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1
Nugraha, Adi, and Felycia Felycia. "Optimizing Energy-Efficient Home Electrical Systems through Capacitor Integration to Improve Future Energy Efficiency." Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence 1, no. 2 (2024): 85–96. https://doi.org/10.17509/jmai.v1i2.76571.
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This research discusses the optimization of energy-efficient home electrical systems through the integration of capacitors to improve future energy efficiency. The main objective is to analyze the impact of installing power capacitors in parallel with electrical loads such as fans, refrigerators, and computers to improve power factor and reduce energy consumption. An experimental approach is used, installing capacitors with different values (2μF, 6μF, 8μF) on the test loads and measuring parameters such as voltage, current, power factor, and active power. The results show that the installation of optimal capacitors (e.g., 2μF for fans, 8μF for refrigerators) significantly improves the power factor, from around 0.55-0.61 without capacitors to near unity with capacitors. This power factor improvement reduces the current flowing through the system, leading to lower active power losses and increased energy efficiency. For example, the fan current is reduced from 0.197A to 0.109A with a 2μF capacitor. The active power consumption also decreased for some loads, such as fans experiencing a 4.8% reduction, indicating energy savings. The capacitor integration provides economic benefits through reduced electricity costs and environmental benefits by lowering carbon emissions from reduced electricity generation. The key is to carefully select the right capacitor size to avoid over-compensation, requiring an analysis of the reactive power requirements for each load
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Winters, Jeffrey. "Power Points." Mechanical Engineering 129, no. 08 (2007): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2007-aug-1.
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This article discusses various aspects of nanoscale materials that are seen to revolutionize energy storage. Teams of researchers working around the globe are finding that as the materials in batteries and capacitors become more finely engineered, they increase their energy storage capabilities. Within a decade, nanomaterial-based batteries and capacitors could find themselves not just in power tools and cell phones, but in uninterruptible power supplies, electric vehicles, and even the electric grid, to help handle wind and solar energy. The new lithium-ion battery relies on nanoparticles in its electrolyte to provide greater energy density and longer cycle life than conventional batteries. As batteries are playing such a prominent role, researchers are working hard to improve them, eliminating such headaches as recharge memory and packing more energy into each cubic inch. Studies show that distributed electricity generation from solar panels or combined heat and power systems could be backed up with a refrigerator-size capacitor unit that could store excess energy. The promise of nanotechnology-enhanced energy storage is enough to make anyone see a limitless future. A123’s Fulop cautions that nano-based storage systems ought to be looked at with optimism tempered by caution.
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Liao, Yi-Hung, and Yen-Lun Lin. "An Improved Down-Scale Evaluation System for Capacitors Utilized in High-Power Three-Phase Inverters under Balanced and Unbalanced Load Conditions." Energies 15, no. 19 (2022): 6937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196937.
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The DC-link capacitors in an electronic power system are the main constraint of the power density and lifespan of the power converters. Evaluating the load life of capacitors working in severely adverse circumstances plays an important role in the design stages of the next-generation power converters. In this article, an improved evaluation system for the capacitors utilized in high-power three-phase voltage source inverters is proposed. The purpose of this article is to reproduce the same encountered stresses when a DC-link capacitor is used in a high-power inverter with pulse-width modulation. Hence, an improved down-scale evaluation system for the DC-link capacitors used in high-power three-phase inverter systems under balanced and unbalanced load conditions is proposed. Moreover, AC and DC analyses in the proposed evaluation system are conducted. The equivalent circuit and transfer functions are derived to verify the proposed evaluation system. Finally, a prototype system is constructed to facilitate the theoretical results as the verification.
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., Yusmartato, Zulfadli Pelawi, Ramayulis ., et al. "Analysis of Stability Improvements by Using Capacitors." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.13 (2018): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.13.16920.
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The demand for electricity has increased substantially while the expansion of electricity generation, power transmission is very limited, due to environmental restrictions, consequently some transmission lines, limiting power factor. Power flow in the generation system, covering the area of North Sumatra and Aceh which is managed by PT. PLN (Persero), ETAP 4.0 (Electrical Transient Analizer Program) is a program that can display GUI (Graphical User Interface) with unlimited bus number, ETAP 4.0 is useful for Power flow study. The data required by ETAP 4.0 on a generation system is a one-line diagram, nominal kV, and generator, bus, transformer, transmission, and safety rating. The power flow approach method used is the Newton-Raphson method with maximum iteration of 99 and the accuracy of 0.000001. The problem of power flows under consideration is the normal state system, one transmission is disconnected, one of the plants is not operating. The results of the power flow study for each problem obtained the lowest bus voltage, the highest losses in the transmis. The largest power distributed in power plants, new in high voltage transmission, increases the power of power from power to load, changes in voltage problems and improves system stability. This paper aims to verify the capacitor's ability to improve voltage regulation (voltage stability) in electric power transmission systems, from this capacitor simulated using ETAP 4.0 included in Newton-Raphson model.
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Salkuti, Surender Reddy. "Optimal Location and Sizing of Shunt Capacitors with Distributed Generation in Distribution Systems." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 19, no. 1 (2021): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2021191.222295.
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This paper proposes a novel approach to determine an optimal location and sizing of shunt capacitors for reactive power compensation in distribution systems with distributed generation. Here, the optimal location for installing the shunt capacitors is determined using the loss sensitivity factor approach. The stochastic nature of distributed generation (i.e., wind and solar PV powers) has been considered in this paper. Optimal sizing of shunt capacitors has been determined by considering the power loss minimization as objective function and this problem is solved using the differential evolution algorithm (DEA). The results obtained with DEA are also compared with genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. The effectiveness of this proposed approach has been simulated on the IEEE 15, 33, 69 and 85 bus test systems.
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Leghari, Zohaib Hussain, Mohammad Yusri Hassan, Dalila Mat Said, et al. "Effective Utilization of Distributed Power Sources under Power Mismatch Conditions in Islanded Distribution Networks." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062659.
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The integration of distributed generation (DG) into a power distribution network allows the establishment of a microgrid (MG) system when the main grid experiences a malfunction or is undergoing maintenance. In this case, the power-generating capacity of distributed generators may be less than the load demand. This study presents a strategy for the effective utilization of deployed active and reactive power sources under power mismatch conditions in the islanded distribution networks. Initially, the DGs’ and capacitors’ optimal placement and capacity were identified using the Jaya algorithm (JA) with the aim to reduce power losses in the grid-connected mode. Later, the DG and capacitor combination’s optimal power factor was determined to withstand the islanded distribution network’s highest possible power demand in the event of a power mismatch. To assess the optimal value of the DG–capacitor pair’s operating power factor (pfsource) for the islanded operation, an analytical approach has been proposed that determines the best trade-off between power losses and the under-utilization of accessible generation. The test results on 33-bus and 69-bus IEEE distribution networks demonstrate that holding the islanded network’s load power factor (pfload) equal to pfsource during the power imbalance conditions allows the installed distributed sources to effectively operate at full capacity. As expected, the proposed strategy will assist the utility companies in designing efficient energy management or load shedding schemes to effectively cope with the power mismatch conditions.
