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1
Orukpe, P. E., and F. O. Agbontaen. "Prepaid Meter in Nigeria: The Story so Far and the Way Forward." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.114.
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The prepaid meter was introduced in Nigeria to aid revenue collection and generation by Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) in 2006 as well as abolished meter reading and estimated billing. Since its introduction there are still some challenges being faced by consumers and the power network operator. In this paper, we examined the Nigeria power sector, prepayment meter, advantages and disadvantages of the prepaid meter and smart meter in Nigeria. Finally, we make some recommendations.
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OMACHI, OLOBO, and USMAN MOHAMMED. "PRIVATISATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF POWER HOLDING COMPANY (PHCN) OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Review 07, no. 05 (2024): 432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37602/ijssmr.2024.7532.
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The study examines impact of privatization and commercialization of PHCN on Nigeria people. The paper utilized both primary and secondary sources of data and data collected were descriptively analyzed with a view to seeking answers to the broad question of the effect of privatization and commercialization of government-owned enterprises in Nigeria with reference to Power Holdings Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Benin Zone. The study engaged one hundred and fifty-four (154) respondents randomly selected from the five departments of PHCN, Benin. The findings revealed that PHCN has to contend with internal and external environmental hostilities and constraints such as poor funding of the enterprise, corruption, excessive control by the Federal Government, vandalization of its equipment by hoodlums, fraud, shady dealings, poor maintenance, erosion, and debts owed it and irregular rainfall. Government should examine and select the competent people who will handle private enterprises and not people of questionable character. Capturing the confidence of labour, building more power plants, staff training and motivation, monitoring of the privatization processes, transparency and accountability will check corruption, Government interference and recruitment by patronage. The paper concluded that electricity is the bedrock of socioeconomic development of any nation hence priority must be set for its full privatization and commercialization as it did to the national telecommunication carrier, NITEL, so than Nigerians can grow and develop like other nations such as Malaysia, Indonesia and India, which have almost same characteristics like Nigeria. Private-sector driven economy is key to this development and government must create this sector in Nigeria if it must grow and develop industrially, socially and politically.
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Odior, A. O., and F. A. Oyawale. "A review of some of the operations of power holding company of Nigeria." International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 3, no. 2 (2012): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13198-012-0104-y.
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Okoro, O. I., and E. Chikuni. "Power sector reforms in Nigeria: opportunities and challenges." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 18, no. 3 (2007): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i3a3386.
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Constant power supply is the hallmark of a devel-oped economy. Any nation whose energy need is epileptic in supply, prolongs her development and risks losing potential investors. Nigeria, a country of over 120 million people, has for the past 33 years of establishment of the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) agency empowered with the elec-tricity generation, transmission and distribution, wit-nessed frequent and persistent outages. Presently, the federal government has embarked on power sector reforms with the intention of improving the above unpalatable scenario and in turn reduce the scope of monopoly control of the nation’s power industry. This paper therefore looks at the overall power sector reforms as well as evaluates the opportunities and challenges there from; while advocating introduction of a demand side manage-ment (DSM) program by Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) as a way of reducing energy con-sumption among customers with emphasis on ener-gy conservation, energy efficiency and load man-agement.
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Ogujor, E. A., E. U. Ubeku, and P. T. Aikhoje. "Application of Pareto Analysis to Faults Identification in Electrical Distribution Network: A Case Study of Ugbowo 11kV Feeder, Benin City, Nigeria." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.75.
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Application of Pareto Analysis technique in major feeder pillar faults identification is presented in this paper. Power outage data due to feeder pillar faults were collected between January, 2005 and September, 2007 from Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Ugbowo district office, Edo State, Nigeria for four feeder pillars. The data were processed and Pareto Analysis technique was applied to the field data. The results obtained shows that eliminating wrong fusing and overloading in Edaiken 2 and Holex feeder pillars will reduce faults by 77.42 and 79.53% respectively while eliminating wrong fusing, overloading and line-to-line faults in Uwasota 2 and Holy Rosary feeder pillars will reduce faults by 87.9 and 88.35% respectively.
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Adegboye, B. A., and M. G. Mele. "Investigating the Quality of Power Supply to a Large Commercial Installation." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.159.
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The paper investigates the quality of power supply to the Corporate Headquarters of the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), PLC, Maitama, Abuja. This was facilitated by the measurements conducted using the harmonitor 3000 power analyzer on the secondary terminals of the two (2) 1000kVA, 11kV three-phase transformers serving the Company. The data on the network consisting of voltages, currents, power factor and harmonic distortion were acquired by the Harmonitor. Analysis of these data shows that there is significantly high variation between the minimum and the maximum voltage and that the phase loads are unbalanced. There is low power factor and the total harmonic distortions (THD) on the phases and neutral are high. The causes of the poor quality of power supply were identified and recommendations proposed taking into cognizance the complexity and sensitivity of the equipment in the network.
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Bambale, Abdu Ja‟afaru, Faridahwati Mohd Shamsudin, and Chandrakantan a/l Subramaniam. "Mediating effect of psychological ownership on the relationship of servant leadership and organizational citizenship: a conceptual model." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 4 (2012): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2012.39.
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This is a conceptual study that proposes examining a mediated model of organizationalcitizenship behavior (OCB) among employees of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) Plc. ThePHCN Plc is a sole producer and distributor of electricity in Nigeria and plays a vital role in supporting thesocio-economic development of Nigeria. If performance of OCB is enhanced among employees of this utilityorganization, effective functioning of the organization and ultimate realization of its goals and objectives willalso be enhanced. Extensive review of relevant literature was done for better understanding of the currentdevelopment of research involving OCB, servant leadership and psychological ownership that constitute themodel of this study. Cross sectional and survey study will be employed as methods for data collection. Onestage cluster sampling technique will be employed to obtain representative response from a sample of 322lower and middle level employees of Kano PHCN Distribution Company. A combination of both descriptiveand inferential statistics will be employed to test the hypothesized model. Structural equation modeling (SEM)will be used in the analysis because of its analytical power of testing several relationships simultaneously andreducing measurement error.
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Iyidobi, J. C., I. V. Mba, and C. E. Opata. "Development of an Online Fault Reporting/Management System for Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Ikeja Zone." American Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering 4, no. 2 (2023): 32–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15126253.
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<em>The fault reporting system put in place by in Nigeria power distribution companies have been found to be ineffective in capturing fault reports from customers. This has contributed to the increase in outage duration in distribution networks. This project successfully developed an effective and efficient fault reporting and management system for a Nigeria electric power distribution network. The developed system allows distribution network customers to make online reports of electrical faults in their properties. The system will also allow distribution networks’ fault monitoring teams to report faults in their facilities, online. Distribution Companies will also use data captured by this system to manage fault rectification and plan against fault re-occurrence. The developed system will also educate users on safety issues and how best to handle distribution facilities to reduce fault re-occurrence. Though the project was successful, further works could still be done on the project to make it even more effective and efficient in fault reporting and management. The incorporation of an automation system that sends e-mail alerts to users when relevant updates is made by the system administrator and the introduction of security features to protect the system and its users from external and internal attacks are recommended future works that will make this system much more robust and effective.</em>
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Aguda, Olukayode Olalekan. "Constitutional and Institutional Governance of Electricity Sector in Nigeria." Journal of Energy Research and Reviews 14, no. 4 (2023): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v14i4291.
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The extensive reform of Nigeria's power industry is focused on deregulation, restructuring, and privatisation. The government started a comprehensive economic reform programme in 1999, which includes this reform. The National Electric Power Policy (NEPP) of 2001 and the Electric Power Sector Reform (EPSR) Act of 2005 both first stated the need for privatising the electricity sector. The privatisation of the entire energy sector made considerable strides in 2013 with the transfer of ownership of six electricity production businesses and eleven electricity distribution companies. The reform has led to the repeal of the EPSR Act 2005 by the enactment of the Electricity Act 2023. This paper therefore seeks to ensure that a reform process is not only set up but prioritized within the Electricity sector.
 With the passage of the Privatisation and Commercialization Act in 1988 and the subsequent creation of the Technical Committee for Privatisation and Commercialization (TCPC) in 1993, the reform process got underway. When civilian authority was restored in 1999, the government passed the Public Enterprises (Privatisation and Commercialization) Act, which established the National Council on Privatisation (NCP) as the top policy-making body on privatization-related matters. The Bureau for Public Enterprises (BPE) was created under the Act to serve as the government's technical operator and task manager for its public enterprise reform initiative.
