However, it does not provide the solution to peak temperature minimization because the non-uniformity in spatial power distribution may create localized heating event called “hotspot.” The peak temperature on the hotspot is minimized by Genetic Algorithm–based don’t care filling technique that reduces the non-uniformity in spatial power distribution within the circuit under test while maintaining the overall power consumption at a lower level. Experimental results on ISCAS89 benchmark circuits demonstrate that 6%–28% peak temperature reduction can be achieved.

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Uzzaman, Anis, Brion Keller, Tom Snethen, Kazuhiko Iwasaki, and Masayuki Arai. "Automatic Handling of Programmable On-Product Clock Generation (OPCG) Circuitry for Low Power Aware Delay Test." Journal of Low Power Electronics 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jolpe.2009.1050.

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25

Mehta, Usha, K. S. Dasgupta, and N. M. Devashrayee. "Weighted Transition Based Reordering, Columnwise Bit Filling, and Difference Vector: A Power-Aware Test Data Compression Method." VLSI Design 2011 (October 5, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/756561.

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Test data compression is the major issues for the external testing of IP core-based SoC. From a large pool of diverse available techniques for compression, run length-based schemes are most appropriate for IP cores. To improve the compression and to reduce the test power, the test data processing schemes like “don't care bit filling” and “reordering” which do not require any modification in internal structure and do not demand use of any test development tool can be used for SoC-containing IP cores with hidden structure. The proposed “Weighted Transition Based Reordering-Columnwise Bit Filling-Difference Vector (WTR-CBF-DV)” is a modification to earlier proposed “Hamming Distance based Reordering—Columnwise Bit Filling and Difference vector.” This new method aims not only at very high compression but also aims at shift in test power reduction without any significant on-chip area overhead. The experiment results on ISCAS89 benchmark circuits show that the test data compression ratio has significantly improved for each case. It is also noteworthy that, in most of the case, this scheme does not involve any extra silicon area overhead compared to the base code with which it used. For few cases, it requires an extra XOR gate and feedback path only. As application of this scheme increases run length of zeroes in test set, as a result, the number of transitions during scan shifting is reduced. This may lower scan power. The proposed scheme can be easily integrated into the existing industrial flow.

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Lamarre, Olivier, Oliver Limoyo, Filip Marić, and Jonathan Kelly. "The Canadian Planetary Emulation Terrain Energy-Aware Rover Navigation Dataset." International Journal of Robotics Research 39, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364920908922.

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Future exploratory missions to the Moon and to Mars will involve solar-powered rovers; careful vehicle energy management is critical to the success of such missions. This article describes a unique dataset gathered by a small, four-wheeled rover at a planetary analog test facility in Canada. The rover was equipped with a suite of sensors designed to enable the study of energy-aware navigation and path planning algorithms. The sensors included a colour omnidirectional stereo camera, a monocular camera, an inertial measurement unit, a pyranometer, drive power consumption monitors, wheel encoders, and a GPS receiver. In total, the rover drove more than 1.2 km over varied terrain at the analog test site. All data is presented in human-readable text files and as standard-format images; additional Robot Operating System (ROS) parsing tools and several georeferenced aerial maps of the test environment are also included. A series of potential research use cases is described.

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MANVI, S. S., M. M. KODABAGI, and BHANU PRASAD. "AN AGENT BASED POWER AND BANDWIDTH AWARE ROUTING FOR MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 12, supp02 (October 2004): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488504003053.

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Ad-hoc wireless networks are power constrained as the nodes operate with limited battery energy. To maximize the lifetime of these networks, transactions through each mobile node must be controlled in such a way that the power dissipation rates for the nodes are almost the same. At the same time, providing QoS for ad-hoc networks is a complex task due to the ever-changing network topology. This paper addresses the problem of power and bandwidth aware routing. We propose a power and bandwidth aware source initiated routing model for mobile ad-hoc networks. The model uses both the static and mobile intelligent agents. The agents together find an optimal path among the available routes. The model is simulated to test its operational effectiveness in various network scenarios. We observed that the agents provide more flexible and adaptable routing services and also support component based software engineering features such as software reuse, maintainability, customization, and encapsulation.

