Relevant bibliographies by topics / Power transformer inrush current

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Academic literature on the topic 'Power transformer inrush current'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 7 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Power transformer inrush current"

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Nitin Mahadeo Khandare. "Differentiation Between Inrush and Fault Currents in Transformers to Avoid Malfunctioning of Protection Scheme." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 38s (2025): 421–29. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i38s.6865.

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The power transformers are key components of the today's power systems. To ensure smooth operation, it modifies the supply's voltages and current levels at different power system stages. Differentiating between fault currents and inrush currents is the most crucial component of transformer protection. The most vital part of a protection strategy for transformer is the ability to differentiate between inrush current and internal fault currents. Therefore, safeguarding it is crucial to ensuring the power system operates steadily and consistently. Inrush current is the primary cause of protective system breakdowns. Thus, timely and precise fault current and inrush current discrimination is essential for reliable and satisfying power system operation.
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Patil, Bhushan Prataprao, and Shah Paresh Jaychand Dr. "A REVIEW ON FAULT CLASSIFICATION METHODOLOGIES IN TRANSFORMER"." International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 6, no. 1 (2019): 449–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8434792.

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This paper presents a survey on different fault classification methodologies in transformer, when the transformer becomes operational, it experiences a magnetizing inrush current with a magnitude that can range from six to eight times the rated current. This can cause the differential relay to trigger incorrectly and cutting off the transformer's supply lines without need. To avoid deceptively tripping the differential relay and make sure the transformer is operating properly, it's critical to differentiate between inrush current and internal fault current. The second harmonic restraint relay is used by traditional protection systems to distinguish between the internal fault current and the inrush current. The scale and complexity of power systems are growing along with the energy demand, making rapid, stable, and dependable protection systems necessary to preserve crucial components like transformers. Thus, current research focuses on creating unique algorithms for precise separation between internal fault current and inrush current. This review study, which is meant to help researchers new to this topic, examines numerous methods used to distinguish between internal fault current and inrush current in transformers.
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Wang, Xiao Fang. "Transformer Inrush Current Identification Based on EMD+TEO Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 3129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.3129.

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Transformers is one of the most important power system components, its role is to carry power conversion and transmission, transformer manufacturing technology continues to develop, but there is a surge of its problems, factors that have caused the transformer inrush load switching, transformers string parallel operation and fault lines, etc, as a transformer inrush phenomenon often can lead to malfunction of its protection, the correct identification is particularly important means of this paper, the combination of EMD and TEO transformer inrush and fault operation effective identification, theory and simulation confirms the validity and reliability of the algorithm.
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Xiang, Dong, and Fei Yu. "Characteristic Analysis of Ship Transformer Magnetizing Inrush Current and its Suppression Method." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1154.

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Medium voltage in the electric power system of ship typically is powered by a large capacity transformer for low voltage electrical apparatus. When switching on, the primary side of transformer will produce very large current, which would endanger the safe operation of power for ships. The mechanism and characteristics of magnetizing inrush current is analyzed when the transformer switches with no load. We think that the reason caused magnetizing inrush current is transformers saturation. Pre-excitation is presented through a small volume transformer magnetizing method of suppressing the inrush current of transformer and validated by simulation and experiment.
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Nadhirah, Nurul Fatin, Hana Abdull Halim, Nurhakimah Mohd Mukhtar, and Samila Mat Zali. "Varying the energisation condition to mitigate sympathetic inrush current." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 6 (2023): 5975. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i6.pp5975-5985.

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Transformers are generally easy to access and can contribute significantly to entire power system. When a transformer is turned on for the first time, it produces a magnetising inrush current which acts as a starting current. Energisation of transformer has a substantial impact on inrush current and transformer that are connected in parallel. Sympathetic inrush current is a phenomenon that appears when a transformer is switched-on in network whereas the other transformers that was earlier energised. Besides, when sympathetic inrush phenomena occur, the peak and period fluctuate significantly. In this paper, the transformers will be energised in three different ways and each condition will be explored in depth. The operation time of the transformer’s energisation whether it is energised simultaneously or at different times are tested and analysed in terms of their characteristics. It is performed using power system computer aided design (PSCAD) software, starting with a develop model of the energisation and then generate the outcomes. The results of the simulation demonstrate that energising the transformer in different ways can give different effect on the sympathetic inrush current, as well as the variables that affect it and methods for reducing it.
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Desai, B. T., H. O. Gupta, and M. K. Vasantha. "Current transformer performance for inrush current in power transformers." Electric Power Systems Research 14, no. 3 (1988): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(88)90057-0.