 The reform legislation calls for licencing, liberalisation, the unbundling of the public monopoly utility, corporatization, and the commercialization of successor enterprises. The Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) was established as a holding company. To ensure a competitive electricity market, the law suggests selling generating and distributing enterprises to core investors.
 Despite privatisation attempts, Nigeria's electrical supply reliability remains a serious difficulty, and regulation remains an urgent issue. Due to the inconsistent availability of energy, manufacturers continue to rely primarily on diesel generators. Power plant failures have resulted in significant electrical shortages, with daily power outages lasting several hours.
 Conclusively, while the Nigerian power sector has undergone significant reforms, there is still a need for further improvements in regulation and electricity supply reliability to address the country's persistent energy challenges and support economic diversification beyond oil production and manufacturing sector collapse.
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Usifo, F. O., and Eromosele Oria Usifo. "Elimination of Frequent Electric Power Interruption Due to Lightning Discharge in Nigeria." Advanced Materials Research 18-19 (June 2007): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.111.
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The problems facing the Power Holding Company of Nigeria PLC (PHCN) which was formerly called the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), are numerous to the extent that every power electric engineer both in the industrial sector and in academic is being challenged to proffer possible solutions. In an attempt, to combat some of these problems, this paper is therefore focused on a problem, affecting frequent power interruption to consumers during rainy season by PHCN. A research carried out before now ascertained that more than 500 hours were lost annually on power interruptions due to lightning discharge in various substations throughout the country during rainy season. Therefore, this paper has suggested the use of double lightning arresters instead of one, for the protection of industrial and domestic electrical installation work. It recommended the use of Thyrite or Oriaghe low voltage lightning arrester to prospective power consumers for domestic application. Also, for the high voltage protection it recommended the use of the high voltage Thyrite lightning arrester for lightning discharge protection of transformers and switch gears, used by PHCN.
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Ebigenibo Genuine Saturday. "Nigerian Power Sector: A new structure required for effective and adequate power generation, transmission and distribution." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 1, no. 1 (2021): 06–018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.1.0035.
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In this paper, the structure of the Nigerian power sector is examined, the problems in the structure are identified and a new structure is proposed for effective power generation, transmission and distribution. Besides the problems usually canvassed, the current structure is defective from the perspective of the ownership of the power infrastructures, passive involvement of state governments and undue influence of the federal government. The reforms in the sector were driven by the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA) of 2005, leading to the creation of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to take both the assets and the liabilities of the then National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), and the subsequent unbundling of PHCN to 18 successor companies – 6 power generating companies, one power transmission company and 11 power distribution companies. The new structure proposed in this work gives room for every state government to own power plants and distribute power in the various states. They can equally buy power from independent power producers. Power plants owned by the federal government in the present structure are to continue sending power to the national grid and made available to states with insufficient power generation in the new structure. Independent power producers can also send power to the national grid. The federal government will continue managing power transmission in the new structure. Each state government will own at least two power distribution companies in partnership with private organizations who will equally have a stake in the ownership of the power generating plants. The tariff of grid-connected power will be higher, encouraging states to go into active power generation. The new structure will enable the federal government to do away with rural electrification programme and other power generation options regulated by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission which should be under the control of various state governments. New laws are needed in the place of the EPSRA to achieve the new structure. The federal government will make money from the proposed structure instead of spending huge sums of money in the present structure.
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Ebigenibo, Genuine Saturday. "Nigerian Power Sector: A new structure required for effective and adequate power generation, transmission and distribution." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 7, no. 1 (2021): 06–018. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4717317.
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In this paper, the structure of the Nigerian power sector is examined, the problems in the structure are identified and a new structure is proposed for effective power generation, transmission and distribution. Besides the problems usually canvassed, the current structure is defective from the perspective of the ownership of the power infrastructures, passive involvement of state governments and undue influence of the federal government. The reforms in the sector were driven by the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA) of 2005, leading to the creation of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to take both the assets and the liabilities of the then National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), and the subsequent unbundling of PHCN to 18 successor companies – 6 power generating companies, one power transmission company and 11 power distribution companies. The new structure proposed in this work gives room for every state government to own power plants and distribute power in the various states. They can equally buy power from independent power producers. Power plants owned by the federal government in the present structure are to continue sending power to the national grid and made available to states with insufficient power generation in the new structure. Independent power producers can also send power to the national grid. The federal government will continue managing power transmission in the new structure. Each state government will own at least two power distribution companies in partnership with private organizations who will equally have a stake in the ownership of the power generating plants. The tariff of grid-connected power will be higher, encouraging states to go into active power generation. The new structure will enable the federal government to do away with rural electrification programme and other power generation options regulated by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission which should be under the control of various state governments. New laws are needed in the place of the EPSRA to achieve the new structure. The federal government will make money from the proposed structure instead of spending huge sums of money in the present structure.
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Adoghe, A. U., and I. A. Odigwe. "Automatic Transfer and Controller System for Standby Power Generator." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.187.
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An automatic transfer system (ATS) was developed to monitor the a.c. voltage coming from Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) line for power failure conditions. Upon detection of an outage for a predetermined period of time, the standby generator is started, once is up to speed, the load is transferred from the PHCN line to the local Generator. This ATS is capable of electrically monitoring fuel level, oil level, Battery strength, next maintenance schedule and then start or stop the unmanned Generator from the computer system located in the comfort of homes or offices outside the Generator site. In this paper therefore, an Automatic Transfer System (ATS) for Power Generator is designed to improve the operation and maintenance of power generators. The ATS which includes both hardware and software module, provides a functionality that allows a power generator to be controlled and monitored from a remote location
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Obodeh, O., and F. O. Isaac. "Performance Indicators for Sapele Thermal Power Station, Nigeria: 1997-2006." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.667.
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Performance indices as measured by percentage of shortfall of energy generated, load factor, utilization factor and capacity factor of Sapele thermal power station, Nigeria in the period 1997 to 2006 is presented. The thermal station uses both steam and gas turbines. The station consists of six units of steam turbine and four units of gas turbine with total installed capacity of 1020 MW. But it was established that less than 17 % of the installed capacity was available. The percentage shortfall of energy generated for the period under review ranged from 27.4 to 49.1 %. This was due to aging of the plant, improper operation and maintenance. The load factor was between 39.9 and 64 % as against international best practice of 80 %. The inability of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to do turn-around maintenance on the plant was advanced for the dismal value. Average plant availability of the plant for the studied period was less than 21% as against Industry best practice of over 95 %. The capacity factor was even more dismal. For the period under review, it ranged from as low as 5.49 % in 2006 to the highest value of 17.19 % in 1997. Low capacity factor indicates excessive plant failure. Measures to improve the performance indices of the plant have been suggested such as training of operation and maintenance (O & M) personnel regularly, improvement in O & M practices, proper spare parts inventory, organizing regular management meetings and improving general housekeeping of the plant.
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Adelowo, Caleb Muyiwa, and Mary Oladuni Fadare. "Power Sector Reforms and Electricity Deficit in Nigeria: Stakeholders’ Perspective." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 13, no. 1 (2023): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13751.
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Inadequate generation and distribution of electricity constitute major bottlenecks to productivity and industrial growth in Nigeria. Over the years, several reforms have been implemented in the power sector but the challenges persist, and many socio-economic activities are negatively impacted. The problems are exacerbated by inconsistent policies of the government on the management of the power sector and the inefficient capacity of the private operators. In this article, we examine the kernels of power sector reforms, the depth of the reforms’ awareness, the level of implementation, and the degree to which customers were satisfied with the electricity supply. Primary data were collected through a cross-sectional survey conducted on the management and customers of electricity distribution companies in Ibadan, Ekiti and Lagos States, using two sets of validated questionnaires. Six hundred and sixty-seven (667) management and staff members, and one thousand one hundred and nineteen (1,119) customers participated in the survey. The results show that a major reform to the sector is privatisation, leading to the unbundling of the Power Holding Company of Nigeria. Some of the measures taken to implement the reforms include staff training and redeployment, organisation restructuring, public sensitisation, disengagement of redundant staff, and introduction of more efficient monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. The study observes that a large proportion of customers are aware of the power sector reforms and understood the implications but they claimed there was no significant improvement in the power supply compared to pre-reform periods. The paper concludes with appropriate policy recommendations for the government, operators and stakeholders in the sector.
