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Journal articles on the topic 'Power reserve'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Do, Insu, Siyoung Lee, Gab-Su Seo, and Sungsoo Kim. "An Analysis of the Effects of Renewable Energy Intermittency on the 2030 Korean Electricity Market." Energies 16, no. 10 (2023): 4189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16104189.

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Republic of Korea has unique geographical characteristics similar to those of an island, resulting in an isolated power system. For this reason, securing sufficient operating reserves for the system’s stability and reliability in the face of the intermittency of increasing variable renewable energy (VRE) is paramount, and this will pave the way to achieving the nation’s decarbonization target and carbon neutrality. However, the current reserve-operation method in Republic of Korea does not take into account energy-system conditions, such as the intermittency of the VRE. Therefore, this paper p

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2

Zhu, Chongxi, Hong Xu, Leichun Gu, Zhiwei Hua, Xin Li, and Qifan Feng. "Decentralized frequency support control based on distributed PV’s adaptive power reserve." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2567, no. 1 (2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2567/1/012004.

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Abstract High integration of PV diminishes system inertia, which jeopardizes the system frequency stability. Adjusting PVs’ output according to demand is an active power control method requiring no energy storage devices, which realizes grid frequency support by a certain reserved power of PV. To equally reserve power between different PVs without communication, this paper combines the operation characteristics of the PV module on the right side of the maximum power point and proposes the characteristic of power reserve and adaptive power reserve-frequency supporting control. Furthermore, irra

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Yuan, Bo, Jun Zhou, Gang Lu, Dazheng Liu, Peng Xia, and Cong Wu. "Coordinated Dispatch of Power Generation and Spinning Reserve in Power Systems with High Renewable Penetration." Processes 12, no. 12 (2024): 2779. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122779.

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The spinning reserve demand in high renewable penetration power systems is increasing significantly due to the stochastic and unpredictable nature of renewable power. This paper defines the expected load not supplied ratio (ELNSR) and models uncertainty factors such as unit forced outage rates, load and wind power output prediction errors based on probability density functions. It derives a quantitative relationship between system operating reserves and the ELNSR and uses this quantitative relationship as a constraint for power generation scheduling. Based on this, a coordinated generation and

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Jeon, Wooyoung, and Jungyoun Mo. "Estimating the Operating Reserve Demand Curve for Efficient Adoption of Renewable Sources in Korea." Energies 16, no. 3 (2023): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031426.

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As the proportions of variable renewable sources (VRSs) such as solar and wind energy increase rapidly in the power system, their uncertainties inevitably undermine power supply reliability and increase the amount of operating reserve resources required to manage the system. However, because operating reserves have the characteristics of a public good and their value is related to the social cost of blackouts, it is difficult to determine their market price efficiently, which leads to inefficiencies in procuring operating reserves. This study estimates the operating reserve demand curve (ORDC)

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Ullmark, Jonathan, Lisa Göransson, and Filip Johnsson. "Potential Revenue from Reserve Market Participation in Wind Power- and Solar Power-Dominated Electricity Grids: The Near-Term, Mid-Term, and Long-Term." International Journal of Energy Research 2024 (February 22, 2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8470441.

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As electricity systems become increasingly dominated by variable inverter-based generation (such as wind and solar photovoltaics (PV)), additional sources of variability appear, while the share of dispatchable thermal power plants decreases. Maintaining a stable grid frequency requires new sources of inertia to slow the frequency changes, as well as new sources of reserve power to counter the imbalances. This work uses a linear optimization modeling approach to analyze the reserve market of the electricity system during the transition to a carbon-free system with high shares of variable electr

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Li, Xiaomeng, Xiaopeng Yu, and Ze Gao. "Research on the optimal strategy of pumped storage power station to provide multiple time-scale reserves." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2108, no. 1 (2021): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2108/1/012052.