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SACHIN, S. DADHE, DR.N.M.LOKHANDE, and A. C. GIDDE PROF. "CALCULATION OF MAGNETIZING INRUSH CURRENT IN TRANSFORMER." JournalNX - A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal NCMTEE-2K17 (March 26, 2017): 108–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1452050.

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When transformer is energized its current reaches very high value generally approximately 10 to 20 times greater than its rated current. This paper deals with study of calculation of inrush current in transformer. Different methods are available to calculate inrush current in transformer. Different methods to calculate inrush current in transformer which depends on operating conditions and type of transformer; which are explained in this paper.The calculation of inrush current is necessary is necessary to predefine the protective system adapted to power transformer. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150270
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Kuvshinov, A., V. Vakhnina, D. Kretov, and A. Chernenko. "The Assessment of a Magnetizing-Current Inrush of a Power Transformer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (2021): 012135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012135.

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Abstract The study aims to propose an analytical tool for determining the parameters of the power transformer magnetizing inrush current caused by geomagnetically induced currents flowing through high-voltage windings with a grounded neutral under the impact of geomagnetic disturbances on the power grid. The analytical equations for the instantaneous magnetizing current under geomagnetic disturbances were obtain by mathematical model of magnetizing branch for a shell-type power transformer. A model base on a magnetization characteristics piecewise-linear approximation for the electrical steel. The magnetizing inrush current amplitude and duration it was found depends on the intensity of geomagnetic disturbances and in cope-link with the dynamics of the power transformer core saturation transient process were determined the changes in the magnetizing inrush current amplitude and duration under geomagnetic disturbances. The magnetizing inrush current amplitude it was found may reach the level of short-circuit current periodic component at the point of power transformer grid connection. The results were verify by comparing the design and experimental values of the magnetizing inrush current amplitude. The advantages of proposed mathematical model shown with justifying the analogy between core saturation under connecting of power transformer to a grid and under geomagnetically induced currents exposed. The piecewise-linear approximation of power transformer magnetization characteristic, allow to obtain the amplitude value of magnetizing inrush current caused by geomagnetically induced currents with an accuracy of 6% and can be used with power grid steady state and transient simulation under geomagnetic disturbances.
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Nassim, A. Iqteit, and Yahya Khalid. "Simulink model of transformer differential protection using phase angle difference based algorithm." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (2020): 1088–98. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp1088-1098.

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An application of phase-angle-difference based algorithm with percentage differential relays is presented in this paper. In the situation where the transformer differential relay is under magnetizing inrush current, the algorithm will be utilized to block the process. In this study, the technique is modeled and implemented using Simulink integrated with MATLAB. The real circuit model of power transformer and current transformers are considered in the simulation model. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the technique in different operation modes; such as, magnetizing inrush currents, current transformers saturation and internal transformer faults.
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Banerjee, Mudita, and Anita Khosla. "Mitigation of magnetising inrush current in three–phase power transformer." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 1 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp39-45.

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<span>During energization of no – load transformers, a high and peaky current flow on the primary side which has rich second harmonics. This current is magnetising inrush current and it is generated when transformer core is driven deep into saturation. This current has various disturbances on transformer attribute; reduced life-span, major voltage drop, insulation weakening, electrical and mechanical vibrations in coils, difficulties in protecting relays and all leads to poor power quality of the electric system. This paper presents the analysis and comparison of recent techniques to reduce the magnitude of inrush current during energization of power transformer. The simulation results are provided for Pre – insertion of resistors, Controlled swithing and Pre – fluxing method. The best method is suggested for mitigating inrush current by simulating in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.</span>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Power transformer inrush current"

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Bernardes, Alexandre Paciencia. "Um esquema completo de proteção diferencial de transformadores para testes em um relé digital." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-16072006-122259/.

