Academic literature on the topic 'PPC campaigns'
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Journal articles on the topic "PPC campaigns"
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Hamilton, Robert. "«An idea unleashed in history»: Dr Martin Luther King Jr and the campaign to end poverty in America." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.188.
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As well as being a civil rights advocate, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr consistently called for human rights for all. He opposed poverty, racism, imperialism and political disfranchisement as part of an analysis, which viewed inequality not only in American but also in global terms. In order to address poverty and related human rights issues, King proposed a Poor People’s Campaign (PPC). In May 1968, only weeks after King’s assassination, the PPC saw thousands of poor people travel to Washington DC to protest against poverty. The demonstrators occupied sacred space in the nation’s capital by building a temporary community, known as Resurrection City. During preparations for the PPC and in Washington, the activists drew on a rich legacy of adult education from previous civil rights campaigns. The approaches adopted by PPC participants were innovative and represented alternatives to conventional educational practices. These included Freedom Schools, a Poor People’s University, workshops, marches and demonstrations, which assisted the protesters to come together in coalition to challenge dominant hegemonic narratives concerning the causes, nature and scope of poverty. Although ultimately unsuccessful in its aspiration to end economic injustice in America, the PPC undoubtedly laid the seeds for future anti-poverty activism. The article draws on primary source documents and oral testimonies from five archives.
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Szymański, Grzegorz. "Google Ads Campaigns in Promotional Activities of Theaters." Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minib-2020-0023.
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AbstractAlthough the pace of life is very high today, young people spend free time among applications and electronic devices, but theatrical performances are relatively popular nonetheless. Theaters to appeal to young people should use online tools as a basic form of advertising. One of the most popular forms of e-marketing is the search engine SEM. The research question was formulated in the form: do the theaters advertise in paid search results PPC? To answer this question, we analyzed the search results on Google, including AdWords ads, among Polish theaters for popular keywords. By analyzing the results obtained, it can be said that definitely theaters do not use PPC as an advertising tool. Among the popular keywords only 5 theaters were identified using this form, which represents less than 3% of all the theaters in Poland. The reasons for low popularity are the high costs and the lack of advertising due to the relatively large number of contemporary theater customers.
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Blyzniuk, Vasyl. "Metrics in digital marketing of trade enterprises." Marketing and Digital Technologies 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/mdt.5.2.2021.4.
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Aim of the article. The purpose of the article is to identify metrics that are relevant to digital marketing, in particular, in the activities of trade enterprises. Description of certain metrics, their detailing and systematization. Analyses results. A study on the metrics of digital marketing in the activities of trade enterprises. Systematized, defined and supplemented groups of digital marketing metrics, their application in the activities of enterprises. The main metrics of digital marketing on some groups of metrics of digital marketing in the aspect of the analysis of digital marketing are allocated. The metrics used in social media marketing have been significantly supplemented and described. Added an exhaustive list of marketing metrics in social networks, in particular, highlighted the main ones. The interpretation of the metrics for attracting, covering and evaluating the results of advertising campaigns in order to attract new subscribers has been supplemented and detailed. The metrics of media and ppc-advertising are described in detail, the most important of them are singled out. The metrics of email-marketing are considered, defined and supplemented, priority ones are determined. The popularity of using digital metrics in ppc and e-mail groups is substantiated.The digital marketing metrics used for startups are outlined, described and detailed. Conclusions and directions for further research. The study analyzed and supplemented the main groups of application of digital marketing metrics. The descriptions and details of these metrics have been clarified, a wider set of metrics has been found, which corresponds to the current state of affairs in digital marketing. Systematized information from various sources and supplemented by practical observations of the functioning of services and digital marketing systems. The metrics related to social media marketing have been significantly supplemented and described. For each direction, important metrics are identified that outline the tools by results
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Arifin, S. M. Niaz, Christoph Zimmer, Caroline Trotter, Anaïs Colombini, Fati Sidikou, F. Marc LaForce, Ted Cohen, and Reza Yaesoubi. "Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Uses of Polyvalent Meningococcal Vaccines in Niger: An Agent-Based Transmission Modeling Study." Medical Decision Making 39, no. 5 (July 2019): 553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x19859899.
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Background. Despite the introduction of an effective serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MenAfriVac™), sporadic epidemics of other Neisseria meningitidis serogroups remain a concern in Africa. Polyvalent meningococcal conjugate (PMC) vaccines may offer alternatives to current strategies that rely on routine infant vaccination with MenAfriVac plus, in the event of an epidemic, district-specific reactive campaigns using polyvalent meningococcal polysaccharide (PMP) vaccines. Methods. We developed an agent-based transmission model of N. meningitidis in Niger to compare the health effects and costs of current vaccination practice and 3 alternatives. Each alternative replaces MenAfriVac in the infant vaccination series with PMC and either replaces PMP with PMC for reactive campaigns or implements a one-time catch up campaign with PMC for children and young adults. Results. Over a 28-year period, replacement of MenAfriVac with PMC in the infant immunization series and of PMP in reactive campaigns would avert 63% of expected cases (95% prediction interval 49%–75%) if elimination of serogroup A is not followed by serogroup replacement. At a PMC price of $4/dose, this would cost $1412 ($81–$3510) per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. If serogroup replacement occurs, the cost-effectiveness of this strategy improves to $662 (cost-saving, $2473) per DALY averted. Sensitivity analyses accounting for incomplete laboratory confirmation suggest that a catch-up PMC campaign would also meet standard cost-effectiveness thresholds. Limitations. The assumption that polyvalent vaccines offer similar protection against all serogroups is simplifying. Conclusions. The use of PMC vaccines to replace MenAfriVac in routine infant immunization and in district-specific reactive campaigns would have important health benefits and is likely to be cost-effective in Niger. An additional PMC catch-up campaign would also be cost-effective if we account for incomplete laboratory reporting.
