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1
Astley, H. M. "The role of PPDK and PEPCK in C3 plants." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596198.
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Pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase both catalyse the synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate. Single and double Arabidopsis PPDK and PCK1 T-DNA insertional knock-out mutants were used to investigate whole plant enzyme pools. Vein specific Arabidopsis knock-down lines were created by using a combined approach of RNAi and enhancer trapping to reduce activity of the two enzymes in a cell-specific manner. Developmental analyses of the two mutant classes indicated an important role for both enzymes during mature aerial tissue development and early seedling growth. Metabolic profiling of mature leaves of vein specific knock-down lines suggested that veinal pools of the two enzymes may be involved in amino acid interconversions in these tissues. Microarray analysis of etiolated knock-out seedlings implied that PPDK may act to supplement the gluconeogenic role of PEPCK during seedling establishment under limiting conditions. PPDK is regulated by a bifunctional regulatory protein which catalyses inactivation of PPDK via phosphorylation, and its activation via dephosyphorylation. Both activities proceed via atypical mechanisms, but despite these unusual properties, little is known about the structure of RP. The location of the unidentified kinase and dephosphorylase domains of Arabidopsis RP, and the mechanism of interaction with PPDK, were investigated using mutagenised AtRP1 and chimaeric AtRP1-AtRP2 variants. Results did not support the proposal that separate sites are involved in RP kinase and dephosphorylase activities, or the current view that a putative P-loop is likely to be only critical for kinase activity.
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Ciupka, Bartholomäus Daniel [Verfasser]. "Functional state modulation in Pyruvate Phosphate Dikinase (PPDK) connected to long-range structural coupling and multimerization / Bartholomäus Daniel Ciupka." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1141378574/34.
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Shi-Yan, Liu, and Yao-Jun. "The PPK Intelligent Demodulator." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608923.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1992 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThis paper introduces a PPK intelligent demodulator used in the PCM--PPK (pulse position keying) telemetry system. It describes the basic requirement of the system for the PPK signal demodulator and analyses the insufficiancy of the full-hardware PPK demodulator. It also advances a PPK demodulating scheme based on the TMS32020 digital signal processor and a block diagram of the demodulator, states the method of detecting frame synchronization, analyses the precision of sync-building and gives the way of calculating the miss and error probability of frame sync. The result makes it clear that the demodulator based on TMS32020 has programmable feature for the bit rate and frame synchronization and realizes easily the system demand of the separate demodulating of output signals of the multi-channel receiver and then the synthesis processing of the realtime data.
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Fu-Tang, Zhang, and Cheng Nong. "A PPK RE-entry Telemetry System." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614706.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1989 / Town & Country Hotel & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThis article introduces a new re-entry telemetry system. It is based on the theory of PCM/PPK and applies wait and receive mode of pulse modulation system. It has the capabilities of telemetering slow changing, fast changing, super fast changing and height parameters. With the memory and replay technique, the system can telemeter full range characteristic data and data in black area. Microcomputers are used in both airborne equipment and ground equipment of the system. It features digitalized interface, high precision, simple hardware and high reliabilty.
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YOSHII, SAIJI, IZUMI NAKASHIMA, KOICHI ANDO, HIIZU AOKI, KATSUYA KATO, and MASAO IINUMA. "Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) Tuberculin as a Biological Response Modifier: I. Suppression of Tumor Markers by Intravenous Administration of PPD." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17502.
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Alfaro, Jara Christian Eugenio. "Contribución al conocimiento de la expresión fenotípica de variantes alélicas para los genes mayores Ppd-A1 y Ppd-B1 en trigo duro." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285578.
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L’objectiu d’aquesta Tesi Doctoral va ser estudiar l’efecte dels gens Ppd-1 sobre la fenologia i els
components del rendiment en blat dur. Es va treballar amb una col•lecció de línies amb diverses
combinacions al•lèliques per a Ppd-A1 i Ppd-B1, avaluades en quatre localitats a Espanya i
Mèxic durant els anys 2007 i 2008.