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Abstract In the background of peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, renewable energy generation (REG) will become the main generation form in the future power system. Simultaneously, the randomness and volatility increase the reserve requirement in the different time scale. Increasing importance has been attached to energy storage in the aspect of reserve, as energy storage has the advantages of power flexibility and relatively low reserve cost. Trading off the benefits of energy storage in the energy market and the reserve market to maximize its benefits is of great significance to the

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Alexakis, Lykourgos-Christos G., Tudor A. Codreanu, and Samuel J. Stratton. "Water and Power Reserve Capacity of Health Facilities in the Greek Islands." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 2 (2014): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14000077.

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AbstractIntroductionGeographically isolated islands are vulnerable during natural or technological disasters. During disasters, island health facilities should be able to secure power and water in order to continue operations.ObjectiveThis study sought to determine the existence of Greek island health facility backup systems for water and power. When such systems existed, reserve capacity was quantified and compared to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Hospital Safety Index standards.MethodsA standardized, self-administered questionnaire was sent to major health care facilities belon

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Jeon, Wooyoung, and Chul-Yong Lee. "Estimating the Cost of Solar Generation Uncertainty and the Impact of Collocated Energy Storage: The Case of Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (2019): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051389.

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As a major option for reducing greenhouse gas emission and sustainable development, renewable generation is rapidly expanding in the power sector. However, the variability and uncertainty of renewable generation undermine the reliability of the power system, requiring additional reserve capacities. This study estimates the costs induced by additional reserve capacities to reduce the uncertainty of solar generation in the Korean power system and analyzes the effectiveness of the Energy Storage System (ESS) in reducing these costs, using the stochastic form of multi-period security-constraint op

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9

Manuel Carvalho da Silva Santos, Fernando, Leonardo Elizeire Bremermann, Tadeu da Mata Medeiros Branco, Diego Issicaba, and Mauro Augusto da Rosa. "Impact Evaluation of Wind Power Geographic Dispersion on Future Operating Reserve Needs." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 2863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112863.

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This paper evaluates the potential of diverse wind power patterns to balance the global power output of wind farms using the concept of operating reserve assessment. To achieve this, operating reserve assessment models are utilized to evaluate bulk generation systems under several conditions of wind power geographic distribution. Different wind behavior patterns and wind power penetration levels are tested using a modified configuration of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Reliability Test System 96 (IEEE RTS-96). The results highlight that on a large country scale system w

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Csercsik, Dávid, Ádám Sleisz, and Péter Márk Sőrés. "The Uncertain Bidder Pays Principle and Its Implementation in a Simple Integrated Portfolio-Bidding Energy-Reserve Market Model." Energies 12, no. 15 (2019): 2957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152957.

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One reason for the allocation of reserves in electricity markets is the uncertainty of demand and supply. If the bias of the generation portfolio shifts from controllable generators to renewable sources with significantly higher uncertainty, it is natural to assume that more reserve has to be allocated. The price of reserve allocation in European models is dominantly paid by the independent system operator in the form of long-term paid reserve capacities and reserve demand bids submitted to various reserve markets. However, if we consider a scenario where the significant part of generation is

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11

Wang, Ziqi, Zhilei Xin, Xiaojun Tang, Xin Zhang, and Yan Xie. "Research on Power System Reserve Capacity Allocation Method with High Wind Power Penetration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2584, no. 1 (2023): 012109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2584/1/012109.

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Abstract ln order to further improve the regulation reserve capability of China’s power grid, this paper analyzes the necessity of constructing reserve capacity configuration of power systems from the aspects of load fluctuation and wind power development. By comparing the effects of different wind power penetration rates on system reserve capacity allocation, the paper investigates the reserve capacity allocation methods of power systems based on the SPN index and WCP index with high wind power penetration respectively, and verifies the effectiveness and universality of the new reserve alloca

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Icton, Mike, and Devan Mescall. "Policy Forum: Establishing an Urban Reserve—Property Tax Challenges and Opportunities." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 69, no. 3 (2021): 835–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2021.69.3.pf.icton.

