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Journal articles on the topic 'Powertrain efficiency'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Koch, Alexander, Tim Bürchner, Thomas Herrmann, and Markus Lienkamp. "Eco-Driving for Different Electric Powertrain Topologies Considering Motor Efficiency." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 1 (2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010006.

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Electrification and automatization may change the environmental impact of vehicles. Current eco-driving approaches for electric vehicles fit the electric power of the motor by quadratic functions and are limited to powertrains with one motor and single-speed transmission or use computationally expensive algorithms. This paper proposes an online nonlinear algorithm, which handles the non-convex power demand of electric motors. Therefore, this algorithm allows the simultaneous optimization of speed profile and powertrain operation for electric vehicles with multiple motors and multiple gears. We

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Ponorac, Luka, and Ivan Blagojević. "Efficiency Assessment of a High-Speed Tracked Vehicle Hybrid Powertrain." Measurement Science Review 25, no. 3 (2025): 148–56. https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2025-0018.

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Abstract The paper analyzes the difference in power balance and efficiency between a modernized, hybrid high-speed tracked vehicle powertrain model and a mechanical powertrain model corresponding to the real vehicle developed and verified in previous research. This is to prove the argument of the efficiency benefits of electrifying the vehicle turning mechanism and eliminating the friction elements slip. The simulation models of both powertrains presented in this paper are subjected to the same simulation conditions, with the powertrain design solutions being the only variables. The results pr

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Kafui Ayetor, Godwin, George Bright Gyamfi, and Ebenezer Tetteh Larnor. "Drive Cycle Performance of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 1, no. 2 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v1i2.16.

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This paper focuses on the effects of HEV (Hybrid-Electric Vehicles) Powertrains on fuel economy and overall system efficiency. Three different hybrid-electric powertrains: Series; Parallel and Combined have been simulated on ADVISOR by the use of MATLAB platform. Three drive cycles, Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Highway Fuel Economy Transport Cycle (HWFET), were used to determine best Fuel Economy, Overall System Efficiency and Energy usage for each Powertrain.While Parallel Powertrain showed best fuel economy and system efficiency at lower sp

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Tamura, Ayataro, Takayuki Ishibashi, and Atsuo Kawamura. "EV Range Extender in a Two-Battery HEECS Chopper-Based Powertrain." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 2 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10020019.

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This paper first presents a new powertrain based on a two-battery High-Efficiency Energy Conversion System (HEECS) chopper that is suitable for electric vehicles (EVs). The HEECS chopper is based on the principle of a partial power conversion circuit, and the overall efficiency is over 99% in a wide load range. The efficiency of this powertrain was measured in the steady state by two types of powertrains, a non-chopper powertrain and an HEECS chopper-based powertrain, using a motor test bench. On the basis of these data, several driving tests, such as the Worldwide-harmonized Light vehicles Te

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Piechottka, Hendrik, Ferit Küçükay, Felix Kercher, and Michael Bargende. "Optimal Powertrain Design through a Virtual Development Process." World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, no. 1 (2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9010011.

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The ever more stringent global CO2 and pollutant emission regulations imply that the optimization of conventional powertrains can only provide partial reductions in fleet emissions. Vehicle manufacturers are therefore responding by increasing the electrification of their powertrain portfolios. This in turn, results in higher levels of electrification of the individual powertrain units. The increase in electric power leads to a comprehensive range of possible technologies—from 48 V mild hybrids to pure electric concepts. The powertrain topology and the configuration of the electrical components

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Xu, Yu, Anton Kersten, Simon Klacar, and David Sedarsky. "Maximizing Efficiency in Smart Adjustable DC Link Powertrains with IGBTs and SiC MOSFETs via Optimized DC-Link Voltage Control." Batteries 9, no. 6 (2023): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9060302.

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In recent years, the push towards electrifying transportation has gained significant traction, with battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) emerging as a viable alternative. However, the widespread adoption of BEVs faces multiple challenges, such as limited driving range, making powertrain efficiency improvements crucial. One approach to improve powertrain energy efficiency is to adjust the DC-link voltage using a DC-DC converter between the battery and inverter. Here, it is necessary to address the losses introduced by the DC-DC converter. This paper presents a dynamic programming approach to optimi

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Karlušić, Juraj, Mihael Cipek, Danijel Pavković, Željko Šitum, Juraj Benić, and Marijan Šušnjar. "Benefit Assessment of Skidder Powertrain Hybridization Utilizing a Novel Cascade Optimization Algorithm." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (2020): 10396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410396.

