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Books on the topic 'Power line carrier'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Merkulov, Anton G., Yuri P. Shkarin, Sergey E. Romanov, Vasiliy A. Kharlamov, and Yuri V. Nazarov. High Voltage Digital Power Line Carrier Channels. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58365-1.

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2

Carcelle, Xavier. Power line communications in practice. Boston: Artech House, 2009.

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3

C, Ferreira H., ed. Power line communications: Theory and applications for narrowband and broadband communications over power lines. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley, 2010.

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4

Farrar, Andrew. Evaluation techniques: Fixed service systems to power-line-carrier circuits. [Annapolis, MD]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 1985.

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5

Limerick), International Symposium on Power-line Communications and its Applications (4th 2000 University of. Proceedings 2000 International Symposium on Power-line Communications and its Applications. Limerick, Ireland: Dept. of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, 2000.

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6

IEEE, International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications (11th 2007 Pisa Italy). 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications: Pisa, Italy, 26-28 March 2007. Piscataway, N.J., USA: IEEE, 2007.

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7

South Africa) IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications (17th 2013 Johannesburg. 2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications (ISPLC 2013): Johannesburg, South Africa, 24-27 March 2013. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2013.

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8

Dian li tong xin. Beijing Shi: Guo fang gong ye chu ban she, 2009.

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9

Lyon, J. Vanessa. Figuring Faith and Female Power in the Art of Rubens. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462985513.

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Figuring Faith and Female Power in the Art of Rubens argues that the Baroque painter, propagandist, and diplomat, Peter Paul Rubens, was not only aware of rapidly shifting religious and cultural attitudes toward women, but actively engaged in shaping them. Today, Rubens’s paintings continue to be used -- and abused -- to prescribe and proscribe certain forms of femininity. Repositioning some of the artist’s best-known works within seventeenth-century Catholic theology and female court culture, this book provides a feminist corrective to a body of art historical scholarship in which studies of gender and religion are often mutually exclusive. Moving chronologically through Rubens’s lengthy career, the author shows that, in relation to the powerful women in his life, Rubens figured the female form as a transhistorical carrier of meaning whose devotional and rhetorical efficacy was heightened rather than diminished by notions of female difference and particularity.

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10

Pantoja, Segundo. Religion and education among Latinos in New York City. Leiden: Brill, 2005.

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11

Dostert, Klaus, Franzis Verlag, and Klaus M. Dostert. Power Line Communications. Prentice Hall PTR, 2001.

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12

Merkulov, Anton G., Yuri P. Shkarin, Sergey E. Romanov, Vasiliy A. Kharlamov, and Yuri V. Nazarov. High Voltage Digital Power Line Carrier Channels. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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13

Shkarin, Yuri P. Shkarin, Anton G. Merkulov, Sergey E. Romanov, Vasiliy A. Kharlamov, and Yuri V. Nazarov. High Voltage Digital Power Line Carrier Channels. Springer International Publishing AG, 2020.

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14

Troubleshooting Home Automation-A Complete Guide to Diagnosing and Solving Power Line Carrier Problems. Approaching, Inc., 1998.

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15

Berger, Lars Torsten, Daniel Schneider, Andreas Schwager, and Pascal Pagani. MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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16

Berger, Lars Torsten, Daniel Schneider, Andreas Schwager, and Pascal Pagani. MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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17

Berger, Lars Torsten, Daniel Schneider, Andreas Schwager, and Pascal Pagani. MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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18

Berger, Lars Torsten. Mimo Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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19

MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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20

Berger, Lars Torsten, Daniel Schneider, Andreas Schwager, and Pascal Pagani. MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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21

Berger, Lars Torsten, Daniel Schneider, Andreas Schwager, and Pascal Pagani. MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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22

Podszeck, Heinrich-Karl. Carrier Communication over Power Lines. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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23

Carrie's Courage: Battling the Powers of Bigotry (1923) (Sisters in Time #19). Barbour Publishing, Incorporated, 2005.

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24

Sarkar, B. K., and Reena Singh. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Current Status. Namya Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56962/9789355451118.