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Khandare, Prof J. R. "Advanced Footstep Power Generation using RFIDs." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 1 (2025): 1885–87. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.66670.
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In today's world, the demand for renewable energy is ever-increasing. Footstep power generation offers a sustainable and innovative approach to energy harvesting. By leveraging piezoelectric technology and integrating RFID modules, this system aims to generate electrical power efficiently and enable user identification for personalized energy contribution tracking. The energy harvested is stored in batteries or super capacitors and can be used for various applications, such as lighting, IoT systems, and smart infrastructure in urban areas.
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El Khlifi, Younes, Abdelmounime El Magri, Adil Mansouri, and Rachid Lajouad. "Enhanced low voltage ride-through control of multilevel flying capacitor inverter based wind generation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 33, no. 2 (2024): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v33.i2.pp854-861.
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This paper introduces a cost-effective control method to enhance the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability and smooth the output power of a three-phase multilevel flying capacitor inverter (FCI) in wind turbine-based permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The proposed approach utilizes the energy storage capability of flying capacitors to mitigate wind power fluctuations and address short-duration outages and deep voltage sags. Additionally, a nonlinear controller based Lyapunov theory is developed to regulate capacitor voltages, improve power factors, and balance DC-link voltage. Numerical simulations are conducted in MATLAB/SimPower systems environment to validate the effectiveness of this comprehensive control strategy across different grid operation scenarios.
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Khlifi, Younes El, Abdelmounime El Magri, Adil Mansouri, and Rachid Lajouad. "Enhanced low voltage ride-through control of multilevel flying capacitor inverter based wind generation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 33, no. 2 (2024): 854–61. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v33.i2.pp854-861.
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This paper introduces a cost-effective control method to enhance the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability and smooth the output power of a three-phase multilevel flying capacitor inverter (FCI) in wind turbine-based permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The proposed approach utilizes the energy storage capability of flying capacitors to mitigate wind power fluctuations and address short-duration outages and deep voltage sags. Additionally, a nonlinear controller based Lyapunov theory is developed to regulate capacitor voltages, improve power factors, and balance DC-link voltage. Numerical simulations are conducted in MATLAB/SimPower systems environment to validate the effectiveness of this comprehensive control strategy across different grid operation scenarios.
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Zhao, Kuo, Yi Bin Zhang, and Bo Yu. "The Series and Parallel Energy Storage System Based on Super Capacitors." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 2820–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.2820.
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The series and parallel energy storage system based on super capacitors can quickly adjust a wide range of active and reactive power in two directions, which is a new way to improve the stability and power quality of new energy power generation system. In this paper, double converters structure is used to achieve the series and parallel compensation effect and their control strategies according to Instantaneous Power Theory. It is simulated in PSCAD that series and parallel energy storage system of super capacitor contribute to the impact on wind turbines power as environment conditions change. Simulation results show that the energy storage system can greatly improve the stability and power quality of grid-connected wind turbines.
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Kien, Le Chi, Chiem Trong Hien, and Thang Trung Nguyen. "Optimal Reactive Power Generation for Transmission Power Systems Considering Discrete Values of Capacitors and Tap Changers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125378.
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In this paper, an improved coyote optimization algorithm (ICOA) is developed for determining control parameters of transmission power networks to deal with an optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem. The performance of ICOA method is superior to its conventional coyote optimization algorithm (COA) thanks to modifications of two new solution generations of COA. COA uses a center solution to generate an update step size in the first solution generation and produced one new solution by using random factors to diversify the search space in the second solution generation. By tackling the drawbacks of COA, ICOA can reduce control parameters and computation steps, shorten execution time, and provide better results. ICOA is compared to its conventional COA for three standard IEEE systems of 30-, 57-, and 118-buses with continuous and discrete control variables. Moreover, three other algorithms such as water cycle algorithm (WCA), salp swarm algorithm (SSA), and sunflower optimization algorithm (SFOA) have been also implemented for further investigation of the real performance of the proposed method. All the applied methods are metaheuristic algorithms based on population and randomization. The result comparison from the test systems has indicated that ICOA can provide higher solution quality than other methods with reasonable execution time. Therefore, ICOA is a reliable tool for finding optimal solutions of the ORPD problem.
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Van-Y Pham, Nang-Van Pham,. "Influence of Load Models and DG Operational Power Factor on Optimization of Shunt Capacitor Placement in Distribution Grids Considering Voltage Stability." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 2 (2024): 1484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.1452.
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The paper proposes a mathematical model of mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) to optimize the location and size of shunt capacitors in power distribution grids with distributed generation (DG), considering voltage stability constraints. At the same time, the paper also analyzes the influence of the load models, such as voltage-dependence load (ZIP load) and constant power load, together with DG’s operating power factor on the optimal solution. The objective function of the proposed optimization formulation is minimizing the total expenses, including the capital investment of capacitors and the expense incurred by network energy loss. This MINLP model includes constraints in the current and critical loading conditions, such as the system of power flow equations, nodal voltage limits, branch thermal limits, capacitor-related constraints, and restrictions of minimum security level. The proposed optimization model was evaluated on a modified IEEE 33-node distribution grid using the KNITRO commercial solver with the GAMS programming language. The calculation results show that the voltage stability constraints, load models, and operational power factor of the DG units have an essential influence on the optimal position and capacity of the shunt capacitors.
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Fang, Xiaomin, and Xiaolu Li. "Design and simulation of hybrid thermal energy storage control for photovoltaic fuel cells." Thermal Science 27, no. 2 Part A (2023): 1031–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2302031f.
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In order to meet the demand of stable and continuous household electricity con?sumption, the author proposes the modelling and simulation of photovoltaic fuel cell hybrid power generation system. The system is composed of photovoltaic power generation device, fuel cell/super capacitor, electrolytic cell, hydrogen storage device and power regulation unit. As photovoltaic power generation is affected by sunshine changes, the combination of fuel cells and super capacitors with photo?voltaic devices can ensure the stability and reliability of power supply of hybrid power generation system. Taking sunshine intensity and household electricity consumption in a certain area as an example, the system is simulated in MATLAB/SIM?ULINK software. The results show that: At 08:30-17:00, the output power of the fuel cell is almost zero. This is because the electric energy output by the photovoltaic power generation system can basically meet the power demand of users during this period. At 00:00-6:00 and 18:30-24:00, the sunlight intensity is zero, and the power output of the photovoltaic power generation system is zero, at this time, the user?s electricity is completely supplied by the fuel cell. The investment cost of 1 kW fuel cell is about 45258.4 yuan, and that of 1 kW ordinary battery is about 15200 yuan, the investment cost of fuel cell is still high. In conclusion, the hybrid power generation system can meet the demand of ordinary household electricity.
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Gurav, Abhijit, John Bultitude, John McConnell, and Reggie Phillips. "Robust Reliability of Ceramic Capacitors for Power Electronics." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2018, HiTEC (2018): 000138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491-2018-hiten-000138.