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Podhorzer, Michael, Lorraine Driscoll, and Edwin S. Rothschild. "Unhealthy Money: The Growth in Health Pacs' Congressional Campaign Contributions." International Journal of Health Services 23, no. 1 (January 1993): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jm8f-cjm1-n9me-flhx.
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The health and insurance industries have launched a massive lobbying and public relations effort to undermine popular support in the United States for a national health care system. As part of their campaign, these industries have increased dramatically their PAC contributions to members of Congress. This article provides a detailed account of these PAC contributions to congressional incumbents and candidates, and discusses additional information on the health insurance industry's advertising campaigns.
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Bashevkin, Sylvia. "Party Talk: Assessing the Feminist Rhetoric of Women Leadership Candidates in Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 42, no. 2 (June 2009): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423909090325.
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Abstract.This study examines public statements by female candidates for the leadership of major federal parties in the period 1975–2006, with reference to the conceptual literature on political representation. Was the willingness of women politicians to voice feminist rhetoric more closely related to extra-parliamentary dynamics, notably the changing fortunes of feminist and antifeminist movements, or to parliamentary factors, including the ideological as well as competitive circumstances of their parties? The empirical discussion suggests feminist content was particularly strong in the language of Rosemary Brown for the NDP in 1975, Kim Campbell for the PCs in 1993 and Martha Hall Findlay for the Liberals in 2006. Overall results point toward the utility of a two-pronged perspective that merges a parliamentary view that centre-left through centre-right parties, as well as those in an opposition or weak governing position, were more likely sites of feminist discourse than hard right and firmly competitive parties, with a movement-focused approach that explains the diminished use of representational rhetoric during this period, even in relatively hospitable parties, with reference to the declining legitimacy of organized feminism. Unlike in the US, women candidates in right parties in Canada did not use their campaigns as vehicles for voicing strong antifeminist positions.Résumé.Cette étude survole la littérature conceptuelle sur la représentation politique et examine ainsi les déclarations publiques faites par les candidates lors des courses à la direction des principaux partis politiques fédéraux pendant la période allant de 1975 à 2006. La volonté des politiciennes d'exprimer la rhétorique féministe était-elle davantage apparentée à la dynamique extra-parlementaire, notamment la force des mouvements féministes et antiféministes, ou plutôt aux facteurs parlementaires comme l'idéologie et la compétitivité de leur parti? La discussion empirique suggère que le contenu féministe était particulièrement important dans le vocabulaire utilisé par Rosemary Brown pour le NPD en 1975, par Kim Campbell pour le PPC en 1993 et par Martha Hall Findlay pour le PLC en 2006. Les résultats indiquent qu'il est utile, pour ce type d'étude, de considérer une fusion des deux approches. La première est une perspective parlementaire, qui suggère que les partis se situant sur le spectre politique entre le centre-gauche et le centre-droit, de même que ceux qui se trouvent dans une position d'opposition ou de gouvernement faible ou minoritaire, sont les plus réceptifs aux discours féministes. La deuxième approche (movement-focused) porte son attention sur les mouvements sociaux pour expliquer la diminution de l'utilisation de la rhétorique représentationnelle pendant cette période, et ce, même dans les partis relativement réceptifs au féminisme organisé. Contrairement à la situation aux États-Unis, les candidates à la direction des partis de droite au Canada n'ont pas utilisé la course à l'investiture de leur parti comme tremplin pour exprimer de fortes positions antiféministes.
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Chung, Philip, Regina Nailon, M. Salman Ashraf, Scott Bergman, Teresa Micheels, Mark E. Rupp, Michelle Schwedhelm, et al. "1880. Reducing Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute Bronchitis in Outpatient Settings Using a Multifaceted Approach." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S49—S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz359.110.
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Abstract Background Nebraska (NE) ranks among the highest states for per capita antibiotic (AB) use in outpatient (OP) settings. Nebraska Medicine (NM) partnered with NE Antimicrobial Stewardship Assessment and Promotion Program (ASAP), a program funded by NE DHHS via a CDC grant, to reduce AB prescribing for acute bronchitis in OP settings. Methods The antimicrobial stewardship (AS) pilot program targeted NM OP clinics during winter 2018. All OP facility clinicians were notified of the availability of online AS educational videos. In addition, 5 primary care clinics (PCC) received clinician-directed interventions that included acute respiratory infection management pocket guides and posters for display in workrooms. Another 5 PCC received both clinician- and patient-directed interventions (examination room patient empowerment posters, Be Antibiotic Aware pledge cards and brochures). We compared AB prescribing rates for acute bronchitis between January and April 2017 and January and April 2018 among the 2 PCC groups and a control group of 5 immediate care clinics/emergency departments (ICC/ED). Clinicians in all 10 PCC were surveyed to assess usefulness of the AS campaign. Results A total of 593 acute bronchitis diagnosis encounters were included. AB prescribing rates for acute bronchitis for the 15 sites decreased from 53.7% to 43.6% (P = 0.02). Prescribing rates were unchanged in ICC/ED that received only notification of online educational videos (40.8% vs. 41.5%, P = 1.00) but were reduced in clinics that received clinician-directed (74.5% vs. 33.3%, P < 0.01) and patient-directed (61.1% vs. 48.8%, P = 0.07) interventions. Azithromycin was the most commonly prescribed AB (31.5% in 2017 and 29.8% in 2018). After the AS campaign, only the clinician-directed intervention group saw a reduction in azithromycin prescribing (33.3% vs. 13.9%, P < 0.05). Out of 51 clinicians who completed the survey, 45.1% felt campaign tools facilitated meaningful discussion with patients. Workroom posters and pocket guides were reported by 47.1% and 39.2% to be somewhat or extremely helpful, respectively. Conclusion This OP AS campaign led to a significant reduction in AB prescribing. Successful OP AS campaigns need multifaceted approaches but targeted clinician interventions appear most beneficial. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.