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Abstract: The hazardous effects of pollutants from conventional fuel vehicles have caused the scientific world to move towards environmentally friendly energy sources. Though we have various renewable energy sources, the perfect one to use as an energy source for vehicles is hydrogen. Like electricity, hydrogen is an energy carrier that has the ability to deliver incredible amounts of energy. On-board hydrogen storage in vehicles is an important factor that should be considered when designing fuel cell vehicles. In this study, a recent development in hydrogen fuel cell engines is reviewed to scrutinize the feasibility of using hydrogen as a major fuel in transportation systems. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that can produce electricity by allowing chemical gases and oxidants as reactants. With anodes and electrolytes, the fuel cell splits the cation and the anion in the reactant to produce electricity. Fuel cells use reactants, which are not harmful to the environment and produce water as a product of the chemical reaction. As hydrogen is one of the most efficient energy carriers, the fuel cell can produce direct current (DC) power to run the electric car. By integrating a hydrogen fuel cell with batteries and the control system with strategies, one can produce a sustainable hybrid car.

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25

Citton, Yves. Politics as Hypergestural Improvisation in the Age of Mediocracy. Edited by George E. Lewis and Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.006.

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This chapter draws on the analysis of musical improvisation, as practiced within “free jazz,” in order to shed light on a politics of the multitudes. It suggests that we should consider media-intensive Western “democracies” as “mediocracies,” within which political affects are carried through the communication of gestures. A Spinozist analysis of collective agency in societies of control leads to articulating nine steps toward a political sharpening of the reference to “improvisation.” For politics to benefit from the powers unleashed and theorized by improvisers, it needs to devise a new vocabulary and a new imaginary of human cooperation, which this chapter attempts to sketch in its broadest lines, inspired by authors and creators like Guerino Mazzola, Anthony Braxton, Derek Bailey, Lawrence “Butch” Morris, Michel Foucault, Bruno Latour, and Antonio Negri.

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26

Meiton, Fredrik. Electrical Palestine. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520295889.001.0001.

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Like electricity, political power travels through physical materials whose properties govern its flow. Electrical Palestine charts the construction of Palestine’s electric grid in the interwar period and its implication in the area’s rapid and uneven development. It does so in an effort to rethink both the origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict and the interplay of politics, capital, and technology more broadly. The study follows the coevolution of the power system and Zionist state building efforts in Palestine on the conceptual and material level. Conceptually, the design and construction of the system shaped Palestine as a precisely bounded entity with a distinct political, social, and economic character. Materially, the borders of the mandate were mapped onto the power system and structured an ethno-national division of capital, land, and labor. In 1948, these coevolving forces ultimately carried over into Jewish statehood and Palestinian statelessness.

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27

Pantoja, Segundo. Religion and Education Among Latinos in New York City. Brill Academic Publishers, 2005.

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28

Frei, Gabriela A. Great Britain, International Law, and the Evolution of Maritime Strategic Thought, 1856–1914. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859932.001.0001.

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The book addresses the interaction between international maritime law and maritime strategy in a historical context, arguing that both international law and maritime strategy are based on long-term state interests. Great Britain as the predominant sea power in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries shaped the relationship between international law and maritime strategy like no other power. The book explores how Great Britain used international maritime law as an instrument of foreign policy to protect its strategic and economic interests, and how maritime strategic thought evolved in parallel to the development of international legal norms. The book offers an analysis of British state practice as well as an examination of the efforts of the international community to codify international maritime law in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As the predominant sea power and also the world’s largest carrier of goods, Great Britain had to balance its interests as both a belligerent and a neutral power. With the growing importance of international law in international politics, the book examines the role of international lawyers, strategists, and government officials who shaped state practice. Great Britain’s neutrality for most of the period between 1856 and 1914 influenced its state practice and its perceptions of a future maritime conflict. Yet, the codification of international maritime law at The Hague and London conferences at the beginning of the twentieth century demanded a reassessment of Great Britain’s legal position.

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29

Roberts Forde, Kathy, and Sid Bedingfield, eds. Journalism and Jim Crow. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252044106.001.0001.

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After Reconstruction, white publishers and editors used their newspapers to build, nurture, and protect white supremacist political economies and social orders across the South that lasted for generations. Black journalists fought these regimes as they were being built. The stakes could not have been higher: The future of liberal democracy in the newly restored United States was on the line. Journalism & Jim Crow is the first extended work to examine the foundational role of the press at this critical turning point in U.S. history. It documents the struggle between two different journalisms—a white journalism dedicated to building an anti-Black, anti-democratic America and a Black journalism dedicated to building a multiracial, fully democratic America. The southern white press and its political and business allies carried the day, effectively killing democracy in the South for nearly a century and crafting a racial hierarchy that inflected modern America and endures today. This study of journalism, democracy, and race during a tragic, consequential moment in our nation’s past, as the ideology of the New South spread throughout the country, will help readers think in new ways about two important concerns: the complicated relationship between journalism and power in American democracy and the systems and structures of white supremacy in American life. The unpleasant truth is that journalism in America has often not been devoted to democratic values.

