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Journal articles on the topic 'Pox2'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wang, Huijie J., Marie-Thérèse Le Dall, Yves Waché, et al. "Evaluation of Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidase (Aox) Isozyme Function in the n-Alkane-Assimilating YeastYarrowia lipolytica." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 17 (1999): 5140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.17.5140-5148.1999.

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ABSTRACT We have identified five acyl coenzyme A (CoA) oxidase isozymes (Aox1 through Aox5) in the n-alkane-assimilating yeastYarrowia lipolytica, encoded by the POX1through POX5 genes. The physiological function of these oxidases has been investigated by gene disruption. Single, double, triple, and quadruple disruptants were constructed. Global Aox activity was determined as a function of time after induction and of substrate chain length. Single null mutations did not affect growth but affected the chain length preference of acyl-CoA oxidase activity, as evidenced by a chain length specifici

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Goffin, Philippe, Lidia Muscariello, Frederique Lorquet, et al. "Involvement of Pyruvate Oxidase Activity and Acetate Production in the Survival of Lactobacillus plantarum during the Stationary Phase of Aerobic Growth." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 12 (2006): 7933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00659-06.

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ABSTRACT In addition to the previously characterized pyruvate oxidase PoxB, the Lactobacillus plantarum genome encodes four predicted pyruvate oxidases (PoxC, PoxD, PoxE, and PoxF). Each pyruvate oxidase gene was individually inactivated, and only the knockout of poxF resulted in a decrease in pyruvate oxidase activity under the tested conditions. We show here that L. plantarum has two major pyruvate oxidases: PoxB and PoxF. Both are involved in lactate-to-acetate conversion in the early stationary phase of aerobic growth and are regulated by carbon catabolite repression. A strain devoid of py

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Masuda, Yutaka, Sun Mee Park, Akinori Ohta, and Masamichi Takagi. "Cloning and characterization of the POX2 gene in Candida maltosa." Gene 167, no. 1-2 (1995): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(95)00655-9.

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Guo, Yanqiong, Huanlu Song, Zhaoyue Wang та Yongzhi Ding. "Expression of POX2 gene and disruption of POX3 genes in the industrial Yarrowia lipolytica on the γ-decalactone production". Microbiological Research 167, № 4 (2012): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2011.10.003.

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5

Moussa, Tarek A. A. "Molecular characterization of the phenol oxidase (pox2) gene from the ligninolytic fungusPleurotus ostreatus." FEMS Microbiology Letters 298, no. 2 (2009): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01708.x.

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6

Pignède, Georges, Hui-Jie Wang, Franck Fudalej, Michel Seman, Claude Gaillardin, and Jean-Marc Nicaud. "Autocloning and Amplification of LIP2 inYarrowia lipolytica." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 8 (2000): 3283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.8.3283-3289.2000.

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ABSTRACT We synthesized a Yarrowia lipolytica strain overproducing lipase for industrial applications by using long terminal repeat (ζ) of the Y. lipolytica retrotransposon Ylt1 and an allele of URA3 with a promoter deletion to construct JMP3. JMP3 is a derivative of plasmid pHSS6 carrying aNotI-NotI cassette which contains a defectiveURA3 allele, a polylinker sequence, and the ζ region for targeting to multiple sites in the genome of the recipient. We inserted the LIP2 gene (encoding extracellular lipase) under the control of the strong POX2 promoter into JMP3 to generate JMP6. The pHSS6 regi

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Fabiszewska, Misiukiewicz-Stępień, Paplińska-Goryca, Zieniuk, and Białecka-Florjańczyk. "An Insight into Storage Lipid Synthesis by Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast Relating to Lipid and Sugar Substrates Metabolism." Biomolecules 9, no. 11 (2019): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9110685.