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Urban reserves offer a unique economic development tool for First Nation governments by providing access to markets and infrastructure unavailable on most reserve lands in Canada. Asimakiniseekan Askiy is Canada's first urban reserve established on land previously owned by a city. The urban reserve was established in Saskatoon by the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in 1988. Asimakiniseekan Askiy provides an example of the economic potential of urban reserves for First Nations and their members, as well as municipal governments and their citizens. The urban reserve is currently home to 60 First Nation

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He, Chen, Ji Chun Liu, Jia Yi Li, et al. "Optimal Reserve Distribution Model for Power System with Large Scale Wind Power Integration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.669.

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Firstly, taking into account the load forecasting error and uncertainty of wind power, the coal saving benefit and network loss of the reserve are combined into integrated coal consumption of thermal units. Then, the consistency constraints of reserve capacity are derived. On the basis of the work mentioned above, the optimal reserve distribution model for power system with large scale wind power integration is proposed. This model is used to compare the network loss, integrated coal consumption and the allocation of reserve before and after adding consistency constraints. Finally, simulation

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Jovanović, Nenad. "Angažovanje generatora i potrebe balansnih rezervi u prisustvu intermitentnih OIE: Studija slučaja elektroenergetskog sistema Srbije." Energija, ekonomija, ekologija XXIV, no. 3 (2022): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/eee22-3.16j.

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Intermittent electricity generation of the various renewable energy sources sets additional burden on generation unit dispatching and reserve planning in day-ahead electricity market. The conventional unit commitment models which include rump-up and rump-down limits are usually presented with stepwise mathematical functions without clear distinction between power and energy. This paper presents a case study of generation unit dispatching planning approach for the case of pricewise-linear functions from one time interval to another, taking into account actual ramping trajectories thus providing

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Ramūnas, Deltuva, Kriuglaitė Miglė, and Otas Konstantinas. "Compatibility Analysis of Frequency Containment Reserve and Load Frequency Control Functions." IgMin Research 2, no. 8 (2024): 712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.61927/igmin237.

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The study focuses on investigating the behavior of Electric Power Systems (EPS) during desynchronization from a synchronous area, its stability in island mode operation, and its synchronization with Continental Europe (CE). The primary aim is to ensure and maintain the stability and reliable operation of self–operating individual EPSs by analyzing the technical requirements and prequalification procedures for Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and Load Frequency Control (LFC) reserves. The study employed numerical simulations to analyze the behavior of isolated EPSs after losing a certain am

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Salkuti, Surender Reddy, P. R. Bijwe, and A. R. Abhyankar. "Coordinated Action of Fast and Slow Reserves for Optimal Sequential and Dynamic Emergency Reserve Activation." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 17, no. 2 (2016): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2015-0150.

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Abstract This paper proposes an optimal dynamic reserve activation plan after the occurrence of an emergency situation (generator/transmission line outage, load increase or both). An optimal plan is developed to handle the emergency situation, using coordinated action of fast and slow reserves, for secure operation with minimum overall cost. This paper considers the reserves supplied by generators (spinning reserves) and loads (demand-side reserves). The optimal backing down of costly/fast reserves and bringing up of slow reserves in each sub-interval in an integrated manner is proposed. The s

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Averyanov, V. K., A. N. Blinov, and I. V. Tverskoy. "Ways of improving the environmental performance of megalopolises by using LNG as a reserve fuel." Вестник гражданских инженеров 19, no. 4 (2022): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2022-19-4-115-124.