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Este trabalho apresenta um procedimento completo de simulação da proteção digital diferencial aplicada a transformadores de potência, visando o emprego deste à avaliação do comportamento de relés comercialmente disponíveis. Foi escolhido o software ATP (Alternative Transients Program) como ferramenta para a simulação de distintas situações sobre um sistema diferencial de proteção aplicado a um transformador de 25 MVA. Dentre as ocorrências evidenciadas, destacam-se: situações de faltas internas, faltas externas, situações de energização e energização com falta interna do transformador, condição de sobreexcitação e de saturação de TC (Transformador de Corrente). Cabe comentar que das simulações a real caracterização sobre o relé em teste, fez-se necessário todo um pré-processamento e análise da informação que será convenientemente abordada e justificada no trabalho apresentado, denotando-se um procedimento comum de teste a ser adotado a esta filosofia de proteção. A metodologia e esquema prático adotado trazem uma contribuição importante para a análise laboratorial de modelagens e simulações aplicadas a relés de proteção presentes no mercado e contribui de maneira substancial para os estudos teóricos de possíveis soluções para limitações eventualmente encontradas<br>This dissertation presents a complete procedure of simulation of digital differential protection applied to power transformers, focusing on its use to evaluate of the behavior of commercially available relays. Software ATP (Alternative Transients Program) was chosen as a tool for the simulation of distinct situations in a differential protection system applied to a 25 MVA three-phase transformer. Amongst the evidenced occurrences internal and external fault conditions, energization with or without internal fault of a three-phase transformer, overexcitation and CT (Current Transformer) saturation conditions were distinguished. It should be mentioned that from simulations to the characterization the real situations on the relay in test, a pre-processing and analysis of the information were necessary, and will be justified in the present study, denoting a common test procedure to be adopted to this philosophy of protection
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Sundberg, Gustav. "Resonant overvoltages caused by transformer energization and saturation : Two EMT case studies conducted using models of the grid in Stockholm and an off-shore wind farm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-453406.

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This thesis investigates the impact of resonant overvoltages and their origin. Series and parallel resonances are present in any electrical grid. The frequency of which this resonance occurs is called resonance frequency. For parallel resonance, which is mainly being studied in this thesis, a high impedance peak can be found at the resonance frequency. This impedance peak in conjunction with a harmonic rich current cause a kind of temporary overvoltages called resonant overvoltages. The harmonic content of the current is high following a fault clearing in the grid, due to transformer saturation. The resonance frequency is heavily dependent on the amount of reactance present in the grid, which entail that a change in reactance causes a change in the resonance frequency. The electromagnetic transient tool PSCAD has been used to investigate resonant overvoltages following transformer energization caused by faults and switching in Stockholm. Secondly, a model was created of a grid connecting off-shore wind power to the mainland via long AC submarine transmission cables. These cables, having a high capacitance, lower the resonance frequency. Faults in this model were simulated to investigate the phenomenon of resonant overvoltages in such a grid. This was especially interesting due to Swedens planned expansion of wind power in the Baltic sea. While resonant overvoltages were found in Stockholm they were not deemed significant due to their low magnitude and longevity. However, severe resonant overvoltages were found in the off-shore wind farm model. The worst resonant overvoltages had a maximum amplitude of the 2nd order harmonic voltage of 130 kV which, while eventually damped, were significant for up to 50 periods. Lastly, the phenomenon of an increased resonance frequency during the saturation of a transformer was studied. The most severe resonant overvoltages occured in a model where the frequency scans showed a resonance frequency of 98 Hz. Indicating, caution needs to be had during EMT-studies of resonant overvoltages while choosing what resonance frequency to study.
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Cezar, Vinicius Oiring de Castro. "Contribution au renvoi de tension et à la reconstitution du réseau. Estimation des flux rémanents dans un transformateur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT046/document.

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Lors de la réalimentation des auxiliaires d'une tranche nucléaire ou hydraulique, l'étape la plus à risque est la remise sous tension brusque du transformateur à cause des surtensions et courants d'appels générés. Ces phénomènes transitoires engendrent des effets très indésirables autant pour le réseau comme pour le transformateur (efforts électrodynamiques sous les bobinages, vibration du circuit magnétique, bruit et vieillissement prématuré du transformateur.) Le but de ces travaux de thèse est de proposer de nouvelles méthodologies permettant d'évaluer les paramètres mal connus (les valeurs des flux rémanents présents dans le circuit magnétique du transformateur avant sa mise sous tension). Face aux problèmes actuelles pour l'estimer (méthode non directe, dérive, imprécision de la mesure de la tension, etc.), deux nouvelles méthodes basées sur la magnétisation préalable du circuit magnétique (méthode de prefluxing) et sur la mesure des flux de fuites du circuit magnétique (méthode de mesure directe de flux par mesure de l’induction magnétique) sont proposées<br>During the re-energization of the auxiliaries of a nuclear or hydraulic power plant, the most dangerous step is the re-energization of the power transformer, because of the temporary overvoltage and inrush currents. These transients phenomenon causes undesirable effects for both network and for the power transformer (electrodynamic forces over the windings, the magnetic circuit’s vibration, noise and the premature aging of the transformer). The goal of these thesis is to suggest new methodologies allowing us to evaluate unknown parameters (the residual flux’s values in the magnetic circuit before transformer’s energization). According to the latest problems in order to evaluate it (no direct method, derivation, voltage measurement error, etc) two new methods based on the previous magnetization of the magnetic circuit (prefluxing method) and on the leakage flux measurement of the magnetic circuit (direct measurement of the flux by measuring the magnetic induction method) are proposed
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Brunke, John H. "Elimination of transient inrush currents when energizing unloaded power transformers /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=12791.