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Milyo, Jeffrey, David Primo, and Timothy Groseclose. "Corporate PAC Campaign Contributions in Perspective." Business and Politics 2, no. 1 (April 2000): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1004.
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There is a vast empirical literature on the allocation of corporate PAC contributions in Congressional elections and the influence that these contributions have on the policy-making process. The attention given to PAC contributions is far in excess of their actual importance. Corporate PAC contributions account for about 10% of Congressional campaign spending and major corporations allocate far more money to lobbying or philanthropy than their affiliated PACs make in contributions.
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Varlam, Carmen, Ioan Stefanescu, Stela Cuna, Irina Vagner, Ionut Faurescu, and Denisa Faurescu. "Radiocarbon and Tritium Levels Along the Romanian Lower Danube River." Radiocarbon 52, no. 2 (2010): 783–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200045793.
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The Lower Danube Basin covers the Romanian-Bulgarian sub-basin downstream from Cazane Gorge and the sub-basins of the Siret and Prut rivers. To extensively survey the Romanian nuclear power plant impact on the Danube water, tritium and radiocarbon baseline values are required. Therefore, the reported study tried to establish these values based on a 2-yr sampling campaign covering 975 km of the Danube from Cazane Gorge to Tulcea. The tributaries Cerna, Jiu, Olt, and Arges were also included in this study. During the sampling campaigns, tritium concentration of different sampling locations showed values between 7 ± 2.1 and 33.5 ± 2.3 TU. Measured 14C activity for the same locations ranged between 88.45 ± 1.46 and 112.36 ± 1.56 pMC. Lower values were recorded for tributaries: between 8.3 ± 2.1 and 12.2 ± 2.2 TU for tritium and between 67.3 ± 1.29 and 86.04 ± 1.42 pMC for 14C. Despite the nuclear activity in the observed areas, tritium and 14C activities presented slightly higher values for specific locations without any influence on Danube River water.
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Brickner, Wm Scott. "Campaign Finance Reform and Corporate PAC Strategy." Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 2 (1991): 967–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc1991237.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "PPC campaigns"
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Seman, Vladimír. "Analýza PPC systémů při různých PPC kampaních." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15459.
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Pay per click (PPC) advertising over the past few years has gained importance and companies invest larger amounts of money into it. There are more PPC systems in the market from which to choose for advertising. Which PPC system is appropriate to use for a specific campaign? This thesis consists of four chapters (excluding introduction and conclusion). The first chapter clarifies terms, talks about the basic characteristics of the subject and gives an idea of the importance of the topic (position of pay per click in the market of internet advertising). The second chapter characterizes three PPC systems (and their principles) which the author considers to be the most important in the Slovak market. The third chapter is important for the characterisation of different types of PPC campaigns. In it the author used his own classification of PPC campaigns. Two case studies are analysed in the fourth chapter. According to them an evaluation of the suitability of selected PPC systems is made (using induction method). The first three chapters are based on an analysis of available literature, the fourth part on the author's own experiences.
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Stojaníková, Jana. "Online marketingová strategie vybrané společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162756.
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The goal of my Diploma Thesis was to show companies, they should focuse more on investing time and their money into SEO, PR articles as well as they should use social media to communication with their customers. This could be in a long run more efficient than spending money on PPC campaigns. The Diploma Thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is oriented on Online Marketing, it shows the basics of each online marketing strategy; SEO, PPC as well as new trends in this fast growing field. The practical part is focused on analyzing instruments of online marketing strategy of ESENNCE.CZ, which is a Czech provider of Experience Days.
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Pérková, Eva. "Internetový marketing živnostníka." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201746.
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This diploma thesis focuses on Internet marketing of a tradesman. The theoretical part consisting of the first four chapters introduces Internet marketing and its tools, provides details about search engine optimization (SEO), search engine marketing (SEM) and Google Analytics - tool used to analyze website traffic. The final chapter focuses on Internet marketing of Mr. Škoch, a roofer from Lubná. The thesis analyzes his original website and strategy and then describes the process of creation of a new website, its optimization, creation of paid campaign and a Facebook page. Both websites and strategies are evaluated at the end of the chapter, recommendations are introduced and a list of steps for realization of Internet marketing is compiled. The aim of this thesis is to compile a summary of optimal Internet marketing tools universally applicable especially for tradesmen.
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Procházková, Anna. "Kontextová reklama Google AdWords." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193738.
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The diploma thesis deals with contextual advertising with a view to Google AdWords. The aim of the thesis is to build a Google AdWords account for a non-profit organization TJ Sokol and to evaluate successfulness as well as potential of these form of advertising in non-profit organizations. In theoretical framework there is a definition of contextual advertising, briefly described its history, principle, advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore there are various contextual advertising systems in Czech Republic compared to each other. The thesis focuses in detail on Google AdWords system description from the initial account creation to its basic parts -- campaigns, ad groups, keywords, ads and conversions. This part also deals with the connection to web analytical service Google Analytics. The account creation for non-profit organization TJ Sokol is described in practical section of the thesis. The preparations which needed to be done, account development and account optimization are mentioned in this section as well. Final Google AdWords performance evaluation is generalized to small non-profit organizations and general recommendations for effective and successful ad campaigns are made based on this evaluation.
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Šímová, Martina. "Řízení kampaně v PPC systému." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113354.
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The diploma thesis focuses on the mechanisms set up campaigns in ppc systems. Thesis discusses the role of PPC in the marketing mix of the company, compares ppc with other similar tools (e.g. SEO). The practical part describes the creation of ad groups, setting and management of keywords, selection of content network, and analysis advanced tools of ppc campaign (public, dimensions, themes).
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Čierna, Katarína. "Využitie PPC marketingu v mobilných reklamných kampaniach (Optimalizácia mobilných kampaní v AVG Technologies)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196959.