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Large thermal power plants (TPP) located within the boundaries of urban areas usually use diesel or black oil as a reserve fuel (RF). In some cases, coal is also used. That has a negative impact on the natural environment of the city. In accordance with this, the new procedure for the creation and use of fuel reserves by thermal power plants provides as an option the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a reserve and emergency fuel. Replacing RF (reserve fuel) with natural gas will, to some extent, reduce the load on the environment and reduce the area occupied by reserve fuel facilities (RFF

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18

Hudima, Tetiana, and Vladyslav Kamyshanskyi. "BITCOIN IN CENTRAL BANK RESERVES: A NEW DIMENSION OF THE US-CHINA POWER STRUGGLE." Socio-economic relations in the digital society 2, no. 56 (2025): 5–19. https://doi.org/10.55643/ser.2.56.2025.601.

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The accelerating geopolitical rivalry between major powers has renewed interest in diversifying central bank reserves. Traditionally dominated by the US dollar and gold, global reserve composition is now being reconsidered amid de-dollarization trends and the growing relevance of crypto assets – particularly Bitcoin. This study examines the rationale, risks, and strategic implications of incorporating Bitcoin into sovereign reserve portfolios, with a focus on the financial confrontation between the United States (US) and the People’s Republic of China (China).Adopting an interdisciplinary appr

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19

Issam, Minka, Essadki Ahmed, Mensou Sara, and Nasser Tamou. "Primary frequency control applied to the wind turbine based on the DFIG controlled by the ADRC." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 10, no. 2 (2019): 1049–58. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp1049-1058.

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In this paper, we study the primary frequency control that allows the variable speed Aeolian to participate in the frequency regulation when a failure affects the network frequency. This method based on the control of the generator rotational speed or the control of pitch angle makes it possible to force the wind turbine to produce less power than its maximum available power, consequently we will create an active power reserve. This wind turbine must inject into the grid a part of its power reserve when the frequency drops, in contrary the wind turbine reserves more of energy. So, this work pr

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20

Chen, Yue, Zhizhong Guo, Abebe Tilahun Tadie, Hongbo Li, Guizhong Wang, and Yingwei Hou. "Tie-Line Reserve Power Probability Margin for Day-Ahead Dispatching in Power Systems with High Proportion Renewable Power Sources." Energies 12, no. 24 (2019): 4742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244742.

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In power systems with a high proportion of renewable power sources (PSHPRPSs), the power constraints of the tie-line may limit the ability of the reserve power to accommodate uncertain power generation, resulting in difficulties for the grid power balance. As uncertain power generation cannot be predicted accurately and in accordance with the law of probability and statistics, it is necessary to use a probability model to calculate the uncertain power of the tie-line. Here, day-ahead prediction error probability optimal power flow (DPEPOPF) is proposed to calculate the tie-line reserve power p

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Bapin, Yerzhigit, and Vasilios Zarikas. "Probabilistic estimation of spinning reserves in smart grids with Bayesian-driven reserve allocation adjustment algorithm." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 15, no. 3 (2021): 433–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-12-2019-0012.

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Purpose This study aims to introduce a methodology for optimal allocation of spinning reserves taking into account load, wind and solar generation by application of the univariate and bivariate parametric models, conventional intra and inter-zonal spinning reserve capacity as well as demand response through utilization of capacity outage probability tables and the equivalent assisting unit approach. Design/methodology/approach The method uses a novel approach to model wind power generation using the bivariate Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern probability density function (PDF). The study also uses the

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Xu, Aoran, Tao Yang, Jianwei Ji, Yang Gao, and Cailian Gu. "Calculating reserve power requirements from wind–power forecasts." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 9 (2019): 5427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.5395.

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Minka, Issam, Ahmed Essadki, Sara Mensou, and Tamou Nasser. "Primary frequency control applied to the wind turbine based on the DFIG controlled by the ADRC." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 2 (2019): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp1049-1058.

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<span lang="EN-US">In this paper, we study the primary frequency control that allows the variable speed Aeolian to participate in the frequency regulation when a failure affects the network frequency. This method based on the control of the generator rotational speed or the control of pitch angle makes it possible to force the wind turbine to produce less power than its maximum available power, consequently we will create an active power reserve. This wind turbine must inject into the grid a part of its power reserve when the frequency drops, in contrary the wind turbine reserves more of

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Basit, Abdul, Tanvir Ahmad, Asfand Yar Ali, Kaleem Ullah, Gussan Mufti, and Anca Daniela Hansen. "Flexible Modern Power System: Real-Time Power Balancing through Load and Wind Power." Energies 12, no. 9 (2019): 1710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091710.

