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Journal articles on the topic 'Powerline Communication (PLC)'
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Karakuş, Oktay, Ercan E. Kuruoğlu, and Mustafa A. Altınkaya. "Modelling impulsive noise in indoor powerline communication systems." Signal, Image and Video Processing 14, no. 8 (2020): 1655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11760-020-01708-1.
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Abstract Powerline communication (PLC) is an emerging technology that has an important role in smart grid systems. Due to making use of existing transmission lines for communication purposes, PLC systems are subject to various noise effects. Among those, the most challenging one is the impulsive noise compared to the background and narrowband noise. In this paper, we present a comparative study on modelling the impulsive noise amplitude in indoor PLC systems by utilising several impulsive distributions. In particular, as candidate distributions, we use the symmetric $$\alpha $$ α -Stable (S$$\alpha $$ α S), generalised Gaussian, Bernoulli Gaussian and Student’s t distribution families as well as the Middleton Class A distribution, which dominates the literature as the impulsive noise model for PLC systems. Real indoor PLC system noise measurements are investigated for the simulation studies, which show that the S$$\alpha $$ α S distribution achieves the best modelling success when compared to the other families in terms of the statistical error criteria, especially for the tail characteristics of the measured data sets.
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ALANSI, M., I. ELSHAFIEY, A. AL-SANIE, S. ALGHUWAINEM, and H. AL-SHARARI. "MC-OFDMA FOR MULTI-USER DETECTION SCHEMES IN POWERLINE COMMUNICATION." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 08 (2013): 1350063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613500631.
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Support of multiple users in wideband powerline communication (PLC) is essential to enhance the dependence on such emerging systems. This paper presents novel adaptations of the space division multiple access (SDMA) techniques to PLC. Multicarrier data transmission and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) techniques are invoked to mitigate the technical challenges of PLC channel impairments and enhance the spectral efficiency. Performance is enhanced using orthogonal Walsh–Hadamard codes. Linear and nonlinear multi-user detection (MUD) schemes are investigated, including the optimal maximum likelihood (ML) methods and the near-optimal sphere detectors(SDs). Presented results indicate the potential of the proposed scheme to enhance wideband PLC systems.
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Chen, S., M. Setta, X. Chen, and C. G. Parini. "Ultra wideband powerline communication (PLC) above 30 MHz." IET Communications 3, no. 10 (2009): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2008.0557.
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Llano, Asier, Itziar Angulo, David de la Vega, and Laura Marron. "Virtual PLC Lab Enabled Physical Layer Improvement Proposals for PRIME and G3-PLC Standards." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051777.
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Narrowband (NB) powerline communication (PLC) is extensively adopted by utilities for the communication in advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) systems. PLC technology needs to overcome channel disturbances present in certain grid segments. This study analyzes improvement proposals of the physical layer of the main narrowband PLC technologies approved by international communication organizations that are currently deployed in Europe: Powerline Intelligent Metering Evolution (PRIME) 1.3.6, PRIME 1.4, and G3-PLC, in order to improve PLC performance under channel disturbances. This thorough study is based on simulations carried out by an innovative ad hoc Virtual PLC Lab, developed by the authors, applied in replicable, fully-automated, and cost reduced test scenarios. The analysis is performed by applying standardized test methods and metrics, and by evaluating the influence of a set of representative channel disturbances defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and selected noises generated by distributed energy resources (DER) in normal operation. PLC performance improvements in terms of equalizer curve fitting, error correction codes, and noisy subcarrier suppression mechanisms are presented. The performance gain due to each physical improvement proposal is accurately measured and compared under the same conditions in a replicable and automated test environment in order to evaluate the use of the proposals in the evolution of future PLC technologies.
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Beshir, Abduselam Hamid, Simone Negri, Xinglong Wu, et al. "Behavioral Model of G3-Powerline Communication Modems for EMI Analysis." Energies 16, no. 8 (2023): 3336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083336.