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30

Paulson, CAJ. Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies. Edited by RA Durie, DJ Williams, AY Smith, and P. McMullan. CSIRO Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105027.

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The control of greenhouse gas emissions continues to be a major global problem. It is inter-disciplinary, both in substance and approach, and covers technical, political and economic issues involving governments, industry and the scientific community. These proceedings contain 220 papers presented at the 5th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-5) held in August 2000 at Cairns, Queensland, Australia. The papers cover the capture of carbon dioxide, geological storage of carbon dioxide, ocean storage of carbon dioxide, storage of carbon dioxide with enhanced hydrocarbon recovery, utilisation of carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases, fuel cells, alternative energy carriers, energy efficiency, life cycle assessments and energy modelling, economics, international and national policy, trading and accounting policy, social and community issues, and reducing emission from industry and power generation.

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31

Doody, Colleen. Business, Anti-Communism, and the Welfare State, 1945–1958. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037276.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on the Detroit business community's opposition to the growth of the government. These men made little distinction between the New Deal, Socialism, and Communism. The former, they argued, would ultimately lead to the latter. As a result, Detroit businessmen during the late 1940s and 1950s carried out a campaign to check state power. They targeted labor, particularly the United Automobile Workers (UAW), in this fight because they saw the union as one of the greatest advocates of an expanded welfare state. Like other conservatives, these men were anti-Communists. Their hostility to Communism was inextricably linked to their perception that free enterprise, as they understood it, was threatened by an expanding welfare state. Corporate managers discussed such issues as social security, unemployment insurance, and peacetime price controls—all measures they saw as part of the “march toward socialism or collectivism” and that labor-liberals believed were key to creating a modern welfare state.

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32

March, Jennifer R. Sophocles: Oedipus Tyrannus. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789622546.001.0001.

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Oedipus Tyrannus by the great tragedian Sophocles is one of the most famous works of ancient Greek literature. The play has always been admired for the unity of its plot; every bit of every scene counts towards the dramatic effect. The action is concentrated into a single day in Oedipus’ life; his heinous crimes of unwittingly committing patricide and incest by marrying his mother all lie long ago in the past, and now, in the action of this one day, there awaits for him only the discovery of the truth. Oedipus is portrayed as a noble king, deeply devoted to his people and they to him. Proud of his earlier defeat of the Sphinx, he is determined to save his city once again, and he unflinchingly pursues the truth of who he is and what he has done, unaware that it will bring him to disaster. The spectators, familiar with Oedipus’ story, wait in horrified suspense for that terrible moment of realisation to arrive. And when it does, Oedipus survives it: he takes full responsibility for what he has done, accepts the grief and the pain, and carries on, remaining indomitable to the end. Sophocles gives no answer as to why Oedipus is made to suffer his tragic fate. Jenny March’s new facing-page translation brings alive the power and complexities of Sophocles’ writing, with a substantial introduction and a detailed commentary which is keyed to important words in the translation and aims to be accessible to readers with little or no Greek.

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33

Silva, Denise dos Santos Vasconcelos. Direito à educação: efetividade, justiciabilidade e protagonismo cidadão. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-87836-88-1.

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The present study discusses the role of the judiciary concerning the interpretation of the right to education, with emphasis on the educational constitutional principles, on the basic content of the right to education and on the problems faced by this right. Furthermore, the present study pursuits to bring the risks that the excessive judicialization of the education brings to the balance between powers and the natural order of administration itself and public policies management in which the executive and legislative as powers elected by the people, develop, approve and initiate such programmatic actions; the lack of technical capacity of the judiciary to manage such complex matters; and the absence of infinite public resources to look after all the rights and benefits contained in the constitutions of the democratic states. As the education is a right related to the human dignity, development and citizenship, this way it should be carried out with diligence: 1. by the public authorities, specially the judiciary that even though it has not been elected by the universal suffrage, will not be able to remain inert in cases of inefficiency of the executive and legislative, for this purpose, it will be necessary mechanisms that provide more legitimacy in the acting of the judge, avoiding an inappropriate misuse of powers; and 2. by all members of society, as doers of their citizen position in search of a more decent life, once that through education (for) democracy, rights connected to freedom and to personal development are also accomplished.

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34

Bidadanure, Juliana Uhuru. Justice Across Ages. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792185.001.0001.