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Over the last decade, off-road vehicles have been increasingly hybridized through powertrain electrification in terms of additional electrical machine-based propulsion and battery energy storage, with the goal of achieving significant gains in fuel economy and reductions in greenhouse gases emissions. Since hybrid powertrains consist of two or more different energy sources and may be arranged in many different configurations, there are many open questions in their design and powertrain energy management control, which may have influence on the hybridized powertrain purchase cost and efficiency

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POPESCU, LIVIU, and OVIDIU CRAIU. "ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS FOR AN EV POWERTRAIN USING THREE BLDC IDENTICAL MOTORS." REVUE ROUMAINE DES SCIENCES TECHNIQUES — SÉRIE ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE ET ÉNERGÉTIQUE 68, no. 2 (2023): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/rrst-ee.2023.68.2.6.

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Using more than one motor in an EV (Electric Vehicle) powertrain enhances the vehicle’s torque, acceleration, and speed capabilities. A more tractive force produced by the electric powertrain requires more electric current from the battery. In modern EVs, mechanical power production can be approached to the wheels reducing the mechanical losses in the transmissions. It is the case with multiple-motor powertrains. Several advantages regarding vehicle control, physical performance, and energy efficiency improvement are obtained. In the current study, a BLDC (brushless dc) motor is investigated f

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Ponorac, Luka, and Ivan Blagojević. "Efficiency assessment of different highspeed tracked vehicle hybrid powertrain conceptions." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 72, no. 4 (2024): 1869–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg72-53506.

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Introduction/purpose: Increased development of hybrid powertrains during the last decade brought high-speed tracked vehicles into the same spotlight as commercial and passenger hybrid vehicles. There are several hybrid powertrain conceptions for high-speed tracked vehicles that are mainly researched, but there is still no clear conclusion which conception is the most efficient. The main obstacle for more intense research is the increased difficulty to produce a battery storage system which provides both high power density and protection and shock resistance. However, there is a certain number

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Mazali, Izhari Izmi, Zul Hilmi Che Daud, Mohd Kameil Abdul Hamid, et al. "Review of the Methods to Optimize Power Flow in Electric Vehicle Powertrains for Efficiency and Driving Performance." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031735.

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Electric vehicles (EV) are quickly gaining a foothold in global markets due to their zero tailpipe emissions and increasing practicality in terms of battery technologies. However, even though EV powertrains emit zero emissions during driving, their efficiency has not been fully optimized, particularly due the commonly used single-speed transmission. Hence, this paper provides an extensive review on the latest works carried out to optimize the power flow in EV powertrains using multispeed discrete transmission, continuously variable transmission and multi-motor configurations. The relevant lite

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Plum, Thorsten, Marius Wegener, Markus Eisenbarth, et al. "A simulation-based case study for powertrain efficiency improvement by automated driving functions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 5 (2018): 1320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018775182.

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An increasing level of driving automation and a successive electrification of modern powertrains enable a higher degree of freedom to improve vehicle fuel efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions. Currently, both domains themselves, driving automation as well as powertrain electrification, face the challenge of a rising development complexity with extensive use of virtual testing environments. However, state-of-the-art virtual testing environments typically strictly focus on just one domain and neglect the other. This paper shows the results of a simulation-based case study considering both d

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Tota, Antonio, Enrico Galvagno, Luca Dimauro, Alessandro Vigliani, and Mauro Velardocchia. "Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Multimode Powertrains: Influence of Inertial Properties and Road Inclination." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (2021): 11752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411752.