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G3-powerline communication (G3-PLC) is a robust communication protocol originally developed for smart metering in low-voltage power distribution networks. Modeling G3-PLC modems is an essential task to investigate electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues related to the coexistence of the PLC signal with the high-frequency noise affecting low-voltage networks, mainly due to the presence of power converters and non-linear loads. Since detailed information on the modem internal architecture is usually not available to the end-user, this work investigates the possibility of developing behavioral (black-box) models of G3-PLC modems, whose parameters can be estimated starting from measurements carried out at the modem output ports. To this end, suitable test benches are set up and used for model-parameter extraction as well as for validation purposes. Experiments have proven that an equivalent representation involving non-ideal voltage sources (i.e., in terms of extended Thevenin/Norton equivalent circuits) is no longer feasible for the transmitting modem, since the presence of a closed-loop control system invalidates the linearity assumption. Hence, while the receiving modem is still modeled through an impedance matrix (since it behaves as a linear device), an alternative representation is proposed for the transmitting modem, which resorts to the use of two ideal voltage sources in accordance with the substitution theorem. Experimental results prove that the proposed modeling strategy leads to satisfactory predictions of the currents propagating on the PLC system in the frequency interval of interest. Hence, it could be used in combination with high-frequency models of the other components in the network to investigate EMC and the coexistence of the PLC signal with the high-frequency noise generated by power converters.
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Chien, Ying-Ren, and Hao-Chun Yu. "Mitigating Impulsive Noise for Wavelet-OFDM Powerline Communication." Energies 12, no. 8 (2019): 1567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081567.
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Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is an important application of smart grid communication technology used for the remote monitoring and control of smart meters. Broadband powerline communication (BB-PLC) systems could perhaps be used for AMI; however, impulsive noise (IN) greatly degrades performance. In addition to the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), IEEE 1901 specifications have defined the other physical layer called wavelet-based OFDM. Even though many existing studies have reported the IN mitigation algorithms for the FFT-based OFDM system, these approaches may not directly apply to the wavelet-OFDM-based PLC systems. In this paper, we propose a robust receiver for PLC systems based on wavelet-OFDM. The proposed receiver comprises a pre-IN mitigation block, an adaptive inverse discrete wavelet transform, and an iterative IN reconstruction block. The iterative cancellation of strong IN samples leads to a gradual improvement in the quality of the received signal. Instead of using the frequency domain approach, we reduce the inter-dependency of the channel estimation and per-subchannel equalization by using the time domain signal processing. Besides, we apply variable step-size adaptive algorithms to reduce the impact of IN during the training processes for the channel estimator and per-subchannel equalizer. In accordance with IEEE 1901 specifications, we built a simulation environment to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results demonstrated that conventional blanking devices fall short in terms of IN mitigation, and that the proposed scheme is able to achieve performance values approaching those obtained in cases without IN.
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Elfeki, Imène, Sébastien Jacques, Ismail Aouichak, Thierry Doligez, Yves Raingeaud, and Jean-Charles Le Bunetel. "Characterization of Narrowband Noise and Channel Capacity for Powerline Communication in France." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113022.
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Narrowband powerline communication (NB-PLC) systems represent a key step for the real development of smart grids’ applications in the medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) networks. This article sums up the results of a complete experimental measurement campaign aimed at investigating the low voltage NB-PLC channel in the frequency range from 9 to 500 kHz in various sites (i.e., rural, urban etc.) located in France. The noise features in time-frequency representation are studied at five different sites between the transformer substation and the smart electricity meter. The main contribution of this study consists in estimating the theoretical channel capacity which constitutes a major interest for the users and actors of the electrical system. The channel capacity calculation shows reliable results in the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) band (a few Mbits/s). The quality of the communication in the FCC band enables to integrate new smart grids’ applications and services based on the existing NB-PLC communication for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI).
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Andrade, Joabe Araújo de, Robson Hebraico Cipriano Maniçoba, Marcelo Alves Guimarães, et al. "Análise da qualidade de redes PLC por meio da aplicação do serviço VoIP." Revista Eletrônica do Alto Vale do Itajaí 2, no. 4 (2015): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/2764747102042013074.
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Atualmente, experiências realizadas em todo o mundo, inclusive no Brasil, já provam a robustez da PowerLine Communication (PLC), apontando que esta tecnologia pode oferecer um largo espectro de aplicações, desde acesso à Internet em banda larga, telefonia, tele-controle, automação residencial, serviços audiovisuais, segurança predial, entre outros, promovendo a integração de diferentes serviços em um único meio físico, sendo um destes a aplicação VoIP. Apesar de está sendo difundida na atualidade, é comprovada a utilização do PLC desde o início do século XX, devido à necessidade das empresas distribuidoras de energia em controlar e monitorar as suas linhas. O presente trabalho visou apresentar uma análise sobre a tecnologia que possibilita transmitir dados e eletricidade em um mesmo meio físico, o PLC. Portanto, com o intuito de comprovar a qualidade deste método foram apresentados alguns estudos no tocante ao fornecimento de telefonia, através de Voice over IP (VoIP), ratificando a posição da PowerLine Communication como uma alternativa de rede de acesso de telecomunicações.