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Increasing large-scale integration of renewables in conventional power system has led to an increase in reserve power requirement owing to the forecasting error. Innovative operating strategies are required for maintaining balance between load and generation in real time, while keeping the reserve power requirement at its minimum. This research work proposes a control strategy for active power balance control without compromising power system security, emphasizing the integration of wind power and flexible load in automatic generation control. Simulations were performed in DIgSILENT for foreca

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Zhou, Sihan, Liang Qin, Jiangjun Ruan, et al. "An AI-Based Power Reserve Control Strategy for Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems Participating in Frequency Regulation of Microgrids." Electronics 12, no. 9 (2023): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12092075.

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In this paper, a novel AI-based power reserve control strategy is proposed for photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems participating in the frequency regulation (FR) of microgrids. The proposed strategy uses a frequency response module to determine the target power reserve ratio of the PV system based on microgrid frequency deviation, as well as a power reserve control module to obtain the target duty cycle, which is input to the BOOST converter. The use of artificial neural networks (ANN) in the power reserve control module enables the PV system to work at a specified power reserve ratio,

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Dong, Xiao Yu, Hai Bao, Lin Zhao, Lei Liu, and Yong Hua Li. "The Study of Spinning Reserve Allocation Problem in the Wind Power Integrated Power System." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2273.

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With the intermittent and randomness of wind power,the power system needs to arrange certain spinning reserve capacity in response to wind power fluctuations,so the optimal allocation of spinning reserve problem is the key point. This paper first analyzes the potential problems of optimal allocation of spinning reserve by the principle of equal proportion in wind power system; then calculate the optimal power flow which aims to minimize the network loss with the original dual interior point method, of which all thermal power’s active power outputs are optimized objects. You can watch the total

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Yan, Jun, Yuheng Sha, Tiezheng Wang, et al. "Research on Evaluation and Mechanism of Power Grid Reserve Project Based on Matter Element Model." E3S Web of Conferences 257 (2021): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125702002.

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In view of the increasing number of power grid reserve projects, how to reasonably evaluate power grid reserve projects and formulate power grid reserve project management mechanisms is of great significance for improving project management levels, optimizing resource allocation, and realizing the sustainable development of power grid enterprises. This paper proposes an evaluation method for power grid reserve projects based on the matter-element model. First, considering the influence factors of technology, economy, environment, etc., this paper constructs an evaluation index system for reser

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Srpak, Dunja, Ladislav Havaš, and Boštjan Polajžer. "Regulating Reserve Dynamic Scheduling and Optimal Allocation in Systems with a Large Share of Wind-Power Generation." Energies 12, no. 2 (2019): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020212.

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This paper proposes an approach to schedule and allocate regulating reserve in systems with a large share of generation from wind power plants (WPPs). The method for scheduling regulating power is based on the correction of day-ahead schedules planned by the known variations of the load- and wind-power from the previous hour. The correction term incorporates the tendency of changes for previous hours. In this way, more of the regulating power can be reserved during sudden changes in the intensity of the wind. Hence, available existing operational data are required, instead of historical data.

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Li, Tian Ran, Yun Hu Luo, and Lin Sun. "Risk Management of Virtual Power Plant Reserve Allocation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2695.

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Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is a new entity in power systems that manages a set of various distributed energy resources (DERs). One of the functions of VPP is to determine the allocation of reserve to solve the problem of renewable generation uncertainty. In this paper, the reserve resources of VPP are classified into non-renewable distributed generation (NRDG), energy storage device (ESD), interruptible load (IL) and reserve bought from the market (RBFM). Their complementary properties should be utilized to improve the economy of reserve allocation. An optimal coordination model for risk manage

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Lu, Ming, and Lun Nong Tan. "The Impact of Load Reserve Costs due to Significant Installed Wind Capacity in Electricity Market." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.268.