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Abstract For applications using Wide Band Gap (WBG) semiconductors, and for electronics for down-hole drilling, oil exploration, geothermal energy generation and power electronics, there is a growing need for capacitors that have robust reliability at temperatures of 125°C, 150°C or above. The development of more energy efficient power converters and inverters based on WBG semiconductors is driving the adoption of higher temperatures in a growing number of power electronics and automotive circuits since these operate at higher junction temperatures than traditional silicon. This has led to a growing need for high temperature capacitors with robust reliability. A Class-I C0G dielectric has been developed using Nickel electrodes for high temperature application up to 200°C and beyond. Since it is a paraelectric linear dielectric, these capacitors exhibit highly stable capacitance as a function of temperature and voltage, possess low loss (DF) and can conduct high RMS currents with a low temperature rise compared to other capacitor solutions. To maximize the capacitance density and achieve a high degree of mechanical robustness, stacks and leaded form factors are commonly needed. Materials for assembly of stacks are of interest due to the challenge of higher cost of attachment materials based on gold-solders or nano-silver pastes, as well as due to the presence of lead (Pb) in common high melting point (HMP) solders. This paper will report electrical properties and reliability test data on these Class-I C0G ceramic capacitors and stacks at high temperatures. It will also review thermal robustness and electrical characteristics of stacks assembled using Pb-free transient liquid phase sintering (TLPS) materials based on Sn-Cu and In-Ag.
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Li, Tianyu, Shengyu Tao, Ruixiang Zhang, et al. "Reliability Evaluation of Photovoltaic System Considering Inverter Thermal Characteristics." Electronics 10, no. 15 (2021): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151763.
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The reliable operation of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems is related to the security and stability of the power grid and is the focus of current research. At present, the reliability evaluation of PV power generation systems is mostly calculated by applying the standard failure rate of each component, ignoring the impact of thermal environment changes on the failure rate. This paper will use the fault tree theory to establish the reliability assessment method of PV power plants, model the PV power plants working in the variable environment through the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system, and analyze the influence of the thermal characteristics of the inverter’s key components on the reliability of the PV power plant. Studies have shown that the overall reliability of bus capacitors, inverters, and PV power plants is reduced by 18.4%, 30%, and 18.7%, respectively, compared to when the thermal characteristics of bus capacitors are not considered. It can be seen that thermal attenuation has a great influence on the reliability of the PV power generation system.
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Köymen, Itır, Konstantinos N. Glaros, and Emmanuel M. Drakakis. "Class A and Class AB CMOS-Only Nanopower Memristive Dynamics Emulators." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 26, no. 08 (2016): 1650127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127416501273.
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Memristive dynamics are generated utilizing active, weak-inversion, CMOS circuits. Class A and Class AB approaches to the generation of these dynamics are presented. The Class A circuit is composed of a grounded capacitor and two exponential transconductors (E-cells). It consumes a few nanowatts of power from a 1V power supply. The Class AB circuit also consists of a similar architecture with an added geometric mean splitter. Simulation results confirm the realization of pinched hysteresis loops exhibiting the zero crossing property of the memristor. The effects of varying input amplitude and frequency as well as the capacitor value are investigated. With the use of MOS capacitors in the place of monolithic capacitors, the area requirements of these emulators can be significantly diminished. Simulation results of circuits with both types of capacitors are presented. The simple emulators presented here offer the possibility of realizing nanoscale memristor dynamics when high yield memristor processes are not accessible.
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Thangavel, Ranjith, Rubha Ponraj, Aravindaraj G. Kannan, et al. "High performance organic sodium-ion hybrid capacitors based on nano-structured disodium rhodizonate rivaling inorganic hybrid capacitors." Green Chemistry 20, no. 21 (2018): 4920–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc01987h.
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Badr, Ahmed O., Abdulsalam A. Aloukili, Metwally A. El-Sharkawy, Mariam A. Sameh, and Mahmoud A. Attia. "Compensation of Distributed Generations Outage Using Controlled Switched Capacitors." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (2022): 16094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316094.
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Researchers recently came up with innovative ways to generate enough electricity to meet the rising demand through establishing an electricity distribution system and enhancing power quality on the customer side. One of these innovative ways is the installation of distributed generation (DG). DG is widely used in modern networks due to its great benefits of improving the voltage profile and the system’s power quality. Additionally, DGs are ideally placed near the end user in distribution systems to improve the system’s performance while minimizing power losses and enhancing voltage profile in the grid. DG recently grew in importance, and its penetration increased in most distribution systems. Due to the spreading of DG in the power system, the dynamic performance of the system is affected. This paper studies the system’s performance and behavior under condition of DG outage from the system. The model of DGs in this study assumes two cases of the power provided to the network; the first case considered DG units injecting active power only to the grid (unity power factor). In the second case, DG injects both active and reactive power to the system. After that, outage of DG units is fixed by injecting a reactive power source using a capacitor with a controlled switch to compensate the outage of DGs from the distribution system and to reduce the outage’s negative effect on the network. The sizing of capacitors is optimized using a harmony search algorithm (HSA) in the same location of the DG units.
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Kien, Le Chi, Thuan Thanh Nguyen, Bach Hoang Dinh, and Thang Trung Nguyen. "Optimal Reactive Power Generation for Radial Distribution Systems Using a Highly Effective Proposed Algorithm." Complexity 2021 (February 2, 2021): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2486531.
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In this paper, a proposed modified stochastic fractal search algorithm (MSFS) is applied to find the most appropriate site and size of capacitor banks for distribution systems with 33, 69, and 85 buses. Two single-objective functions are considered to be reduction of power loss and reduction of total cost of energy loss and capacitor investment while satisfying limit of capacitors, limit of conductor, and power balance of the systems. MSFS was developed by performing three new mechanisms including new diffusion mechanism and two new update mechanisms on the conventional stochastic fractal search algorithm (SFS). As a result, MSFS can reduce 0.002%, 0.003%, and 0.18% of the total power loss from SFS for the three study systems. As compared to other methods, MSFS can reduce power loss from 0.07% to 3.98% for the first system, from 3.7% to 7.3% for the second system, and from 0.92% to 6.98% for the third system. For the reduction of total cost, the improvement level of the proposed method over SFS and two other methods is more significant. It is 0.03%, 1.22%, and 5.76% for the second system and 2.31%, 0.87%, and 3.77% for the third system. It is emphasized that the proposed method can find the global optimal solutions for all study cases while SFS was still implementing search process nearby or far away from the solutions. Furthermore, MSFS can converge to the best solutions much faster than these compared methods. Consequently, it can be concluded that the proposed method is very effective for finding the best location and size of added capacitors in distribution power systems.
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Mohanty, Alok Kumar, and K. B. Yadav. "Performance Characteristics of Six-Phase Induction Generator for Renewable Power Generation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 2 (2017): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v5.i2.pp299-308.
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<p>This paper presents the performance behavior of a multi-phase induction generator operating in six-phase mode. An experimental analysis has been done to determine operating characteristics of the six-phase machine to illustrate the advantageous features of the machine as compared to its three phase counterpart. The machine is configured to operate as a standalone power source in conjunction with a DC prime mover. The multi-phase machine can operate with one three phase capacitor bank which does not lead to complete shutdown of the system during fault conditions across one of its two sets of its stator windings. In the analysis the machine is connected to different capacitor configuration and the influence of these connections on the machine performance during no load and load have been implemented. Experimental results include voltage build up of the machine with different excitation capacitors at both sets of stator windings with changing speed during no load condition, resistive load condition and resistive inductive load condition with simple shunt and short shunt configuration.</p>
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Bridger, K., A. Cooke, D. Kohlhafer, et al. "High-Temperature, High-Power Performance of Ceramic Filter Capacitors." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, HITEN (2011): 000027–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hiten-paper5-kbridger.