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The thesis is focused on most recent trends in the mobile marketing industry, paid mobile advertising market structure, size and processes. The aim of the thesis is to define the possibilities of using mobile advertising in two basic segments mobile advertising in search and mobile display advertising. It provides performance results of the paid mobile advertising campaigns and their role in the corporate practice. The last part provides in-depth view about use of mobile advertising at the company AVG Technologies. It illustrates how the company increased the number of app installations and factors that influence the effectiveness of in-app advertising campaigns in general.
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Pereira, Michelle Soares. "Cooperative in-home Power Line Communication: analyses based on a measurement campaign." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/245.
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Este trabalho aborda a análise de protocolos de cooperação para melhorar o desempenho de sistemas powerline communication (PLC). O estudo se baseia em um conjunto de dados de canais PLC in-home. As análises discutidas abordam a capacidade teórica do canal quando protocolos amplify-and-forward (AF) e decode-and-forward (DF) são considerados. Estudos similares são realizados a respeito da taxa máxima de dados adquirida quando Hermitian − symmetric orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (HS-OFDM) juntamente com as técnicas equal gain combining (EGC), selection combining (SC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) são considerados. Além disso, são analisadas as influências da largura de banda de freqüência e da alocação ótima e uniforme da potência de transmissão. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a distância relativa entre os nós da fonte, relay e destino impactam severamente no desempenho do sistema. Os resultados numéricos revelam uma gama de potência de transmissão ótima e de frequência em que a melhoria pode ser verificada. Tambà c m observa-se que a vantagem do protocolo DF relacionada com a do protocolo AF termina quando o erro de detecção de símbolo no relay atinge um limiar. Adicionalmente, mostra-se que as técnicas de combinação, MRC e SC apresentam resultados semelhantes. Embora MRC ofereça desempenho ligeiramente melhor, considerando a complexidade computacional, recomenda-se a técnica SC. Finalmente, uma análise de máxima taxa de dados adquirida, considerando HS-OFDM com equalização baseada nos critérios zero forcing e minimum mean square error, mostra que o primeiro oferece quase o mesmo desempenho que o último.
This work focuses on analyses of cooperative protocols to enhance the performance of in-home power line communication (PLC) systems based on a data set consisting of measurements of in-home PLC channels. The discussed analyses address theoretical channel capacity when amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) protocols are considered. Similar investigations are performed for the maximum data rate attained by using Hermitian-symmetric orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (HS-OFDM) together with equal gain combining (EGC), selection combining (SC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) techniques. Also, the influences of optimally and uniformly allocated transmission power and frequency bandwidth are analyzed. The attained results show that the relative distance among source, relay, and destination nodes severely impacts the system performance. Also, numerical results reveal a range of optimal transmission power and frequency bandwidth in which improvement can be verified. Moreover, it is observed that the advantage of the DF protocol related to AF one ends, when the symbol detection error achieves a threshold. Additionally, it is shown that among the combining techniques, MRC and SC present similar results with MRC offering slightly better performance, but considering computational complexity, a decision in favor of SC is recommended. Finally, a maximum data rate analysis of HS-OFDM with frequency domain equalizer based on zero forcing and minimum mean square error shows that the former scheme offers almost the same performance as the latter.
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Ridenour, Kathryn. "Corruption, Coordination, and Corporate Cash: Re-examining Citizens United in the Era of Super PACs and Dark Money." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1864.
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This work argues that the Supreme Court incorrectly decided the case of Citizens United v. FEC (2010). Beginning with an analysis of past campaign finance law and jurisprudence, this paper then outlines the fact of the case in Citizens United and assesses each of the principle claims made by the majority and dissenting opinions. The analysis then pivots to a practical examination of the immediate legal and regulatory consequences of the decision, namely detailing the advent of super PACs. Furthermore, this paper evaluates the magnitude of super PAC and related dark money spending in the years following the decision and speculates about its impact on elections and shifting public opinion. Drawing from the historical precedent and empiric spending reality, this paper formally reargues the Citizens United case, striking down the five identified premises in the majority opinion’s ruling. These premises are as follows: money is speech, corporations are entitled to the same rights as natural persons, the governmental anticorruption interest is limited to only quid pro quo exchanges, the antidistortion rationale is unconstitutional, and disclosure requirements provide sufficient information to ensure transparency. This inquiry concludes that unlimited corporate independent expenditures have a distortionary impact on the electoral system, presenting a unique corruption threat. As such, Citizens United should be formally overturned.
Books on the topic "PPC campaigns"
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Brindle, Jeffrey M. Is there a PAC plague in New Jersey? [Trenton] (28 W. State Street, CN 185, Trenton 08625-0185): New Jersey Election Law Enforcement Commission, 1991.
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Washington (State). Public Disclosure Commission. [PDC reference manual]. [Olympia, Wash. (403 Evergreen Plaza, Mail Stop FJ-42, Olympia 98504): State of Washington Public Disclosure Commission, 1986.
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Washington (State). Public Disclosure Commission. PDC reference manual. Olympia, Wash: State of Washington Public Disclosure Commission, 1986.
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Sabato, Larry J. PAC power: Inside the world of political action committees. New York: Norton, 1985.
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Sabato, Larry. PAC power: Inside the world of political action committees. New York: Norton, 1985.
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PAC power: Inside the world of political action committees. New York: Norton, 1990.
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Hugh, Roy. Roy Hugh: The boy from Bisbee that went to war PFC to Brigadier General. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2008.
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Robert, Bond. Manifesto of the Right Hon. Sir Robert Bond, P.C., K.C.M.G., Premier, 1908. [St. John's, Nfld.?: s.n.], 1995.
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Farrington, Arthur C. The leatherneck boys: A PFC at the battle for Guadalcanal. Manhattan, Kan., USA: Sunflower University Press, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "PPC campaigns"
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Zinn, Kenneth S. "11. Solidarity across Borders: The UMWA's Corporate Campaign against Peabody and Hanson PLC." In Transnational Cooperation among Labor Unions, edited by Michael A. Gordon and Lowell Turner, 223–37. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501721694-012.