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Al-Mejibli, Intisar. "Developing Energy Aware Distributed Aggregation Tree Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks." Iraqi Journal for Computers and Informatics 43, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25195/ijci.v43i2.57.

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Wireless sensor network WSN consists of small sensor nodes with limited resources, which are sensing, gathering and transmitting data to base station. Sensors of various types are deployed ubiquitously and widely in varied environments for instance, wildlife reserves, battlefields, mobile networks and office building. Sensor nodes are having restricted and non replenishable power resources and this is regarded as one of the main of their critical limits. All applied techniques and protocols on sensor nodes must take into consideration their power limitation. Data aggregation techniques are used by sensor nodes in order to minimize the power consumption by organizing the communication among sensor nodes and eliminating the redundant of sensed data. This paper proposed lightweight modification on data aggregation technique named Energy Aware Distributed Aggregation Tree EADAT. The main principle of this development is using the available information in sensor nodes to pass the role of parent node among sensor nodes in each cluster. The process of passing parent node role is based on nominating the sensor nodes which have higher power on regular bases. A model based on tree network architecture is designed for validation purpose and is used with NS2 simulator to test the proposed development. EADAT and EADAT with proposed development are applied on the designed model and the results were promising

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Dimitrova, Nikolina. "RESISTANCE WHILE MANAGING ITS OWN INERTIAL POWER FIELD." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, Suppl.1 (2019): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.s.01.100.

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The study of the managing methods represents particular interest in the biomechanics for the human body motor as well the opportunities for its improvement. (1) The basic problem related to the managing is to understand and to be aware of the task itself, the performance and the possibility for the reproduction. (2,3) Therefore the aim of this study is to try to determine the quantity of the basic parameters of the balanced resistance and also during the examination in order to influence the managing method. There were examined 85 individuals (33 women and 52 men) taking part in the test. The test battery includes performing of the supporting human body tasks on a stable graphic platform. The projections of the Gravity Centre have been studied and the task for the individuals submitted to the test is to manage the Gravity Center having their full conscience. During the performance a quantity difference has been observed and therefore we could establish the conclusions related to the degree of consciousness regarding the managing methods.

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Ochoa González, David Manuel, and Joao Carlos Espindola Ferreira. "Use of a virtual milling system to generate power-aware tool paths for 2.5-dimensional pocket machining." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 13 (April 5, 2019): 2419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419841975.

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Traditional (direction-parallel and contour-parallel) and non-traditional (trochoidal) tool paths are generated by specialized geometric algorithms based on the pocket shape and various parameters. However, the tool paths generated with those methods do not usually consider the required machining power. In this work, a method for generating power-aware tool paths is presented, which uses the power consumption estimation for the calculation of the tool path. A virtual milling system was developed to integrate with the tool path generation algorithm in order to obtain tool paths with precise power requirement control. The virtual milling system and the tests used to calibrate it are described within this article, as well as the proposed tool path generation algorithm. Results from machining a test pocket are presented, including the real and the estimated power requirements. Those results were compared with a contour-parallel tool path strategy, which has a shorter machining time but has higher in-process power consumption.

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Burgueño, Jesús, Isabel de-la-Bandera, and Raquel Barco. "Location-Aware Node Management Solution for Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity Scenarios." Sensors 21, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 7450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21227450.