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Single cell oil (SCO) is the lipid accumulated in the cells of oleaginous microorganisms. Cellular lipids can be synthesized in two different pathways: de novo by metabolizing hydrophilic substrates and ex novo by fermenting hydrophobic substrates. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of carbon source (glucose and olive oil) in the culture medium on the course of microbial oil accumulation in Y. lipolytica cells. The level of selected gene expression by real time quantitative PCR method was investigated. The significant increase in expression of the POX2 gene encoding acyl-CoA oxida

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Picataggio, S., K. Deanda, and J. Mielenz. "Determination of Candida tropicalis acyl coenzyme A oxidase isozyme function by sequential gene disruption." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 9 (1991): 4333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.9.4333.

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A recently developed transformation system has been used to facilitate the sequential disruption of the Candida tropicalis chromosomal POX4 and POX5 genes, encoding distinct isozymes of the acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) oxidase which catalyzes the first reaction in the beta-oxidation pathway. The URA3-based transformation system was repeatedly regenerated by restoring the uracil requirement to transformed strains, either through selection for spontaneous mutations or by directed deletion within the URA 3 coding sequence, to permit sequential gene disruptions within a single strain of C. tropicali

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9

Picataggio, S., K. Deanda, and J. Mielenz. "Determination of Candida tropicalis acyl coenzyme A oxidase isozyme function by sequential gene disruption." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 9 (1991): 4333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.9.4333-4339.1991.

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A recently developed transformation system has been used to facilitate the sequential disruption of the Candida tropicalis chromosomal POX4 and POX5 genes, encoding distinct isozymes of the acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) oxidase which catalyzes the first reaction in the beta-oxidation pathway. The URA3-based transformation system was repeatedly regenerated by restoring the uracil requirement to transformed strains, either through selection for spontaneous mutations or by directed deletion within the URA 3 coding sequence, to permit sequential gene disruptions within a single strain of C. tropicali

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10

Ors, M., B. Randoux, A. Siah, et al. "A Plant Nutrient- and Microbial Protein-Based Resistance Inducer Elicits Wheat Cultivar-Dependent Resistance Against Zymoseptoria tritici." Phytopathology® 109, no. 12 (2019): 2033–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-19-0075-r.

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The induction of plant defense mechanisms by resistance inducers is an attractive and innovative alternative to reduce the use of fungicides on wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici, the responsible agent of Septoria tritici blotch (STB). Under controlled conditions, we investigated the resistance induction in three wheat cultivars with different susceptible levels to STB as a response to a treatment with a sulfur, manganese sulfate, and protein-based resistance inducer (NECTAR Céréales). While no direct antigermination effect of the product was observed in planta, more than 50% reduction of both

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11

Mlíčková, Kateřina, Emeline Roux, Karin Athenstaedt, et al. "Lipid Accumulation, Lipid Body Formation, and Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidases of the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 7 (2004): 3918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.7.3918-3924.2004.

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ABSTRACT Yarrowia lipolytica contains five acyl-coenzyme A oxidases (Aox), encoded by the POX1 to POX5 genes, that catalyze the limiting step of peroxisomal β-oxidation. In this study, we analyzed morphological changes of Y. lipolytica growing in an oleic acid medium and the effect of POX deletions on lipid accumulation. Protrusions involved in the uptake of lipid droplets (LDs) from the medium were seen in electron micrographs of the surfaces of wild-type cells grown on oleic acid. The number of protrusions and surface-bound LDs increased during growth, but the sizes of the LDs decreased. The

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12

Palmieri, Gianna, Paola Giardina, Carmen Bianco, Bianca Fontanella, and Giovanni Sannia. "Copper Induction of Laccase Isoenzymes in the Ligninolytic Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 3 (2000): 920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.3.920-924.2000.

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ABSTRACT Pleurotus ostreatus is a white rot basidiomycete that produces several extracellular laccase isoenzymes, including phenol oxidase A1b (POXA1b), POXA2, and POXC. POXC was the most abundant isoenzyme produced under all of the growth conditions examined in this study. Copper was the most efficient inducer of laccase activity among the putative inducers tested. The amounts of all of the previously described laccase isoenzymes increased substantially in copper-supplemented cultures. Under these conditions expression of POX isoenzymes was regulated at the level of gene transcription. It is

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13

Beopoulos, Athanasios, Zuzana Mrozova, France Thevenieau, et al. "Control of Lipid Accumulation in the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 24 (2008): 7779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01412-08.