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Power conversion electronics in military vehicles and aircraft are currently experiencing high temperatures and future generations will see these temperatures rise even higher. The high temperatures arise not only from the environment but also from high power dissipation in the components themselves. Capacitors can occupy almost 50% of the real estate in some power converters and these capacitors are subjected to very high currents at high frequencies in dc-dc converters or 60-Hz 120 VAC in the output stage of an inverter. Dissipation resulting from the high power levels can lead to internal capacitor temperatures at least 50°C above their ambient and so for military hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) capacitors are expected to reach at least 150°C and possibly 200°C, while future aircraft component temperatures are expected to exceed 250°C. A new family of high-temperature dielectrics based on sodium bismuth titanate has been developed by these authors and capacitors are now available from Novacap under the trade name “Type H” or “Type HA”. This paper examines the high-frequency, high-current and 60-Hz, 120-VAC performance of these capacitors including an estimate of internal heating. The primary operating temperature range studied is −40 to +150°C, although some higher temperature data are also presented.
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Hou, Yixuan. "Novel five-level inverter based on DC power-capacitor series charge-discharge switching strategy." Applied and Computational Engineering 78, no. 1 (2024): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/78/20240452.
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Photovoltaic power generation systems generally include four modules: solar cells, batteries, inverters and controllers. Among them, the inverter converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic array into a power conversion device that meets the grid-connected requirements for industrial frequency alternating current, which is the key equipment for grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system. Most multilevel inverters in the market today are based on the Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) structure to generate voltages at different levels, and then control the magnitude and direction of the voltages through H-bridge circuits. This topology has been maturely used in three-level inverters, but if we want to build five-level, seven-level and more level numbers of inverters based on NPC, the number of capacitors used is increasing, and the circuit becomes more and more complex. Therefore, this paper proposes a five-level inverter topology based on single power supply-single capacitor series charging and discharging. (Power-capacitor series charge-discharge switching, PCSCDS). This inverter has a simple structure, comprehensible control strategy and requires only one DC power supply and one large capacitor to generate a five-level voltage. The topology is subsequently simulated and analyzed by MATLAB/Simulink simulation, which proves the effectiveness of the novel inverter.
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Xia, Shiwei, Qian Zhang, S. T. Hussain, Baodi Hong, and Weiwei Zou. "Impacts of Integration of Wind Farms on Power System Transient Stability." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (2018): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081289.
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To compensate for the ever-growing energy gap, renewable resources have undergone fast expansions worldwide in recent years, but they also result in some challenges for power system operation such as the static security and transient stability issues. In particular, as wind power generation accounts for a large share of these renewable energy and reduces the inertia of a power network, the transient stability of power systems with high-level wind generation is decreased and has attracted wide attention recently. Effectively analyzing and evaluating the impact of wind generation on power transient stability is indispensable to improve power system operation security level. In this paper, a Doubly Fed Induction Generator with a two-lumped mass wind turbine model is presented firstly to analyze impacts of wind power generation on power system transient stability. Although the influence of wind power generation on transient stability has been comprehensively studied, many other key factors such as the locations of wind farms and the wind speed driving the wind turbine are also investigated in detail. Furthermore, how to improve the transient stability by installing capacitors is also demonstrated in the paper. The IEEE 14-bus system is used to conduct these investigations by using the Power System Analysis Tool, and the time domain simulation results show that: (1) By increasing the capacity of wind farms, the system instability increases; (2) The wind farm location and wind speed can affect power system transient stability; (3) Installing capacitors will effectively improve system transient stability.
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Jiao, Runhai, Bo Li, Yuancheng Li, and Lingzhi Zhu. "An Enhanced Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Algorithm for Reactive Power Optimization considering Distributed Generation Penetration." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/342080.
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This paper puts forward a novel particle swarm optimization algorithm with quantum behavior (QPSO) to solve reactive power optimization in power system with distributed generation. Moreover, differential evolution (DE) operators are applied to enhance the algorithm (DQPSO). This paper focuses on the minimization of active power loss, respectively, and uses QPSO and DQPSO to determine terminal voltage of generators, and ratio of transformers, switching group number of capacitors to achieve optimal reactive power flow. The proposed algorithms are validated through three IEEE standard examples. Comparing the results obtained from QPSO and DQPSO with those obtained from PSO, we find that our algorithms are more likely to get the global optimal solution and have a better convergence. What is more, DQPSO is better than QPSO. Furthermore, with the integration of distributed generation, active power loss has decreased significantly. Specifically, PV distributed generations can suppress voltage fluctuation better than PQ distributed generations.
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Averbukh, A. M., B. S. Rajput, C. I. Amiel, and D. Z. Danin. "Reactive Power Compensation for Preventing Voltage Instabilities in Distribution Lines Enriched with PV Power Plants." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.344.
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The efficient voltage regulation method by capacitive reactive power usage is represented in the article. The stochastic electricity generation of multiple PV stations placed in local distribution lines induces voltage instabilities. These voltage fluctuations may overcome the allowable limits and cause technical problems and economic losses. The method of applying reactive power generated by a capacitor bank at the load is proposed. Primarily, a strict analytical solution of nonlinear equations describing voltage deviations in the distribution line connected with photovoltaic systems was obtained. The control system can fast select optimal capacitors based on the analytical solution and then connect them smoothly to a load. The developed experimental setup verified and approved the correctness and accuracy of theoretical analysis. Experimental measurements confirmed the proposed method’s ability to improve voltage stability in distribution grids. The proposed method is supposed to be used together with the transformer tap-changers in electrical substations. The capacitive power is applied in a time of inappropriate voltage deviations only and is disconnected as the tapchanger corrected the transformation ratio.
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Syukri, Mahdi. "Analysis of using capacitors in 3-phase induction generators to get constant voltage." Jurnal Geuthèë: Penelitian Multidisiplin 6, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.52626/jg.v6i1.208.
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Induction machine is one of the machines that can be applied as an alternative power plant and also as a new renewable energy system. Giving reactive power at the terminal in the form of a capacitor, the induction machine can be used as an induction generator. Reactive power is also needed as a voltage generation process. Because one of the weaknesses of the induction generator is that the voltage generated is very fluctuating when the load being served changes. To overcome this, several capacitors with different values are used. Identify the value of the voltage generated by the induction generator when loading occurs by setting the required capacitor value. Setting the capacitor value is done by using a simulation of the simulink circuit in the MATLAB software. Based on the simulation of loading an induction generator of 6800 watt – 7500 watt different capacitor values are needed starting from 112 uF - 140 uF and to get a constant voltage value.
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Astrid, Erita, Muhammad Dani Solihin, Rosma Siregar, and Eka Dodi Suryanto. "Pengaruh Integrasi Pembangkit Fotovoltaik (PV) terhadap Alokasi Kapasitor yang Optimal pada Jaringan Distribusi Energi Listrik." Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Elektro 5, no. 2 (2024): 481–88. https://doi.org/10.24036/jpte.v5i2.545.