Els resultats mostren que la temperatura i el fotoperíode van distingir les localitats estudiades. Els
gens Ppd-1 van explicar gran part de la variabilitat genètica del període sembra-antesi i
l’expressió de Ppd-A1a va augmentar quan el fotoperíode mig fins a floració va ser inferior a 12
h. Els al•lels que confereixen insensibilitat al fotoperíode es van classificar com GS-100>GS-
105>Ppd-B1a segons la potència del seu efecte sobre la fenologia.
Els genotips portadors de l’al•lel Ppd-A1b van rendir menys en tots els ambients degut a un
menor número d’espigues/m2 i menor pes del gra. Els efectes compensatoris entre components
del rendiment van ser menors en ambients favorables.El objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral fue estudiar el efecto de los genes Ppd-1 sobre la fenología y los componentes del rendimiento en trigo duro. Se trabajó con una colección de líneas con diversas combinaciones alélicas para Ppd-A1 y Ppd-B1, evaluadas en cuatro localidades en España y México durante los años 2007 y 2008. Los resultados muestran que la temperatura y el fotoperíodo distinguieron las localidades estudiadas. Los genes Ppd-1 explicaron gran parte de la variabilidad genética del período siembra-antesis y la expresión de Ppd-A1a aumentó cuando el fotoperíodo medio hasta floración fue inferior a 12 h. Los alelos que confieren insensibilidad al fotoperíodo se clasificaron como GS-100>GS-105>Ppd-B1a según la potencia de su efecto sobre la fenología. Los genotipos portadores del alelo Ppd-A1b rindieron menos en todos los ambientes, debido al menor número de espigas/m2 y menor peso del grano. Los efectos compensatorios entre componentes del rendimiento fueron menores en ambientes favorables.
The aim of this thesis was to study the effect of Ppd-1 genes on the phenology and yield components of durum wheat. A set of lines carrying different allelic combinations at Ppd-A1 and Ppd-B1 loci were tested in four sites (two in Spain and two in Mexico) during 2007 and 2008. The results showed that meteorological traits mostly distinguishing between sites were temperature and photoperiod. The Ppd-1 genes explained much of the genetic variability of sowing-anthesis period. The expression of Ppd-A1a increased when the average photoperiod until anthesis was lower than 12 h. According to its effect on phenology alleles conferring photoperiod insensitivity were classified as GS-100> GS-105> Ppd-B1a. Genotypes carrying the allele Ppd-A1b resulted consistently in the lowest yields due to their few number of spikes per m2 and light grains. Compensatory effects between yield components were lower under favorable environments.
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Rosa, Najara Maria Fleck da. "As relações de trabalho da PPD : um estudo inclusivo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5514.
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Jian, Zhang, and Huang Ming-Sheng. "A Multi-Pulse PPK Telemetry System Based on PC." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611603.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaA new kind of telemetry ground data system--Multi-Pulse PPK (Pulse Position Keying) Telemetry System Based on PC(MPPK-PCTS) is presented in this paper. Being Aimed at the lower bit rate which is the essential shortcoming of Single-Pulse PPK(SPPK), Multi-Pulse PPK(MPPK) signal is introduced to this system. Its signal forms, bit rate, energy efficiency and error probability have been analysed in detail. The symmetric Bi-Pulse PPK(BPPK) signal with fixed reference pulse can be practised in engineering. In this system, front-ends are intelligent and modular, all modules are integrated in a personal computer chassis through EISA/PCI bus. The system operates under multi-media WINDOWS environment, with intelligent user interface. Faults can be detected and located automatically. With flexible performance, good expandibility and small size, the system can be used in reentry telemetry and many other fields where higher rate and lower power are both required.
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Cyrillo, Fernanda Cavallini. "Padronização do alergoteste da tuberculina em ovinos (Ovis aries)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-15062007-165924/.