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ABSTRACT A genomic comparison of Yarrowia lipolytica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicates that the metabolism of Y. lipolytica is oriented toward the glycerol pathway. To redirect carbon flux toward lipid synthesis, the GUT2 gene, which codes for the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isomer, was deleted in Y. lipolytica in this study. This Δgut2 mutant strain demonstrated a threefold increase in lipid accumulation compared to the wild-type strain. However, mobilization of lipid reserves occurred after the exit from the exponential phase due to β-oxidation. Y. lipolytica contains six acyl-co

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14

Oulbi, Sara, Kaoutar Kohaich, Mohammed Baaziz, Ilham Belkoura, and Kenza Loutfi. "Peroxidase Enzyme Fractions as Markers of Somatic Embryogenesis Capacities in Olive (Olea europaea L.)." Plants 10, no. 5 (2021): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050901.

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As part of the search for biochemical markers of somatic embryogenesis in tissue cultures of olive (Olea europaea L.), peroxidases (POXs) in both the soluble and ionically wall-bound fractions were studied in two reputed olive cultivars (cvs.): “Picholine Marocaine” and “Dahbia”. In order to carry out embryogenesis induction, proximal cotyledons were cultured in modified olive medium (OMc) supplemented with 25 μM indole-3-butylic acid (IBA) and 2.5 μM 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP), while distal leaf fragments (somatic explants) were cultured in OMc supplemented with 4.56 µM zeatin riboside (ZR) a

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15

GIARDINA, Paola, Gianna PALMIERI, Andrea SCALONI, et al. "Protein and gene structure of a blue laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus1." Biochemical Journal 341, no. 3 (1999): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3410655.

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A new laccase isoenzyme (POXA1b, where POX is phenol oxidase), produced by Pleurotus ostreatus in cultures supplemented with copper sulphate, has been purified and fully characterized. The main characteristics of this protein (molecular mass in native and denaturing conditions, pI and catalytic properties) are almost identical to the previously studied laccase POXA1w. However, POXA1b contains four copper atoms per molecule instead of one copper, two zinc and one iron atom per molecule of POXA1w. Furthermore, POXA1b shows an unusually high stability at alkaline pH. The gene and cDNA coding for

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16

Ha, Xia, Birger Koopmann, and Andreas von Tiedemann. "Wheat Blast and Fusarium Head Blight Display Contrasting Interaction Patterns on Ears of Wheat Genotypes Differing in Resistance." Phytopathology® 106, no. 3 (2016): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-15-0202-r.

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The interaction of wheat with two ear pathogens, Magnaporthe wheat blast (MWB) and Fusarium graminearum (Fusarium head blight, FHB), was studied on the phenotypic, histological, and gene expression level. Most of the 27 wheat cultivars inoculated with MWB and F. graminearum displayed inverse disease responses to blast and FHB infection. Two cultivars, Milan and Sumai 3, were selected expressing converse disease phenotypes to blast (Milan, R)/(Sumai 3, S) and FHB (Milan, S)/(Sumai 3, R). Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed early (12 h postinoculation) colonization of the spikelets by MW

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17

Zincke, Diansy, Deepak Balasubramanian, Lynn L. Silver, and Kalai Mathee. "Characterization of a Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Enzyme, PoxB, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 2 (2015): 936–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01807-15.

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ABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosais an opportunistic pathogen often associated with severe and life-threatening infections that are highly impervious to treatment. This microbe readily exhibits intrinsic and acquired resistance to varied antimicrobial drugs. Resistance to penicillin-like compounds is commonplace and provided by the chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase. A second, chromosomally encoded β-lactamase, PoxB, has previously been reported inP. aeruginosa. In the present work, the contribution of this class D enzyme was investigated using a series of clean in-frameampC,poxB, andoprDdeletions, as

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18

McKee, Mahta. "PO02." Brachytherapy 20, no. 3 (2021): S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2021.05.105.

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Cheng, Guanghui, Xin Guo, and Ning Zhang. "PO22." Brachytherapy 20, no. 3 (2021): S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2021.06.110.