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Recent advances in renewable energy as well as changes in infrastructure and government regulations have driven the increasing use of distributed solar/photovoltaic power generation (PV) in the electricity distribution network. The integration of PV as one of the active power supply sources if not accompanied by reactive power compensation will cause increased power losses in the system and increase the risk of voltage instability. Therefore, along with the intensive use of PV, planning the allocation of capacitors as reactive power compensators is very necessary. This work examines the optimization of capacitor allocation and sizing by the Genetic Algorithm (GA) method, accounting for the uncertainties in photovoltaic output fluctuations. he emergence of uncertainty parameters in the problem formulation makes the analysis of power flow in the system must be carried out with a probabilistic technique. The outcomes of the power flow analysis, specifically the power losses within the system, will serve as the objective function for the optimization process where the purpose of this optimization is to minimize the resulting power losses. The proposed optimization is simulated on the IEEE 34 bus radial distribution system using Matlab. The results showed a reduction in losses of 53.18%, especially from 219.2 kW to 160 kW. In addition, this optimization scheme also identified suitable locations for installing capacitors, namely on buses 7, 8, 12, 21, 25, and 31.
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Chege, S.N., D.K. Murage, and P.K. Kihato. "Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation and Capacitors in Radial Distribution Networks Using Hybrid Evolution Programming Algorithm." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 6, no. 1 (2019): 19–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671905.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Distribution systems form a critical part of the power system by linking the consumer to the transmission system. They are extensive and complex and require adequate planning. One of the main challenges in distribution networks is voltage instability. Voltage instability can be mitigated by distributed generation and capacitor placement in distribution networks. The effectiveness of these components is greatly dependent on how optimal they are placed and sized within the distribution network. Due to complexity of distribution networks, planning becomes a complex task, and therefore new techniques require to be developed to assist network planners optimally place capacitors and distributed generation in distribution networks. In this paper, a novel way of optimally placing and sizing Distributed Generation and capacitor is applied. The method uses Voltage Stability Index to find the optimal location of Distributed Generation and Capacitors. Hybrid Evolutionary programming algorithm is employed to determine the optimal sizes of Distributed Generation and Capacitors to be placed at the identified locations. The aim is to enhance the voltage stability of the radial distribution network. This method is tested on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution network. Simulation is carried out in MATLAB.
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Pratomo, Leonardus Heru, and Slamet Riyadi. "Desain dan Implementasi Algoritma Korelasi Daya dan Tegangan di Kapasitor untuk Maximum Power Point Trackking pada Photovoltaic Menggunakan Arduino Uno." Jurnal Teknik Elektro 12, no. 1 (2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jte.v12i1.23481.
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Photovoltaic is a main device in solar power generation systems. The performance of this component needs to be improved to get the maximum power point. Many methods for maximizing power in photovoltaic have been developed and implemented in various algorithms. In fact, the algorithm has a lot of complexity and it requires a signal processing system that has a high speed and expensive one in the implementation. To overcome this problem, an algorithm based on power and voltage correlation inthe capacitors is developed to get maximum power. If the voltage across the capacitor is controlled according to the maximum power point voltage (VMPP), the maximum power (PMPP) value would be achieved. This concept is verified through computational simulations anda voltage control algorithm would be implemented using the Arduino Uno microcontroller for the final verification. The efficiency of the simulation is 99.88%–99.92% and an experimental is 92.84%–94.78%.
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Manohar, B. S., and Basavaraja Banakara. "ANFIS based hybrid solar and wave generator for distribution generation to grid connection." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 10, no. 1 (2019): 479–85. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i1.pp479-485.
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With a long coastal border of about 7500 Kms, India would need an efficient option of hybrid power generation in the coastal region. Abundant availability of wave power and sunlight due to its closeness to equator makes it clear base for power generation from wave generator and the solar power. This paper develops the implementation, which combines both the wave generator and the PV array for a hybrid power delivery controlled using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Engine (ANFIS) controller. The super capacitor is used for higher efficiency compared to batteries. It absorbs power and delivers power fast, where it is more important in wave generation as the power and voltage is not stable. The power delivery improvement in this hybrid system while different controllers like the PI and the ANFIS controller is analysed. There is a higher power delivery improvement when ANFIS controller is chosen.
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Moufid, Ismail, Zineb En-nay, Soukaina Naciri, and Hassane El Markhi. "Optimizing distribution system performance: A comprehensive review of power loss minimization techniques." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 16, no. 2 (2025): 710. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp710-718.
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This article presents a thorough examination of contemporary techniques aimed at minimizing losses in distribution networks by strategically allocating capacitors, distributed generators (DG), and distribution static synchronous compensators (DSTATCOM). Through an extensive review of background literature and the analysis of current methodologies, the study distills insights from research articles spanning four decades. The survey encompasses diverse single and multi-objective methods, considering various constraints in addressing the distribution system loss minimization problem. Key findings emphasize the effectiveness of capacitor allocation in high voltage distribution networks, the efficiency of DG allocation in integrating small-scale generation, and the growing interest in DSTATCOM allocation for its advantages over traditional capacitor allocation. Particular attention is given to simultaneous techniques, identified as the most efficient approach for enhancing overall system performance.
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Amaral, Acácio M. R., Khaled Laadjal, and Antonio J. Marques Cardoso. "Advanced Fault-Detection Technique for DC-Link Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors Based on a Random Forest Classifier." Electronics 12, no. 12 (2023): 2572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122572.
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In recent years, significant technological advances have emerged in renewable power generation systems (RPGS), making them more economical and competitive. On the other hand, for the RPGS to achieve the highest level of performance possible, it is important to ensure the healthy operation of their main building blocks. Power electronic converters (PEC), which are one of the main building blocks of RPGS, have some vulnerable components, such as capacitors, which are responsible for more than a quarter of the failures in these converters. Therefore, it is of paramount importance that the design of fault diagnosis techniques (FDT) assess the capacitor’s state of health so that it is possible to implement predictive and preventive maintenance plans in order to reduce unexpected stoppage of these systems. One of the most commonly used capacitors in power converters is the aluminum electrolytic capacitor (AEC) whose aging manifests itself through an increase in its equivalent series resistance (ESR). Several advanced intelligent techniques have been proposed for assessing AEC health status, many of which require the use of a current sensor in the capacitor branch. However, the introduction of a current sensor in the capacitor branch imposes practical restrictions; in addition, it introduces unwanted resistive and inductive effects. This paper presents an FDT based on the random forest classifier (RFC), which triggers an alert mechanism when the DC-link AEC reaches its ESR threshold value. The great advantage of the proposed solution is that it is non-invasive; therefore, it is not necessary to introduce any sensor inside the converter. The validation of the proposed FDT will be carried out using several computer simulations carried out in Matlab/Simulink.
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Uchendu, Moses. "Placement of Distributed Generation and Shunt Capacitor in Distribution Network using Cuckoo Search Algorithm." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 17, no. 2 (2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v17i2.2.