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Multimode hybrid powertrains have captured the attention of automotive OEMs for their flexible nature and ability to provide better and optimized efficiency levels. However, the presence of multiple actuators, with different efficiency and dynamic characteristics, increases the problem complexity for minimizing the overall power losses in each powertrain operating condition. The paper aims at providing a methodology to select the powertrain mode and set the reference torques and angular speeds for each actuator, based on the power-weighted efficiency concept. The power-weighted efficiency is f

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Kim, Kiyoung, Namdoo Kim, Jongryeol Jeong, et al. "A Component-Sizing Methodology for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using an Optimization Algorithm." Energies 14, no. 11 (2021): 3147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113147.

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Many leading companies in the automotive industry have been putting tremendous effort into developing new powertrains and technologies to make their products more energy efficient. Evaluating the fuel economy benefit of a new technology in specific powertrain systems is straightforward; and, in an early concept phase, obtaining a projection of energy efficiency benefits from new technologies is extremely useful. However, when carmakers consider new technology or powertrain configurations, they must deal with a trade-off problem involving factors such as energy efficiency and performance, becau

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Wegener, Marius, Thorsten Plum, Markus Eisenbarth, and Jakob Andert. "Energy saving potentials of modern powertrains utilizing predictive driving algorithms in different traffic scenarios." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 4 (2019): 992–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019867172.

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In this article, we analyze the interaction between powertrain technology, predictive driving functionalities, and inner-city traffic conditions. A model predictive velocity control algorithm is developed that utilizes dynamic traffic data as well as static route information to optimize the future trajectory of the considered ego-vehicle. This controller is then integrated into a state-of-the-art simulation environment for automated driving functionalities to calculate energy saving potentials for vehicles with a conventional gasoline engine powertrain and a P3-hybrid powertrain configuration

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Balazadeh Meresht, Navid, Sina Moghadasi, Sandeep Munshi, Mahdi Shahbakhti, and Gordon McTaggart-Cowan. "Advances in Vehicle and Powertrain Efficiency of Long-Haul Commercial Vehicles: A Review." Energies 16, no. 19 (2023): 6809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16196809.

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Mitigating CO2 emissions from long-haul commercial trucking is a major challenge that must be addressed to achieve substantial reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector. Extensive recent research and development programs have shown how significant near-term reductions in GHGs from commercial vehicles can be achieved by combining technological advances. This paper reviews progress in technology for engine efficiency improvements, vehicle resistance and drag reductions, and the introduction of hybrid electric powertrains in long-haul trucks. The results of vehic

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Pusztai, Zoltán, Péter Kőrös, Ferenc Szauter, and Ferenc Friedler. "Vehicle Model-Based Driving Strategy Optimization for Lightweight Vehicle." Energies 15, no. 10 (2022): 3631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103631.

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In this paper, driving strategy optimization for a track is proposed for an energy efficient battery electric vehicle dedicated to the Shell Eco-marathon. A measurement-based mathematical vehicle model was developed to simulate the behavior of the vehicle. The model contains complicated elements such as the vehicle’s cornering resistance and the efficiency field of the entire powertrain. The validation of the model was presented by using the collected telemetry data from the 2019 Shell Eco-marathon competition in London (UK). The evaluation of applicable powertrains was carried out before the

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Mosleuzzaman, Md, Md Delwar Hussain, H. M. Shamsuzzaman, Arif Mia, and MD Shakawat Hossain. "ELECTRIC VEHICLE POWERTRAIN DESIGN: INNOVATIONS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING." ACADEMIC JOURNAL ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING & MATHEMATICS EDUCATION 1, no. 01 (2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.69593/ajieet.v1i01.114.

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The electrification of vehicles is reshaping transportation, with electric vehicle (EV) powertrain design playing a key role in this shift. This review focuses on recent innovations in electrical engineering that have enhanced EV powertrains, particularly in areas like electric motors, power electronics, energy storage, and thermal management. Advances in motor technology, such as permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM), and the integration of silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductors have improved efficiency and reduced heat generation. Battery innovations, including s

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Wilhelm, Erik, Johannes Hofer, Warren Schenler, and Lino Guzzella. "OPTIMAL IMPLEMENTATION OF LIGHTWEIGHTING AND POWERTRAIN EFFI CIENCY TECHNOLOGY IN PASSENGERS' VEHICLES." TRANSPORT 27, no. 3 (2012): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2012.719546.