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Dajuma, Alima, Siélé Silué, Kehinde O. Ogunjobi, Heike Vogel, Evelyne Touré N’Datchoh, Véronique Yoboué, Arona Diedhiou, and Bernhard Vogel. "Biomass Burning Effects on the Climate over Southern West Africa During the Summer Monsoon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1515–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_86.
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AbstractBiomass Burning (BB) aerosol has attracted considerable attention due to its detrimental effects on climate through its radiative properties. In Africa, fire patterns are anticorrelated with the southward-northward movement of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Each year between June and September, BB occurs in the southern hemisphere of Africa, and aerosols are carried westward by the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and advected at an altitude of between 2 and 4 km. Observations made during a field campaign of Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) (Knippertz et al., Bull Am Meteorol Soc 96:1451–1460, 2015) during the West African Monsoon (WAM) of June–July 2016 have revealed large quantities of BB aerosols in the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) over southern West Africa (SWA).This chapter examines the effects of the long-range transport of BB aerosols on the climate over SWA by means of a modeling study, and proposes several adaptation and mitigation strategies for policy makers regarding this phenomenon. A high-resolution regional climate model, known as the Consortium for Small-scale Modelling – Aerosols and Reactive Traces (COSMO-ART) gases, was used to conduct two set of experiments, with and without BB emissions, to quantify their impacts on the SWA atmosphere. Results revealed a reduction in surface shortwave (SW) radiation of up to about 6.5 W m−2 and an 11% increase of Cloud Droplets Number Concentration (CDNC) over the SWA domain. Also, an increase of 12.45% in Particulate Matter (PM25) surface concentration was observed in Abidjan (9.75 μg m−3), Accra (10.7 μg m−3), Cotonou (10.7 μg m−3), and Lagos (8 μg m−3), while the carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratio increased by 90 ppb in Abidjan and Accra due to BB. Moreover, BB aerosols were found to contribute to a 70% increase of organic carbon (OC) below 1 km in the PBL, followed by black carbon (BC) with 24.5%. This work highlights the contribution of the long-range transport of BB pollutants to pollution levels in SWA and their effects on the climate. It focuses on a case study of 3 days (5–7 July 2016). However, more research on a longer time period is necessary to inform decision making properly.This study emphasizes the need to implement a long-term air quality monitoring system in SWA as a method of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
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Mutch, Robert E. "Billionaires." In Campaign Finance. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190274696.003.0007.
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The rise of the super PAC was also the rise of the politically active billionaire. Dropping the old restrictions on who could give how much to whom did more than turn the attentions of fundraisers from millionaires to billionaires. It also freed billionaires to...
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Mutch, Robert E. "Political Action Committees." In Campaign Finance. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190274696.003.0005.
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Non-party organizations form political action committees (PACs) to make the campaign contributions the FECA bans them from making themselves. The FEC defines every PAC as belonging to one of two broad categories: connected and nonconnected. Nearly all connected PACs were formed by corporations, trade...
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"Stephen Colbert’s Civics Lesson: How Colbert Super PAC Taught Viewers About Campaign Finance." In Entertainment Media and Politics, 35–59. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315739366-8.
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Kang, Michael S. "Campaign Finance Deregulation and the Hyperpolarization of Presidential Nominations in the Super PAC Era." In The Best Candidate, 260–78. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108883870.012.
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Charnock, Emily J. "When Business Is Not “Businesslike”." In The Rise of Political Action Committees, 197–221. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190075514.003.0008.
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This chapter explores the initial resistance to the PAC concept within the business community and among conservatives more generally in the 1940s and 1950s. Though major business groups like the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) and United States Chamber of Commerce had not entirely ignored elections to this point, they concentrated their energies following World War II on lobbying and publicity campaigns promoting “free enterprise,” while criticizing labor and liberal PACs as coercive, collectivist, and antidemocratic. They also placed faith in the “conservative coalition” of Republicans and Southern Democrats to protect their interests, reflecting their strong belief that both parties should and could promote business aims. As fears grew that labor had successfully “infiltrated” the Democratic Party, however, conservative activists urged business groups to be “businesslike” and respond to labor electioneering in kind. Business leaders thus began to contemplate a partisan electoral counterstrategy centered on the Republican Party.
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Woloch, Isser. "Postwar Prospects in the U.S." In The Postwar Moment, 210–52. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300124354.003.0006.
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This chapter explores the launching of progressive visions for the postwar in the U.S. As the CIO-PAC (CIO-Political Action Committee) produced a flurry of electoral activism, it also crystalized a progressive program for postwar America. Its principal manifesto, The People's Program for 1944, raised a progressive standard for renewal in the postwar moment. The manifesto demanded jobs for all with adequate wages; affordable housing; provision for all of adequate medical care; equality of educational opportunity; and improved protection from the economic perils of old age, sickness, accident, or unemployment. The chapter then considers Franklin Roosevelt's re-election campaign; Harry Truman's approach to reconversion after V-J Day; the conflicts between big business and big labor during the postwar moment; the impact of the G.I. Bill of Rights; and the Republican sweep of Congress in the election of 1946 and its direct result: passage of the anti-union Taft–Hartley labor law.
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Charnock, Emily J. "A Tale of Two PACs." In The Rise of Political Action Committees, 222–48. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190075514.003.0009.
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This chapter traces the diffusion of the PAC concept from the left to the right of the political spectrum in the late 1950s, with the formation of conservative electoral groups such as the Americans for Constitutional Action (ACA) to counter liberal ones like the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA). By the early 1960s the business community had cast off its earlier resistance to overt electioneering, with the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) forming the Business-Industry Political Action Committee (BIPAC) to channel campaign resources to favored congressional candidates. Though they initially sought to bolster the conservative coalition, these groups soon embraced a dynamic partisan strategy focused on the Republican Party, seeking to shift it rightward much as labor and liberal groups sought to push the Democratic Party to the left. This reactive process culminated in the presidential election of 1964, a contest to which the roots of modern partisan “polarization” are often traced.