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This work aims at reduction in active and reactive power loss reduction in distribution networks as well as to improve the voltage stability of the networks. Optimum Distributed Generation (DG) placement and sizing is carried out in conjunction with shunt capacitor placement and sizing to determine the appropriate sizes of DG units and Capacitor banks to be placed in the networks so as not to violate certain constraints. The optimal sizes of the DG units and capacitor banks were obtained on application of a Cuckoo Search Optimization Algorithm while computations for Voltage stability was performed using the Voltage Stability Index (VSI). The obtained optimal sizes of DG units and Capacitors were individually and simultaneously placed on the distribution networks to ascertain the behaviour of the networks prior to and after their placements. The performance factors considered are power loss and voltage stability. A comparison of these performance factors under separate and simultaneous placement method was demonstrated using IEEE 33 and 69 test buses. Result show that power loss (active and reactive) reduced by 63.29% and 59.38% respectively for 33 bus system, with a 74.29% and 79.19% reduction on 69 bus system. Voltage stability also increased by 7.89% and 3.79% respectively for 33 and 69 bus system relative to values obtained for base case and separate DG and shunt capacitor placement.
 Keywords: Distributed generation, shunt capacitor, Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), power loss and voltage stability.
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Wu, Zhaoyang, Wei Lu, Enyan Ding, Xiangyang Bao, Zhoubing Yang, and Falun Song. "A Compact High-Power Ultra-Wideband Bipolar Pulse Generator." Laser and Particle Beams 2021 (October 16, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2204782.
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A compact high-power ultra-wideband bipolar pulse generator based on a modified Marx circuit is designed, which is mainly composed of a primary power supply, Marx generator, sharpening and cutoff subnanosecond spark gap switches, and coaxial transmission lines. The Marx generator with modified circuit structure has thirty-two stages and is composed of eight disk-like modules. Each module consists of four capacitors, two spark gap switches, four charging inductors, and a mechanical support. To simplify the design of the charging structure and reduce the number of switches, four groups of inductors are used to charge the capacitors of the Marx generator, two of which are used for positive voltage charging and the other two for negative voltage charging. When the capacitor of each stage is charged to 35 kV, the maximum output peak voltage can reach 1 MV when the Marx generator is open circuit. The high-voltage pulse generated by the Marx generator charges the transmission line and forms a bipolar pulse through sharpening and cutoff switches. All transmission lines used for bipolar pulse generation have an impedance of 10 Ω. When the 950 kV pulse voltage generated by the Marx generator is fed into the transmission line, the bipolar pulse peak voltage can reach 390 kV, the center frequency of the pulse is about 400 MHz, and the output peak power is about 15.2 GW.
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Cao, Lingling, Jiefeng Lin, Shikai Chen, and Yuanmao Ye. "Symmetrical Cascaded Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Inverter Based on Hybrid Pulse Width Modulation." Energies 14, no. 22 (2021): 7643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227643.
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Multilevel inverters have been widely used in various industrial applications such as renewable energy generation and electric vehicles. An improved circuit of symmetrical cascaded switched-capacitor multilevel inverter is proposed so that the reactive power is absorbed by its power supply instead of capacitors. Then, a special hybrid pulse width modulation strategy combing level-shifted pulse width modulation (LS-PWM) and phase-shifted pulse width modulation (PS-PWM) was developed for the inverter. With this modulation algorithm, the power between cascaded units is automatically balanced, and the voltage of the capacitor in each unit is also automatically balanced to the dc input voltage. In addition, the optimized capacitor voltage ripple makes it possible to use a smaller capacitor to produce a better output voltage waveform. Theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental results show that the equivalent switching frequency of the cascaded multilevel inverter is twice the original frequency so that the output voltage harmonics are only distributed near even multiples of the carrier frequency.
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Li, Shengqing, Li Liu, Qiang Wu, Weihua He, and Na Deng. "Thirteen-Level Switching Capacitor Inverter with Six Times Boost and Self-Balancing Capability." Electronics 12, no. 10 (2023): 2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102259.
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A thirteen-level inverter based on switching capacitor is proposed in order to improve the boost capacity and output power quality of inverter in renewable energy power generation system. The proposed topology is composed of one DC input power supply, three capacitors and 14 switching devices, and achieves thirteen-level output with six times voltage boost. It has smaller volume, lower cost and output harmonic content. Moreover, it can realize inverter without H bridge and reduce the voltage stress of switching tube. In addition, the proposed inverter can achieve self-balancing capacitor voltage without any auxiliary method, simplifying the complexity of control. The superiority of the proposed topology is verified by comparing with other traditional multilevel inverters. The simulation and experimental verification on the simulation and prototype platform show that the inverter has good performance in both steady and dynamic conditions.
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Jinpeng, Wang, Kang Yufang, Yao Qingxue, Jeremy Gillbanks, and Zhao Xin. "An efficient power decoupling topology circuit based on a novel three-port three-switches flyback series circuit." PLOS ONE 19, no. 8 (2024): e0305773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305773.
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Both filter inductors, electrolytic capacitors, and radiators play a significant role in the inverter of a PV (Photovoltaic) power generation system. These three parts are the largest in an inverter, which affects the performance of the inverter. Aimed to improve the power density of a single-phase PV grid-connected inverter with a decoupling function. This paper derived the control principle that can reduce the volume of the inductor, decoupling capacitor, and the loss of the switching device to begin with the mathematical function of power processing of the filter inductor. And then, the authors deduced a boost-type power decoupled single-phase inverter topology. Based on a novel three-port three-switches flyback series circuit, this paper proposed an efficient power decoupling topology circuit for extracting the maximum power density of a single-phase grid-connected PV inverter. Finally, this article operated the simulation and experiment. Both the simulated and experimental results verified that the proposed method works well.
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Sitompul, Arief Pratomo. "Microgrid Design in Electricity Supply in Paper Factories." International Journal of Social Service and Research 3, no. 8 (2023): 1897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i8.475.
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Renewable energy is growing, one of which is by controlling solar energy. A solar power plant (PLTS) is a power generation system that utilizes solar energy to become electrical energy through photovoltaic modules, which are included in environmentally friendly energy so that it becomes a renewable, effective, more efficient, and reliable plant. The research designing the modeling of PLTS on a grid was carried out on the roof of a gas power plant (PLTG) which generated 164.47 MWh / year. Analyzing modeling in the addition of the Rooftop Solar System that enters the network can reduce exhaust emissions from the use of other equipment for four years with an average of PLN by 99.29%, PLTG #1 by 99.06 and PLTG #2 by 99.11%. The impact of the addition of the PLTS Rooftop on the quality of power entering the 3.3 kV network system is seen that the feeder 2-panel bus has improved to 97.82% of the voltage drop of 72.67% in line with the PLN 3 panel, the improvement is made by providing capacitors of 3x4Mvar. Feeder 3 improved to 97.61% of the voltage drop of 78.87%, in line with the PLN 4 panel. The improvement was carried out by providing a capacitor of 2x4Mvar. Panel feeder four was seen to have improved to 99.21% from an excess voltage of 109.23% in line with the generating equipment, and the improvement was made by reducing capacitors by 0.1 Mvar from the used 5x0.1 Mvar.