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Ezzine, Sana, Fatma Abdelkefi, Jean Pierre Cances, Vahid Meghdadi, and Ammar Bouallégue. "Evaluation of PLC Channel Capacity and ABER Performances for OFDM-Based Two-Hop Relaying Transmission." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4827274.
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Powerline network is recognized as a favorable infrastructure for Smart Grid to transmit information in the network thanks to its broad coverage and low cost deployment. The existing works are trying to improve and adapt transmission techniques to reduce Powerline Communication (PLC) channel attenuation and exploit the limited bandwidth to support high data rate over long distances. Two-hop relaying BroadBand PLC (BB-PLC) system, in which Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is used, is considered in this paper. We derive and compare the PLC channel capacity and the end-to-end Average BER (ABER) for OFDM-based direct link (DL) BB-PLC system and for OFDM-based two-hop relaying BB-PLC system for Amplify and Forward (AF) and Decode and Forward (DF) protocols. We analyze the improvements when we consider the direct link in a cooperative communication when the relay node only transmits the correctly decoded signal. Maximum ratio combining is employed at the destination node to detect the transmitted signal. In addition, in this paper, we highlight the impact of the relay location on the channel capacity and ABER for AF and DF transmission protocols. Moreover, an efficient use of the direct link was also investigated in this paper.
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Vera Parra, Nelson Enrique, and Sheyla Belen Olaya Aldana. "Sistema de comunicaciones sobre la red eléctrica de Neiva." Ingeniería y Región 3 (December 30, 2004): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25054/22161325.858.
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Powerline Communication (PLC) es la respuesta a la búsqueda de tecnologías avanzadas en el área de telecomunicaciones que sean capaces de utilizar un medio de transmisión ya existente con el fin de poder ofrecer soluciones de mejor costo.
 PLC es una tecnología que utiliza la red eléctrica como medio de transmisión, debido aque esta es la estructura física que ofrece mayor interconexión en todo el mundo.
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Ghyu Sun, Young, Yu Min Hwang, Issac Sim, and Jin Young Kim. "Interference Analysis of PLC Convergence System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.4 (2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.4.19593.
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In this paper, we propose a convergence system with visible light communication (VLC) and powerline communication (PLC) for home network. Also, we analyze the performance of interference mitigation scheme for the proposed system model. The proposed system is able to offer multimedia services with high speed in indoor wireless environment. Interference scenario is suggested to demonstrate the proposed system. And the scenario analyzed by applying minimum mean square error (MMSE) and zero-forcing (ZF) schemes to reduce the interference. From simulation results, we confirm that interference has a significant effect on the proposed system performance and the applied detectors are highly effective for interference mitigation.
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Sukoco, Muhammad Helmi, Gunawan Wibisono, and Kukuh Nugroho. "Implementasi Komunikasi Data Menggunakan Sistem PLC (Power Line Communication)." Techno (Jurnal Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto) 22, no. 1 (2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/techno.v22i1.7573.
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Kabel listrik berfungsi untuk menyalurkan energi listrik ke peralatan listrik yang sering digunakan di kehidupan sehari – hari. Namun dalam pemanfaatannya kurang maksimal karena hanya digunakan sebagai penghantar arus listrik saja, padahal dapat digunakan sebagai Komunikasi data antar perangkat seperti komputer, handphone dan perangkat mobile lainnya. Teknologi yang menerapkan sistem dimana memanfaatkan kabel listrik sebagai Komunikasi data yang biasa disebut dengan Power Line Communication (PLC). Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan Implementasi sistem PLC dalam membangun sebuah jaringan menggunakan media kabel listrik untuk menghubungkan beberapa perangkat jaringan tanpa memerlukan instalasi baru karena jalur yang digunakan sudah terdistribusi di setiap tempat menggunakan perangkat powerline, serta menggunakan perangkat jaringan yang terhubung secara wireless ke perangkat mobile pada Jaringan wireless LAN (WLAN). Sistem PLC diterapkan pada tiga kali Pengujian, diantaranya membandingkan sistem PLC dengan tanpa sistem PLC, diterapkan berdasarkan jarak serta berdasarkan beban listrik yang diterapkan. Tiga Pengujian yang dilakukan dilihat berdasarkan parameter Quality of Service (QoS) seperti throughput, delay, jitter dan packet loss. Pada pengujian antara sistem PLC menghasilkan kinerja QoS lebih baik dibandingkan tanpa PLC, kemudian untuk pengujian bedasarkan jarak menghasilkan QoS yang baik walaupun cenderung konstan serta pengujian berdasarkan beban listrik menghasilkan QoS yang baik meskipun cenderung konstan.