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O'Brien, Patricia. "Exile and the Road to Geneva (1928)." In Tautai. University of Hawai'i Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824866532.003.0008.
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This chapter begins with the drama surrounding the deportation orders enacted by Administrator Richardson around Christmas 1927 and due to be obeyed by early January 1928. It outlines the extremely tense atmosphere in Sāmoa at the time and how Ta’isi conducted himself in the days before his exile and why he opted to leave his homeland of his own accord rather than spark a legal battle in the courts if he challenged Richardson’s order. The chapter then moves onto the development of a grassroots campaign in New Zealand for the Mau and the events leading up to Ta’isi’s journey to Geneva where he was aiming to present Samoan grievances, his own and those of over 7,000 Sāmoan taxpayers who signed a petition to the League in March 1928. The chapter conveys Ta’isi’s great hope that justice would be done in Geneva and the new international oversight committee – the Permanent Mandates Commission (PMC) – would see through the New Zealand case. It also looks at how Richardson was replaced (so he could present New Zealand’s case in Geneva) by Colonel Stephen Allen who was accompanied to Sāmoa by a new military contingent.
Conference papers on the topic "PPC campaigns"
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Johnson, D. E., and M. Xiao. "The conceptual design of a new transfer line from booster to recycler for the fermilab proton plan phase 2 campaign." In 2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pac.2007.4440878.
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Marchetti, Simone, Duccio Nappini, Roberto De Prosperis, and Paolo Di Sisto. "LM9000 Passive Clearance Control (PCC)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14119.
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Abstract This paper describes the design of the Free Power Turbine (FPT) of the LM9000, in particularly the design of its Passive Clearance Control (PCC) system. The LM9000 is the aero-derivative version of the GE90-115B jet engine. Its core engine has many common parts with the GE90; what differs is the booster (low pressure compressor) and the lower pressure turbine (LPT). The booster of the LM9000 is without fan because the engine is not used to provide thrust but torque only, subsequently it has a new flow path [5]. The LPT has instead been replaced by an intermediate pressure turbine (IPT) and by the FPT. The IPT drives the booster, while the FPT is a free low-pressure turbine designed for both power generation and mechanical drive industrial applications, including LNG production plants. Due to its different application, the LM9000 FPT flow path differs sensibly from the GE90 LPT, however as the GE90 it is provided of a clearance control system that cools the casing in order to reduce its radial deflection. It is not the first time that a clearance control system has been used in industrial applications; in GE aero-derivative power turbines is already present in the LM6000 and LMS100. Design constraints, system complexity, high environment variability because the PCC is located outside the GT, harsh environments and long periods of usage still make the design of this component challenging. The design of the PCC has been supported by extensive heat transfer and mechanical simulations. Each PCC component has been addressed with a dedicated life calculation and all the blade and seal clearances have been estimated for all the operating conditions of the engine. Simulations have been validated by an extensive test campaign performed on the first engine.
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Dempsey, Adam, Scott Curran, Robert Wagner, and William Cannella. "Effect of Premixed Fuel Preparation for Partially Premixed Combustion With a Low Octane Gasoline on a Light-Duty Multi-Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5561.
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Gasoline compression ignition concepts with the majority of the fuel being introduced early in the cycle are known as partially premixed combustion (PPC). Previous research on single- and multi-cylinder engines has shown that PPC has the potential for high thermal efficiency with low NOx and soot emissions. A variety of fuel injection strategies has been proposed in the literature. These injection strategies aim to create a partially stratified charge to simultaneously reduce NOx and soot emissions while maintaining some level of control over the combustion process through the fuel delivery system. The impact of the direct injection strategy to create a premixed charge of fuel and air has not previously been explored, and its impact on engine efficiency and emissions is not well understood. This paper explores the effect of sweeping the direct injected pilot timing from −91° to −324° ATDC, which is just after the exhaust valve closes for the engine used in this study. During the sweep, the pilot injection consistently contained 65% of the total fuel (based on command duration ratio), and the main injection timing was adjusted slightly to maintain combustion phasing near top dead center. A modern four cylinder, 1.9 L diesel engine with a variable geometry turbocharger, high pressure common rail injection system, wide included angle injectors, and variable swirl actuation was used in this study. The pistons were modified to an open bowl configuration suitable for highly premixed combustion modes. The stock diesel injection system was unmodified, and the gasoline fuel was doped with a lubricity additive to protect the high pressure fuel pump and the injectors. The study was conducted at a fixed speed/load condition of 2000 rpm and 4.0 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). The pilot injection timing sweep was conducted at different intake manifold pressures, swirl levels, and fuel injection pressures. The gasoline used in this study has relatively high fuel reactivity with a research octane number of 68. The results of this experimental campaign indicate that the highest brake thermal efficiency and lowest emissions are achieved simultaneously with the earliest pilot injection timings (i.e., during the intake stroke).
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Maulana, Ibnu, Bambang Purwanto, Doni Arief Makriva, Genie Ageng Sugiarto, Diah Setianti Kuswardani, Shakti Nuryadin, John Rizal Jenie, and Parapat Arthur. "Underbalanced Perforating with 800-ft Guns Completed in Single Trip with Fiber-Optic-Enabled Coiled Tubing: A Case Study from Jambaran Field, East Java, Indonesia." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206167-ms.