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Böttcher, Lars, S. Karaszkiewicz, D. Manessis, Eckart Hoene, and A. Ostmann. "Next Generation High Power Electronic Modules Based on Embedded Power Semiconductors." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, DPC (2014): 000694–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2014dpc-tp12.
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The spectrum of conventional power electronics packaging reaches from SMD packages for power chips to large power modules. In most of these packages the power semiconductors are connected by bond wires, resulting in large resistances and parasitic inductances. Power chip packages have to carry semiconductors with increasing current densities. Conventional wire bonds are limiting their performance. Today's power modules are based on DCB (Direct Copper bonded) ceramic substrates. IGBT switches are mounted onto the ceramic and their top side contacts are connected by thick Al wires. This allows one wiring layer only and makes an integration of driver chips very difficult. Additionally bond wires result in a high stray inductance which limits the switching frequency. Especially for the use of ultra-fast switching semiconductors, like SiC and GaN, it is very difficult to realize low inductive packages. The embedding of chips offers a solution for many of the problems in power chip packages and power modules. While chip embedding was an academic exercise a decade ago, it is now an industrial solution. A huge advantage of packaging using PCB technology is the cost-effective processing on large panel. Furthermore embedded packages and modules allow either double-side cooling or 3D assembly of components like capacitors, gate drivers or controllers. The advanced results of research projects will be discussed in the paper. An ultra-low inductance power module with SiC switches at 20 A / 600 V has been realized and characterized. The DC link inductance of the module was 0,8 nH only. These results sparked a huge interest in currently starting follow up projects creating package for fast switches. In a further project power modules for automotive power inverters for motor control are under development. As a project demonstrator, a 10 kW module with IGBTs and diodes at 400 V / 500 A, was manufactured. This demonstrator is based on high power PCB technology and was fully characterized; the results will be presented in detail. Recently started research projects will face the challenges of MW solar inverters at 1000 A and 1000 V, using SiC semiconductors as switches. First concepts will be presented as an outlook.
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Suresh, Chintalapudi Venkata, and Sirigiri Sivangaraju. "Multi-objective optimal reactive power dispatch to maximize power system social welfare in the presence of generalized unified power flow controller." Archives of Electrical Engineering 64, no. 3 (2015): 405–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2015-0032.
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Abstract In this paper a novel non-linear optimization problem is formulated to maximize the social welfare in restructured environment with generalized unified power flow controller (GUPFC). This paper presents a methodology to optimally allocate the reactive power by minimizing voltage deviation at load buses and total transmission power losses so as to maximize the social welfare. The conventional active power generation cost function is modified by combining costs of reactive power generated by the generators, shunt capacitors and total power losses to it. The formulated objectives are optimized individually and simultaneously as multi-objective optimization problem, while satisfying equality, in-equality, practical and device operational constraints. A new optimization method, based on two stage initialization and random distribution processes is proposed to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach on IEEE-30 bus system, and the detailed analysis is carried out.
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Li, Zelan, Yijia Cao, Le Van Dai, Xiaoliang Yang, and Thang Trung Nguyen. "Optimal Power Flow for Transmission Power Networks Using a Novel Metaheuristic Algorithm." Energies 12, no. 22 (2019): 4310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224310.
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In the paper, a modified coyote optimization algorithm (MCOA) is proposed for finding highly effective solutions for the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. In the OPF problem, total active power losses in all transmission lines and total electric generation cost of all available thermal units are considered to be reduced as much as possible meanwhile all constraints of transmission power systems such as generation and voltage limits of generators, generation limits of capacitors, secondary voltage limits of transformers, and limit of transmission lines are required to be exactly satisfied. MCOA is an improved version of the original coyote optimization algorithm (OCOA) with two modifications in two new solution generation techniques and one modification in the solution exchange technique. As compared to OCOA, the proposed MCOA has high contributions as follows: (i) finding more promising optimal solutions with a faster manner, (ii) shortening computation steps, and (iii) reaching higher success rate. Three IEEE transmission power networks are used for comparing MCOA with OCOA and other existing conventional methods, improved versions of these conventional methods, and hybrid methods. About the constraint handling ability, the success rate of MCOA is, respectively, 100%, 96%, and 52% meanwhile those of OCOA is, respectively, 88%, 74%, and 16%. About the obtained solutions, the improvement level of MCOA over OCOA can be up to 30.21% whereas the improvement level over other existing methods is up to 43.88%. Furthermore, these two methods are also executed for determining the best location of a photovoltaic system (PVS) with rated power of 2.0 MW in an IEEE 30-bus system. As a result, MCOA can reduce fuel cost and power loss by 0.5% and 24.36%. Therefore, MCOA can be recommended to be a powerful method for optimal power flow study on transmission power networks with considering the presence of renewable energies.
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Schulte, E., R. D. Curry, S. Dickerson, L. Brown, and A. Howard. "Thickness and volume dependence of dielectric strength in advanced nanodielectric materials allowing for further size reduction of ultrahigh voltage capacitor prototypes." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 6 (2022): 064706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0069682.
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We have developed a high dielectric, nanocomposite material, MU100, for use in pulsed power applications that include dielectric loaded antennas and ultra-high voltage capacitors. This paper presents the electrical properties of the first full-scale capacitor prototype along with sub-element modules. Additionally, refinements in the development process have sparked interest in a third-generation capacitor that would use similar dimensions as the initial small-scale samples that recorded breakdown fields of 225 kV/cm on average with peak breakdown fields of 328 kV/cm. The dielectric constant of these large-scale capacitors was 160. These capacitor prototypes have demonstrated voltage hold off of 500 kV. Similarly, thin samples that operated at 35–40 kV had lifetimes without failure in excess of 800 000 discharges at 80% of their maximum rated field strength.
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Rao, S. Nagaraja, D. V. Ashok Kumar, and Ch. Sai Babu. "Grid Connected Distributed Generation System with High Voltage Gain Cascaded DC-DC Converter Fed Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter Topology." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (2018): 4047–59. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4047-4059.
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The paper presents distributed generation (DG) system in grid connected mode of operation with asymmetric multi-level inverter (AMLI) topology. Cascaded type DC-DC converter is employed to feed proposed AMLI topology. The DG output voltage (generally low voltage) is stepped up to the required level of voltage using high-gain DC-DC converter. Proposed AMLI topology consists of capacitors at the primary side. The output of high-gain DC-DC converter is fed to split voltage balance single-input multi-output (SIMO) circuit to maintain voltage balance across capacitors of AMLI topology. Cascaded DC-DC converters (both high-gain converter and SIMO circuit) are operated in closed-loop mode. The proposed AMLI feeds active power to grid converting DC type of power generated from DG to AC type to feed the grid. PWM pattern to trigger power switches of AMLI is also presented. The inverting circuit of MLI topology is controlled using simplified Id-Iq control strategy in this paper. With the proposed control theory, the active power fed to grid from DG is controlled and power factor is maintained at unity. The proposed system of DG integration to grid through cascaded DC-DC converters and AMLI structure is validated from fixed active power to grid from DG condition. The proposed system is developed and results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
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STOJANOVIĆ, Branko, Tomislav RAJIĆ, and Darko ŠOŠIĆ. "Rekonfiguracija i otočna kompenzacija u prisustvu distribuiranih izvora u razgranatoj distributivnoj mreži." Energija, ekonomija, ekologija XXV, no. 1 (2023): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/eee23-1.24s.