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Justice Across Ages is a book about how we should respond to inequalities between people at different stages of their lives. Age structures our social institutions, relationships, obligations, and entitlements. There is an age for voting, an age for working, and an age when one is expected (and sometimes required) to retire. Each stage of life also corresponds to specific forms of social risks and vulnerabilities. As a result, inequalities between age groups and generations are numerous and multidimensional. And yet, political theorists have spared little time thinking about how we should respond to these disparities. Are they akin to those patterned on gender or race? Or is there something relevantly distinctive about them that mitigates the need for concern? These questions and others are answered in this book and a theory of justice between co-existing generations is proposed. Age structures our lives and societies. It shapes social institutions, roles, and relationships, as well as how we assign obligations and entitlements within them. There is an age for schooling, an age for voting, an age for working, and an age when one is expected (and sometimes required) to retire. Each life-stage also brings its characteristic opportunities and vulnerabilities, which spawn multidimensional inequalities between young and old. How should we respond to these age-related inequalities? Are they unfair in the same way that gender or racial inequalities often are? Or is there something distinctive about age that should mitigate ethical concern? Justice Across Ages addresses these and related questions, offering an ambitious theory of justice between age groups. Written at the intersection of philosophy and public policy, the book sets forth ethical principles to guide a fair distribution of goods like jobs, healthcare, income, and political power among persons at different stages of their life. Drawing on a range of practical cases, the book deploys normative tools to distinguish objectionable instances of inequalities from acceptable ones and in so doing, critically assesses a range of policy remedies. At a time where young people are starkly under-represented in legislatures and subject to disproportionally high unemployment rates, the book moves from foundational theory to the specific policy reforms needed today. As moral and political philosophers have noted, it can be tempting to assume that age-based inequalities are morally trouble free, since over the course of a complete life, a person moves through each age groups. Yet, Justice Across Ages argues that we should resist this assumption. In particular, we should regard with suspicion commonplace and widely tolerated forms of age-based social hierarchy, such as the infantilization of young adults and older citizens, the political marginalization of teenagers and young adults, the exploitation of young workers through precarious contracts and unpaid internships, and the spatial segregation of elderly persons. If we ever are to live in a society where people are treated as equals, we must pay vigilant attention to how age membership can alter our social standing. This position carries important implications for how we should think about the political and moral value of equality, design our social and political institutions, and conduct ourselves in a range of contexts that includes families, workplaces, and schools.

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35

Nugent, Elizabeth R. After Repression. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691203058.001.0001.

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In the wake of the Arab Spring, newly empowered factions in Tunisia and Egypt vowed to work together to establish democracy. In Tunisia, political elites passed a new constitution, held parliamentary elections, and demonstrated the strength of their democracy with a peaceful transfer of power. Yet in Egypt, unity crumbled due to polarization among elites. Presenting a new theory of polarization under authoritarianism, the book reveals how polarization and the legacies of repression led to these substantially divergent political outcomes. The book documents polarization among the opposition in Tunisia and Egypt prior to the Arab Spring, tracing how different kinds of repression influenced the bonds between opposition groups. It demonstrates how widespread repression created shared political identities and decreased polarization — such as in Tunisia — while targeted repression like that carried out against the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt led opposition groups to build distinct identities that increased polarization among them. This helps explain why elites in Tunisia were able to compromise, cooperate, and continue on the path to democratic consolidation while deeply polarized elites in Egypt contributed to the rapid reentrenchment of authoritarianism. Providing vital new insights into the ways repression shapes polarization, the book helps to explain what happened in the turbulent days following the Arab Spring and illuminates the obstacles to democratic transitions around the world.

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36

Quijada, Justine Buck. Buddhists, Shamans, and Soviets. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190916794.001.0001.

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History in the Soviet Union was a political project. From the Soviet perspective, Buryats, an indigenous Siberian ethnic group, were a “backward” nationality that was carried along on the inexorable march toward the Communist utopian future. When the Soviet Union ended, the Soviet version of history lost its power and Buryats, like other Siberian indigenous peoples, were able to revive religious and cultural traditions that had been suppressed by the Soviet state. In the process, they also recovered knowledge about the past that the Soviet Union had silenced. Borrowing the analytic lens of the chronotope from Bakhtin, this book argues that rituals have chronotopes which situate people within time and space. As they revived rituals, post-Soviet Buryats encountered new historical information and traditional ways of being in time that enabled them to reimagine the Buryat past and what it means to be Buryat. Through the temporal perspective of a reincarnating Buddhist monk, Dashi-Dorzho Etigelov, Buddhists come to see the Soviet period as a test on the path of dharma. Shamanic practitioners, in contrast, renegotiate their relationship to the past by speaking to their ancestors through the bodies of shamans. By comparing the versions of history that are produced in Buddhist, shamanic, and civic rituals, Buddhists, Shamans, and Soviets offers a new lens for analyzing ritual, a new perspective on how an indigenous people grapples with a history of state repression, and an innovative approach to the ethnographic study of how people know about the past.