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Solh, Joukhah Zahra. "Operation of HVDC converters for transformer inrush current reduction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461569.

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The present PhD thesis deals with transformer inrush current in offshore grids including offshore wind farms and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems. The inrush phenomenon during transformers energization or recovery after the fault clearance is one of important concerns in offshore systems which can threaten the security and reliability of the HVDC grid operation as well as the wind farms function. Hence, the behaviour of wind turbines,Voltage Source Converters (VSC) and transformer under the normal operation and the inrush transient mode is analyzed. For inrush current reduction in the procedure of the offshore wind farms start-up and integration into the onshore AC grid, a technique based on Voltage Ramping Strategy (VRS) is proposed and its performance is compared with the operation of system without consideration of this approach. The new methodology which is simple, cost-effective ensures minimization of transformer inrush current in the offshore systems and the enhancement of power quality and the reliability of grid under the transformer energizing condition. The mentioned method can develop much lower inrush currents according to the slower voltage ramp slopes. Concerning the recovery inrush current, the operation of the offshore grid especially transformers is analyzed under the fault and the system restoration modes.The recovery inrush transient of transformers can cause tripping the HVDC and wind farms converters as well as disturbing the HVDC power transmission. A voltage control design based on VRS is proposed in HVDC converter to recover ali the transformers in offshore grid with lower inrush currents.The control system proposed can assure the correct performance of the converters in HVDC system and in wind farm and also the robust stability of the offshore grid.<br>Esta tesis doctoral estudia las corrientes de energización de transformadores de parques eólicos marinos con aerogeneradores con convertidores en fuente de tensión (VSC) de plena potencia conectados a través de una conexión de Alta Tensión en Corriente Continua (HVDC). Las corrientes de energización pueden disminuir la fiabilidad de la transmisión eléctrica debido a disparos intempestivos de las protecciones durante la puesta en marcha o recuperación de una falta. Para la mitigación de las corrientes de energización durante la puesta en marcha del parque esta tesis propone una nueva estrategia basada en incrementar la tensión aplicada por el convertidor del parque eólico en forma de rampa (VRS). Este método persigue energizar el parque eólico con el menor coste y máxima fiabilidad. La tesis analiza diferentes escenarios y diferentes rampas. Otro momento en que las corrientes de energización pueden dar lugar a un disparo intempestivo de las protecciones es durante la recuperación de una falta en la red de alterna del parque eólico marino. Esta tesis extiende la estrategia VRS, utilizada durante la puesta en marcha del convertidor del parque, para los escenarios de recuperación de una falta.
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Liu, Tian. "Manoeuvre contrôlée des transformateurs de puissance avec flux rémanent." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00631516.

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Le transformateur de puissance est un équipement essentiel d'un réseau électrique et le plus coûteux dans les postes. Pour augmenter son degré de disponibilité et de fiabilité, il est nécessaire d'appliquer la manœuvre contrôlée afin de diminuer la saturation du noyau lors de l'enclenchement, et donc limiter les courants d'appel. Ces derniers sont asymétriques, d'amplitude élevée, et riches en harmoniques. Ils peuvent causer des effets indésirables comme le disfonctionnement des dispositifs de protections, l'endommagement mécanique des enroulements du transformateur et réduire en général la durée de vie et la qualité des systèmes. Une technique efficace pour réduire ces courants d'appel est de mettre sous tension le transformateur quand le flux dynamique généré par la source est égal à son flux rémanent. Un modèle simplifié du transformateur de puissance est adopté pour l'analyse des phénomènes physiques liés à l'application des manœuvres. Pour évaluer le degré de faisabilité de cette technique, des simulations sont effectuées en utilisant le simulateur de réseau EMTP. Les contraintes requises pour chacun des composants du système de manœuvre contrôlée comme les segments de ligne, les disjoncteurs sont étudiées en détail pour déterminer l'algorithme de calcul de l'instant optimal de manœuvres. Ensuite des tests de validation statistiques sont effectués afin d'évaluer les performances des différentes approches employées. Enfin une étude consacrée à la reconstitution du flux rémanent via un transformateur capacitif de tension (TCT) est menée pour appliquer l'algorithme de manœuvre contrôlée dans les postes en utilisant les équipements de mesure déjà existants.
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Peng, Jinsheng. "Assessment of transformer energisation transients and their impacts on power systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/assessment-of-transformer-energisation-transients-and-their-impacts-on-power-systems(c32615d7-45c5-4eae-8465-62be67890adc).html.