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Distribution utilities witness many changes nowadays. If the network voltages must be in 0.9-1.1 p.u. limits and grid input power factor greater than 0.85 all three modern strategies of smart distribution network as reconfiguration, capacitors switching and presence of distribution generation (DG) ought to be applied. Even in this case On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) in the supplying substation has to be used. In this paper, detailed technical analysis of 21 realistic operation cases is presented by hybrid algorithm of Minimum spanning tree (MST) plus Simulated Annealing (SA). MST is used for tackling reconfiguration first and SA for capacitor switching afterwards. Implemented transparent grafical Monte Carlo method for locating of distributed generators and capacitor banks is unique and simple. Assumption is that DG is already present. Gauss and Weibull changing nodal loads and wind generators output, respectively as well as daily load curves for working and weekend day with insolation of solar panels are included in analysis. The objective function comprising of the cost of power losses, price of capacitors and undelivered energy is minimized. IEEE 118 bus network is analyzed which has 118 nodes and 132 branches (15 ties), all of which can commutate, that is considered to be large scale. The basic switching logic of uniform distribution of wind generators to the nodes and capacitors in accordance with objective function, that changes every hour is unrealistic. More realistic one was issued with fixed nodes for allocation of DG and capacitors (the most frequently visited nodes). The programme final objective function indicates the price of peak power losses, losses of delivered electrical energy, of the banks, of undelivered electrical energy and commutations for the period of month and a half (1008 network operating hours).
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Jawahirullah, Mr S. "Power Quality Improvement using Super Capacitor for an Isolated Power Generation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. IV (2017): 671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.4120.
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Zapata, Henry M., Marcelo A. Perez, and Abraham Marquez Alcaide. "Control of Cascaded Multilevel Converter for Wave Energy Applications." Energies 16, no. 1 (2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010071.
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This paper proposes a control scheme for a wave energy conversion system based on a linear generator and a cascaded multilevel converter. The mechanical conversion system is composed of a buoy connected directly to a linear generator. The windings of the generator are individually controlled by a cascaded multilevel power converter using independent maximum power point tracking to improve energy harvesting. The output of the cascaded converter is controlled to keep the DC capacitors balanced and generate a multilevel voltage at the output terminals which reduces the losses in the underwater transmission line. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed control scheme maximizing the power generation by imposing a current with the same waveform of the induced voltage and balancing the DC capacitors.
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Sathayanarayanan, T. K. S., M. Ramasamy, C. Bharatiraja, and JL Munda. "Modelling, Impedance Design, and Efficiency Analysis of Battery Assists PV tied Quasi-Z source inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 3 (2016): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i3.pp816-825.
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<p>The photovoltaic (PV) power cohort becoming more and more attractive in modern power systems era to meet out the power demand in the globe. Consequently, the extraction of maximum power and reduced power electronics stuff for PV based power generation system research studies are growing continuously to meet out the large power-scale/high-voltage grid-tie demands. In this junction, to improve the efficiency of the existing PV tied Quasi-Z source inverter (QZSI), in this paper the new attempt has proposed here by connecting two batteries across to the QZ capacitors. When a battery connected across each capacitor, this system can deliver power to the load power when the PV panel outputs a variable power with fluctuations. The battery can be charged or discharged without any extra circuit, because of the unique impedance network of QZSI. New PWM techniques and principles are proposed to control the new energy stored QZSI when applied to the PV power system. They can control the inverter output power and manage the battery power simultaneously. The operating principle and power flow of this system are analysed. The Simulated and experimental results through using the planned 0.2-kW prototype validate the proposed analytic model and the design method. In addition, this paper analyzes all of the functioning states for a QZSI and calculates the power loss.</p>
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Mogaligunta, Sankaraiah, Suresh Reddy S., and Vijaya Kumar M. "GWO Based Optimal Reactive Power Coordination of DFIG, ULTC and Capacitors." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 3 (2018): 805–13. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i3.pp805-813.
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Wind is available with free of cost anywhere in the world, this wind can be used for power generation due to many advantages. This attracts the researchers to work on wind power plants. The presence of wind power plants on distribution system causes major influence on voltage controlled devices (VCDs) in terms of life of the devices. Therefore, this paper proposes grey wolf optimization method (GWO) together with forecasted load one day in advance. VCDs are on load tap changer (ULTC) and capacitors (CS), there are two main objectives first one is curtail of distribution network (DN) loss and second one is curtailing of ULTC and CS switching"s. Objectives are achieved by controlling the reactive power of DFIG in coordination with VCDs. The proposed method is planned and applied in Matlab/Simulink on 10KV practical system with DFIG located at different locations. To validate the efficacy of GWO, results are compared with conventional and dynamic programming methods without profane grid circumstances.
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Sankaraiah, Mogaligunta, Sanna Suresh Reddy, and M. Vijaya Kumar. "GWO Based Optimal Reactive Power Coordination of DFIG, ULTC and Capacitors." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 3 (2018): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i3.pp805-813.
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<p>Wind is available with free of cost anywhere in the world, this wind can be used for power generation due to many advantages. This attracts the researchers to work on wind power plants. The presence of wind power plants on distribution system causes major influence on voltage controlled devices (VCDs) in terms of life of the devices. Therefore, this paper proposes grey wolf optimization method (GWO) together with forecasted load one day in advance. VCDs are on load tap changer (ULTC) and capacitors (CS), there are two main objectives first one is curtail of distribution network (DN) loss and second one is curtailing of ULTC and CS switching’s. Objectives are achieved by controlling the reactive power of DFIG in coordination with VCDs. The proposed method is planned and applied in Matlab/Simulink on 10KV practical system with DFIG located at different locations. To validate the efficacy of GWO, results are compared with conventional and dynamic programming methods without profane grid circumstances.</p>
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Rao, S. Nagaraja, D. V. Ashok Kumar, and Ch Sai Babu. "Grid Connected Distributed Generation System with High Voltage Gain Cascaded DC-DC Converter Fed Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter Topology." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (2018): 4047. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4047-4059.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents distributed generation (DG) system in grid connected mode of operation with asymmetric multi-level inverter (AMLI) topology. Cascaded type DC-DC converter is employed to feed proposed AMLI topology. The DG output voltage (generally low voltage) is stepped up to the required level of voltage using high-gain DC-DC converter. Proposed AMLI topology consists of capacitors at the primary side. The output of high-gain DC-DC converter is fed to split voltage balance single-input multi-output (SIMO) circuit to maintain voltage balance across capacitors of AMLI topology. Cascaded DC-DC converters (both high-gain converter and SIMO circuit) are operated in closed-loop mode. The proposed AMLI feeds active power to grid converting DC type of power generated from DG to AC type to feed the grid. PWM pattern to trigger power switches of AMLI is also presented. The inverting circuit of MLI topology is controlled using simplified Id-Iq control strategy in this paper. With the proposed control theory, the active power fed to grid from DG is controlled and power factor is maintained at unity. The proposed system of DG integration to grid through cascaded DC-DC converters and AMLI structure is validated from fixed active power to grid from DG condition. The proposed system is developed and results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.