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A inexistência de padrões nacionais para a realização e interpretação da prova de tuberculina em ovinos motivou o presente trabalho, pois apesar da tuberculose não estar incluída em Plano Nacional de Controle e Erradicação em pequenos ruminantes, estabelece a legislação vigente que é obrigatório o sacrifício de animais com essa zoonose, sendo o diagnóstico firmado nesses animais principalmente através do alergoteste tuberculínico. Assim, esta pesquisa visou além de avaliar reações clínicas provocadas pela resposta imuno-alérgica intradérmica à tuberculina, estabelecer valores de referência para a interpretação da reação em ovinos experimentalmente inoculados com antígenos de cepas padrões de Mycobacterium bovis e Mycobacterium avium. Utilizou-se 30 ovinos, clinicamente sadios, negativos à prova de tuberculina cervical comparativa (TCC), segundo critérios estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) através do Plano Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose (PNCEBT) em bovinos e bubalinos, distribuídos por três grupos de 10 animais cada, a saber: A - sensibilizados com M. avium; B - sensibilizados com M. bovis e C (Controle) - que receberam injeção de solução fisiológica. Os ovinos foram monitorados através de exames físicos e complementares semanais. Após 45 dias da sensibilização, realizou-se a prova de TCC com reação medida pela variação da espessura da pele com cutímetro de mola, nos seguintes momentos: antes da aplicação das tuberculinas (PPDs); 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h e 96h após a aplicação das mesmas. Em relação à reação ao PPD bovino, no teste cervical simples, lido às 72 horas (± 6 horas) pós-tuberculinização (p. t.), considerou-se uma reação como positiva, quando o aumento da espessura da pele foi igual ou maior que 2,49 mm; como inconclusiva, com as medidas de aumento entre 1,00 e 2,48 mm, e como reação negativa, aumentos da espessura da pele inferiores a 1,00 mm, sendo estes valores propostos como padrão para o teste intradérmico simples na região cervical. A análise dos resultados da leitura do teste cervical comparativo, realizada às 72 horas (± 6 horas) p. t., permitiu concluir-se que o animal poderá ser considerado com resposta: positiva, quando a reação ao PPD bovino superar aquela ao aviário em pelo menos 2,00 mm; inconclusiva, quando a reação ao PPD bovino for maior que aquela ao aviário, com diferença entre 1,00 e 1,99 mm, e negativa quando a reação bovina for menor que a aviária ou > em até 0,99 mm. Na avaliação histológica das respostas tuberculínicas homólogas, 96 horas após a injeção do PPD, constatou-se a presença de moderado a intenso infiltrado inflamatória, constituído, preferencialmente, por células mononucleares.The inexistence of national patterns for the realization and interpretation of tuberculin test in sheep motivated this research. Although tuberculosis is not included in the National Plan for the Control and Eradication in small ruminants, the current legislation has made it mandatory the sacrifice of animals with this zoonosis, where diagnosis is confirmed principally by the usage of the tuberculin skin reaction. Therefore, this study evaluated the clinical manifestations induced by the intradermic immune-allergic response to tuberculin, and established the reference values for the interpretation of this reaction in sheep experimentally inoculated with antigens of recognized strains of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium. Thirty healthy sheep negative to the Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test (CCT) based on criteria established by the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) in the National Plan for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis in cattle and buffalos were used during this experiment. Animals were separated in three groups: A) sensitized with M. avium, n=10; B) sensitized with M. bovis, n=10; and C) control, n=10, which were injected with saline solution. Sheep were monitored by weekly clinical and complementary exams. After 45 days of inoculation the CCT was evaluated by the variation of dermal thickness determined by a pakimeter realized in the following moments: before the administration of tuberculin (PPD); and 12, 48, 72, and 96 hours after administration of inoculation. Relative to the bovine PPD, the simple cervical test, observed at 72 hours (± 6 hours) post-tuberculinization (p.t.) was considered as: positive, when skin fold thickness was equal or greater than 2.49 mm; inconclusive, skin fold thickness between 1 and 2,48 mm; and negative, when thickness was lower than 1 mm; these values being proposed as reference values for the simple intradermic cervical test. Analyses of the results of the comparative cervical tests realized 72 hr (± 6 hr) p.t. concluded that the animal was considered as: positive, when the bovine PPD reaction was greater than that of the avian by at least 2 mm; and negative, when the bovine reaction was less than the avian or > by 0.99 mm. Histological evaluation of the homologous tuberculin response 96 hr after PPD injection, revealed a moderate to intense inflammatory cellular influx, constituted preferentially, of mononuclear cells.