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Ramdulari, Anjali V., Astha Srivastava, Prashanth Giridhar, and D. N. Sharma. "PO32." Brachytherapy 20, no. 3 (2021): S70—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2021.06.120.

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Shuxia, Cheng. "PO12." Brachytherapy 20, no. 3 (2021): S61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2021.06.100.

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22

Villalba, Silvia Rodriguez. "PO42." Brachytherapy 20, no. 3 (2021): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2021.05.145.

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Ramdulari, Anjali. "PO32." Brachytherapy 20, no. 3 (2021): S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2021.05.135.

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McKee, Mahta, Paul Black, James D. Ververs, Karina Nieto, and Doris R. Brown. "PO02." Brachytherapy 20, no. 3 (2021): S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2021.06.090.

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Fujun, Zhang. "PO52." Brachytherapy 20, no. 3 (2021): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2021.05.154.

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Villalba, Silvia Rodriguez, Jose Pérez-Calatayud, Maria Jose Pérez-Calatayud, Diana Guevara Barrera, and Manuel Santos Ortega. "PO42." Brachytherapy 20, no. 3 (2021): S75—S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2021.06.130.

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Cheng, Guanghui. "PO22." Brachytherapy 20, no. 3 (2021): S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2021.05.125.

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Zhao, Shuangtao, Huzheng Yan, Letao Lin, and Zhang Fujun. "PO52." Brachytherapy 20, no. 3 (2021): S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2021.06.139.

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Stefanovsky, S. V., O. I. Stefanovsky, M. I. Kadyko, V. A. Zhachkin, and L. D. Bogomolova. "The Effect of Electron Irradiation on the Structure of Sodium Aluminum-Iron Phosphate Glasses." MRS Advances 1, no. 63-64 (2016): 4227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.213.

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ABSTRACTGlasses of the series (mol.%) 40 Na2O, (20-x) Al2O3, x Fe2O3, 40 P2O5 were irradiated with 8 MeV electrons to doses equivalent of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 MGy and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and ESR at room temperature. FTIR spectra of all the glasses consist of strong bands due to O-P-O stretching modes in (PO4)3- and (P2O7)4- units at 1000-1200 cm-1, P-O-P stretching modes at 900-950 cm-1 (νas) and 700-750 cm-1 (νs), and bending modes in the PO4 units. The wavenumber range lower 800 cm-1 has some contribution due to stretching modes in MO4 and MO6 (M = Al, Fe) units. Moreover the ban

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Pan, Lili, Chao Hong, Gang Xiao, Huimin Geng, Shaoyuan Wang, and Markus Müschen. "Paraoxonase 2 Enables Initiation of B-ALL By Subverting Metabolic Gatekeeper Functions." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125171.

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Background and significance: The B-lymphoid transcription factors IKZF1 and PAX5 are essential for early B-cell development but also function as metabolic gatekeepers by restricting glucose uptake across the cell membrane (Chan et al., Nature 2017; Xiao et al., Cell 2018). Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is used as a diagnostic marker and included in a 15 gene diagnostic LDA panel (NCT02883049) for the identification of Ph+ and Ph-like ALL, a B-ALL subgroup with poor outcome and frequent deletion of IKZF1. Pon2 is a member of detoxifying enzymes that are located to the mitochondrial membrane, and hydroly

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Carpi, John. "A Pox on the Pox." Scientific American 273, no. 4 (1995): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1095-32b.

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Shih, Diana, Yonghong Meng, Tamer Sallam, et al. "PON2 Deficiency Leads to Increased Susceptibility to Diet-Induced Obesity." Antioxidants 8, no. 1 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8010019.

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(1) Background: Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a ubiquitously expressed protein localized to endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Previous studies have shown that PON2 exhibits anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory functions, and PON2-deficient (PON2-def) mice are more susceptible to atherosclerosis. Furthermore, PON2 deficiency leads to impaired mitochondrial function. (2) Methods: In this study, we examined the susceptibility of PON2-def mice to diet-induced obesity. (3) Results: After feeding of an obesifying diet, the PON2-def mice exhibited significantly increased body weight due to increased fa

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Xiao, Gang, Chao Hong, Huimin Geng, and Markus Muschen. "PON2 Exemplifies a Unique Dependency of B Cell Lineage ALL Cells on Detoxifying Lactonases." Blood 130, Suppl_1 (2017): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v130.suppl_1.882.882.