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Bukar, Abba Lawan, Babangida Modu, Zainab Musa Gwoma, et al. "Economic Assessment of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System for a Non-Electrified Remote Village in Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 1 (2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.1.252.
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Nigeria has a large number of remote areas that are not being electrified, this is because the power generated is less than the demand of the country. Garundole village is a typical example, with a population of about 270 is not connected to the main grid. Currently load shedding is being practiced by the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to dispatch the power being generated. Moreover, majority of the people leaving in these remote villages depend mostly on diesel power generator. Thus, there is a need to have an independent generating station for such kind of remote village to ease the living conditions of its inhabitants. This paper therefore, reports the economic assessment of PV/diesel/battery hybrid off-grid energy system as an alternative solution to these remote villages. In this regard, three different system configurations is being be studied and analyzed using HOMER optimization software to carry out the economic analysis of the systems and its technical feasibility. The systems include; standalone diesel generator, hybrid PV/diesel with battery storage and hybrid PV/diesel without battery storage. The result obtained from the study shows that a hybrid PV/diesel with a backup battery has the potential capabilities of replacing diesel powered generator used by individual households independently.
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Bukar, Abba Lawan, Babangida Modu, Zainab Musa Gwoma, et al. "Economic Assessment of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System for a Non-Electrified Remote Village in Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 2, no. 1 (2017): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2017.2.1.252.
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Nigeria has a large number of remote areas that are not being electrified, this is because the power generated is less than the demand of the country. Garundole village is a typical example, with a population of about 270 is not connected to the main grid. Currently load shedding is being practiced by the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to dispatch the power being generated. Moreover, majority of the people leaving in these remote villages depend mostly on diesel power generator. Thus, there is a need to have an independent generating station for such kind of remote village to ease the living conditions of its inhabitants. This paper therefore, reports the economic assessment of PV/diesel/battery hybrid off-grid energy system as an alternative solution to these remote villages. In this regard, three different system configurations is being be studied and analyzed using HOMER optimization software to carry out the economic analysis of the systems and its technical feasibility. The systems include; standalone diesel generator, hybrid PV/diesel with battery storage and hybrid PV/diesel without battery storage. The result obtained from the study shows that a hybrid PV/diesel with a backup battery has the potential capabilities of replacing diesel powered generator used by individual households independently.
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Tobiloba, Somefun, Awosope Claudius, Abdulkareem Ademola, Ojo Joseph, Amuta Elizabeth, and Sanni Timilehin. "Cost implications analysis of grid supplied electricity and solar source of electricity in Nigeria." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 18, no. 6 (2020): 3258~3265. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v18i6.13558.
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Energy is a key component in the overall growth of every nation. Insufficient energy delivery hinders political growth, restricts social growth, limits economic growth, and negatively affects the standard of living of citizens, both in urban and rural areas. Sufficient energy delivery increases food production, improves the standards of living of citizens, improves healthcare and enhancements in other human services, enhances industrial output, provides effective and efficient transportation not forgetting adequate shelter to the citizens of the nation. Currently, there is a significant level of deficiency in Nigeria’s energy sector. This study seeks to address this issue by analysing cost implications of conventional energy source and solar energy source. This study brings to focus the payback period of a solar powered home and the return on investment that might accrue during this time to the residential homeowners. Furthermore, the best cost-effective load sharing option for residential owners considering two energy sources is also obtained.
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Chidi, Christopher O., and Oluseyi A. Shadare. "Influence Of Host Community On Industrial Relations Practices And Policies: A Survey Of Agbara Community And Power Holding Company Of Nigeria (PHCN)." Journal of International Education Research (JIER) 7, no. 3 (2011): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jier.v7i3.4973.
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This study investigated the influence of host community on industrial relations practices and policies using Agbara community and Power Holding Company of Nigeria PLC as a case. The study adopted both the qualitative and quantitative methods. A total of 120 samples were drawn from the population using the simple random sampling technique in which case every member of the population was given an equal and independent chance of being chosen. However, 75 questionnaires were returned upon which the data analysis was based. This was supplemented with the interwiew method. The response rate is 62.5%. With respect to the reliability of the instrument, the coefficient alpha or Cronbachs alpha is 0.73, which implies that the instrument is 73% reliable. The data analysis was carried out with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The Chi-square statistical technique was used to test the hypotheses at 5% level of significance. In testing the first hypothesis that PHCN industrial relations policies and practices are independent of its host community, the following variables were subjected to Chi-square test: 1) PHCN industrial relations policies are influenced by public opinion through the use of suggestion schemes (?2= 33.07 with 4 df; p < .05) and 2) customs/traditions of host community influence PHCN industrial relations policies (?2 = 60.93 with 4 df; p < .05). In testing the second hypothesis, the result of the chi-square test shows that an inclusive stakeholders approach is often used in resolving matters of mutual interest involving host community and PHCN (?2 = 54.23 with 3 df; p < .05). These results are statistically significant. Therefore, there is evidence to reject the null hypotheses and to conclude that PHCN industrial relations policies and practices are dependent or contingent on its host community. PHCN industrial relations policies and practices are influenced by its host community. The authors therefore recommend the inclusion of the host community as one of the actors in industrial relations. This was relegated to the background by Dunlop (1958) in his categorization of actors in industrial relations.
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Nwafor, Lloyd Chukwuemeka, Busaya Virakul, Darlene Russ-Eft, and Geoffrey Ijomah David Chima. "Evaluation of Critical Corporate Governance Issues within Nigeria's Top State-Owned Enterprises." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 1 (2024): e05357. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-123.
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Objective: The objective of the article was to examine and analyze significant corporate governance issues prevalent in Nigeria's leading state-owned enterprises by identifying the key corporate governance issues that exist within State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), importance of addressing these critical corporate governance issues in relation to SOEs in Nigeria, explore the various factors that hinder the evaluation of these critical corporate governance issues in Nigerian SOEs and put forth recommendations and strategies for effectively managing these critical corporate governance issues within SOEs in Nigeria. Theoretical Framework: Agency Model Principals (Shareholders) Agents (Management) Performs Hires and Delegates Self Interest Self Interest 257 Talat Afza and Mian Sajid Nazir On the whole, agency theory laid emphasis on the opportunistic behavior of managers; managers try to put their interest first by forgoing shareholders’ interests. Method: The study employed a descriptive survey design, wherein 300 employees were selected through a random sampling process from a pool of over 100,000 employees belonging to various organizations such as Power Holding Company of Nigeria, Nigeria Postal Services, Nigerian Railway Cooperation, Nigeria Water Board Cooperation, and Nigeria Television Authority. The selected employees were representative of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. A questionnaire consisting of 20 items was utilized as the primary instrument for data collection. To ensure the reliability and validity of the instrument, the validation process involved the application of Lawshe's content validity template, resulting in a content validity ratio (CVR) of 1. The psychometric properties of the instrument were assessed using Cronbach's alpha. A coefficient alpha of .85 was obtained, surpassing the threshold of .70. This indicates that the instrument demonstrates satisfactory reliability. The data was collected in real-time and subsequently analyzed utilizing frequency count and percentage calculations. Findings: The results indicate that employees possess a comprehensive understanding of crucial corporate governance matters within their respective state-owned enterprises in Nigeria. Assessing these critical corporate governance issues has the potential to yield outstanding returns on investment (ROI) and enhance stakeholder satisfaction. Hence, it is of utmost importance to conduct a comprehensive assessment of critical issues pertaining to corporate governance. Conclusion: This evaluation is essential in order to protect the interests of stakeholders, attain anticipated levels of performance, promote fairness and transparency, optimize return on investment, and ultimately enhance the provision of services to citizens.
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Kangiwa, Umar Muhammad, Gwani Mohammed, Zayyanu, Hussaini, and Sadik Umar. "Numerical Design of an Off-Grid Wind Energy Systems for Small Scale Residential Power Supply." Journal of Energy Research and Reviews 15, no. 1 (2023): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v15i1297.