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Abstract Coiled tubing (CT) equipped with fiber optics and real-time downhole telemetry and a fit-for-purpose CT tower were used in underbalanced perforating operations in six wells in Indonesia; each operation involved 800 ft of perforating guns, and each was completed in a single trip. The reservoir is thick, with high permeability and characterized by high content of CO2 and H2S. The underbalanced perforating technique was deemed fundamental to minimize formation damage in the near-wellbore area, and the campaign was part of a national strategic project to develop a block's main reserve to supply gas to drive the national economy. Each well had to be completed with minimum of an 800-ft perforation interval to deliver an average of 60 MMscf/D gas production for 16 years plateau with up to 34% CO2 content and 10,000-ppm H2S. The traditional method of e-line overbalanced perforating in such harsh environment became inefficient because of the number of runs required, which can be as high as 40 runs per well. CT-conveyed perforating guns and a completion insertion retrieval of equipment under pressure (CIRP) system were chosen to execute the task. The fiber-optic CT real-time telemetry system was selected to improve downhole depth accuracy, confirm the underbalance condition, and provide real-time confirmation when the 800 ft of guns detonated downhole. To execute the six-well campaign safely, a customized 100-ft CT tower was brought into the country. Because this was the first in-country application for fiber-optic-enabled CT in single-trip with an 800-ft underbalanced perforation interval, thorough planning and preparation were critical for a successful campaign. Considering the high gas rate, high CO2, and H2S content, a downhole lubricator valve was added as additional barrier during undeployment, and an H2S and CO2 inhibitor was used to protect CT string integrity. Another risk mitigation plan was to utilize real-time CT inspection to monitor the CT integrity and condition throughout the job. Slickline deployment was used in first two wells to deploy multiple guns into the well, but this was deemed inefficient. The CT deployment method was used to complete the campaign. The project comprised a total of 2,200 operating hours, 29 CT runs, and 4,969 ft of guns in six trips with 917 ft as the longest interval. All six wells were completed with no HSE events, no automotive incidents, 98% operational efficiency, and 21% faster than planned duration. This successful six-well campaign represents a first in-country application, which contributed to developing this main gas reserve. The campaign provides lessons for job planning and preparation, technology implementation, execution, and continuous improvement, which can be implemented in similar projects in Indonesia and around the region.
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Bianchi, F., P. Meloni, R. Ferri, and A. Achilli. "Assessment of RELAP5 mod3.3 and CATHARE2 V1.5a Against a Full Scale Test of PERSEO Device." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49374.
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PERSEO device was developed in the framework of a domestic research program on innovative safety systems, with the purpose to increase the reliability of passive Decay Heat Removal Systems implementing in-pool heat exchangers. The device was tested at SIET Thermal-hydraulic Research Centre by modifying the existing PANTHERS IC-PCC facility. Two types of tests were performed: integral tests and stability tests. The experimental data acquired in the test campaign allowed a validation of a RELAP5/mod 3.3 beta release and CATHARE2 V1.5a/Mod8.1 full scale model of the PERSEO device. The paper deals with the comparison between the two codes against an integral test considered representative from the point of view of the PERSEO functioning and it highlights capabilities and limits of the codes in simulating such kind of test.
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Fikri, R. "Successful Geological Strategy for Setting Intermediate Casing Prior Approaching Kujung Carbonate in Jambaran Field, Cepu Block." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-e-268.
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Jambaran Field was discovered in 2001 by J-1ST1 exploration well. The discovery well encountered steep-flanked carbonate build-up structure (Kujung Fm) that contain thick gas column and thin oil rim. To date six more wells have been drilled to unravel the geometry of the carbonate build up reservoir type. The carbonate build up which is up to 10 km length and 1 km width was deposited during Oligo-Early Miocene and sealed cap by very thick Tuban shale. This stratigraphic configuration has caused several drilling risks. First, there is a huge drop in pore pressure value between Tuban Shale and Kujung Carbonate; of up to 12.6 ppg in Tuban Shale and 8.1-11 ppg in Kujung Carbonate. Second, shale instability commonly happened during drilling Tuban shale. Third, total loss circulation, which can lead to H2S gas kick, potentially happened once penetrating Kujung Carbonate. To reduce those drilling risks, the casing ought to cover as much as Tuban Shale and as close as possible to Kujung Carbonate. During the exploration wells drilling, conventional methods such as; cutting observation, wetness-balance gas ratio, calcimetry, and mud losses have been applied to hunt the casing point as close as possible to Kujung Carbonate. Those conventional methods were successful in several well but also failed in the others. There are many other sophisticated tools developed by Service Company to serve the purpose of set casing, such as resistivity at bit. However, in our ongoing development wells drilling campaign, we utilized the combination of those conventional methods successfully to set 9-5/8” casing point as close as possible without entering Kujung Carbonate.
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Lindman, Olle, Mats Andersson, Alessio Bonaldo, Anders Larsson, Jacek Janczewski, and Magnus Persson. "SGT-750 Fuel Flexibility: Engine and Rig Tests." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63412.
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This paper provides a description of the fuel flexibility tests performed in: • a gas turbine • a high pressure combustion rig • an atmospheric combustion rig with the combustion system used in Siemens recently developed gas turbine SGT-750. The gas turbine test campaign was run with natural gas blends with up to 50vol% nitrogen or 40vol% carbon dioxide. Ignition and engine starts with inert gas blends were also tested. The fuel flexibility tests were continued in a single burner high pressure combustion rig. Both inert and reactive gas blends were tested. High concentrations of inert gases were tested at simulated cold ambient conditions (down to −60°C) at high and low loads. Reactive gases, such as ethane, propane, butane and hydrogen, were tested at high load operation. Also syngas blends were tested. To simulate ignition at extreme arctic conditions an atmospheric rig test was performed with cold air supplied from evaporated liquid air. The different gas fuel blends were run with low NOx emissions, often below 10 ppm, without water injection. This paper includes description of the test setups and evaluation of the emissions and combustion stability for the tested gas blends.
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Gabrielsson, Rolf, Gerard Payen, and Patrick Avran. "Catalytic Combustor Development Within the AGATA Program." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-442.