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Abstract Background and significance : Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a member of mammalian detoxifying enzymes that are located to the mitochondrial membrane, hydrolyze lactone metabolites and interact with coenzyme Q10 to diminish oxidative stress. While PON2 is highly expressed in the CNS and multiple fetal tissues, expression levels in normal hematopoietic cells are low. We began to study the function of PON2 in B cell lineage ALL, because microarray analyses suggested high mRNA levels of PON2 in B cell lineage ALL cells. In addition, PON2 is used as a diagnostic marker on a 15 gene diagnostic LD

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Bourquard, Noam, Carey J. Ng, and Srinivasa T. Reddy. "Impaired hepatic insulin signalling in PON2-deficient mice: a novel role for the PON2/apoE axis on the macrophage inflammatory response." Biochemical Journal 436, no. 1 (2011): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20101891.

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Hepatic glucose metabolism is strongly influenced by oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. PON2 (paraoxonase 2), an enzyme with undefined antioxidant properties, protects against atherosclerosis. PON2-deficient (PON2-def) mice have elevated hepatic oxidative stress coupled with an exacerbated inflammatory response from PON2-deficient macrophages. In the present paper, we demonstrate that PON2 deficiency is associated with inhibitory insulin-mediated phosphorylation of hepatic IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1). Unexpectedly, we observed a marked improvement in the hepatic IRS-1 phos

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Shuxia, Cheng. "GYN (25) PO12." Brachytherapy 20, no. 3 (2021): S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2021.05.115.

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Bai, J., P. Jia, Y. Zhang, K. Wang та G. Wu. "Paraoxonase 2 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuronal injury by enhancing Nrf2 activation via GSK-3β modulation". Human & Experimental Toxicology 40, № 8 (2021): 1342–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327121996032.

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Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a powerful antioxidant that mediates cell survival under oxidative stress; however, its protection neurons against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced oxidative stress remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the precise regulating role of PON2 in neuronal survival under oxidative stress. An in vitro model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was used to assess the effect of PON2 on oxidative stress induced by oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Results showed that PON2 expression in neurons was decreased due to OGD/R exposure. A series o

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Burgess, Shawn, Gerlinde Reim, Wenbiao Chen, Nancy Hopkins, and Michael Brand. "The zebrafishspiel-ohne-grenzen(spg) gene encodes the POU domain protein Pou2 related to mammalianOct4and is essential for formation of the midbrain and hindbrain, and for pre-gastrula morphogenesis." Development 129, no. 4 (2002): 905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.4.905.

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In early embryonic development, the brain is divided into three main regions along the anteroposterior axis: the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Through retroviral insertional mutagenesis and chemical mutagenesis experiments in zebrafish, we have isolated mutations that cause abnormal hindbrain organization and a failure of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) to form, a region that acts as an organizer for the adjacent brain regions. The mutations fail to complement the spiel-ohne-grenzen (spg) mutation, which causes a similar phenotype, but for which the affected gene is unknown. We show

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Horke, Sven, Ines Witte, Sebastian Altenhöfer, et al. "Paraoxonase 2 is down-regulated by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorumsensing signal N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone and attenuates oxidative stress induced by pyocyanin." Biochemical Journal 426, no. 1 (2010): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20091414.

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Two virulence factors produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are pyocyanin and N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3OC12). Pyocyanin damages host cells by generating ROS (reactive oxygen species). 3OC12 is a quorum-sensing signalling molecule which regulates bacterial gene expression and modulates host immune responses. PON2 (paraoxonase-2) is an esterase that inactivates 3OC12 and potentially attenuates Ps. aeruginosa virulence. Because increased intracellular Ca2+ initiates the degradation of PON2 mRNA and protein and 3OC12 causes increases in cytosolic Ca2+, we hypothesized that 3OC12 wou

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Spiecker, Lisa, Ines Witte, Julia Mehlig, et al. "Deficiency of Antioxidative Paraoxonase 2 (Pon2) Leads to Increased Number of Phenotypic LT-HSCs and Disturbed Erythropoiesis." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (June 25, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3917028.