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The socio-economic developments of all nations depend duly on electrical energy supply. Nigeria as a country is faced with challenges of poor electric power supply due to the challenges from the power holding company of Nigeria (PHCN) which have left many households and isolated areas with no access to electricity. The fact that fossil fuel generators contributes to climate changes, renewable energy such as wind could be the best alternative. This paper presents the numerical design of an off-grid wind energy systems for powering load demand of two bedrooms apartment. The load demand of two bedroom flats were estimated and sizes of wind turbine, storage batteries and inverter with respect to typical load demand were numerically estimated. The performance of three 1 KW horizontal axis wind turbines of the same capacity but from different manufacturers namely; Bergey’s (BWC XL.1), Wind energy (WE.7) and Hummer wind energy (H3.1) were numerically tested using the average monthly wind speed data of Aliero Kebbi state, Nigeria. The result shows that integrating 1 kW wind turbine with 6 pieces of 200 Ah batteries on 24 V system and 1 kVA inverter would be feasible for 505 W (4.37 kWh/day) load demand with two days autonomy. The annual mean energy generated by the BWC XL.1, WE.7 and H3.1 using annual mean wind speed 5.03 m/s were 1782 kWh/yr, 1451kWh/yr and 1909 kWh/yr, attaining efficiencies of 44.45 % 33.22 % and 33.22 % respectively. Based on these results, BWC XL.1 could be best alternative wind turbine for the location because of its optimum efficiency. In addition, its energy generation of 1782 kWh/yr is 11.72% greater than 1595 kWh/year, the typical residential household load demand.
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Adoghe, A. U., C. O. A. Awosope, and S. A. Daramola. "Modeling Distribution Component Deterioration: An Application to Transformer Insulation." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.117.
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The two most critical components in a typical Power System are the circuit breakers and transformers. Failure of any of these components will result in high cost due to component replacement and associated load loss. Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM) may reduce this cost in the long run by extending the component lifetime and increasing availability. This will be possible, since the adopted RCM will balance carrying out too much maintenance which will increase maintenance cost or too little maintenance that will result in catastrophic failure and hence increases the cost of maintenance and repair. A Markov model that relates probability of failure to maintenance activity is developed for distribution transformers. This model incorporates various levels of insulation deterioration and minor maintenance state. It was applied to one of the distribution transformers in Abule-Egba Business unit network of Power Holding Company of Nigeria. The result obtained from model simulation agrees with the one obtained from the mathematical analysis of the developed model. With an adjustment in the inspection parameter, this probabilistic deterioration model for a distribution transformer can also be applied to predict the performance of circuit breakers.
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Oseni, A. E., and A. S. Durowoju. "Application of GIS in Electricity Distribution: A Case Study of part of Ashamu Layout Kosobo, Oyo East Local Government Area, Oyo State Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 4, no. 2 (2020): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2020.02.0106.
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Due to the natural limitations faced by the old system of keeping, planning and managing the distribution of electricity, a computerized system is developed for Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), on Ashamu Layout of Kosobo Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Data was acquired using south total station (NTS) and the data was downloaded using NTS.comp and project boundary was plotted with AutoCAD civil 3D, 1m Ikonos resolution satellite imagery was downloaded and geo-referenced with Arcgis10.1. Spatial features such as roads and buildings were vectorized. Electricity distribution and management was designed and created using relational database management system (rdbms) approach. The raster image was added as layer to ArcGIS 10.1 environments for geo-referencing and vectorization. The roads, buildings, electric poles were vectorized and a south total station was used to acquire co-ordinates of the electric poles and transformers to their position on the imagery, creating spatial database for the study area. The developed system was tested by carrying out spatial analysis and spatial search using ArcGIS 10.1. The results obtained were displayed in graphics and tables. It was established from the result that Geographic Information System (GIS) has the capacity as an effective tool for management of electricity distribution system.
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Ekanem, Ekpenyong E., Usen F. Mbon, and Comfort R. Etor. "Perceived Electricity Supply Prices for Political Socialization in Education: University Functionality in Cross River State, Nigeria." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0012.
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This study examined electricity supply prices for political socialization in education and its implications for functionality in university education in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive survey research. The population included 942 head of departments in the two public universities located in Cross River State, Nigeria. Stratified sampling technique was used to select 250 respondents from the universities studied. The instrument designated ‘Electricity Prices For Political Socialization Questionnaire (EPFPSQ)’ was designed to collect data for the study. The instrument was validated and had a reliability co-efficient of 0.853. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and percentage score. The study revealed that electricity supply prices, through management techniques of cost effectiveness, cost efficiency, access to and control of education moderately empowered the university system for political socialization. Electricity prices showed inadequate contributions with weak impact on benefit-related factors for political socialization. Government did not provide support in electricity price reduction though encouraged investment in electricity supply through Power Holding Company Ltd (PHCN). It was concluded that the perception of electricity supply prices could guarantee political socialization towards functionality in university education. Some of the recommendations made were: universities should give attention to electricity supply prices for political socialization. Government should see electricity supply prices and political socialization as a sine-qua-non for functionality in university education.
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Jimoh, Boyi, Juliet N. Adegboye, and Babatunde A. Adegboye. "Analysis of the Effect of Environmental Factors on Outage Rates of Overhead Distribution Feeders: A Case Study of Zaria Distribution Network." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.120.
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The paper is aimed at analysing the environmental factors on the outage rates of the overhead distribution feeders. This was facilitated using daily outage data on the six 33kV feeders of the Zaria distribution system collected from the Zaria Transmission substation of the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) for twelve months. Outage models were developed from where power losses due to the feeder outages were obtained. Frequent and delayed forced outages occur during the rainy season, the peak being in August and during harmattan, especially in October. There were relatively high outage rates during the hot season, the maximum occurring in May. Feeders 2, 3 and 6 were most frequently on forced outages. The causes of the high outage rates are attributable to damages done to the overhead lines due to heavy winds, thunder strikes and other disturbances associated with rain. Other reasons include animal-caused outages, increase in the simultaneous use of weather sensitive devices, trees and vehicular accidents. As a result, energy loss was found to be 2947.62GWh, which translates to high revenue loss if the entire nation is considered. The forced outage rates are mapped to external environmental factors while the scheduled outages are due to the intrinsic factors. The paper proposes recommendations for minimizing the outage rates and hence improving the performance of the feeders.
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Udoyiu, Udoyiu Edem and Edward, Samuel Okposin. "The Impact of Privatization and Commercialization on the Performance of Public Enterprises: A Case Study of PHCN, Eket." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 15, no. 1 (2025): 1106–18. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2025.15.1.0811.
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Privatization and commercialisation have been widely adopted as policy measures to improve the efficiency of public enterprises. In Nigeria, these reforms were implemented to address inefficiencies, financial losses, and poor service delivery in state-owned enterprises. This study examines the impact of privatisation and commercialisation on public enterprises, focusing on the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Eket. The primary objective of this study is to assess whether privatisation and commercialization enhance the efficiency and service delivery of public enterprises while identifying key challenges that may hinder their effectiveness. A descriptive survey research design was employed to collect primary data through structured questionnaires administered to PHCN employees. The study used a census sampling method due to the small population size of 41 employees, with 34 completed questionnaires retrieved and analyzed using percentage distributions and statistical tools. Findings reveal that while 67.65% of respondents agree that privatisation and commercialisation improve efficiency, 58.82% do not believe that privatized organizations necessarily perform better than public enterprises. Furthermore, 76.47% of respondents do not attribute poor performance in public enterprises solely to political interference and resource mismanagement. The study indicates that while privatization and commercialization can lead to increased efficiency, their effectiveness depends on regulatory frameworks, investment in infrastructure, and market competitiveness. Skepticism remains due to poor implementation, monopolistic tendencies, and pricing concerns. Privatization and commercialization have the potential to enhance public enterprise performance, but their success requires transparent governance, strong regulations, and institutional reforms. A holistic approach integrating market-driven policies with government oversight is necessary for sustainable improvements. This study provides empirical evidence on employee perceptions of privatization in Nigeria’s power sector, highlighting the gap between policy intentions and practical outcomes, with recommendations for improving privatization strategies.
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Boschee, Pam. "Comments: What’s Holding Back Production Increases?" Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 06 (2022): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0622-0008-jpt.