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Transformers are essential components facilitating transmission and distribution of electric power. Energisation of transformers, however, can cause core operating at deep saturation region and thereby induce transient inrush currents of high magnitude and with rich harmonics. This can lead to undesirable effects including potential damage to the transformer itself, relay mal-operation, harmonic resonant overvoltages, and reduced power quality in the system (mainly in the form of voltage dips). This thesis investigates voltage dips caused by energising generator step-up (GSU) transformers and two types of generation connection are studied: one is a combine cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant connected to a 400 kV transmission grid and the other is a large offshore wind farm connected to a 132 kV distribution grid. To carry out the investigation, detailed network models were developed in alternative transients program/electromagnetic transients program (ATP/EMTP) and validated with the help of field measurements. For the connection of generation in the transmission grid, deterministic assessment was conducted to comparatively analyse voltage dips caused by energising large GSU transformers under different energisation conditions and different network conditions; special attention was paid to the energisation cases involving sympathetic inrush between transformers by addressing its prolonging effects on voltage dips, with sensitivity studies further carried out to identify the key influential parameters. In addition, stochastic assessment was conducted by applying Monte Carlo method, which helps identify the dip frequency pattern and the likelihood of reaching the dip magnitude resulted from the commonly agreed worst case energisation condition; their sensitivities to the variation of circuit breaker closing time span, transformer core residual flux, system condition and the number of transformers being energized together were also investigated. Furthermore, possible cost-effective operational approaches to mitigate the voltage dips were explored and compared. For the connection of large offshore wind farm, voltage dips caused by energising wind turbine transformers under different scenarios were assessed; in particular, sympathetic inrush between wind turbine transformers were studied, and the energisation sequence resulting in less sympathetic inrush was deterministically identified and stochastically validated. The simulation results of deterministic studies indicate that, when carrying out energisation of a large GSU transformer in the transmission grid under the commonly agreed worst case energisation condition, the dip magnitude can reach 9.6% and the duration 2.7 seconds; moreover, when coupled with sympathetic inrush, the duration can be prolonged by 136%, lasting for 6.4 seconds. The sensitivity studies show that transformer core saturation inductance is the key parameter determining dip magnitude and transformer copper losses is the key parameter determining dip duration. Stochastic assessment of voltage dips shows that, out of 1000 stochastic dip events, less than 0.5% of the dips can reach the worst case dip magnitude and about 80% are of magnitudes less than 0.6 pu of the worst case dip magnitude; the dip frequency pattern is found to be insensitive to the circuit breaker closing time variation but can be considerably influenced by the residual flux distribution. In terms of mitigation measures, it was proven that, by adjusting tap changer position, applying static var compensator and even opening coupler circuit breaker in the substation, the degree of voltage dip especially the dip duration can be significantly reduced. Contrasting to those observed in the transmission grid, voltage dips resulted from energising wind turbine transformers in large offshore wind farms are of less concern; dip magnitudes are no more than 1% in the case of energising a stand-alone wind turbine transformer. However, sympathetic inrush between wind turbine transformers within one feeder was found to be significant and the energisation sequence resulting in less sympathetic inrush is to separately energise the wind turbine transformer from the one closest to the offshore platform to the one farthest away from the platform.
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Vaheeshan, Jeganathan. "Transformer fault-recovery inrush currents in MMC-HVDC systems and mitigation strategies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/transformer-faultrecovery-inrush-currents-in-mmchvdc-systems-and-mitigation-strategies(05f7a9ad-5967-47aa-b72c-e55ad1d33eb7).html.