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The European AGATA programme (Advanced Gas Turbine for Automobiles), is a programme dedicated to the development of three critical ceramic components — a catalytic combustor, a radial turbine wheel and a static heat exchanger — for a 60 kW turbogenerator in a hybrid electric vehicle. These three components, which are of critical importance to the achievement of low emissions and high efficiency, have been designed, developed, manufactured and tested as part of a full-scale feasibility study. The AGATA partners represent car manufacturers as well as companies and research institutes in the turbine, catalyst and ceramic material fields in both France and Sweden. The AGATA project commenced in early 1993 and has occupied a 5-year period until April 1998. This paper summarises the results from the development of the catalytic combustor. The catalytic combustor operates at temperatures in the catalytic section from inlet 935°C to the exhaust 1350°C. Therefore all structural components in the hot section are made of ceramic materials. The testing and validation have been run through a component test campaign from which it was concluded that: • The catalytic section substrates showed good behaviour during the high temperature tests. • Palladium was chosen as the active catalytic material after extensive testing at pilot scale. Ageing at high temperature (1270°C) has a strong effect on catalyst deactivation. • Emissions levels of the preheater are in agreement with the state of the an for small aero-engines according to the ICAO legislation. The complete full scale combustor testing was run in the following steps: • Initial gas analysis tests at inlet temperature 200° lower than the nominal value • CARS and gas analysis • Comparison diesel and ethanol fuels • Final testing at maximum design temperatures and pressure The catalytic combustor was run on diesel fuel during the complete test period. A test campaign comparing exhaust emissions when running on ethanol fuel was performed at Volvo Aero Turbines. These results showed that the catalyst reaction rate and CO/HC/NOx emissions were similar. This means that the chosen catalytic combustor can be used as a dual fuel combustor diesel/ethanol. The final test campaign at ONERA, France, was run up to temperatures slightly above the specified maximum design temperatures. Inlet temperature 962°C (design 935°C) and exhaust temperature 1362°C (design 1350°C). These tests showed that NOx emission levels below 4 ppm @15% O2 were obtained when low CO and HC emissions levels were measured at full load conditions. This promising performance level was reached with technologies that still have to be thoroughly evaluated in terms of durability and low cost potential for industrial applications.
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Cuvilliez, Sam, Gaëlle Léopold, and Thomas Métais. "Environmental Assisted Fatigue and EDF 900 MWe PWRs Fleet: Towards an Exemption of Environmental Effects Consideration for Secondary Circuit Components." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84301.
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Environmentally Assisted Fatigue (EAF) is receiving nowadays an increased level of attention for existing Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) as utilities are now working to extend their life. In the wake of numerous experimental fatigue tests carried out in air and also in a PWR environment, the French RCC-M code [1] has recently been amended (in its 2016 edition) with two Rules in Probatory Phase (RPP), equivalent to ASME code-cases, “RPP-2” and “RPP-3” [2] [3]. RPP-2 consists of an update of the design fatigue curve in air for stainless steels (SSs) and nickel-based alloys, and is also associated with RPP-3 which provides guidelines for incorporating the environmental penalty “Fen” factor in fatigue usage factor calculations. Alongside this codification effort, an EAF screening has recently been carried out within EDF DT [4] on various areas of the primary circuit of the 900 MWe plants of the EDF fleet. This screening led to the identification of a list of 35 “sentinel locations” which are defined as areas most prone to EAF degradation process. These locations will be subjected to detailed EAF analysis in the stress report calculations (according to the above-mentioned RCC-M code cases) for the fourth decennial inspection of the 900 MWe (VD4 900 MWe) power plants. The potential impact of EAF on the secondary circuit components is another question to address in anticipation of the VD4 900 MWe, as they may be considered as class 1 or class 2 equipment for RCC-M application according to the equipment specification. This paper presents the approach proposed by EDF towards an exemption of environmental effects consideration for secondary circuit components. The argument is first based on a review of experimental campaigns led in Japan and France (respectively on fatigue test specimens and at the component scale) which indicate a Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content threshold below which environmental effects are almost inexistent. The (conservative) value of 40 ppb has been selected consistently with NUREG/CR-6909 revision 0 [5]. The second part of the argument is built, on the one hand, on the analysis of the EDF Technical Specifications for Operation (STE) which narrows the scope of the study only to unit outages, and, on the other hand, on the analysis of 5 years of operations of all 900 MWe plants of the EDF fleet (equivalent to 170 reactor-years). It has been shown that the DO content rarely exceeded the 40 ppb threshold in the secondary coolant, and that in this case, the considered locations were not submitted to any fatigue loading.
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Bonzani, Federico, and Carlo Piana. "From Test Rig to Field Operation: A Lesson Learned." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50833.
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In order to finalize the typical design process of new combustion systems, the last step to face with is usually the assessment of the correlation estimating the confidence of installing the prototype on a real engine on field. This scenario has been experienced during the validation of the new design of a premixed piloted burner to be installed on a F class engine V94.3A to reduce the NOx level below 15 ppm. The new Ansaldo Energia combustion system called VeLoNOx™ (Very Low NOx) has been designed not only to meet the challenge of the much more stringent emission requirements, but also to comply with the newer functional requirements typical of modern energy markets such as tighter grid frequency requirements. The real challenge of the design process has been investigating and validating a cross correlation between the findings of the high pressure combustion tests performed on a single burner test rig and the test campaign on a real engine with 24 burners housed in an annular combustor. Different parameters have been investigated and correlated such as combustion induced pressure oscillations, emissions, combustion efficiency and operating sensitivity. The paper describes the different steps performed in order to validate the correlation mentioned above in order to mitigate the possible risks and to estimate the confidence prior to introduce the prototype on a engine in commercial operation. Results achieved on laboratory and on field are shown and compared. Up to now Ansaldo Energia VeLoNOx™ combustion system has accumulated more than 15000 EOH on three sites with different climate conditions showing very good performances and fully meeting the design expectations. Orders for many retrofit applications have been awarded already.
Reports on the topic "PPC campaigns"
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Valera Ordaz, Lidia, and Guillermo López García. Agenda and frames in the websites of the People’s Party (PP) and the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE) in the 2011 cyber campaign. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2014-1000en.
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