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The location of user equipments (UEs) allows application developers to customize the services for users to perceive an enhanced experience. In addition, this UE location enables network operators to develop location-aware solutions to optimize network resource management. Moreover, the combination of location-aware approaches and new network features introduced by 5G enables to further improve the network performance. In this sense, dual connectivity (DC) allows users to simultaneously communicate with two nodes. The basic strategy proposed by 3GPP to select these nodes is based only on the power received by the users. However, the network performance could be enhanced if an alternative methodology is proposed to make this decision. This paper proposes, instead of power-based selection, to choose the nodes that provide the highest quality of experience (QoE) to the user. With this purpose, the proposed system uses the UE location as well as multiple network metrics as inputs. A dense urban scenario is assumed to test the solution in a system-level simulation tool. The results show that the optimal selection varies depending on the UE location, as well as the increase in the QoE perceived by users of different services.

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Zheng, Qun, and Ying Xu. "‘I will not put this request at the very beginning’." East Asian Pragmatics 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/eap.38210.

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Pragmatic (in)felicity in requests refers to the (in)appropriateness and (im)politeness of one's language use. It has been a great challenge to L2 learners, as they are likely to compose grammatically correct but pragmatically infelicitous requests. Such infelicity could be associated with pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic factors, yet whether L2 learners are aware of those factors has been underexplored. To understand the effects of power, imposition, and modifications on email perception, we designed a matched guise test for 224 Chinese L2 learners, who were instructed to rate from 1 (very inappropriate/impolite) to 5 (very appropriate/polite) on four email requests (Power±; Imposition±). We found that (1) learners are highly aware of pragmalinguistic factors because they perceive requests mitigated by internal and external modifications as more appropriate and polite (p < .05), (2) learners have limited awareness of power difference as they rank direct form as inappropriate in peer-to-peer interaction, and (3) learners cannot realise fully the sociopragmatic factors involved in high-imposition situations. The awareness of pragmatic (in)felicity among learners seems to be underdeveloped as regards degree of power and imposition. The findings could have some implications in language pedagogy.

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Zhao, Xin, Xiaoling Lv, Jinlei Cai, Jiayi Guo, Yueting Zhang, Xiaolan Qiu, and Yirong Wu. "Few-Shot SAR-ATR Based on Instance-Aware Transformer." Remote Sensing 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081884.

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Few-shot synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition (SAR-ATR) aims to recognize the targets of the images (query images) based on a few annotated images (support images). Such a task requires modeling the relationship between the query and support images. In this paper, we propose the instance-aware transformer (IAT) model. The IAT exploits the power of all instances by constructing the attention map based on the similarities between the query feature and all support features. The query feature aggregates the support features based on the attention values. To align the features of the query and support images in IAT, the shared cross-transformer keep all the projections in the module shared across all features. Instance cosine distance is used in training to minimize the distance between the query feature and the support features. In testing, to fuse the support features of the same class into the class representation, Euclidean (Cosine) Loss is used to calculate the query-class distances. Experiments on the two proposed few-shot SAR-ATR test sets based on MSTAR demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.

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Fry, Edward W. S., Sophie Triantaphillidou, Robin B. Jenkin, John R. Jarvis, and Ralph E. Jacobson. "Validation of Modulation Transfer Functions and Noise Power Spectra from Natural Scenes." Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 63, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 60406–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2019.63.6.060406.

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Abstract The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and the Noise Power Spectrum (NPS) characterize imaging system sharpness/resolution and noise, respectively. Both measures are based on linear system theory. However, they are applied routinely to scene-dependent systems applying non-linear, content-aware image signal processing. For such systems, MTFs/NPSs are derived inaccurately from traditional test charts containing edges, sinusoids, noise or uniform luminance signals, which are unrepresentative of natural scene signals. The dead leaves test chart delivers improved measurements from scene-dependent systems but still has its limitations. In this article, the authors validate novel scene-and-process-dependent MTF (SPD-MTF) and NPS (SPD-NPS) measures that characterize (i) system performance concerning one scene, (ii) average real-world performance concerning many scenes or (iii) the level of system scene dependency. The authors also derive novel SPD-NPS and SPD-MTF measures using the dead leaves chart. They demonstrate that the proposed measures are robust and preferable for scene-dependent systems to current measures.