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Improving powertrain efficiency and reducing vehicle weight are two options for reducing vehicle energy use, emissions, and operating cost that often increase the purchase cost of passenger vehicles. Increasing drivetrain efficiency shrinks the potential for reducing energy use by lightweighting and conversely lighter vehicles benefit less from efficiency improvement. This paper describes a methodology for finding the optimum combination of light-weighting and efficiency measures to achieve minimum lifetime vehicle cost. Using representative technology cost assumptions for a mid-sized passenge

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Shrikant Shantaram Mopari. "Modeling and Control of Electric Vehicle Powertrains for Enhanced Efficiency." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 3s (2025): 284–99. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i3s.387.

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Driven by the growing need for sustainable transportation solutions over the last decade, significant progress has been made in electric vehicle (EV) powertrain technologies. In this study, a holistic model and a control strategy for EV powertrain efficiency optimization are introduced. The development of a dynamic mathematical model of the EV powertrain, comprising of the motor, inverter and energy storage systems, to simulate performance for different driving cycles. More sophisticated supervisory control techniques, like model predictive control (MPC) and adaptive fuzzy logic, has been appl

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Arsie, Ivan, Alfonso Di Domenico, Cesare Pianese, and Marco Sorrentino. "Modeling and Analysis of Transient Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 4, no. 3 (2006): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2743071.

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The paper focuses on the simulation of a hybrid vehicle with proton exchange membrane fuel cell as the main energy conversion system. A modeling structure has been developed to perform accurate analysis for powertrain and control system design. The models simulate the dynamics of the main powertrain elements and fuel cell system to give a sufficient description of the complex interaction between each component under real operating conditions. A control system based on a multilevel scheme has also been introduced and the complexity of control issues for hybrid powertrains have been discussed. T

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Pei, Huanxin, Xiaosong Hu, Yalian Yang, Xiaolin Tang, Cong Hou, and Dongpu Cao. "Configuration optimization for improving fuel efficiency of power split hybrid powertrains with a single planetary gear." Applied Energy 214 (February 12, 2018): 103–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.070.

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In order to significantly reduce vehicular fuel consumption and emission pollutants, power-split hybrid electric vehicles are increasingly deployed to ensure that internal combustion engines work at their high-efficiency regions. Because of multiple power components (internal combustion engine, two electric machines, and a driveshaft to the wheels), configurations of such vehicular powertrains are typically very complicated. In order to systematically analyze and design a fuel-optimal powertrain, an innovative hierarchical topological graph approach is proposed. This method comprises four majo

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Cha, Kyoung-Soo, Jae-Hyun Kim, Sung-Woo Hwang, Myung-Seop Lim, and Soo-Hwan Park. "High-Efficiency e-Powertrain Topology by Integrating Open-End Winding and Winding Changeover for Improving Fuel Economy of Electric Vehicles." Mathematics 12, no. 21 (2024): 3415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12213415.

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The fuel economy of electric vehicles (EVs) is an important factor in determining the competitiveness of EVs. Since the fuel economy is affected by the efficiency of an e-powertrain composed of a motor and inverter, it is necessary to select a high-efficiency topology for the e-powertrain. In this paper, a novel topology of e-powertrains to improve the fuel economy of EVs is proposed. The proposed topology aims to improve the system efficiency by integrating open-end winding (OEW) and winding changeover (WC). The proposed OEW-PMSM with WC enables to drive a permanent magnet synchronous motor (

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Xiong, Shaoping, Gabriel Wilfong, and John Lumkes. "Components Sizing and Performance Analysis of Hydro-Mechanical Power Split Transmission Applied to a Wheel Loader." Energies 12, no. 9 (2019): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091613.

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The powertrain efficiency deeply affects the performance of off-road vehicles like wheel loaders in terms of fuel economy, load capability, smooth control, etc. The hydrostatic transmission (HST) systems have been widely adopted in off-road vehicles for providing large power density and continuous variable control, yet using relatively low efficiency hydraulic components. This paper presents a hydrostatic-mechanical power split transmission (PST) solution for a 10-ton wheel loader for improving the fuel economy of a wheel loader. A directly-engine-coupled HST solution for the same wheel loader

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Beulshausen, Johannes, Johannes Geiger, Stefan Pischinger, and Bernd-Robert Höhn. "Powertrain Efficiency Through Friction Reduction." Auto Tech Review 3, no. 1 (2014): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40112-014-0519-8.