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The big oil producers are balancing the chasing of more production with delivering dividends to shareholders. So far, the scale is tipping in favor of shareholders. While recent quarterly reports have made this clear, it was reemphasized at a US House Energy and Commerce Committee hearing in April when executives from Chevron, BP America, Devon Energy, ExxonMobil, Pioneer Natural Resources, and Shell USA addressed alleged “price gouging” at the gas pump and rejected pressure to shift their record profits from paying dividends and stock buybacks to ramp up production and lower prices. The executives’ statements ranged from “We can increase production and return value to our shareholders” (Chevron CEO Michael Wirth) to Devon Energy CEO Richard Muncrief and Pioneer Natural Resources CEO Scott Sheffield stating “the answer is no” when asked if they would reduce buybacks and dividends. Gretchen Watkins, Shell USA president, said her company intends to make investor returns and increase production and investments in renewable energy. Several of the executives pointed to their industry’s record losses during the pandemic when demand tanked (global fuel consumption fell by more than 25%) and West Texas Intermediate fell off a cliff to –$40/bbl on 20 April 2020 and slowly crept up. Even if the oil price drops, retail gas prices won’t immediately follow to stem the allegations of price gouging. Garrett Golding, a senior business economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, wrote, “In the energy economics world, this phenomenon is known as ‘rockets and feathers,’ where it is commonly observed that prices at the pump shoot up with oil prices like a rocket, but fall like a feather back to the ground after oil prices drop. There are two reasons for this scenario repeating itself during oil-price spikes: the macro-level logistics of how oil and refined products churn through the physical market and the micro-level economic decisions of service station owners and their customers.” Today, demand is strong even at average oil prices of about $103/bbl over the past 6 weeks. Now, the summer driving season is around the corner and consumers are eager to hit the road and fly the skies, finally free(r) of pandemic restrictions and concerns. Yet, the Permian rig count has remained fairly flat over the same period. Despite high oil prices (WTI just below $114/bbl on 17 May), drillers aren’t ramping up activity. Many interrelated factors affect supply and demand. Simplifying the complexity of the global market shines, at best, a narrow beam on some of the factors affecting production. The supply side is dealing with volatility of oil prices; the uncertainty of Europe’s energy supplies, including Europe’s potential embargo on Russian oil; the varied focus on energy transition; sustained fiscal restraint by smaller operators as they continue to reduce or avoid debt; the shortage of sand needed for fracturing in the North American shale plays; labor shortages; the reactivation of idled equipment; and supply chain disruptions. A supply bottleneck is affecting oil country tubular goods (OCTG), which have seen volatility related to the “weak domestic demand in China due to COVID-19 lockdowns and Chinese currency depreciation,” wrote Rystad senior analyst Marina Bozkurt in a recent market note. Business activity has been affected by shutdowns and logistics problems. “OCTG prices may remain pretty high this year, driven by higher costs of raw materials due to geopolitical tensions globally and government regulations to reduce carbon emissions.” Prices continue to increase at Japanese OCTG mills, where the focus is primarily on value-added products such as 13Cr material. Propping up prices are “tight global availability and strong demand. Despite a possible price fluctuation for raw materials, prices will unlikely cool down significantly as long as the Russia-Ukraine situation continues.” In an April report, the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas said the growing gap between OPEC+ production quotas and actual oil production is being driven by production capacity constraints in several OPEC+ countries, largely attributable to Angola, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia. Their capacity is limited by “infrastructure issues and the difficulty of attracting sufficient investment to offset production declines at existing wells.” The shortfall was nearly 1.1 million B/D in February, the most recent month for which there were official production data available. In May, JP Morgan lowered its outlook for 2022 global oil demand by 1 million B/D, citing higher oil prices, a weakening growth outlook, and escalating geopolitical tensions. How this plays out will affect producers’ appetite to increase or decrease their production or reconsider their priorities.
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Akinnuli, B. O., and T. C. Akintayo. "An Empirical Model for Industrial Generator’s Capacity Requirement Determination." Engineering Management Research 4, no. 2 (2015): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/emr.v4n2p70.
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<p>In our community today, the existence of Power Holding Company of Nigeria can only help for a short period when it is available. In some areas, it is not available at all. Therefore, there is always need for generator as back up or continuous use in our industries. Determination of capacity of generator to procure is always a problem. Some company by error purchased generators that cannot carry the load of their industries. This always led to load shed either on machines or the entire facilities they have. This is due to the fact that the capacity of the generator required was not predetermined and also the expansion of the companies in the nearest future was not considered. This had contributed to the low productivity of many companies because of their inability to meet their monthly as well as yearly production targets. Hence the development of a model for the appropriate generator capacity selection for industrial installation which is empirically oriented. Developing an empirical model for this selection involves adequate understanding of electrical load distributions, variations and utilities connected to the electrical load of the generator. Parameters for industrial generator capacity were identified, mathematical model for each parameter were determined and integrated to form a unique model for decision making. The identified parameters are: capacity utilization, diversity factors, deration factor and usage type. The scenarios for computation were three based on the type of load required. This load were identified to be existing load, new and future loads. The developed models were applied using Honeywell foods (FMCG) company as case study under the first scenario. The load analysis for both the non-factory and factory load gave Summation of 531.47kW with power factor of 0.8 gave a converted value of 664.34kVA. The total variation factor gotten is 0.765 with 0.85 capacity utilization factor and diversity factor was 0.9. Application of total variation factor gave the converted load of 664.kVA and new load value of 508 kVA. Using power factor of 0.8 resulted into 406kW the generator considerations were derating factor of 0.75 and usage type factor (which is continuous) is 1 or 100%. The final determined generator capacity for this case study using derating factor of 0.75 made the required capacity to be 677kVA, and 542kW.</p>
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Idongesit, Oto Eshiett, Y. Abubakar Mukhtar, Eyamba Eshiett Oto, and Ekanoye Adekemi. "Customer Satisfaction on Energy Sector Billing Process in Nigerian." International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM) 10, no. 3 (2023): 23–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8150414.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Customer satisfaction is the parameter used by marketing strategist to access the sustainability of product/service valuation and by extension the growth and overall development of the economy. The abysmal nature of the service provided by the Power Holdings Company of Nigeria PHCN to its customers is of great concern to researchers given the huge budgetary outlay apportioned to the sector; without valid result to match such huge disbursement/investments. The essence of study is to assess from the level of customer satisfaction by juxtaposing current billing process with the quantum of service provided by the energy sector, the study adapted the satisfaction function to elaborate on the disconfirmation theory as benchmark for evaluation. The issues to be examined in this study include; non-implementation of operational policy framework, mismatched billing parameters, and obsolete supply infrastructures. Descriptive survey technique was adapted to retrieve and collate data for analysis; using systematic review process, by adapting PRISMA protocol to accommodate diverse field of studies. The outcome of the study revealed that there is no correlation between service provided and the amount billed customers in the Nigerian Energy sector. Hence, the study recommended that; customer satisfaction could be actualized, if service providers in the energy sector could embark on a holistic measure; that will equate amount billed as energy used by customer, with the exact value of service provided by the sector to households<em>. </em>Identified gaps in the study were analyzed, to set the tone for future research. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Customer Satisfaction; Billing process; Sustainability; Disconfirmation, Nigerian Energy sector. <strong>Title:</strong> Customer Satisfaction on Energy Sector Billing Process in Nigerian <strong>Author:</strong> Idongesit Oto Eshiett, Mukhtar Y. Abubakar, Oto Eyamba Eshiett, Adekemi Ekanoye <strong>International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)</strong> <strong>ISSN 2349-7807</strong> <strong>Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2023 - September 2023</strong> <strong>Page No: 23-44</strong> <strong>Paper Publications </strong> <strong>Website: www.paperpublications.org</strong> <strong>Published Date: 15-July-2023</strong> <strong>DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8150414</strong> <strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong> <strong>https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/Customer%20Satisfaction-15072023-7.pdf</strong>
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JPT staff, _. "E&P Notes (March 2021)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 03 (2021): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0321-0014-jpt.