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Johansson, Viktoria, Eva Norén Selinus, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Sebastian Lundström, Natalie Durbeej, Henrik Anckarsäter, Paul Lichtenstein, and Clara Hellner. "The Quantified Behavioral Test Failed to Differentiate ADHD in Adolescents With Neurodevelopmental Problems." Journal of Attention Disorders 25, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054718787034.

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Objective: The Quantified Behavioral Test (QbTest) is a computerized diagnostic test for ADHD, used in clinical psychiatric care, but its validity may be questioned. We analyzed the QbTest’s diagnostic validity and its relation to cognitive ability and psychosocial factors in an adolescent population with a high occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Method: In total, 340 participants aged 15 years, completed the QbTest, along with questionnaires, clinical and intelligence quotient (IQ) assessments. Results: The clinical assessment resulted in 89 (26%) participants with ADHD. Area under curve (AUC) scores indicated a random to poor validity of the QbTest (AUC range = 0.48-0.64). QbTest scores of inattention and impulsivity correlated with IQ. Conclusion: The QbTest was insufficient as a diagnostic test for ADHD, and was not able to differentiate ADHD from other neurodevelopmental conditions. Clinicians should be aware of the dubious discriminating power of the QbTest.

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Van Anh Duong, Dat, and Seokhoon Yoon. "SRMM: A Social Relationship-Aware Human Mobility Model." Electronics 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020221.

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Since human movement patterns are important for validating the performance of wireless networks, several traces of human movements in real life have been collected. However, collecting data about human movements is costly and time-consuming. Moreover, multiple traces are demanded to test various network scenarios. As a result, a lot of synthetic models of human movement have been proposed. Nevertheless, most of the proposed models were often based on random generation, and cannot produce realistic human movements. Although there have been a few models that tried to capture the characteristics of human movement in real life (e.g., flights, inter-contact times, and pause times following the truncated power-law distribution), those models still cannot reflect realistic human movements due to a lack of consideration for social context among people. To address those limitations, in this paper, we propose a novel human mobility model called the social relationship–aware human mobility model (SRMM), which considers social context as well as the characteristics of human movement. SRMM partitions people into social groups by exploiting information from a social graph. Then, the movements of people are determined by considering the distances to places and social relationships. The proposed model is first evaluated by using a synthetic map, and then a real road map is considered. The results of SRMM are compared with a real trace and other synthetic mobility models. The obtained results indicate that SRMM is consistently better at reflecting both human movement characteristics and social relationships.

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Et. al., Bosco Nirmala Priya,. "Cdep: Qos-Aware Crowd-Deduplication with Efficient Data Placement in Big Data Analytics." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 1285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1200.

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In current world, on account of tremendous enthusiasm for the big data extra space there is high odds of data duplication. Consequently, repetition makes issue by growing extra room in this manner stockpiling cost. Constant assessments have shown that moderate to high data excess obviously exists in fundamental stockpiling structures in the big data specialist. Our test thinks about uncover those data plenitude shows and a lot further degree of power on the I/O way than that on hovers because of for the most part high common access an area related with little I/O deals to dull data. Furthermore, direct applying data deduplication to fundamental stockpiling structures in the big data laborer will likely explanation space struggle in memory and data fragmentation on circles. We propose a genuine exhibition arranged I/O deduplication with cryptography, called CDEP (crowd deduplication with effective data placement), and rather than a limit situated I/O deduplication. This technique achieves data sections as the deduplication system develops. It is imperative to separate the data pieces in the deduplication structure and to fathom its features. Our test assessment utilizing authentic follows shows that contrasted and the progression based deduplication calculations, the copy end proportion and the understanding presentation (dormancy) can be both improved at the same time.

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South, David B., and Curtis L. VanderSchaaf. "Should forest regeneration studies have more replications?" REFORESTA, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/refor.3.03.27.