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Hashim, Shaimaa Mudhafar, and Israa Bader Al-Mashhadani. "Adaptation of powerline communications-based smart metering deployments with IoT cloud platform." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 2 (2023): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i2.pp825-837.
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<span lang="EN-US">The necessity of energy management and optimization through smart devices has an essential role in sustainable energy. Smart grid features and cutting-edge technologies are progressively integrated into traditional electricity networks. One of these features is the interference between power line communications and IoT. The introduction and deployment of these grids are mainly focused on the development of the field of smart metering. A new proposed module for smart meter design within the existing infrastructure grid system using power line communication (PLC) is presented. The system will include a transmitter with a microcontroller (MCU) and numerous sensors, as well as communication channels that include PLC and an in-house powerline network, and a receiver with an MCU. The suggested system interacts with the IoT system, characterized by a free web interface showing the data directly in real-time. Based on real-world experience, this paper develops guidelines for various aspects of PLC Smart Metering network deployment via the cloud environment. The practical result of packet losses is about 0, 1, or 2 characters of received data, and the time difference between transmitter and receiver is about 5000 milliseconds for a fixed transmission line.</span>
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Nguyen, The Vinh, Pierre Petit, Fabrice Maufay, Michel Aillerie, and Jean-Pierre Charles. "Powerline Communication (PLC) on HVDC Bus in a Renewable Energy System." Energy Procedia 36 (2013): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.076.
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Brandl, Martin, and Karlheinz Kellner. "Performance Evaluation of Power-Line Communication Systems for LIN-Bus Based Data Transmission." Electronics 10, no. 1 (2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10010085.
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Powerline communication (PLC) is a versatile method that uses existing infrastructure such as power cables for data transmission. This makes PLC an alternative and cost-effective technology for the transmission of sensor and actuator data by making dual use of the power line and avoiding the need for other communication solutions; such as wireless radio frequency communication. A PLC modem using DSSS (direct sequence spread spectrum) for reliable LIN-bus based data transmission has been developed for automotive applications. Due to the almost complete system implementation in a low power microcontroller; the component cost could be radically reduced which is a necessary requirement for automotive applications. For performance evaluation the DSSS modem was compared to two commercial PLC systems. The DSSS and one of the commercial PLC systems were designed as a direct conversion receiver; the other commercial module uses a superheterodyne architecture. The performance of the systems was tested under the influence of narrowband interference and additive Gaussian noise added to the transmission channel. It was found that the performance of the DSSS modem against singleton interference is better than that of commercial PLC transceivers by at least the processing gain. The performance of the DSSS modem was at least 6 dB better than the other modules tested under the influence of the additive white Gaussian noise on the transmission channel at data rates of 19.2 kB/s.
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Oyekanlu, Emmanuel. "FUZZY INFERENCE BASED STABILITY OPTIMIZATION FOR IOT DATA CENTERS DC MICROGRIDS: IMPACT OF CONSTANT POWER LOADS ON SMART GRID COMMUNICATION OVER THE POWERLINE." Journal of Energy - Energija 68, no. 1 (2019): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/20196811.
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Direct Current (dc) microgrids due to their efficiency and energy savings are being deployed to provide power for servers in Internet of Things (IoT) data centers, in more electric aircrafts (MEA), electric ships and in rail systems round the word. In this paper, Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference method is used to establish a Lyapunov stability candidate for a 380 V ring bus dc microgrid modeled with Matlab. To determine suitability of using powerline communication (PLC) to monitor stability condition on the 380 V dc microgrid, impact of distortion caused by microgrid constant power loads (CPL) on signals transmitted over the dc microgrid PLC channel is examined. It is shown in this paper that while Lyapunov asymptotic stability is maintained on the dc bus, increasing CPL on the microgrid causes the dc microgrid PLC channel to experience growing signal distortion.
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Unik, Mitra, and Sunanto Sunanto. "PERANCANGAN TEKNOLOGI VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL (VoIP) MEMANFAATKAN INFRASTRUKTUR JARINGAN LISTRIK." JURNAL FASILKOM 7, no. 2 (2018): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jf.v7i2.609.