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The UK Government has set an ambitious target to achieve 15% of final energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology is an attractive solution for integrating offshore wind power farms farther from the coast. In the near future, more windfarms are likely to be connected to the UK grid using HVDC links. With the onset of this fairly new technology, new challenges are inevitable. This research is undertaken to help assist with these challenges by looking at possibilities of problems with respect to faster AC/DC interaction modes, especially, on the impact of inrush currents which occur during fault-recovery transients. In addition to that, possible mitigation strategies are also investigated. Initially, the relative merits of different transformer models are analysed with respect to inrush current transient studies. The most appropriate transformer model is selected and further validated using field measurement data. A detailed electro-magnetic-transient (EMT) model of a grid-connected MMC-HVDC system is prepared in PSCAD/EMTDC to capture the key dynamics of fault-recovery transformer inrush currents. It is shown that the transformer in an MMC system can evoke inrush currents during fault recovery, and cause transient interactions with the converter and the rest of the system, which should not be neglected. It is shown for the first time through a detailed dynamic analysis that if the current sensors of the inner-current control loops are placed at the converter-side of the transformer instead of the grid-side, the inrush currents will mainly flow from the grid and decay faster. This is suggested as a basic remedial action to protect the converter from inrush currents. Afterwards, analytical calculations of peak flux-linkage magnitude in each phase, following a voltage-sag recovery transient, are derived and verified. The effects of zero-sequence currents and fault resistance on the peak flux linkage magnitude are systematically explained. A zero-sequence-current suppression controller is also proposed. A detailed study is carried out to assess the key factors that affect the maximum peak flux-linkage and magnetisation-current magnitudes, especially with regard to fault specific factors such as fault inception angle, duration and fault-current attenuation. Subsequently, the relative merits of a prior-art inrush current mitigation strategy and its implementation challenges in a grid-connected MMC converter are analysed. It is shown that the feedforward based auxiliary flux-offset compensation scheme, as incorporated in the particular strategy, need to be modified with a feedback control technique, to alleviate the major drawbacks identified. Following that, eight different feedback based control schemes are devised, and a detailed dynamic and transient analysis is carried out to find the best control scheme. The relative merits of the identified control scheme and its implementation challenges in a MMC converter are also analysed. Finally, a detailed EMT model of an islanded MMC-HVDC system is implemented in PSCAD/EMTDC and the impacts of fault-recovery inrush currents are analysed. For that, initially, a MMC control scheme is devised in the synchronous reference frame and its controllers are systematically tuned. To obtain an improved performance, an equivalent control scheme is derived in the stationary reference frame with Proportional-Resonant controllers, and incorporated in the EMT model. Following that, two novel inrush current mitigation strategies are proposed, with the support of analytical equations, and verified.
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McNeill, John Neville. "Current transformer circuits for power electronics applications." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2008. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/6196.

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This thesis investigates the operation of the current transfonner (CT) when sensing retum-to-zero current pulses in power electronic circuitry. The CT's output signal is nonnally rectified when sensing current pulses and the effects of the different rectification techniques on peak current and average current droop are evaluated. Initially, the various current sensing techniques and their application in power electronics circuits are reviewed. The CT and both diode and synchronous rectification are then reviewed in more detail. Operation of the CT with diode rectification (DR) and natural resetting is investigated. Three operating modes are identified. These are the discontinuous magnetizing current, continuous magnetizing current and discontinuous secondary current modes. The error (droop) in the average output signal obtained is found to be predominantly defined by CT core losses. Coefficients are given for correcting the error due to droop, provided that the discontinuous secondary current mode is avoided. Diode rectification with the dual CT arrangement is also investigated. Operation of the CT with synchronous rectification (SR) and natural resetting is then investigated. The SR topologies possible using a discrete MOSFET are categorized. During experimentation the arrangement used to drive the MOSFET's gate is found to be important if distortion is to be minimized. It also is found that the average current droop is dependent on the oscillatory behaviour of the resetting circuit and has an effectively random component. The magnitude of this component is defined by the voltage drop exhibited by the SR MOSFET's intrinsic anti-parallel diode. SR is then implemented using a commercially available analogue switch. The problems detailed with the use of a discrete MOSFET are largely alleviated. Another benefit is that the increased restriction on maximum duty factor imposed by introducing a discrete MOSFET is also eased. However, whichever SR technique is implemented, an operational amplifier is used and the transient response of this circuit element is important. A method of minimizing droop by indirect sensing of the CT's peak core flux excursion is then presented. A corresponding correcting voltage is applied in series with the CT's output terminals during a current pulse. The magnitude of this voltage is based on the magnitude of the resetting voltage sensed during previous switching cycles. A circuit is implemented and simulated. Experimental results are presented. A switched-mode circuit operating at a frequency higher than that of the main power circuit is then used to apply the correcting voltage with the objective of reducing the power drawn. Again, the circuit is implemented and simulated and experimental results are presented.
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Marques, Jeferson Prates. "Proteção de transformadores de potência eclassificação de transitórios elétricos por meio da transformada wavelet discreta." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8549.