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37

Mitchell, Peter. The Donkey in Human History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198749233.001.0001.

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Donkeys carried Christ into Jerusalem while in Greek myth they transported Hephaistos up to Mount Olympos and Dionysos into battle against the Giants. They were probably the first animals that people ever rode, as well as the first used on a large-scale as beasts of burden. Associated with kingship and the gods in the ancient Near East, they have been (and in many places still are) a core technology for moving people and goods over both short and long distances, as well as a supplier of muscle power for threshing and grinding grain, pressing olives, raising water, ploughing fields, and pulling carts, to name just a few of the uses to which they have been put. Yet despite this, they remain one of the least studied, and most widely ignored, of all domestic animals, consigned to the margins of history like so many of those who still depend upon them. Spanning the globe and extending from the donkey's initial domestication up to the present, this book seeks to remedy this situation by using archaeological evidence, in combination with insights from history and anthropology, to resituate the donkey (and its hybrid offspring such as the mule) in the unfolding of human history, looking not just at what donkeys and mules did, but also at how people have thought about and understood them. Intended in part for university researchers and students working in the broad fields of world history, archaeology, animal history, and anthropology, but it should also interest anyone keen to learn more about one of the most widespread and important of the animals that people have domesticated.

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38

Telecommunications: FCC's handling of formal complaints filed against common carriers : report to the Chairman, Information, Justice, Transportation, and Agriculture Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1993.

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39

Inayatullah, Naeem, and David L. Blaney. Units, Markets, Relations, and Flow: Beyond Interacting Parts to Unfolding Wholes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.272.

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Heterodox work in Global Political Economy (GPE) finds its motive force in challenging the ontological atomism of International Political Economy (IPE) orthodoxy. Various strains of heterodoxy that have grown out of dependency theory and World-Systems Theory (WST), for example, emphasize the social whole: Individual parts are given form and meaning within social relations of domination produced by a history of violence and colonial conquest. An atomistic approach, they stress, seems designed to ignore this history of violence and relations of domination by making bargaining among independent units the key to explaining the current state of international institutions. For IPE, it is precisely this atomistic approach, largely inspired by the ostensible success of neoclassical economics, which justifies its claims to scientific rigor. International relations can be modeled as a market-like space, in which individual actors, with given preferences and endowments, bargain over the character of international institutional arrangements. Heterodox scholars’ treatment of social processes as indivisible wholes places them beyond the pale of acceptable scientific practice. Heterodoxy appears, then, as the constitutive outside of IPE orthodoxy.Heterodox GPE perhaps reached its zenith in the 1980s. Just as heterodox work was being cast out from the temple of International Relations (IR), heterodox scholars, building on earlier work, produced magisterial studies that continue to merit our attention. We focus on three texts: K. N. Chaudhuri’s Asia Before Europe (1990), Eric Wolf’s Europe and the People Without History (1982), and L. S. Stavrianos’s Global Rift (1981). We select these texts for their temporal and geographical sweep and their intellectual acuity. While Chaudhuri limits his scope to the Indian Ocean over a millennium, Wolf and Stavrianos attempt an anthropology and a history, respectively, of European expansion, colonialism, and the rise of capitalism in the modern era. Though the authors combine different elements of material, political, and social life, all three illustrate the power of seeing the “social process” as an “indivisible whole,” as Schumpeter discusses in the epigram below. “Economic facts,” the region, or time period they extract for detailed scrutiny are never disconnected from the “great stream” or process of social relations. More specifically, Chaudhuri’s work shows notably that we cannot take for granted the distinct units that comprise a social whole, as does the IPE orthodoxy. Rather, such units must be carefully assembled by the scholar from historical evidence, just as the institutions, practices, and material infrastructure that comprise the unit were and are constructed by people over the longue durée. Wolf starts with a world of interaction, but shows that European expansion and the rise and spread of capitalism intensified cultural encounters, encompassing them all within a global division of labor that conditioned the developmental prospects of each in relation to the others. Stavrianos carries out a systematic and relational history of the First and Third Worlds, in which both appear as structural positions conditioned by a capitalist political economy. By way of conclusion, we suggest that these three works collectively inspire an effort to overcome the reification and dualism of agents and structures that inform IR theory and arrive instead at “flow.”

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