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Kolaborasi teknologi jaringan dan teknologi multimedia memicu munculnya sebuah ide baru dalam menyiapkan teknologi komunikasi audio (voice) yang lebih murah dari segi infrastruktur karena dapat memanfaatkan jaringan listrik sebagai media penghantar jaringan data. Gagasan utama di balik ide komunikasi listrik / Powerline Communication (PLC) yaitu memanfaatkan jaringan distribusi listrik sebagai distribusi data serta dengan konsep memanipulasi jaringan listrik menjadi jaringan komputer. Sehingga memungkinkan komunikasi antar perangkat komputer terjadi khususnya digunakan sebagai alternatif solusi guna mengakomodasi kebutuhan komunikasi data bagi bangunan yang terletak di daerah-daerah yang belum menyediakan jaringan telekomunikasi dasar
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Chien, Ying-Ren, Jian-Liang Lin, and Hen-Wai Tsao. "Cyclostationary Impulsive Noise Mitigation in the Presence of Cyclic Frequency Offset for Narrowband Powerline Communication Systems." Electronics 9, no. 6 (2020): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060988.
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Cyclostationary impulsive noise (CSIN) is the dominant source of additive noise in narrowband powerline communication (NB-PLC) systems. Frequency-shift (FRESH) filters have been applied to NB-PLC systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to mitigate CSIN and enhance the OFDM signals by leveraging the difference in cyclic frequency associated with CSIN and OFDM data symbols. Note that under the effects of frequency fluctuation in the mains voltage, the cyclic frequency offset associated with CSIN can degrade the performance of FRESH-filter receivers. To alleviate such an impact on the FRESH-filter receivers, this paper presents a method for the estimation of the cyclic frequency offset by observing phase variations in the coefficients of the FRESH filter. Computer simulations based on IEEE 1901.2 specifications demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in suppressing the cyclic frequency relative error by at least 15.45 dB. Following compensation for the cyclic frequency offset, the proposed scheme achieved a bit error rate of 10 − 4 with an E b / N 0 loss of only 0.7 dB, compared with the ideal case. Compared to the case without the cyclic frequency offset compensation, the proposed scheme achieved an E b / N 0 gain of 2.7 dB.
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Nancy, B., C. W. Gary Loh, M. Razi Bazin, and T. M. Panceras. "A Case Study: Broadband Over Powerline for Rural Area Deployment in Sarawak." E3S Web of Conferences 242 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124203001.
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Broadband over powerline (BPL) is a technology that allows connectivity to internet connection riding via the low tension (LT) power line communication (PLC). A hybrid BPL technology was proposed to the rural area of Sarawak as an alternative option to expand the internet connection without the need to reform a new pathway for internet connectivity. The data signal is transmitted via a communication tower to the access point(s) that is mounted on an electricity pole that provides a low voltage (LV) line. There are three types of custom-designed equipment that has been integrated into the hybrid BPL: the Head End (HE), the Time Division Repeater (TDR) and the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE). Two longhouses at the Bawang Assan, Sarawak settlement has been chosen to initiate the pilot project that required the cooperation of the technology provider, power producer, and the internet service provider. This paper presents a proof of concept (POC) on the deployment, advantages, and limitations for the BPL in a rural setting.
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Acciani, G., V. Amoruso, G. Fornarelli, and A. Giaquinto. "SOM-Based Approach for the Analysis and Classification of Synchronous Impulsive Noise of an In-Ship PLC System." ISRN Artificial Intelligence 2012 (October 16, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/105694.
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The interest in wideband data transmission over power line communications has increased rapidly. This technology offers a convenient and inexpensive medium to transmit data, reducing the number of cables. This advantage is particularly appealing in many fields, like the railway, naval, and aeronautical ones. Nevertheless, several problems have to be faced to obtain a high data rate. In particular, the presence of noise makes the transmission difficult, degrading the quality of received signals and prohibiting the full application of these communication frameworks. In this paper the behaviour of an in-ship powerline communication system is analyzed in the presence of synchronous periodic impulsive noise. Such noise is modelled at source and its effects on the transmission of wideband signals are evaluated by means of a simulation circuit model. The obtained results allow to identify the characteristics of the channel and the critical conditions due to noise. Subsequently, an unsupervised technique based on principal component analysis and fuzzy c-mean classifier detects the presence and classifies the specific noises. Numerical results show that the proposed approach enables to achieve this target accurately under different operating conditions, proving to be an effective tool to enhance the performances of the considered technology.