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This dissertation presents the development of an algorithm for classifying electrical transients in power transformers for protection. Initially the main transient involving power transformers were analyzed, with a special focus on the magnetizing current that occur during energizing equipment, known as inrush currents. Among the studied transient, current inrush are those that present greater difficulty in identification and discrimination by the differential protection, due to its high peak magnitude. In a second moment, was developed a test system implemented in ATP / EMTP software for the simulation of different operating situations of the power transformer, current data being obtained from TCs for analysis. After known the problem and implement a test for acquisition system, we developed an algorithm based on the last samples of the detail coefficients, called Details Signals, from the decomposition of the data of differential phase current using the Discrete Wavelet Transform. The methodology has the objective improve the system for protection of the transformer, becoming one efficient alternative for the identification of transients.<br>Esta dissertação apresenta o desenvolvimento de um algoritmo para classificação de transitórios elétricos em transformadores de potência, para fins de proteção. Inicialmente foram analisados os principais transitórios associados aos transformadores de potência, tendo um foco especial na corrente de magnetização que surge durante a energização do equipamento, conhecida como corrente de inrush. Dentre os transitórios estudados, as correntes de inrush são as que apresentam maior dificuldade de identificação e discriminação por parte da proteção diferencial, devido a sua alta magnitude de pico. Em um segundo momento, foi desenvolvido um sistema teste implementado no software ATP para a simulação das diversas situações de operação do transformador de potência, sendo obtidos dados de correntes a partir dos TCs para análise. Após conhecer o problema e implementar um sistema teste para a obtenção dos dados, desenvolveu-se um algoritmo baseado nas últimas amostras dos coeficientes de detalhes, chamada de Sinais de Detalhes, provenientes da decomposição dos dados de correntes diferenciais das fases por meio da Transformada Wavelet Discreta. A metodologia desenvolvida tem como objetivo melhorar o sistema de proteção do transformador, tornando-se uma alternativa eficiente para a identificação de transitórios.
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Books on the topic "Power transformer inrush current"

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Brunke, John H. Elimination of transient inrush currents when energizing unloaded power transformers. 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Power transformer inrush current"

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Zhao, Shiyuan, and Wu Xing. "A Neural Network-Based Scheme for Inrush Current Diagnosis of Power Transformer." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1428-5_71.

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Mahtani, Kumar. "Reduction of Transformer Inrush Currents to Improve Power Quality in Weak Power Systems Via Auxiliary Transformer Energization Branches." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7921-5_18.

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Yuan, Manman, Jiabao Du, Dingqian Yang, and Shan Li. "Research on Suppression Strategy of Power Transformer Excitation Inrush Current Based on Pre-Demagnetization and Quantified Magnetization." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8828-6_34.

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Wu, Li-Cheng, and Chih-Wen Liu. "The Inrush Current Eliminator of Transformer." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28314-7_55.

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Chothani, Nilesh, Maulik Raichura, and Dharmesh Patel. "Introduction to Magnetic Inrush of Power Transformer." In Studies in Infrastructure and Control. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3870-4_3.

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Klimash, Vladimir S., and Rustam R. Nimatov. "Power Transformer Electronic Starter." In Current Problems and Ways of Industry Development: Equipment and Technologies. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69421-0_60.

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Xu, Hang, Xu-hong Yang, and Yu-jun Wu. "The Simulation of Applying Wavelet Transform to Identify Transformer Inrush Current." In Advances in Computer Science, Environment, Ecoinformatics, and Education. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23324-1_60.

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Zhao, Chunfang, Yundong Song, Dewei Kong, et al. "Elimination of Transformer Inrush Current by Three-Phase Linkage Circuit Breakers." In Advances in Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32591-6_98.

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Zhou, Yu, Chengchuang Wu, Chao Zhang, and Wanbin Ren. "Electrical Contact Performance Simulation for Power Electromechanical Relay Under Inrush Current Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-1868-2_35.

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Chen, Lei, Hongkun Chen, Li Ren, and Yuejin Tang. "Virtual-Real Comprehensive Current Limiting Method with SFCL for Solid-State Transformer." In Applications of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters in Power Electronics-Dominated Power Systems. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2858-3_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Power transformer inrush current"

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Lindell, Elisabeth, Johan Nohlert, Jesper Magnusson, and Andreas Brandt. "Minimizing Inrush Current and Voltage Dip at Energization of Transformer." In 2024 7th International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology (ICEPE-ST). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icepe-st61894.2024.10792497.

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Shekari, Mohammadreza, Danil N. Asainov, Yury V. Monakov, and Alexander V. Murzintsev. "Power Transformer Inrush Current: Mitigation Strategies Using Diesel Generators and Soft Starters." In 2025 7th International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/reepe63962.2025.10970973.

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Vazquez, M., V. Torres-García, L. N. Rueda-Can, N. Solís-Ramos, and S. Ramirez-Zavala. "Measurement and Analysis of the Inrush Current in a 60 MVA Power Transformer." In 2024 IEEE PES Generation, Transmission and Distribution Latin America Conference and Industrial Exposition (GTDLA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/gtdla61236.2024.10913729.