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Burkert, Andreas. "Increased Powertrain Efficiency through Electrification." ATZelectronics worldwide 14, no. 5 (2019): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38314-019-0052-2.

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Broatch, Alberto, Pablo Olmeda, Benjamín Plá, and Amin Dreif. "Novel Energy Management Control Strategy for Improving Efficiency in Hybrid Powertrains." Energies 16, no. 1 (2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010107.

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Energy management in electrified vehicles is critical and directly impacts the global operating efficiency, durability, driveability, and safety of the vehicle powertrain. Given the multitude of components of these powertrains, the complexity of the proper control is significantly higher than the conventional internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV). Hence, several control algorithms and numerical methods have been developed and implemented in order to optimize the operation of the hybrid powertrain while complying with the required boundary conditions. In this work, a model-based method is u

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Dobrucky, Branislav, Slavomir Kascak, Michal Prazenica, and Miriam Jarabicova. "Improving Efficiency of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Matrix Converters." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 25, no. 4 (2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.25.4.23967.

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The paper deals with a novel enhanced connection of AC/AC powertrain for HEV hybrid vehicles. The substantial contribution of such a connection is the absence of 4QC auxiliary converter needed for autonomous and hybrid operational modes and its compensation by power-lesser 0×5 matrix converter. The main advantages of a simplified connection are beside smaller auxiliary converter sizing and possible better efficiency of the HEV powertrain. So, powertrain operation in autonomous traction accu-battery modes uses direct 0×5 configuration of traction 3×5 MxC matrix converter and in hybrid modes of

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Nguyen, Cong Thanh, Paul D. Walker, Nong Zhang, and Jiageng Ruan. "Efficiency improvement of a novel dual motor powertrain for plug-in hybrid electric buses." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 7 (2020): 1869–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019896888.

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Powertrain configuration plays an important role in the performance of plug-in hybrid electric buses. Current designs are the compromise between energy efficiency, dynamic ability, shifting smoothness and manufactural cost. To balance the above requirements, this research proposes a novel dual motor powertrain for plug-in hybrid electric buses. The efficiency improvement is compared to the conventional plug-in parallel hybrid electric buses with a single motor powertrain. Parameter designs of system components guarantee two configurations equivalently. To maximize the benefits of the proposed

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Tang, Qian, Xiong Shu, Jiande Wang, Kainan Yuan, Ming Zhang, and Honguang Zhou. "Research on Failure Characteristics of Electric Logistics Vehicle Powertrain Gearbox Based on Current Signal." Energies 17, no. 13 (2024): 3228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17133228.

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As a core component of the powertrain system of Electric Logistics Vehicles (ELVs), the gearbox is crucial for ensuring the reliability and stability of ELV operations. Traditional fault diagnosis methods for gearboxes primarily rely on the analysis of vibration signals during operation. This paper presents research on diagnosing gear tooth wear faults in ELV powertrains using motor current signals. Firstly, an experimental test platform was constructed based on the structural principle of the powertrain of ELV models. Subsequently, a pure electric light truck powertrain gearbox with tooth wea

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Laurén, Mika, Giota Goswami, Anna Tupitsina, Suraj Jaiswal, Tuomo Lindh, and Jussi Sopanen. "General-Purpose and Scalable Internal-Combustion Engine Model for Energy-Efficiency Studies." Machines 10, no. 1 (2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10010026.

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Hybrid powertrains that combine electric machines and internal-combustion engines offer substantial opportunities to increase the energy efficiency and minimize the exhaust emissions of vehicles and nonroad working machines. Due to the wide range of applications of such powertrains, simulation tools are used to evaluate and compare the energy efficiency of hybrid powertrains for application-specific working cycles in virtual environments. Therefore, the accurate modeling of the powertrain components of a hybrid system is important. This paper presents an agile calculation tool that can generat

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Xu, Yuandong, Baoshan Huang, Yuliang Yun, Robert Cattley, Fengshou Gu, and Andrew D. Ball. "Model Based IAS Analysis for Fault Detection and Diagnosis of IC Engine Powertrains." Energies 13, no. 3 (2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030565.