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Nugroho, Prasetyo Adi. "PERANCANGAN JARINGAN KOMPUTER RT/RW NET MENGGUNAKAN JALUR KOMUNIKASI POWER LINE (PLC) DI PERUMAHAN TAMAN BERDIKARI SENTOSA." JEIS: JURNAL ELEKTRO DAN INFORMATIKA SWADHARMA 2, no. 1 (2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.56486/jeis.vol2no1.146.
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RT/RW Net is a non-governmental computer network within the scope of RT/RW. Building an RT/RW Net in the Taman Berdikari Sentosa housing estate is a concept where several computers in a housing or block can be connected and can share data and information, express opinions, conduct polls, and even elect RT/RW. The RT/RW net network will be built using a power line (PLC) communication line. Power Line Communication (PLC) is a technology that supports computer networks on a small scale such as a LAN, RW/RW net, which can provide convenience in installation tasks to produce high-speed computer networks. In principle, the Powerline used functions as a medium that converts digital data to electric current so that the data can be sent via a power cable. Building an RT/RW Net network using Power Line is no different from building an RW/RW Net in general. The difference only lies in the data transmission media used, Power Line uses electric cables while RT/RW Net generally uses cables such as UTP, Fiber Optic, Coaxial, and wireless networks
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Wasowski, Marek, Tomasz Sikorski, Grzegorz Wisniewski, et al. "The Impact of Supply Voltage Waveform Distortion on Non-Intentional Emission in the Frequency Range 2–150 kHz: An Experimental Study with Power-Line Communication and Selected End-User Equipment." Energies 14, no. 3 (2021): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030777.
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Knowledge of the conducted emissions in the frequency range 2–150 kHz contains some gaps related to the impact of the harmonics in the supply voltage on the nature of these emissions. It can be noticed that the conducted emissions from non-sinusoidal power supplies have not been studied sufficiently, and that the impact of this distortion may be greater than the generally known results of emission tests carried out under standardized test conditions. This paper is aimed at investigating experimental cases of the influence of supply voltage waveform distortion on non-intentional emission in the range 2–150 kHz and the efficiency of power line communication based on selected PRIME (PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution) power line communication (PLC) technology. A series of experimental laboratory studies were investigated, representing the operation of the investigated PLC system with different types of end-user equipment (LED—Light Emitting Diode, CFL—Compact Fluorescent Lamp, induction motor with frequency converter) working under a distorted supply voltage condition obtained by the programmable power supply for different scenarios of the admissible harmonics contribution in the range 0–2 kHz. The scenarios included limits defined in standards EN 50160 and IEC 61000-4-13. The researchers used spectral analysis with a notation to emission limits, compatibility levels, and mains signalling, as well as statistics of the PLC communication. The obtained results provide important conclusions, which may be applied both in the development of the design of the appliances in question and the higher frequency emission testing methods.
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Agarwal, Priyanka, and Manoj K. Shukla. "MITA interleaver for OFDM-IDMA and SCFDMA-IDMA techniques using QPSK modulation over PLC." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 3 (2022): 1418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i3.3598.
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The paper aims to examine the performance of multiplicative interleaving with tree algorithm (MITA) interleaver for grouped IDMA systems i.e., SCFDMA-IDMA and OFDM-IDMA, using QPSK modulation over powerline channel. The prime objective is to evaluate the MITA algorithm for its complexity and throughput over multiple communication systems so that it fulfills the requirements of 5G technology. Higher throughput and low complexity are achieved by the structure of MITA interleaver, in which more users are allotted interleavers per clock cycle as compared to existing interleavers primarily, random, tree, and FLRITI. The analysis is carried out in MATLAB environment for varying parameter values such as data length and user count and is plotted in terms of bit error rate (BER). Next, the effect of Convolutional coding is observed on grouped IDMA systems and lastly comparison in terms complexity is carried out. The simulation results over grouped IDMA systems show that MITA interleaver has better BER performance than FLRITI for large user count and the response further improves with greater number of users. The comparison of interleavers in terms of complexity reveals that MITA has lower complexity than FLRITI. Thus, MITA interleaver can be preferred over FLRITI and is a better option to be implemented in 5G technologies.
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Andreadou, Nikoleta, Evangelos Kotsakis, and Marcelo Masera. "Smart Meter Traffic in a Real LV Distribution Network." Energies 11, no. 5 (2018): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11051156.