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Chu, Wenchao, Qiong Wang, Bo Yang, et al. "Analysis and Study of Excitation Inrush Current Characteritics of High-Impedance Power Transformer." In 2025 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Artificial Intelligence (SGAI). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/sgai64825.2025.11009544.

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Blagorazumov, D. O., M. S. Malyutin, and A. A. Volkova. "Identification of Magnetizing Inrush Current for A Power Transformer Based on the Magnetic Flux." In 2024 7th International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference on Relay Protection and Automation (RPA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/rpa65165.2024.10932903.

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Stinskiy, Alexandr, Frank Mieske, and Sebastian Schneider. "Inrush Detection Through Current Wave Shape Analysis – Advanced Transformer Protection for Power Grids with IBRs." In 2025 78th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CFPR). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/cfpr67343.2025.11013088.

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Huang, Dachao, Ziyin Wang, Qi Long, et al. "Research on Transformer Inrush Current Suppression and Optimal Closing Angle Considering Switching Resistance and Residual Flux." In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Power Systems and Smart Grid Technologies (PSSGT). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/pssgt64932.2025.11034225.

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Mahtani, Kumar, Rubén Pascual Jimenez, José M. Guerrero, Carlos A. Platero, David Talavera, and María D. López. "Optimal Sizing of Premagnetization Transformers to Mitigate the Inrush Current of Power Transformers." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2024 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope61470.2024.10751647.

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Burkard, J., and J. Biela. "Transformer inrush current mitigation concept for hybrid transformers." In 2017 19th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'17 ECCE Europe). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/epe17ecceeurope.2017.8099283.

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Balachandran, D. P., R. Sreerama Kumar, and B. Jayanand. "Volt-Second Balance Method For Mitigation of Inrush Current in Single Phase Transformers." In International Conference on Power System Operation and Energy Management. Interscience Research Network, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47893/icpsoem.2012.1001.

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During the transient period at the start of transformer energization, it experiences a flux linkage that is up to twice its nominal steady state value and saturates the core. This causes a large inrush current to flow which affects the power system stability and power quality especially when the source is weak. Sequential phase energization technique and addition of neutral resistor are the major methods for minimization of inrush current. This paper proposes a simple technique to limit the flux linkage during the time of transformer energization and prevents the flux saturation there by reducing the inrush current. This is based on a volt-second balance which injects a transient voltage to the primary of the transformer during inrush currents. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation.
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Reports on the topic "Power transformer inrush current"

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Tow Leong, Tiang, Mohd Saufi Ahmad, Ang Qian Yee, et al. HANDBOOK OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN FOR NON-DOMESTIC BUILDING. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58915/techrpt2023.001.

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This technical report presents the electrical system installation design for development of a factory with 1 storey and 2 storey of offices. Firstly, the general methodology of designing the electrical system are elaborated in this report. As overall, the methodologies in designing the components of the electrical system are explained and elaborated, which included: (a) load and maximum demand estimation; (b) miniature circuit breaker (MCB) selection; (c) moulded case circuit breaker (MCCB) selection; (d) air circuit breaker (ACB) selection, (e) residual current device (RCD) selection; (f) protection relay selection; (g) current transformer (CT) selection; (h) sizing selection for cable and live conductors; (i) capacitor bank selection for power factor correction (PFC); and (j) distribution transformer and its protection devices selection. Then, the electrical system of this project is computed and designed by using the methodologies aforementioned. Firstly, the electrical system of various distribution boards (DBs) with the protection/metering devices along with its phase and earthing cables for every final circuits are designed and installed in the factory. Next, the installation is proceeded with the electrical system of main switchboard (MSB) with the protection/metering devices along with its phase and earthing cables for every DBs. Also, the electrical system of PFC by using detuned capacitor bank with various protection/metering devices is designed and built in the plant. Apart from that, the factory is equipped with the electrical system of high tension (HT) room that included the distribution power transformer with the protection/metering devices along with its phase and earthing cables. Lastly, the methodologies and the computation design of the electrical system installation in the context of connected load, load currents, maximum demand, MCB, MCCB, ACB, RCD, protection relay, metering CTs, live cable, protection conductor/earth cable, detuned capacitor bank, and distribution transformer, are prepared according to several important standards, for instance, the MS IEC 60364, Electrical Installations for Buildings, Suruhanjaya Tenaga (ST) – Non-Domestic Electrical Installation Safety Code, Electricity Supply Application Handbook, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB).
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