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Wind and load forecast error is inevitable. With wind power capacities increasing in electricity systems, it will increase the load reserve demand due to larger total forecast error. In electricity market environment, grid company must pay to power plants for supplying reserve. The first goal of grid company is to maximize its profits in electricity market environment. In this paper, using probabilistic method, the costs of reserve capacity and load shedding are analyzed. we can calculate reserve costs with and without wind power units separately. Comparing their reserve costs, we can quantify

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Liao, Yu Juan, and Le Feng Shi. "V2G Reserve Power Supply Coordination Based on CVaR Model." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1637.

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this paper establishes the revenue functions of both electric vehicle users(EV users) and power company, further analyzes users’ intention to reserve power and the feed-in tariff strategy of power company with CVaR criterion, for better V2G( vehicle to grid) reserve power supply coordination. The simulation shows that the users tend to reserve a specific quantity of power which is equal to the expected lowest reverse power supply in the condition of high risk aversion degree; however it will increase with the rise of feed-in tariff when the degree is low. In addition, the double marginalizatio

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Goodman, Dawn, and Lucy Johnson. "To reserve or not to reserve? What can possibly go wrong—Part II." Trusts & Trustees 26, no. 7 (2020): 692–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttaa051.

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Abstract This article builds on Part I, in which we looked at options for reserving powers in a number of key trust jurisdictions. We also suggested that caution and restraint would be appropriate, given such provisions have not been widely tested in the courts and the appreciation in the profession that the greater the powers retained, the greater the risk of invalidity or some form of look through has been borne out in the Pugachev case.1 This second part explores what can possibly go wrong when too much power is retained or concentrated, and asks what—if anything—can be done to remedy any r

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Khandani, Ali, and Asghar Akbari Foroud. "Design of reactive power and reactive power reserve market." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 11, no. 6 (2017): 1443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0939.

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Kabnyun Kim. "Reserve Power of the Federal President." Korean Comparative Government Review 12, no. 2 (2008): 401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18397/kcgr.2008.12.2.401.

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Palmer, Dean, Anand Prasad, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, et al. "Endurance Training Preserves Cardiac Power Reserve." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (2005): S218—S219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200505001-01155.

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Palmer, Dean, Anand Prasad, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, et al. "Endurance Training Preserves Cardiac Power Reserve." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (2005): S218???S219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200505001-01155.

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Allen, E. H., and M. D. Ilic. "Reserve markets for power systems reliability." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 15, no. 1 (2000): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.852126.

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Cai, Xinlei, Naixiao Wang, Qinqin Cai, et al. "Day-Ahead Dynamic Assessment of Consumption Service Reserve Based on Morphological Filter." Energies 16, no. 16 (2023): 5979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16165979.

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With the development goal of a low-cost and low-carbon reserve market, this paper proposes a dynamic assessment method for day-ahead consumption service reserve demand considering the forecast error of uncertainty power. The iterative self-organizing data analysis techniques algorithm is adopted to cluster the historical actual power into typical scenarios. In addition, the online matching between the typical scenario and the day-ahead forecast power is conducted. In order to realize the hierarchical quantification of reserve demand, the reserve resources in the whole power system are classifi

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Kim, Dongmin, Jung-Wook Park, and Soo Hyoung Lee. "A Study on the Power Reserve of Distributed Generators Based on Power Sensitivity Analysis in a Large-Scale Power System." Electronics 10, no. 7 (2021): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070769.