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When it comes to testing for differences in seedling survival, researchers sometimes make a Type II statistical error (i.e. failure to reject a false null hypothesis) due to the inherent variability associated with survival in tree planting studies. For example, in one trial (with five replications) first-year survival of seedlings planted in October (42%) was not significantly different (alpha = 0.05) from those planted in December (69%). Did planting in a dry October truly have no effect on survival? Authors who make a Type II error might not be aware that as seedling survival decreases (down to an overall average of 50% survival), statistical power declines. As a result, the ability to declare an 8% difference as “significant” is very difficult when survival averages 90% or less. We estimate that about half of regeneration trials (average survival of pines <90%) cannot declare a 12% difference as statistically significant (alpha = 0.05). When researchers realize their tree planting trials have low statistical power, they should consider using more replications. Other ways to increase power include: (1) use a one-tailed test (2) use a potentially more powerful contrast test (instead of an overall treatment F-test) and (3) conduct survival trials under a roof.

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Rotar, Raul, Sorin Liviu Jurj, Flavius Opritoiu, and Mircea Vladutiu. "Fault Coverage-Aware Metrics for Evaluating the Reliability Factor of Solar Tracking Systems." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041074.

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This paper presents a mathematical approach for determining the reliability of solar tracking systems based on three fault coverage-aware metrics which use system error data from hardware, software as well as in-circuit testing (ICT) techniques, to calculate a solar test factor (STF). Using Euler’s named constant, the solar reliability factor (SRF) is computed to define the robustness and availability of modern, high-performance solar tracking systems. The experimental cases which were run in the Mathcad software suite and the Python programming environment show that the fault coverage-aware metrics greatly change the test and reliability factor curve of solar tracking systems, achieving significantly reduced calculation steps and computation time.

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Tran, Minh-Quan, Ahmed S. Zamzam, Phuong H. Nguyen, and Guus Pemen. "Multi-Area Distribution System State Estimation Using Decentralized Physics-Aware Neural Networks." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 3025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113025.

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The development of active distribution grids requires more accurate and lower computational cost state estimation. In this paper, the authors investigate a decentralized learning-based distribution system state estimation (DSSE) approach for large distribution grids. The proposed approach decomposes the feeder-level DSSE into subarea-level estimation problems that can be solved independently. The proposed method is decentralized pruned physics-aware neural network (D-P2N2). The physical grid topology is used to parsimoniously design the connections between different hidden layers of the D-P2N2. Monte Carlo simulations based on one-year of load consumption data collected from smart meters for a three-phase distribution system power flow are developed to generate the measurement and voltage state data. The IEEE 123-node system is selected as the test network to benchmark the proposed algorithm against the classic weighted least squares and state-of-the-art learning-based DSSE approaches. Numerical results show that the D-P2N2 outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of estimation accuracy and computational efficiency.

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Kholidy, Hisham A., and Abdelkarim Erradi. "VHDRA: A Vertical and Horizontal Intelligent Dataset Reduction Approach for Cyber-Physical Power Aware Intrusion Detection Systems." Security and Communication Networks 2019 (June 17, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6816943.

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The Cypher Physical Power Systems (CPPS) became vital targets for intruders because of the large volume of high speed heterogeneous data provided from the Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS). The Nonnested Generalized Exemplars (NNGE) algorithm is one of the most accurate classification techniques that can work with such data of CPPS. However, NNGE algorithm tends to produce rules that test a large number of input features. This poses some problems for the large volume data and hinders the scalability of any detection system. In this paper, we introduce VHDRA, a Vertical and Horizontal Data Reduction Approach, to improve the classification accuracy and speed of the NNGE algorithm and reduce the computational resource consumption. VHDRA provides the following functionalities: (1) it vertically reduces the dataset features by selecting the most significant features and by reducing the NNGE’s hyperrectangles. (2) It horizontally reduces the size of data while preserving original key events and patterns within the datasets using an approach called STEM, State Tracking and Extraction Method. The experiments show that the overall performance of VHDRA using both the vertical and the horizontal reduction reduces the NNGE hyperrectangles by 29.06%, 37.34%, and 26.76% and improves the accuracy of the NNGE by 8.57%, 4.19%, and 3.78% using the Multi-, Binary, and Triple class datasets, respectively.