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Background. Long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) reside in bone marrow niches with tightly controlled reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ROS increase results into LT-HSC differentiation and stem cell exhaustion. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) has been shown to be important for ROS control. Objectives. We investigate the effects of inactivation of the PON2 gene on hematopoietic cell differentiation and activity. Methods and Results. In young mice with inactivated Pon2 gene (Pon2-/-, <3 months), we observed an increase of LT-HSCs and a reduced frequency of progenitor cells. In competitive tr

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40

Relman, David A. "Pox." Journal of Clinical Investigation 121, no. 12 (2011): 4571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci58495.

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Williams, Lindsey N., Lisette Marjavaara, Gary M. Knowels та ін. "dNTP pool levels modulate mutator phenotypes of error-prone DNA polymerase ε variants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, № 19 (2015): E2457—E2466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422948112.

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Mutator phenotypes create genetic diversity that fuels tumor evolution. DNA polymerase (Pol) ε mediates leading strand DNA replication. Proofreading defects in this enzyme drive a number of human malignancies. Here, using budding yeast, we show that mutator variants of Pol ε depend on damage uninducible (Dun)1, an S-phase checkpoint kinase that maintains dNTP levels during a normal cell cycle and up-regulates dNTP synthesis upon checkpoint activation. Deletion of DUN1 (dun1Δ) suppresses the mutator phenotype of pol2-4 (encoding Pol ε proofreading deficiency) and is synthetically lethal with po

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Cranert, Stacey, Serena Heyse, Benjamin R. Linger, Rachel Lescasse, and Carolyn Price. "Tetrahymena Pot2 Is a Developmentally Regulated Paralog of Pot1 That Localizes to Chromosome Breakage Sites but Not to Telomeres." Eukaryotic Cell 13, no. 12 (2014): 1519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00204-14.

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ABSTRACT Tetrahymena telomeres are protected by a protein complex composed of Pot1, Tpt1, Pat1, and Pat2. Pot1 binds the 3′ overhang and serves multiple roles in telomere maintenance. Here we describe Pot2, a paralog of Pot1 which has evolved a novel function during Tetrahymena sexual reproduction. Pot2 is unnecessary for telomere maintenance during vegetative growth, as the telomere structure is unaffected by POT2 macronuclear gene disruption. Pot2 is expressed only in mated cells, where it accumulates in developing macronuclei around the time of two chromosome processing events: internal eli

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Horke, Sven, Ines Witte, Petra Wilgenbus, et al. "Protective effect of paraoxonase-2 against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis is lost upon disturbance of calcium homoeostasis." Biochemical Journal 416, no. 3 (2008): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20080775.

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PON2 (paraoxonase-2) is a ubiquitously expressed antioxidative protein which is largely found in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). Addressing the cytoprotective functions of PON2, we observed that PON2 overexpression provided significant resistance to ER-stress-induced caspase 3 activation when the ER stress was induced by interference with protein modification (by tunicamycin or dithiothreitol), but not when ER stress was induced by disturbance of Ca2+ homoeostasis (by thapsigargin or A23187). When analysing the underlying molecular events, we found an activation of the PON2 promoter in respons

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Koren-Gluzer, Marie, Mira Rosenblat, and Tony Hayek. "Paraoxonase 2 Induces a Phenotypic Switch in Macrophage Polarization Favoring an M2 Anti-Inflammatory State." International Journal of Endocrinology 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/915243.