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KrisEnergy Pumps Cambodia’s First Crude in 17 Years A Cambodian concession has commenced production after years of delays in a venture between Singapore’s KrisEnergy and the government. The crude comes from oil fields in Block A, comprising 3083 km2 of the Khmer basin in the oil-rich Gulf of Thailand, off the southwestern coast of Sihanoukville. The concession will progress in phases once new wells are commissioned and completed. Kelvin Tang, chief executive of KrisEnergy’s Cambodian operations, called the 29 December event “an important strategic milestone” for the company, while Prime Minister Hun Sen hailed the first extraction as “a new achievement for Cambodia’s economy” and “a huge gift for our nation.” Ironbark Australian Exploration Well Declared Dry; Co-Owner Stocks Plummet BP has come up dry at its Ironbark-1 exploration well, the anticipated multi-trillion-scf prospect off the west Australian Pilbara coast. The disappointing prospect was once seen as a potential gas supplier to the emptying North West Shelf (NWS) LNG plant, where BP is a co-owner, within 5 to 10 years. After 2 months of drilling to a total depth of 5618 m, “no significant hydrocarbon shows were encountered in any of the target sands,” according to co-owner New Zealand Oil and Gas (NZOG). Petrorecôncavo Buys Petrobras’ Onshore Bahian Stake for $30 Million Brazilian operator Petrobras on 23 December signed a contract with independent producer Petrorecôncavo to sell its entire stake in 12 onshore E&P fields, the Remanso Cluster, in the state of Bahia. The sale value for the fields was $30 million; $4 million was paid on signing, $21 million at the closing of the transaction, and $5 million will be paid 1 year after that. The Remanso Cluster comprises the onshore fields of Brejinho, Canabrava, Cassarongongo, Fazenda Belém, Gomo, Mata de São João, Norte Fazenda Caruaçu, Remanso, Rio dos Ovos, Rio Subaúma, São Pedro, and Sesmaria. Zion Spuds the Israeli Megiddo-Jezreel #2 Well On 6 January, Zion Oil and Gas officially spudded the MegiddoJezreel #2 on its 99,000acre MegiddoJezreel license area in Israel. “With unique operating conditions in the COVID19 environment, our crews have performed an amazing task,” Zion CEO Robert Dunn said. “Mobilizing a rig into a new country during a pandemic and rigging up is the most challenging part of the drilling operation,” Zion’s vice president of operations, Monty Kness, added. Exxon Declares a Dud at Second Guyana Well Exxon Mobil said on 15 January that its exploration well in the prolific Stabroek Block off Guyana’s coast did not find oil in its target area. Exxon, which operates the Stabroek Block in a consortium with Hess and China’s CNOOC, has made 18 discoveries in the area in 5 years, totaling more than 8 billion BOE, for a combined potential for producing up to 750,000 B/D of crude. The Hassa1 exploration well was the giant’s second setback to its drilling campaign in recent months. Heirs Holdings Buys 45% of Shell Nigeria’s OML 17 Field Shell Nigeria announced on 15 January it had completed a $533 million sale of its stakes in an onshore OML 17 oil field in Nigeria to African strategic investor Heirs Holdings, Nigeria’s largest publicly listed conglomerate. The deal is one of the largest oil and gas financings in Africa in more than a decade, with a financing component of $1.1 billion provided by a consortium of global and regional banks and investors. Heirs Holdings, in partnership with Transcorp, one of the largest power producers in Nigeria with 2000 MW of installed capacity, purchased 45% stake in the field. It acquired the stakes of Shell, Total, and Eni to further its expansion into the oil and gas industry. Apex Discovers Oil in Egypt’s Western Desert Privately held independent E&P firm Apex International Energy, backed in part by UK energy investment firm Blue Water Energy, on 18 January announced a discovery in the Southeast Meleiha Concession (SEM) in the western desert of Egypt. The discovery was made at the SEMZ-11X well located 10 km west of Zarif field, the nearest producing field. The well was drilled to a total depth of 5,700 ft and encountered 65 ft of oil pay in the Cretaceous sandstones of the Bahariya and Abu Roash G formations. Testing of the Bahariya resulted in a peak rate of 2,100 B/D with no water. Additional uphole pay exists in the Bahariya and Abu Roash G formations that can be added to the production stream in the future. Kosmos Announces Oil at Winterfell Well Dallas-based E&P independent Kosmos Energy announced on 19 January an oil discovery in deepwater US Gulf of Mexico. The Winterfell discovery well, the product of infrastructure-led exploration (ILX), was drilled to a total depth of approximately 23,000 ft and is located in approximately 5,300 ft of water. This subsalt Upper Miocene prospect in off-shore Louisiana encountered approximately 85 ft of net oil pay in two intervals. ILX exploration, which has featured prominently in upstream operators’ portfolios in recent years of relatively low oil prices, is exploration around producing hubs that can be hooked up to those facilities easily and cheaply. The development sidesteps the need for costly and time-consuming individual hub construction. Equinor Gets Permit To Drill North Sea Wildcat Well The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate has granted Equinor a drilling permit for wildcat well 31/11-1 S in the North Sea offshore Norway, 62 km south of the Troll field. The drilling program is the first exploration well to be drilled in production license 785 S, awarded on 6 February 2015 (APA 2014). Operator Equinor and Total E&P Norge are 50/50 partners in the license, which consists of parts of Blocks 26/2 and 31/11. Petrobras, ExxonMobil Hit Hydrocarbons at Urissanê Well, Offshore Brazil Brazilian state-owned Petrobras announced on 29 January it had discovered hydrocarbons in a well located in the Campos Basin presalt off Brazil’s coast of Campos dos Gotyacaze in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Well 1-BRSA-1377-RJS (informally called Urissanê) is located in Block C-M-411, at a depth of 2950 m approximately 200 km offshore. Petrobras, which operates the block in a 50/50 partnership with Exxon Mobil, said it would analyze the well data to better target exploratory activities and assess the potential of the discovery. BP Offloads 20% Share of Oman’s Block 61 To PTTEP Marking another significant step in its divestment program, BP will sell a 20% participating interest in Oman’s 3950 km2 Block 61 in central Oman to Thailand’s national PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) for $2.59 billion. BP will remain operator of the block, holding a 40% interest. The sale comprises $2.45 billion payable on completion and $140 million payable contingent on preagreed conditions. After the sale, BP will hold 40% interest in Block 61, while OQ holds 30%, PTTEP 20%, and Petronas 10%. Block 61 contains the largest tight gas development in the Middle East.
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F. O., Ifeanyieze, Nwachukwu C. U., Onah F. C., et al. "Effect of Bank Holding Company Structure on Farmers’ Financial Welfare in Nigeria." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 512 (December 5, 2019): 1723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.512.1723.1733.
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This study examines the impact of bank holding structure on the financial welfare of farmers. We used an expost facto research design and studied all the 18 deposit money banks in Nigeria. We used dummy variable to measure bank conglomerate structure for the period between 2001 and 2018. We also identified the features of financial holding companies based on firms’ specific variables including portfolio condition, competitive standing, equity characteristics and sizes. Based on our analysis, bank holding structures significantly and positively affect banks’ propensity to create risk assets to farmers (coefficient=0.34; p-value less 5%). This implies that ring fencing banks leads to increase in credit availability to farmers and consequently their welfare advancement in Nigeria. Banks with holding structure have competitive advantage and this competiveness benefits farmers significantly (coefficient=0.05; p-value < 0.05). Our analysis also shows that banks with holding structures diversify into non-interest source of revenue, which yields positive and significant effect on farmers’ financial welfare (coefficient= 2.05). Thus, diversifying conglomerating banks can outperform their peers in terms of risk asset making for farmers to extent that relative to non conglomerate banks, up to 2.05% of credit is allocated to farmers for every unit change in bank market due to holding structures. Variation in deposit demands, and gross assets were found to advance loans to farmers. However, default risks and liquidity risk of conglomerate banks limits their credit availability to farmers, which implies that conglomerate banks are highly sensitive to liquidity and default risks. We also found that conglomerate banks allocates risks asset to farmers based on the national economic growth level. Thus, as the economy improves conglomerate banks’ desire to make risk assets to farmers also increases. We recommend that regulators should improve economic growth in order to draw banks into lending to farmers. Conglomerate banks should be protected from default shocks and liquidity risks in order to encourage them to lend more to farmers.
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Nkem, Ikueze Evelyn, and Egungwu Ngozi Ursula. "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CASH HOLDINGS OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA." American Journal of Accounting 1, no. 1 (2017): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajacc.246.