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LEE, BUM-SUK, JUNG AH LEE, HYUN CHOI, HAN RAM PAK, EUN JOO KIM, JAE HYUK BAE, SUNG MOON YOO, and HYOSUN KWEON. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE USABILITY SCALE FOR POWER WHEELCHAIRS AND ITS APPLICATION IN POWER WHEELCHAIRS USERS IN KOREA." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 20, no. 10 (December 2020): 2040031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021951942040031x.

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More of power wheelchair users’ needs have to be met in the making of power wheelchairs. However, there has been no usability scale for the power wheelchair that is specifically focusing on the users’ needs. The purpose of this study was to test and validate a usability scale for power wheelchairs (USPW). The USPW has been developed through interviews with power wheelchair and consultations with a panel of experts. The USPW consists of four evaluation categories (safety, operation, efficiency, and satisfaction). In order to validate it, its usability and the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction Assistive Technology (QUEST) were also administered to 50 power wheelchair users. The USPW was extracted 12 items from safety, 7 from operation, 5 from efficiency, and 14 from satisfaction, with a total of 38 items. The content validity met the criteria. The total internal consistency (Cronbach’s [Formula: see text]) of the USPW was 0.75. Users of power wheelchair demanded that the safety of moving on the slopes, the satisfaction of storage space for power wheelchairs, and the repair service process would be improved. The correlation between the USPW and the QUEST was significant ([Formula: see text]). The USPW may be very useful to evaluate overall usability of power wheelchair including its safety, operability, efficiency, and satisfaction. The developed usability scale (USPW) may help wheelchair makers become aware of the problems of present power wheelchairs and the users’ needs, allowing them to make better ones.

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Drakaki, Korina-Konstantina, Georgia-Konstantina Sakki, Ioannis Tsoukalas, Panagiotis Kossieris, and Andreas Efstratiadis. "Day-ahead energy production in small hydropower plants: uncertainty-aware forecasts through effective coupling of knowledge and data." Advances in Geosciences 56 (January 14, 2022): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-155-2022.

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Abstract. Motivated by the challenges induced by the so-called Target Model and the associated changes to the current structure of the energy market, we revisit the problem of day-ahead prediction of power production from Small Hydropower Plants (SHPPs) without storage capacity. Using as an example a typical run-of-river SHPP in Western Greece, we test alternative forecasting schemes (from regression-based to machine learning) that take advantage of different levels of information. In this respect, we investigate whether it is preferable to use as predictor the known energy production of previous days, or to predict the day-ahead inflows and next estimate the resulting energy production via simulation. Our analyses indicate that the second approach becomes clearly more advantageous when the expert's knowledge about the hydrological regime and the technical characteristics of the SHPP is incorporated within the model training procedure. Beyond these, we also focus on the predictive uncertainty that characterize such forecasts, with overarching objective to move beyond the standard, yet risky, point forecasting methods, providing a single expected value of power production. Finally, we discuss the use of the proposed forecasting procedure under uncertainty in the real-world electricity market.

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Pereira, Lucas A., Tomás T. Freitas, Bruno Pivetti, Pedro E. Alcaraz, Ian Jeffreys, and Irineu Loturco. "Short-Term Detraining Does Not Impair Strength, Speed, and Power Performance in Elite Young Soccer Players." Sports 8, no. 11 (October 25, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8110141.