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Internal combustion (IC) engine based powertrains are one of the most commonly used transmission systems in various industries such as train, ship and power generation industries. The powertrains, acting as the cores of machinery, dominate the performance of the systems; however, the powertrain systems are inevitably degraded in service. Consequently, it is essential to monitor the health of the powertrains, which can secure the high efficiency and pronounced reliability of the machines. Conventional vibration based monitoring approaches often require a considerable number of transducers due t

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Allam, Mohamed, Orlando Fernandez, and Matti Linjama. "Fuel Efficiency Analysis and Control of a Series Electric Hybrid Compact Wheel Loader." SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles 17, no. 2 (2024): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/02-17-02-0012.

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<div>The escalating demand for more efficient and sustainable working machines has pushed manufacturers toward adopting electric hybrid technology. Electric powertrains promise significant fuel savings, which are highly dependent on the nature of the duty cycle of the machine. In this study, experimental data measured from a wheel loader in a short-loading Y-cycle is used to exercise a developed mathematical model of a series electric hybrid wheel loader. The efficiency and energy consumption of the studied architecture are analyzed and compared to the consumption of the measured convent

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G. S. Quansah, O. Oñederra, G. Saldaña, M. González-Pérez, and I. Zamora. "Levelized Cost of Storage Framework for Solid-State Batteries in 400V/800V Electric Vehicle Powertrains." RE&PQJ 23, no. 2 (2025): 23–28. https://doi.org/10.52152/4579.

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Electric Vehicle (EV) manufacturers are adopting a range of powertrain architectures, with voltage systems ranging from 400V to 800V. The voltage ranges improves the efficiency and performance of EV powertrains. This improvement transforms EVs into more than just transportation systems. They also integrate the EVs as critical distributed energy storage units, and helps in grid stability, and energy load balancing through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration. Solid-state batteries (SSBs) represent an advanced energy storage technology, which enable EVs to operate efficiently at higher voltage conf

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Aletras, Nikolaos, Apostolos Karvountzis-Kontakiotis, Nikolaos Kefalas, Achilleas Grigoriadis, Zissis Samaras, and Leonidas Ntziachristos. "Optimization-Based Energy Management Algorithm for 2-Stroke Hybrid Ship with Controllable Pitch Propeller." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 12 (2024): 2331. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12122331.

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This paper examines the fuel consumption savings of a hybrid ship powertrain with 2-stroke main engine by implementing a novel adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy that utilizes a controllable pitch propeller. A non-hybrid powertrain model was developed as a demonstrator and real-world data were used for fuel consumption and efficiency maps. The baseline powertrain model was extended to a hybrid by introducing a shaft generator, a battery, a controllable pitch propeller, and the supervisory control algorithm. The potential benefits of the proposed powertrain are examined over

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Deaconu, Sorin Ioan, Marcel Topor, Gabriel Nicolae Popa, and Feifei Bu. "Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Matrix Converter and Direct Torque Control in Powertrains Asynchronous Motor Drives." MATEC Web of Conferences 292 (2019): 01066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929201066.

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Electric transportation has made rapid developments and significant steps toward the full electrical powertrain systems. With the increased use of electric vehicles energy conversion systems several technologies have been developed and reached a high degree of performance. Since electric vehicles and hybrid are the more cost competitive technology available today, the evolution toward a more reliable powertrain combining different electric powertrain systems is needed. Induction machine and permanent magnet generators/motors integrated powertrains have some significant advantages over other ty

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Wang, Yu, Enli Lü, Huazhong Lu, Nong Zhang, and Xingxing Zhou. "Comprehensive design and optimization of an electric vehicle powertrain equipped with a two-speed dual-clutch transmission." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 1 (2017): 168781401668314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814016683144.