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Converter-based generators (CBGs) that use renewable energy sources (RESs) are replacing traditional aging coal and nuclear power generators. Increasing the penetration of CBGs into the entire power generation process reduces both the inertia constant of the power system and the total amount of power reserves. Additionally, RESs are very intermittent and it is difficult to predict changes in them. These problems, due to CBGs using RESs, pose new challenges to net–load balancing. As a solution, this paper proposes a virtual multi-slack (VMS) droop control that secures the stability and efficien

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Ullah, Kaleem, Zahid Ullah, Sheraz Aslam, et al. "Wind Farms and Flexible Loads Contribution in Automatic Generation Control: An Extensive Review and Simulation." Energies 16, no. 14 (2023): 5498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145498.

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With the increasing integration of wind energy sources into conventional power systems, the demand for reserve power has risen due to associated forecasting errors. Consequently, developing innovative operating strategies for automatic generation control (AGC) has become crucial. These strategies ensure a real-time balance between load and generation while minimizing the reliance on operating reserves from conventional power plant units. Wind farms exhibit a strong interest in participating in AGC operations, especially when AGC is organized into different regulation areas encompassing various

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Alhelou, Hassan Haes, Pierluigi Siano, Massimo Tipaldi, Raffaele Iervolino, and Feras Mahfoud. "Primary Frequency Response Improvement in Interconnected Power Systems Using Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plants." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 2 (2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11020040.

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The smart grid concept enables demand-side management, including electric vehicles (EVs). Thus way, some ancillary services can be provided in order to improve the power system stability, reliability, and security. The high penetration level of renewable energy resources causes some problems to independent system operators, such as lack of primary reserve and active power balance problems. Nowadays, many countries are encouraging the use of EVs which provide a good chance to utilize them as a virtual power plant (VPP) in order to contribute to frequency event. This paper proposes a new control

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Joung, Jingon, Han Lim Lee, Jian Zhao, and Xin Kang. "Power Control Method for Energy Efficient Buffer-Aided Relay Systems." Energies 12, no. 17 (2019): 3234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173234.

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In this paper, a power control method is proposed for a buffer-aided relay node (RN) to enhance the energy efficiency of the RN system. By virtue of a buffer, the RN can reserve the data at the buffer when the the channel gain between an RN and a destination node (DN) is weaker than that between SN and RN. The RN then opportunistically forward the reserved data in the buffer according to channel condition between the RN and the DN. By exploiting the buffer, RN reduces transmit power when it reduces the transmit data rate and reserve the data in the buffer. Therefore, without any total throughp

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Cui, Ting, Ding Wang, Zhen Hu, Yangwu Shen, and Hu Guo. "Transient Voltage Stability of UHV DC/AC Hybrid Power Grids with Spinning Reserve." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018501016.

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This paper studies the mechanism of spinning reserve on transient voltage stability in ultra-high voltage (UHV) DC/AC hybrid power grids. Taking an actual received power grid with an UHVDC system as an example, the transient voltage stability is introduced and a certain scale of spinning reserve has to be retained to keep the transient voltage stability of the system. And then, the steady state of synchronous generators with different spinning reserve is studied using the method of phasor diagram analysis. At last, the relation of spinning reserve, excitation voltage, and dynamic reactive powe

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Meng, Jie, Geng Yin Li, and Shi Jun Cheng. "Economic Dispatch for Power Generation System Incorporating Wind and Photovoltaic Power." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.263.

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With the higher penetrations of wind and photovoltaic power in system, the randomness of its outputs adds amounts of uncertainty to system generation planning and scheduling. This paper formulates a day-ahead power economic dispatch model based on the uncertainty information of wind and photovoltaic power prediction obtained by prediction interval of power with a certain probability. The costs of spinning reserve and interruptible load regarded as spinning reserve are also taken into consideration. The proposed model is solved by Cplex. Finally, the simulation example of system composed of 10-

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Deman, Laureen, Quentin Boucher, Sonia Djebali, Guillaume Guerard, and Cédric Clastres. "Bidding strategy of storage hydropower plants in reserve markets." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 2 (November 2023): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2023-002004.