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This study aimed to examine the effects of short-term detraining on the strength, speed, and jump capacities of under-20 soccer players. Twenty-four elite under-20 soccer players from the same professional club were assessed pre and post 26 days of detraining. The measurements were performed in the following order: countermovement jump (CMJ); 10 m linear sprint velocity; and one-repetition maximum test (1RM) in the horizontal leg-press exercise. To analyze the differences between pre- and post-tests, a paired T-test was applied. The significance level was set as p < 0.05. Soccer players exhibited a significant increase in CMJ performance (p = 0.02) and no significant differences in 10 m sprint velocity and 1RM leg-press were found after the short-term training cessation (p = 0.61; p = 0.55, respectively). We demonstrated that a short-term detraining period was capable of promoting a significant increase in the vertical jump height without inducing negative effects on the strength and speed capabilities of elite under-20 soccer players. Practitioners and sport scientists should be aware of these findings to program more effective training strategies at the beginning of the subsequent training cycle.

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Fry, Edward W. S., Sophie Triantaphillidou, Robin B. Jenkin, Ralph E. Jacobson, and John R. Jarvis. "Noise Power Spectrum Scene-Dependency in Simulated Image Capture Systems." Electronic Imaging 2020, no. 9 (January 26, 2020): 345–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.9.iqsp-345.

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The Noise Power Spectrum (NPS) is a standard measure for image capture system noise. It is derived traditionally from captured uniform luminance patches that are unrepresentative of pictorial scene signals. Many contemporary capture systems apply nonlinear content-aware signal processing, which renders their noise scene-dependent. For scene-dependent systems, measuring the NPS with respect to uniform patch signals fails to characterize with accuracy: i) system noise concerning a given input scene, ii) the average system noise power in real-world applications. The sceneand- process-dependent NPS (SPD-NPS) framework addresses these limitations by measuring temporally varying system noise with respect to any given input signal. In this paper, we examine the scene-dependency of simulated camera pipelines in-depth by deriving SPD-NPSs from fifty test scenes. The pipelines apply either linear or non-linear denoising and sharpening, tuned to optimize output image quality at various opacity levels and exposures. Further, we present the integrated area under the mean of SPD-NPS curves over a representative scene set as an objective system noise metric, and their relative standard deviation area (RSDA) as a metric for system noise scene-dependency. We close by discussing how these metrics can also be computed using scene-and-processdependent Modulation Transfer Functions (SPD-MTF).

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Hertzog, Melody. "Trends in Mediation Analysis in Nursing Research: Improving Current Practice." Western Journal of Nursing Research 40, no. 6 (January 12, 2017): 907–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945916687782.

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The purpose of this study was to describe common approaches used by nursing researchers to test mediation models and evaluate them within the context of current methodological advances. MEDLINE was used to locate studies testing a mediation model and published from 2004 to 2015 in nursing journals. Design (experimental/correlation, cross-sectional/longitudinal, model complexity) and analysis (method, inclusion of test of mediated effect, violations/discussion of assumptions, sample size/power) characteristics were coded for 456 studies. General trends were identified using descriptive statistics. Consistent with findings of reviews in other disciplines, evidence was found that nursing researchers may not be aware of the strong assumptions and serious limitations of their analyses. Suggestions for strengthening the rigor of such studies and an overview of current methods for testing more complex models, including longitudinal mediation processes, are presented.

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Almalaq, Abdulaziz, Saleh Albadran, and Mohamed A. Mohamed. "Deep Machine Learning Model-Based Cyber-Attacks Detection in Smart Power Systems." Mathematics 10, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 2574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10152574.

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Modern intelligent energy grids enable energy supply and consumption to be efficiently managed while simultaneously avoiding a variety of security risks. System disturbances can be caused by both naturally occurring and human-made events. Operators should be aware of the different kinds and causes of disturbances in the energy systems to make informed decisions and respond accordingly. This study addresses this problem by proposing an attack detection model on the basis of deep learning for energy systems, which could be trained utilizing data and logs gathered through phasor measurement units (PMUs). Property or specification making is used to create features, and data are sent to various machine learning methods, of which random forest has been selected as the basic classifier of AdaBoost. Open-source simulated energy system data are used to test the model containing 37 energy system event case studies. In the end, the suggested model has been compared with other layouts according to various assessment metrics. The simulation outcomes showed that this model achieves a detection rate of 93.6% and an accuracy rate of 93.91%, which is greater compared to the existing methods.