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Corrêa, João Gabriel Zerba. "Estudo da resposta alérgica à tuberculina em caprinos (Capra hircus) experimentalmente sensibilizados, em diferentes regiões corpóreas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-16122008-152759/.
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Esta pesquisa visou determinar a resposta alérgica à aplicação do PPD bovino, em diferentes regiões da superfície corpórea de caprinos (Cabra hircus). Para tanto, foram utilizados caprinos adultos, clinicamente sadios e sensibilizados previamente com micobactéria bovina (M. bovis AN5). Para avaliar o local de melhor reação, foram usados 20 animais sensibilizados, distribuídos ao acaso, dos quais 14 animais para constituir o grupo experimental, que recebeu o PPD bovino, e seis animais para o grupo controle, que recebeu solução fisiológica, respectivamente em diferentes regiões do corpo. Os caprinos foram monitorados através de exame clínico com leituras da reação ao PPD realizadas nos seguintes momentos: 24h antes, 0h, 24h, 48h, 72h e 96h após a tuberculinização. Os resultados analisados estatisticamente mostraram uma significância para os melhores locais de aplicação, a saber: as regiões abdominal e torácica dorsais e cervical caudal tanto em 24, quanto em 48 horas e 72 horas pós-tuberculinização. A prega da cauda apresentou resultados menos evidentes que nos mencionados momentos, tendo as regiões torácica e a abdominal ventrais os resultados com menor magnitude de reação.This study aimed to determine the allergic response to the application of PPD cattle in different regions of the body surface of goats (Goat hircus). For both, were used adult goats, clinically healthy and aware beforehand with bovine mycobacteria (M. bovis AN5). To assess the place of better reaction, 20 animals were used aware, distributed at random, including 14 animals to be the experimental group, which received the PPD veal, and six animal control to group that received saline, respectively in different regions of the body. The goats were monitored by clinical examination with readings of the reaction to the PPD conducted in the following times: 24 hours before, 0h, 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h after tuberculinization. The results showed a statistically analysed significance to the best sites of application, namely: the abdominal and chest regions dorsal and cervical flow in both 24, as in 48 hours and 72 hours after tuberculinization. The results showed the tail fold less evident in the mentioned moments, and the regions thoracic and abdominal ventral results with smaller magnitude of reaction.
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Xi-Hua, Li. "A Real-time Counting-measuring Method for PPM(PPK) Signals." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612915.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / November 04-07, 1991 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaOn the disscussion of custom real-time counting-measuring method, this paper presents a new method suitable for the working condition of non-man duty, which possesses the feature of 100ns counting-measuring accuracy and high fidelity. In addition, the concept of “Signal-time/digit converter” is proposed for the first time and the principle and working procedure of this method are introduced in brief.
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Wallin, Rebecca, and Kia Pitkämäki. "Mödrars upplevelser av att drabbas av postpartumdepression." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295333.