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Purpose: The study examined the effect of corporate governance on cash holding by using observation from 2012 to 2015 from five Nigerian quoted Manufacturing Companies. To achieve this goal the following factors on cash holdings were examined: Board’s compensation, female board members, board’s size, board’s ownership, board’s educational level and board’s age.Methodology: The secondary data used were taken from companies websites, annual reports and financial statements. Multiple regression model based on panel data analysis was applied to assess the aforementioned relationship and their significance were determined.Results: The achieved findings indicated that presence of female board members, boards educational level, board compensation and board’s age (working experience) have positive influence on cash holding Board’s size and board’s ownership have negative influence on cash holding. The study further identified board’s ownership as a determinant of cash holding in Nigerian manufacturing companies. Hence, the higher the interest of directors in acquisition of shares of a company, the more the cash holding of that company.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends a yearly review of the dividend policy of the manufacturing companies to improve the dividend payout as an encouragement to shareholders.
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Oladejo, Mutiat Titilope. "Tradition of Concubine Holding in Hausa Society (Nigeria), 1900 – 1930." AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities 9, no. 1 (2020): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v9i1.12.
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This paper examined the tradition of holding women as concubine in Muslim societies of the Hausa. Concubine holding changed the status of women and was acquired by slavery. This paper analysed concubine holding as a phenomenon that challenged female status in Hausa society. It put into perspective, the trajectories of concubine holding from the legends in the tradition of origin. It analysed the rights and privileges accrued to a concubine. And by the beginning of the twentieth century, the question of concubine holding was conveniently desirable under Islamic law and while the British law attempted to change the practices as part of efforts to abolish slavery. Thus, the paper contended that; concubine holding was part of the accepted norms in the sexual notions, which specifically privileged women to change their status and negotiate power in Hausa society. The paper adopted the historical approach by analysing court records, archival materials of the Nigerian National Archives, Kaduna, as well as books and journals relevant to the theme.
 Keywords: Concubine holding, British law, Islamic law, Hausa society
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Cheremisin, Vasily, and Evgeny Tretyakov. "Implementation of the method of adaptive management of electric power transmission in distribution electric networks of railways." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823901011.
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The separation of the electric grid cluster rendering services related to transmission of electric power through electric grids from the railways electric power supply system within the Russian Railways holding will make it possible to proceed with to the modernization of the distribution electric networks of the railways at the expense of the investment component of the tariff. The innovative development of the grid company of the Russian Railways holding company is to be synchronized with its technological indicators with PJSC FGC UES and PJSC Rosseti and is aimed at creating a stable, efficient, flexible and intelligent electric power infrastructure. The aim of the present research is to increase the efficiency of electric power transmission in the distribution electric networks of railways due to the adaptive control of the regulators of the operation mode parameters. The implementation of the method of adaptive control of electric power transmission in distribution electric networks of railways based on the agent approach is presented.
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Afanasieva, Anastasia Yu. "ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF «SOFT POWER» REPORTS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ON THE STRATEGY OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2/1, no. 155 (2025): 4–8. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2025.02.01.001.
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This article presents a study of all levels of the influence of the “soft power” of sustainability reports on railway companies. The example on which the influence of “soft power” was examined was the holding company JSC “Russian Railways” – the leader in passenger transportation in Russia.
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Amalia Dwilesmana and Bagus Dwi Cahyono. "ANALISIS SISTEM INSTALASI LISTRIK GEDUNG BERTINGKAT DI PT. MULTI GROUP HOLDING COMPANY." Jurnal Penelitian Rumpun Ilmu Teknik 2, no. 2 (2023): 124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/juprit.v2i2.1768.
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The electrical installation system is a process of distributing electrical power generated from an electric power source to electrical devices or loads. The main purpose of lighting electrical installations is to provide comfort in situations that require accuracy, lighting that has a high intensity is needed, while for jobs that require accuracy, there is no need to use lights that have a large brightness. The installation is divided into two parts, namely electrical power installation and lighting installation. Indoor installations are electrical installations inside buildings (including for lighting, terraces and others) while installations outside buildings are installations used to run electrical machines including here installations to service electric motors in factories, water pumps, etc., on machines.
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Shipton, Parker, and Mitzi Goheen. "Introduction. Understanding African Land-Holding: Power, Wealth, and Meaning." Africa 62, no. 3 (1992): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159746.
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Africa is the region with the sparsest overall population, but to infer that Africa has no problems of rural land shortage would be quite wrong. The continent has the highest and fastest-rising rate of population growth—lately over 3 per cent annually—and the distribution of people across the continent is quite uneven. At least as far as rain-fed lands are concerned, some of its local densities already count among the world's highest. Several of its nations—for instance Kenya, Tanzania, and Nigeria—encompass within their borders a full spectrum from range land or desert with fewer than five per square kilometre to better-watered settlements of over 500 per square kilometre, where domestic groups have space for little more than kitchen gardens.
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Gershbaum, L. A., A. G. Kats, V. I. Kuryaev, and V. I. Ostashkov. "Development of compressor production at Penzkompressormash Holding Company." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 31, no. 11 (1995): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01155762.
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LUCKY, ABIOLUWAJUMI PH.D. "AN ASSESSMENT OF THE PRIVATIZATION OF THE POWER SECTOR IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF BENIN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION COMPANY (BEDC)." Global Journal of Arts Humanity and Social Sciences 4, no. 10 (2024): 821–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13959434.
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The papers assess the privatization of the power sector in Nigeria with a view to find out if it is achieving the purpose for its adoption and the challenges facing it. The multifarious challenges facing the power sector such as low capacity generation of power, transmission, distribution near total darkness, and the issuance of estimated billing system. This paper viewed the unbundling of NEPA into eighteen (18) Successor Company. Eleven Distribution Companies (DISCOs) and six generation company (GENCOs) and its effect on the citizens and the economy. The methodology adopted in this study was survey research design. The elite theory and the Total Quality Management theory were the theoretical framework. This paper shows that the earlier assumptions that privatization led to regular power supply is not true. The paper also revealed that the use of estimated billing system, the reluctant behavior of Discos to supply pre-paid meters to their customers, the use of casual staff by Discos, the use or obsolete infrastructure, and the inefficient supervision of the value chain by the Transmission Company of Nigeria are some of the challenges faced by the power sector. The paper recommends proper supervision, sanctions were necessary, sanctions were necessary for violations, refusal to provide pre-paid meters, the transfer of pre-paid meter to new apartment by their customers, and the use of renewable energy to increase power supply.
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Azadeh, Ali, and Hasti Foroozan. "Assessing the impact of the information technology on organisational systems: a power holding company." International Journal of Business Information Systems 19, no. 4 (2015): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbis.2015.070203.
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U. V., Esara,, Asuquo, M. E., Obonah, F. F., and Eshiet, H. T. "Power Outage and Vandalism in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 3 (2024): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/jarms-ohn9kdmm.
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There are prevalent cases of vandalism on the national grid which usually throws Akwa Ibom State and Nigeria into darkness due to power outages. Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) is facing serious challenges of vandalism on electricity facilities across the country as it affects power supply, a situation that has become a social problem affecting both the rich and the poor. This study was conducted to examine the cause of power outage in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Participants were selected using multiple sampling techniques; this includes purposive, snow-ball and simple sampling techniques. Primary data were collected through interview and participant observation. Secondary data were collected from extant literature to make it more scientific. The study recommends that the government should provide a security network that would protect electricity facilities across the state. Government should prosecute any vandal caught sabotaging electricity facilities in the state.
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Ajibo, Kenneth Ikechukwu, Oluchukwu Precious Obioma, and Etoroabasi Godfrey Akpabio. "A Legal Critique of the Role of a Company Secretary in Corporate Governance in Nigeria." African Journal of Legal Studies 17, no. 2 (2025): 220–44. https://doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340115.
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Abstract A company secretary was traditionally viewed as a mere servant with no more than a clerical and administrative role. However, that narrative has shifted with the plethora of statutory and judicial recognition of the secretary as an officer of a company with clearly defined roles. A company secretary is expected to function as a corporate governance officer in addition to handling secretarial and administrative tasks. This expanded position requires wider professional skills and competencies to handle evolving duties. In Nigeria, the company secretary is controlled by the board of directors, which has the power to hire and fire under the Company and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) 2020. This paper critically analyses these responsibilities and strict restrictions imposed by the CAMA on a company secretary. It uses a doctrinal approach to argue that the tendency of the secretary to protect the board’s interests at the expense of stakeholders is a serious flaw in Nigerian company law. Comparatively, the role of the company secretary in the United Kingdom is more balanced and established than in Nigeria. The paper recommends the amendment of the CAMA to make the company secretary more independent and effective to achieve the company’s primary objectives.