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The modernization of the distribution grid requires a huge amount of data to be transmitted and handled by the network. The deployment of Advanced Metering Infrastructure systems results in an increased traffic generated by smart meters. In this work, we examine the smart meter traffic that needs to be accommodated by a real distribution system. Parameters such as the message size and the message transmission frequency are examined and their effect on traffic is showed. Limitations of the system are presented, such as the buffer capacity needs and the maximum message size that can be communicated. For this scope, we have used the parameters of a real distribution network, based on a survey at which the European Distribution System Operators (DSOs) have participated. For the smart meter traffic, we have used two popular specifications, namely the G3-PLC–“G3 Power Line communication” and PRIME–acronym for “PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution”, to simulate the characteristics of a system that is widely used in practice. The results can be an insight for further development of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems that control and monitor the Low Voltage (LV) distribution grid. The paper presents an analysis towards identifying the needs of distribution networks with respect to telecommunication data as well as the main parameters that can affect the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) system performance. Identifying such parameters is consequently beneficial to designing more efficient ICT systems for Advanced Metering Infrastructure.
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Valente, Giacomo, Vittoriano Muttillo, Mirco Muttillo, et al. "SPOF—Slave Powerlink on FPGA for Smart Sensors and Actuators Interfacing for Industry 4.0 Applications." Energies 12, no. 9 (2019): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091633.
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We here present a new PLC-POWERLINK industrial solution for Industry 4.0 applications. The proposed solution provides the capability to separate the sensing functionality from the PLC-side, in demand for the reconfigurable FPGA implementation. In particular, we here provide a framework that supports the interfacing between the POWERLINK protocol and commonly used standards, such as I2C, SPI, and UART. This has been obtained by using a framework built around a soft IP-core Application Processor, which manages the interfacing with several POWERLINK slaves, able to support the data exchange with the POWERLINK Communication Processor. A practical application example and related implementation details are presented in the paper.
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Hrbček, Jozef, and Emília Bubeníková. "Embedded image processing on Raspberry Pi connected to the industrial control system." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 2, no. 1 (2019): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2019-0006.
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Abstract This paper deals with the image processing from the camera for Raspberry Pi connected with real-time communication network to the control system (PLC). The low time delay for receiving and sending commands, data, etc. is very important in the automating production processes. This can be provided by industrial real-time network based on Ethernet. The Ethernet POWERLINK, which is supported on B&R PLCs, is one of them. It is a simple solution for a variety of applications because the POWERLINK is publicly available as the open source. Connecting the PLC and Raspberry Pi with Ethernet POWERLINK opens up many applications in industrial automation. For example, image data obtained using a camera attached to Raspberry Pi can be used to sense image of manufacturing processes and products and evaluate their quality in industrial automation. This article focuses on an image processing unit and the PLC system with CPU redundancy used in the industrial application. Vision systems are often used to improve products quality control, saving costs and time.
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Seijo Simó, Miguel, Gregorio López López, and José Ignacio Moreno Novella. "Cybersecurity Vulnerability Analysis of the PLC PRIME Standard." Security and Communication Networks 2017 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7369684.
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Security in critical infrastructures such as the power grid is of vital importance. The Smart Grid puts power grid classical security approach on the ropes, since it introduces cyberphysical systems where devices, communications, and information systems must be protected. PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution (PRIME) is a Narrowband Power-Line Communications (NB-PLC) protocol widely used in the last mile of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) deployments, playing a key role in the Smart Grid. Therefore, this work aims to unveil the cybersecurity vulnerabilities present in PRIME standard, proposing solutions and validating and discussing the results obtained.
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Knapik, Wioletta, Magdalena Katarzyna Kowalska, Monika Odlanicka-Poczobutt, and Marek Kasperek. "The Internet of Things through Internet Access Using an Electrical Power Transmission System (Power Line Communication) to Improve Digital Competencies and Quality of Life of Selected Social Groups in Poland’s Rural Areas." Energies 15, no. 14 (2022): 5018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145018.