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Inflammatory processes are involved in atherosclerosis development. Macrophages play a major role in the early atherogenesis, and they are present in the atherosclerotic lesion in two phenotypes: proinflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2). Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is expressed in macrophages, and it was shown to protect against atherosclerosis. Thus, the aim of our study was to analyze the direct effect of PON2 on macrophage inflammatory phenotypes. Ex vivo studies were performed with murine peritoneal macrophages (MPM) harvested from control C57BL/6 and PON2-deficient (PON2KO) mice. PON2KO MP

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Levy, Emile, Karine Trudel, Moise Bendayan, et al. "Biological role, protein expression, subcellular localization, and oxidative stress response of paraoxonase 2 in the intestine of humans and rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 293, no. 6 (2007): G1252—G1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00369.2007.

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Oxidative stress is a cardinal manifestation of various intestinal disorders. However, very little knowledge is available on the intestine's inherent defense mechanisms against free radicals. This study was designed to determine the protein expression, subcellular localization and oxidative stress response of paraoxonase 2 (PON2), a member of a powerful antioxidant family in human and rat intestine. Biochemical and ultrastructural experiments all showed a substantial expression of PON2 in human and rat intestine. Western blot analysis disclosed higher levels of PON2 in the jejunum than in the

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Pan, Lili, Chao Hong, Lai N. Chan, et al. "PON2 subverts metabolic gatekeeper functions in B cells to promote leukemogenesis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 7 (2021): e2016553118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016553118.

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Unlike other cell types, developing B cells undergo multiple rounds of somatic recombination and hypermutation to evolve high-affinity antibodies. Reflecting the high frequency of DNA double-strand breaks, adaptive immune protection by B cells comes with an increased risk of malignant transformation. B lymphoid transcription factors (e.g., IKZF1 and PAX5) serve as metabolic gatekeepers by limiting glucose to levels insufficient to fuel transformation. We here identified aberrant expression of the lactonase PON2 in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) as a mechanism to bypass metabolic g

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Manco, Giuseppe, Elena Porzio, and Teresa Maria Carusone. "Human Paraoxonase-2 (PON2): Protein Functions and Modulation." Antioxidants 10, no. 2 (2021): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020256.

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PON1, PON2, and PON3 belong to a family of lactone hydrolyzing enzymes endowed with various substrate specificities. Among PONs, PON2 shows the highest hydrolytic activity toward many acyl-homoserine lactones (acyl-HL) involved in bacterial quorum-sensing signaling. Accordingly, defense against pathogens, such as Brevundimonas aeruginosa (B. aeruginosa), was postulated to be the principal function of PON2. However, recent findings have highlighted the importance of PON2 in oxidative stress control, inhibition of apoptosis, and the progression of various types of malignancies. This review focus

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Shakhparonov, M. I., N. V. Antipova, V. O. Shender, et al. "Expression and Intracellular Localization of Paraoxonase 2 in Different Types of Malignancies." Acta Naturae 10, no. 3 (2018): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2018-10-3-92-99.

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PON2 belongs to the paraoxonase protein family that consists of lactone hydrolyzing enzymes with different substrate specificities. Unlike other members of the family, PON2 exhibits substantial antioxidant activity, is localized predominantly inside the cell, and is ubiquitously expressed in all human tissues. Previously, it was proffered that defense against pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is the main function of paraoxonases. However, recent findings have highlighted the important role played by PON2 in protection against oxidative stress, inhibition of apoptosis, and progression

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Qu, Na, Wenjian Gan, Dongling Bi, Shitou Xia, Xin Li, and Yuelin Zhang. "Two BTB proteins function redundantly as negative regulators of defense against pathogens in Arabidopsis." Botany 88, no. 11 (2010): 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b10-067.

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The BTB domain is a protein–protein interaction motif found throughout eukaryotes. Here we report the identification of two closely related BTB domain-containing proteins, POZ/BTB CONTAINING-PROTEIN 1 (POB1) and POB2, as negative regulators of defense against pathogens. In yeast two-hybrid assays, POB1 and POB2 dimerize through their BTB domains. The pob1–1 pob2–1 double mutant plants exhibited enhanced resistance against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2. Double knockout, but not single mutants of pob1–1 and pob2–1, displayed e

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Tremper, Kevin K., Stuart Anderson, and Steven J. Barker. "Relationship of transcutaneous PO2 to arterial PO2." Canadian Anaesthetists’ Society Journal 33, no. 1 (1986): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03010920.

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