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Purba, Feviana Betsi, Luciana Andrawina, and Murni Dwi Astuti. "AN OPTIMAL ORDER QUANTITY OF SPARE PARTS TO MINIMIZE TOTAL INVENTORY COST USING PERIODIC REVIEW APPROACH (R,s,S) METHOD IN PT XYZ BANDUNG." International Journal of Innovation in Enterprise System 2, no. 01 (2018): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/ijies.v2i01.18.
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The availability of spare parts is very crucial thing for manufacturing company in order to support the continuity of production activities. PT XYZ is a manufacturing company which produces thread into fabric. In this case, inventory control of spare part is not properly managed. Inventory position of spare parts in warehouse is always more than inventory policy of the company itself or called overstock which causes total inventory cost is always high. Company only consider on the order fulfillment of spare parts to prevent downtime on the machine that increase performance of production. Hence, order quantity of spare parts is always excessive or not optimal. In this research, global inventory policy conducted in order to minimize total inventory cost is periodic review approach (R, s, S) method. This inventory policy will be calculated using power approximation and obtained total saving cost of holding cost by 31 % while total saving cost of order cost decreased by 7 %. Overall, total inventory cost minimized
 by 7 % or equal to Rp138.902.742.
 
 Keywords—Inventory, Overstock, Spare Parts, Periodic Review, Power Approximation
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Heras, Raúl Garcia. "Foreign Business-Host Government Relations: The Anglo Argentine Tramways Co. Ltd. of Buenos Aires, 1930–1966." Itinerario 19, no. 1 (1995): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300021197.
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From 1880 to 1930, Argentina received hundreds of millions of pounds of British investments, making it in an economic sense a British dominion. The world economic crisis of the 1930s forced both Britain and Argentina t o reconsider many of these economic ties. The changing Anglo-Argentine relationship is reflected in the complex relations between a British tramway company, the Anglo Argentine Tramways Co. Ltd., that operated in Buenos Aires and the Argentine national government between the onset of the Great Depression and the early 1960s. The Anglo, as the company was popularly known, was the main tramway concern diat offered public transportation and contributed to the urban development of a cosmopolitan Latin American metropolis until 1914. Second, the history of the company illustrates political and economic problems that plagued the links between foreign public utilities and the host government from the 1930s onwards. Third, since the Anglo belonged to SOFINA, a transnational holding company with worldwide investments in public transportation and electric power stations, our case study shows the limitations of Sofina's political power in Britain and Argentina.
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Ogundola, Ilesanmi Peter, and Adewale Dolapo Boyejo. "Power Distribution Network and Production Chain Analysis in an Industrial Company." International Journal of Energy and Environmental Research 12, no. 2 (2024): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijeer.13/vol12n28389.
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This project report examines the power distribution network in production companies in Nigeria, with emphasis on electrical parts and its production chain. The study aims to identify the challenges associated with the power distribution system and the effects on the company's operations. Research methodology included a combination of secondary research with a literature review and analysis of primary data collected through surveys. The findings of the study revealed that power distribution is essential to the company operations, and the current power infrastructure requires attention. This project offers a comprehensive analysis of the power distribution network, unearths the problems that this company faces, and provides recommendations that can enhance the reliability of electricity distribution and, in turn, the production chain. The research recommends investments in modern power infrastructure and the adoption of energy-efficient practices to enhance production chains and ultimately reduce energy costs.
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Akudo, Onwuka Immaculater, Dauda Moses, Amos Danlami Agbu, and Umar Salisu. "Assessment of Tools and Equipment Utilization for Effective Electric Power Distribution in Yola Electricity Distribution Company, Adamawa State, Nigeria." Studies in Social Science Research 2, no. 3 (2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sssr.v2n3p1.
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The main purpose of this study was to assess the utilization of tools and equipment for effective electric power distribution by Yola Electricity Distribution Company in Adamawa State. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 69 consisting of 46 technicians and 23 supervisors in Yola Electricity Distribution Company. Due to the manageable size of the population, there was no sampling; hence, the whole population was used for the study. A structured questionnaire developed by the researchers titled “Utilization of Tools and Equipment for Effective Distribution of Electricity Questionnaire (UTEEDEQ)” was used as the instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts and a reliability of 0.89 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha reliability method. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study revealed that Yola Electricity Distribution Company utilizes the following tools for effective distribution of electric power distribution: Ladder, Hand Gloves, Safety Belt, Ammeter, Ohmmeter, Voltmeter, Spanners, Screwdrivers, among others; Yola Electricity Distribution Company utilizes the following equipment for effective distribution of electric power distribution: Supply Voltage Detector, Distribution Transformer, Power Transformer, Battery Rectifier, Supply Voltage, Circuit Breaker, Spring Charger, Trip Circuit, Low Pressure Gas Indicator among other. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made: YEDC should provide more equipment for effective distribution of electric power especially utility vehicles and other equipment necessary for effective electric power distributions.
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ХАЛИКОВА, Э. А., and П. А. ШАТСКИХ. "ANALYTICAL TOOLS FOR THE FORMATION OF A BUSINESS PLAN IN A HOLDING COMPANY." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 5(154) (July 1, 2023): 774–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.154.5.152.
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Статья посвящена разработке аналитической панели в формате дашборда, используемого для обоснованного выбора сценарного варианта объемов продаж с учетом аналитики товарных номенклатурных позиций в разрезе SKU, исходя из покупательской способности и уровня сезонности в холдинговой компании. Предлагаемый аналитический инструментарий необходим для формирования бизнес-плана холдинговой компании и организации мониторинга исполнения бизнес-плана и ключевых показателей исполнения бизнес-плана – уровня маржинальности товарной группы. The article is devoted to the development of an analytical panel in the dashboard format, used for the reasonable choice of a scenario variant of sales volumes, taking into account the analysis of commodity nomenclature items in the context of SKU, based on the purchasing power and the level of seasonality in the holding company. The proposed analytical tools are necessary for the formation of the holding company's business plan and the organization of monitoring the execution of the business plan and key indicators of the execution of the business plan - the marginality level of the product group.
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Lanciotti, Norma S. "Foreign Investments in Electric Utilities: A Comparative Analysis of Belgian and American Companies in Argentina, 1890–1960." Business History Review 82, no. 3 (2008): 503–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500082623.
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This article analyzes the performance of foreign electric-utility companies and the evolution of the electric-power industry in Argentina from 1890 until the end of the 1950s, when the electric utilities were nationalized. It focuses on the decisions and strategies of the subsidiaries controlled by two holding companies: the Société Financière de Transports et d'Entreprises Industrielles (SOFINA) and the American & Foreign Power Company. The study suggests that the divergence in the performance of these two companies was determined both by their investment patterns and by their financial styles and management decisions. The impact of private decisions and public regulation on the Argentinean electric-power system is also explored.
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Emmanuel, E. Ekanem*1 Akinwunmi O. Fajola2 Rebecca Ogbimi3 &. Julius I. OgievaB4. "USE OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR THE PROVISION OF COST-EFFECTIVE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY POWER SUPPLY IN HEALTH FACILITIES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD- LESSONS FROM A COMMUNITY COTTAGE HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT 4, no. 4 (2017): 32–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.546865.
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Erratic public electric power supply has been a perennial problem in Nigeria since its creation by the British in 1914. It affects all sectors of the economy including the health sector with important dependence on fossil fuel driven generators as alternative or back up, with adverse consequences including emission of toxic gases, noise and high costs. Clean and renewable power sources have been recommended as viable and better alternatives. In a Community Cottage Hospital in southern Nigeria, jointly run by Shell Petroleum Development Company and the Rivers State of Nigeria, solar power introduced in 2010 as alternative electricity supply system. From an average of sixteen hours of power supply a day, a twenty-four electricity power supply a day was achieved since then with a continuing reduction in dependence in fossil fuel. Cost of power was also reduced from 300- 1500 to 180-500 a month. Patronage of the facility by the public has also increased since the installations. Solar energy systems are easy to install, operate and maintain by small and medium size institutions. With abundant sunlight all year round, this model is recommended for supply of electric power and solar pumps for hospitals, households and similar institutions in Nigeria and the environments.
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Alexander, Malcolm, Georgina Murray, and John Houghton. "Business power in Australia: The concentration of company directorship holding among the top 250 corporates." Australian Journal of Political Science 29, no. 1 (1994): 40–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00323269408402279.
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