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In the 21st century, society has been undergoing a technology-driven transformation which heralds a new revolution that has potential to strengthen the position of an individual and community but may also lead to the marginalization of certain groups. The Internet of Things takes advantage of the technology’s potential to improve digital competencies and the quality of life in society. The purpose of this paper is to obtain information about the digital competencies and needs of contemporary seniors and pre-senior age people, as well as socially sensitive groups from Poland’s rural areas. To strength the level of internet infrastructure in rural areas, power line communication (PLC) systems that utilize high-voltage line(s) between transformer substations are presented as a cost-effective communication tool. PowerLink IP has made PLC systems today more attractive and efficient than ever before. Based on nation-wide representative surveys conducted in deliberately selected groups, we collected information on digital competencies and formulated recommendations pertaining to the structure and contents of an innovative internet portal as regards offering, sharing, and the availability of commercial and social services targeted at seniors and other dependent groups. The recommended portal combines the needs of target groups with interests of entrepreneurs, self-government authorities, and NGOs.
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Bačík, Ján, Peter Tkáč, Ladislav Hric, et al. "Phollower—The Universal Autonomous Mobile Robot for Industry and Civil Environments with COVID-19 Germicide Addon Meeting Safety Requirements." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (2020): 7682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217682.
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This paper describes the development of Phollower—an autonomous mobile robot intended to perform various logistical tasks in both industrial and civil environments. Phollower is equipped with the latest types of industrial components and sensors. It also employs advanced embedded navigation and localization software to create its own virtual maps and thereby to navigate autonomously within the mapped area. The whole development process has been focused on building a device that meets European safety standards. Phollower is a universal mobile platform that can be quickly expanded with specialized add-ons. A germicidal add-on for disinfection of indoor areas using UV-C light is described as a technology that helps to battle with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The hardware topology combined with the proposed open Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) code and open-Powerlink communication bus creates a unique and easily extendable robot platform.
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Hubinský, Peter, and Thomas Pospiech. "Slosh-Free Positioning of Containers with Liquids and Flexible Conveyor Belt." Journal of Electrical Engineering 61, no. 2 (2010): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-010-0010-y.
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Slosh-Free Positioning of Containers with Liquids and Flexible Conveyor Belt This paper describes a method for slosh-free moving of containers with a liquid at which the conveyor belt is flexible. It shows, by means of experimental results, that a container filled with a liquid can be regarded as a damped pendulum. Upon parameter identification of the two single-mode subsystems, theoretical modelling of the complete system is described. With respect to industrial application, feedforward control is used to transfer the container in horizontal direction without sloshing. The applied method requires deterministic and hard real time communication between the PLC and the servo amplifier which is realized here with Ethernet POWERLINK. The principle structure, calculations, time duration and the robustness of the basic types of input shaper are described and compared with each other. Additionally the positioning results of the two-mode system are presented. Finally, a possibility of the principle software implementation is presented.
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"Analysis and Theoretical Evaluation of Iraqi High Voltage Power Transmission Line." Iraqi Journal of Computer, Communication, Control and System Engineering, September 16, 2018, 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33103/uot.ijccce.18.2.6.
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The Powerline Communications (PLC) technology allows data transmission through electrical wires. Thus the electrical wiring will represent a data transmission channel conformable to the physical layer of the open system interconnection (OSI) model. In this work, the specifications of the Iraqi electrical network were used to model a high-voltage transmission line using a transmission (ABCD) matrix and use it as a communication channel for transmitting data within a narrow band (30-500). The transfer function of the suggested model was derived and its performance analysis was performed to evaluate the Line length effect, load impedance ZL and the source impedance ZS on the channel frequency response. This analysis was done with the help of Matlab16a simulator program.
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Aranda, Juan Manuel. "Diseño y evaluación del desempeño de una red de comunicaciones para medición inteligente en Network Simulator–2." Ingeniería 20, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.reving.2015.1.a02.
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<p>Este artículo presenta los resultados de diseño y evaluación del desempeño de una red de comunicaciones para Medición Inteligente o AMI (<em>Advanced Metering Infrastructure</em>), empleando el simulador de redes <em>Network Simulator</em>-2 (NS-2). La red de comunicaciones propuesta combina las tecnologías PLC (<em>PowerLine Communication</em>) y HSDPA (<em>High Speed Downlin Packet Access</em>), así como el uso de concentradores de datos (DCs) y de protocolos aplicación y transporte como DLMS/COSEM y TCP-UDP/IP. Los resultados de evaluación indicaron que al introducir dispositivos DCs dentro del diseño de red de comunicaciones, la red presenta un desempeño superior frente a otras que no emplean DCs para concentrar la información de diferentes medidores inteligentes. Finalmente, se observó una mayor cobertura y un menor número de acceso directos a la red de comunicaciones al considerar DCs en el diseño.</p>