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Ul Mehmood, Mussawir, Abasin Ulasyar, Abraiz Khattak, Kashif Imran, Haris Sheh Zad, and Shibli Nisar. "Cloud Based IoT Solution for Fault Detection and Localization in Power Distribution Systems." Energies 13, no. 11 (May 26, 2020): 2686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112686.

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Power restoring time in power distribution systems (PDS) can be minimized by using efficient fault localization techniques. This paper proposes a novel, robust and scalable cloud based internet of things (IoT) solution for identification and localization of faults in PDS. For this purpose, a new algorithm is developed that can detect single and multiple simultaneous faults in the presence of single and multiple device or sensor failures. The algorithm has utilized a zone based approach that divides a PDS into different zones. A current sensing device (CSD) was deployed at the boundary of a zone. The function of CSD is to provide time synchronized current measurements and communicate with a cloud server through an edge device (ED). Another contribution of this research work is the unique implementation of context aware policy (CAP) in ED. Due to CAP, only those measurements are transmitted to cloud server that differ from the previously transmitted measurements. The cloud server performed calculations at regular intervals to detect faults in PDS. A relational database model was utilized to log various fault events that occur in PDS. An IEEE 37 node test feeder was selected as PDS to observe the performance of our solution. Two test cases were designed to simulate individual and multiple simultaneous faults in PDS. A third test case was implemented to demonstrate the robustness and scalability of proposed solution to detect multiple simultaneous faults in PDS when single and multiple sensor failures were encountered. It was observed that the new algorithm successfully localized the faults for all the three cases. Consequently, significant reductions were noticed in the amount of data that was sent to the cloud server. In the end, a comparison study of a proposed solution was performed with existing methods to further highlight the benefits of our technique.

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Rezaei, Mehdi, and Hadi Salehi. "Relationship between Intercultural Communicative Competence and L2 Learning: Iranian EFL Learners’ Motivation and Achievement." Journal of Practical Studies in Education 3, no. 5 (August 17, 2022): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jpse.v3i5.54.

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This study aimed to scrutinize the measurement of ICC and then investigate the relationship between Iranian L2 learners and their L2 learning motivation, and achievement on the one hand, and the difference between ICC and motivation of EFL learners, on the other. To do this, the participants included 60 B.A. Translation and 60 B.A. non-Translation students in universities in Iran. A test battery including the final version of the ICC questionnaire and an L2-learning motivation questionnaire adapted from Gardner’s attitude/motivation test battery was then administered to a random selection of both English and non-English students. The correlation results showed that there was not a significant relationship between L2 learners’ ICC and L2-learning motivation. In the meantime, t-test results depicted that there was not a significant difference between English and non-English Iranian EFL learners. The correlations results showed that there was a significant relationship between ICC and achievement of English students. This study can convince the learners to become aware of the significance of ICC and the effect of teaching English on developing this competence.

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Pastor, Robert A., and Qingshan Tan. "The Meaning of China's Village Elections." China Quarterly 162 (June 2000): 490–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000008225.

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Direct elections for village leaders have been conducted in China since 1988, but they remain little known or casually dismissed by urban Chinese and the international community. Those who are aware of China's village elections have sharply divergent views as to their genuineness or effectiveness. Some are sceptical that the Chinese Communist Party would ever permit a competitive election that could threaten its grip on power. Others see the elections as a first stage in the building of democracy in China. In many ways, village elections are a kind of Rorschach test, an ambiguous drawing that is interpreted by people according to their predisposition towards China rather than the quality of the elections.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Power Aware Test'

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