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The increasing share of intermittent sources of energy will increase the need for frequency-control reserves. However, the supply from gas and coal-fired power plants might decrease in the following years. Being the procurement of reserves mostly market-based in Europe, the market design should send price signals to encourage participation in these markets. This pa-per analyses the incentives provided by the French market design for seasonal storage and pumped storage hydropower plants to participate in reserve markets. To that end, a determinis-tic mixed-integer linear optimization model is p

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Molocchi, Andrea. "Valuing the social cost of carbon: Do economists really care about climate change?" ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 2 (November 2023): 41–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2023-002003.

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The increasing share of intermittent sources of energy will increase the need for frequency-control reserves. However, the supply from gas and coal-fired power plants might decrease in the following years. Being the procurement of reserves mostly market-based in Europe, the market design should send price signals to encourage participation in these markets. This pa-per analyses the incentives provided by the French market design for seasonal storage and pumped storage hydropower plants to participate in reserve markets. To that end, a determinis-tic mixed-integer linear optimization model is p

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Yang, Wei Wei, Peng Fei Li, Yan Yan Zhang, Jin Liang Wang, Jun Ling Zhang, and Lian Xi Sun. "Determination of Reserve Capacity for Power System with Wind Generation." Advanced Materials Research 905 (April 2014): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.416.

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As the development of wind generation, traditional methods for determining reserve capacity are no longer appropriate. In order to determine the optimal spinning reserve for system with wind generation, this paper set the reserve capacity based on the reliability index which includes the system reliability and wind generation uncertainties. The model is then calculated by the Lagrangian Relaxation method. According to the result, the method for determining reserve capacity proposed by this paper is applicable.

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Dong, Jun, Anyuan Fu, Yao Liu, Shilin Nie, Peiwen Yang, and Linpeng Nie. "Two-Stage Optimization Model for Two-Side Daily Reserve Capacity of a Power System Considering Demand Response and Wind Power Consumption." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (2019): 7171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247171.

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Today, wind power is becoming an important energy source for the future development of electric energy due to its clean and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, due to the uncertainty of incoming wind, the utilization efficiency of wind energy is extremely low, which means the problem of wind curtailment becomes more and more serious. To solve the issue of wind power large-scale consumption, a two-stage stochastic optimization model is established in this paper. Different from other research frameworks, a novel two-side reserve capacity mechanism, which simultaneously takes into

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Hodgson, Michael D., Daniel A. Keir, David B. Copithorne, Charles L. Rice, and John M. Kowalchuk. "Power reserve following ramp-incremental cycling to exhaustion: implications for muscle fatigue and function." Journal of Applied Physiology 125, no. 2 (2018): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00722.2017.

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In ramp-incremental cycling exercise, some individuals are capable of producing power output (PO) in excess of that produced at their limit of tolerance (LoT) whereas others cannot. This study sought to describe the 1) prevalence of a “power reserve” within a group of young men ( n = 21; mean ± SD: age 25 ± 4 yr; V̇o2max 45 ± 8 ml·kg−1·min−1); and 2) muscle fatigue characteristics of those with and without a power reserve. “Power reserve” (ΔPReserve) was determined as the difference between peak PO achieved during a ramp-incremental test to exhaustion and maximal, single-leg isokinetic dynamom

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El Sehiemy, Ragab A., Adel A. Abou El Ela, and Abdelallah Shaheen. "A Multi-Objective Fuzzy-Based Procedure for Reactive Power-Based Preventive Emergency Strategy." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 13 (December 2014): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.13.91.

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This paper proposes a multi-objective fuzzy linear programming (MFLP) procedure for maximizing the effects of preventive reactive power control actions to overcome any emergency condition when they occurred. The proposed procedure is very significant and seeks to eliminate violation constraints and give an optimal reactive power reserve for multi-operating conditions. The proposed multi-objective functions are: minimizing the real transmission losses, maximizing the reactive power reserve at certain generator and maximizing the reactive power reserve at all generation systems and/or switchable

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