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Bakgrund: Postpartumdepression (PPD) drabbar mellan 8-15% av alla kvinnor som föder barn och innebär stora påfrestningar för både modern, partnern och spädbarnet. Utvecklandet av PPD har multifaktoriella orsaker som tidigare psykiatrisk sjukdom, dåligt parförhållande och brist på socialt stöd. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka kvinnors upplevelser av postpartumdepression. Metod: Studien är en litteraturöversikt där vetenskapliga artiklar motsvarande studiens syfte granskades. Samtliga artiklar hade kvalitativ ansats och söktes i databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed. Resultat: Studiens resultat indelades i tre övergripande teman: moderskap, diagnostisering - samt stöd. Kvinnor som drabbas av PPD uppfattar sig vara misslyckade mödrar samt upplever känslor av hopplöshet och utmattning. Stigmatiseringen kring PPD samt att bli diagnostiserad med psykiatrisk sjukdom, och rädslan av att bli uppfattad som en otillräcklig mor, leder till motvilja att uppsöka vård. Vårdpersonalen uppfattas ofta normalisera kvinnornas depressionssymptom vilket leder till att dessa kvinnor tappar förtroende för vården och inte känner sig sedda eller tagna på allvar. Partnerns och den närmaste omgivningens stöd spelar en betydande roll för att identifiera symptom, söka hjälp och tillfriskna. Slutsats: PPD upplevs av drabbade kvinnor både som ett personligt och socialt stigma, där den egna förmågan till moderskap och lämplighet ifrågasätts. Resultaten indikerar behov av förbättrat bemötande från vården, samt nytänkande inom tillgänglighet och prevention.Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects between 8-15% of all women who give birth to children and poses major new challenges for the mother, partner and baby. The causes behind the development of postpartum depression are multifactorial; a previous psychiatric illness, poor partner relationship and a lack of social support. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore women's experiences of postpartum depression. Method: The study is a literature review in which scientific papers corresponding to the study's aim were reviewed. All reviewed articles had a qualitative approach and was searched in the databases CINAHL and Pubmed. Results: The results of the study were divided into three overarching themes: maternity, diagnosis and support. Women who suffer from PPD perceive themselves to be a failure as mothers and experience feelings of hopelessness and exhaustion. The stigma surrounding PPD and beeing diagnosed with a mental illness, as well as the fear of being perceived as an inadequate mother, are leading to reluctance to seek care. Health care workers are often perceived to normalize women's depressive symptoms which leads to that these women lose trust in the health care system and do not feel they are seen or taken seriously. Support from partner and the immediate surrounding plays a significant role in identifying symptoms, helpseeking and the process of recovery. Conclusion: PPD was experienced by the affected women as both a personal and a social stigma, where their ability to motherhood and suitability was questioned. The results indicate the need for improved treatment of health care, as well as innovation in availability and prevention.
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Swapna, B., and R. VijayaPrakash. "Privacy Preserving Data Mining Operations without Disrupting Data Quality." International Journal of Computer Science and Network (IJCSN), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/271473.
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Data mining operations have become prevalent as they can
extract trends or patterns that help in taking good business
decisions. Often they operate on large historical databases
or data warehouses to obtain actionable knowledge or
business intelligence that helps in taking well informed
decisions. In the data mining domain there came many
tools to perform data mining operations. These tools are
best used to obtain actionable knowledge from data.
Manually doing this is not possible as the data is very huge
and takes lot of time. Thus the data mining domain is
being improved in a rapid pace. While data mining
operations are very useful in obtaining business
intelligence, they also have some drawbacks that are they
get sensitive information from the database. People may
misuse the freedom given by obtaining sensitive
information illegally. Preserving privacy of data is also
important. Towards this end many Privacy Preserving
Data Mining (PPDM) algorithms came into existence that
sanitize data to prevent data mining algorithms from
extracting sensitive information from the databases.Data mining operations help discover business intelligence from historical data. The extracted business intelligence or actionable knowledge helps in taking well informed decisions that leads to profit to the organization that makes use of it. While performing mining privacy of data has to be given utmost importance. To achieve this PPDM (Privacy Preserving Data Mining) came into existence by sanitizing database that prevents discovery of association rules. However, this leads to modification of data and thus disrupting the quality of data. This paper proposes a new technique and algorithms that can perform privacy preserving data mining operations while ensuring that the data quality is not lost. The empirical results revealed that the proposed technique is useful and can be used in real world applications.
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Chung, Delgado Kocfa, Bravo Sonia Guillén, Huamán Laura Navarro, Portella Rafael Quiroz, Montag Alejandro Revilla, Alejos Andrea Ruíz, Pachas Mariana Zapata, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz. "Estudiantes de medicina en riesgo:prevalencia e incidencia de conversión de PPD." Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/313713.