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This article develops a systematic model to study electric vehicle powertrain system efficiency by combining a detailed model of two-speed dual-clutch transmission system efficiency losses with an electric vehicle powertrain system model. In this model, the design factors including selection of the electric machine, gear ratios’ change, multi-plate wet clutch design, and gear shift schedule design are considered. Meanwhile, the application of detailed model for drag torque losses in the gearbox is discussed. Furthermore, the proposed model, developed with the MATLAB/Simulink platform, is appli

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Schweigert, Daniel, Martin Enno Gerlach, Alexander Hoffmann, et al. "On the Impact of Maximum Speed on the Power Density of Electromechanical Powertrains." Vehicles 2, no. 2 (2020): 365–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles2020020.

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In order to achieve the European Commission’s ambitious climate targets by 2030, BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicles) manufacturers are faced with the challenge of producing more efficient and ecological products. The electromechanical powertrain plays a key role in the efficiency of BEVs, which is why the design parameters in the development phase of electromechanical powertrains must be chosen carefully. One of the central design parameters is the maximum speed of the electric machines and the gear ratio of the connected transmissions. Due to the relationship between speed and torque, it is poss

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Vimalkumar T, Mr, Mr Dineshkumar M, Mr Saravanan S, Dr Sathik Basha A, and Dr Cyril Mathew O. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF HYBRID ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES USING AI-BASED PREDICTIVE CONTROL." International Journal of Environmental Sciences 11, no. 1s (2025): 347–57. https://doi.org/10.64252/j0sn6585.

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As global energy demand rises and environmental concerns intensify, the adoption of sustainable transportation solutions becomes imperative. This study explores the integration of an optimized hybrid energy management system (HEMS) in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) utilizing a fuzzy logic-based predictive control strategy. The proposed system employs a supercapacitor-assisted battery storage unit to enhance energy efficiency and extend battery lifespan. Unlike conventional approaches, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is implemented to optimize energy distribution between th

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Zhou, Baoyu, Zhejun Li, Haichang Wang, Yunxiang Cui, Jie Hu, and Feng Jiang. "Design and Optimization of an Electric Vehicle Powertrain Based on an Electromechanical Efficiency Analysis." Processes 13, no. 6 (2025): 1698. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061698.

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Integrating the electric motor with a multi-speed transmission is an effective way to improve the efficiency and performance of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). This paper innovatively proposes a design method for matching a single-motor and dual-speed dual-clutch transmission (2-Speed Wet DCT) powertrain system and constructs a variable speed efficiency model (VSEM) and constant speed efficiency model (CSEM) for the inverter, motor, and transmission. Research shows that the design parameters of the motor and transmission significantly affect the optimal powertrain system. This study uses an

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Borthakur, Swagata, and Shankar C. Subramanian. "Design and optimization of a modified series hybrid electric vehicle powertrain." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 6 (2018): 1419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018759357.

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Hybrid electric vehicles are emerging technologies that are considered as eco-friendly alternative solutions to internal combustion engine–driven vehicles. This paper proposes a modified hybrid electric vehicle powertrain system that addresses the shortcomings of a series hybrid electric vehicle powertrain. The proposed configuration replaces the conventional generator of a series hybrid electric vehicle with an integrated starter generator that supports the traction motor of the vehicle during acceleration and peak torque requirements and maintains the state of charge of the batteries to prov

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Kulikov, Ilya, Andrey Kozlov, Alexey Terenchenko, and Kirill Karpukhin. "Comparative Study of Powertrain Hybridization for Heavy-Duty Vehicles Equipped with Diesel and Gas Engines." Energies 13, no. 8 (2020): 2072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082072.

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This article describes a study that aimed to estimate the fuel-saving potential possessed by the hybridization of conventional powertrains intended for heavy-duty vehicles based on diesel and natural gas fueled engines. The tools used for this analysis constitute mathematical models of vehicle dynamics and the powertrain, including its components, i.e., the engine, electric drive, transmission, and energy storage system (ESS). The model of the latter, accompanied by experimental data, allowed for an analysis of employing a supercapacitor regarding the selection of its energy content and the in

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Rosenberger, Nico. "Vehicle Parameter and Electric Powertrain Efficiency Analysis Using Real-Driving Data." International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications 13, no. 6 (2024): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeetc.13.6.494-502.

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With the conversion from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV) to Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) mainly promoted by CO2 emission targets, innovative powertrain concepts arose in the automotive industry. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) practice the socalled benchmarking to identify technological potentials in their competitor’s concepts and reduce their development costs by focusing on the best-performing technologies in the electric vehicle market. In contrast, these analyses mean significant expenses in terms of time and cost. Especially on vehicle level, preparing the vehicles

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Hu, Kai, Jianyi Zhao, Zichao Wei, and Haoshen Liang. "Analysis of Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2386, no. 1 (2022): 012097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2386/1/012097.

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Abstract This paper describes the methods of improving the efficiency of the powertrain like the energy management system and the control of a Parallel Hybrid Powertrain, in order to address the growing problem of carbon emissions from vehicles on the earth and protect the environment. These developments and improvements are necessary for vehicles. Then further analyzed the previous developments on the powertrain efficiency improving method, predicted and made the future plan for the next step of research by using the growing trend on the global market on vehicles.

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FRIEDL, Hubert, Günter Fraidl, and Paul Kapus. "Highest efficiency and ultra low emission – internal combustion engine 4.0." Combustion Engines 180, no. 1 (2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-102.

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In the future, the simultaneous reduction of pollutant and CO2 emissions will require significantly enhanced powertrain functionalities that cannot only be adequately represented by the ICE (internal combustion engine) alone. Both automated transmissions and especially powertrain electrification can help to meet efficiently those extended requirements. The extended functionalities are no longer applied exclusively with the ICE itself ("Fully Flexible Internal Combustion Engine"), but distributed across the entire powertrain ("Fully Flexible Powertrain"). In addition, the powertrain will be ful

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POPESCU, Liviu, and Alexandru STĂNESCU. "EFFICIENCY MAPS FOR AN EV BLDC MOTOR USING ANALYTIC CALCULATION AND SIMULATION." ACTUALITĂŢI ŞI PERSPECTIVE ÎN DOMENIUL MAŞINILOR ELECTRICE (ELECTRIC MACHINES, MATERIALS AND DRIVES - PRESENT AND TRENDS) 2022, no. 1 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36801/apme.2022.1.11.

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In an EV (Electric Vehicle), the more tractive force produced by the electric powertrain in fact requires more electric current from the battery. The question is how efficiently the stored energy is used, as for modern EVs, the ability to move over a greater distance represents an important issue. Of course, it can be best confirmed by physical measurements on the vehicle, but before, the analytic calculations and the simulations are important to certify the choices. In this context, the actual paper presents the analysis of the capabilities of a BLDC motor powertrain. A new method is used in

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Krumboldt, L. N., and F. P. Golovashkin. "The Mobility of High-speed and Special Traction Machines equipped with hydrostatic transmission." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 2, no. 1 (2008): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69644.

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This paper examines mobility of track-type and special traction vehicles equipped with hydrostatic drive. The hydrostatic drive in a full flow powertrain considerably increases loading of a special traction vehicle engine (tractors, self-propelled combines, excavators) and therefore increases efficiency. The hydrostatic drive in double-flow powertrains and rotation mechanisms functions as a stepless rotation mechanism smoothly varying turning radius from infinity to a minimum value at a selected gear. The three examined variants of hydrostatic drive output control confirm power ant torque char

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Шириязданов and Rustem Shiriyazdanov. "Matching characteristics of agricultural power plants of mobile machines to the terms of their usage." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 3 (2014): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6504.

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Lack of accommodation of powertrains characteristics of mobile machines with the conditions of their operation in the agricultural sector leads to several problems. The aim of this study was chosen to create an approach to harmonize the characteristics of mobile machines powertrains with the conditions of their operation in the agricultural sector, which would allow to increase the efficiency of these machines due to: taking into account engine modes and transmission, peculiar to real operating conditions; taking into account the influence of the control action on the engine operation modes an

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Cho, Sungtae, Kukhyun Ahn, and Jang Moo Lee. "Efficiency of the planetary gear hybrid powertrain." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 220, no. 10 (2006): 1445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto176.

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Heerwagen, Mathias. "Efficiency is the Key in Every Powertrain." ATZ worldwide 121, no. 2 (2019): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-019-0002-x.

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Heerwagen, Mathias. "Efficiency is the Key in Every Powertrain." MTZ worldwide 80, no. 3 (2019): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-019-0005-4.

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