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Introducción: Un tercio de la población mundial presenta una infección tuberculosa latente, con 9,4 millones de casos nuevos reportados en el 2009; los estudiantes de medicina tienen de 2 a 50 veces más probabilidad de adquirir la infección. Objetivos: Establecer la prevalencia de PPD positivo basal al inicio de la carrera médica y determinar la incidencia y los factores asociados a la conversión de PPD en alumnos de medicina. Materiales y Métodos: Análisis secundario de datos de una cohorte histórica (2007-2010) involucrando alumnos de medicina de una universidad privada en Perú. Se evaluó la conversión de PPD. Se aplicó un análisis de regresión binomial para cada variable de interés. Resultados: 707 estudiantes fueron seguidos, de ellos 219 (31%) fueron hombres. La prevalencia basal de PPD positivo fue 14,4%. Se encontró asociación significativa con el año de ingreso 2007-08 (p = 0,007) y antecedente de tuberculosis anterior (p = 0,02). Con un total de 822 personas-año, la incidencia de conversión fue de 2,92 por 100 personas-año (IC95%: 1,96-4,36). En el modelo bivariado, el año de ingreso a la carrera y el IMC > 25 kg/m2 estuvieron asociados con conversión de PPD. Sin embargo, en el modelo multivariado, sólo el año de ingreso mostró asociación estadísticamente significativa (RR = 2,53; IC95%: 1,11-5,76). Conclusiones: Existe una prevalencia basal elevada de infección latente en alumnos de medicina. La tasa de incidencia está dentro de los valores esperados y previamente reportados. Se recomienda prestar más atención a las medidas de bioseguridad y prevención en estudiantes de medicina.Revisión por pares
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De, Beer Tjaart Andries Petrus. "In silico structural characterisation of Plasmodium falciparum dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin pyrophosphokinase dihydropteroate synthase (PPPK-HPS)." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03022006-160134.
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Xi-Hua, Li. "A NEW DATA PROCESSING TECHNIQUE OF PPM/PPK WITHOUT THE REFERENCE PULSE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613478.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 29-November 02, 1990 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThis paper describes the technical principle that signals conversion, data-processing and data storage are directly carried out without filling up with the reference pulse for PPM and PPK (pulse position keying). By means of analysis for typical frame structure of PPM/PPK signals, a variety of math models of signal time relationship of the system were found, and based on this, a engineering way and a principle block diagram for signals conversion, data processing and data storage were given out.
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Silva, Danielle Yuri Massukado Rodrigues da. "Estudo da resposta alérgica à tuberculina em ovinos (Ovis aries) experimentalmente sensibilizados, conforme a região corpórea e a dose de PPD utilizada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-10122010-142800/.
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Diante da importância do tema, a pobreza de dados nacionais sobre a tuberculose em ovinos e a necessidade de aprofundamento de conhecimento sobre a aplicação das técnicas de diagnóstico pertinentes ao combate e erradicação da tuberculose animal, foi delineado o presente estudo. Esta pesquisa visou avaliar a melhor região corpórea e dose de derivado protéico purificado (PPD) bovino a ser aplicada em ovinos (Ovis aries) experimentalmente sensibilizados comMycobacterium bovis AN5 para diagnóstico de tuberculose. Utilizou-se 15 ovinos clinicamente sadios e negativos à prova de Tuberculina Cervical Comparativa (TCC), segundo os padrões estabelecidos por Cyrillo et al. (2007), em duas fases: primeira etapa avaliação do melhor local de aplicação do PPD bovino em ovinos; segunda etapa a partir do melhor local de aplicação, a dose de PPD bovino a ser aplicada. Imediatamente após a leitura do TCC de triagem inicial, os ovinos foram sensibilizados com o inóculo inativado de M. bovis estirpe AN5, e após um período de dessensibilização de 60 dias entre aplicações, realizou-se a avaliação de cinco regiões corpóreas, com a mensuração da espessura da dobra de pele efetuada nos momentos antes (0h) e após aplicação (12h, 24h, 48h, 72h e 96 horas). As análises estatísticas mostraram uma significância para os melhores locais de aplicação, a saber: regiões torácica dorsal, seguida da cervical média e abdominal dorsal em 48 e 72 horas após aplicação de PPD bovino. Eleita a região torácica dorsal (p=0,94) como o melhor local de aplicação, os resultados da reação frente às diferentes doses (0,05 mL; 0,1 mL e 0,2 mL), expressos em espessura da dobra de pele, indicaram que não houve diferenças significantes entre as doses e momentos de leitura, sendo recomendada a aplicação de 0,1 mL de PPD bovino e leitura com 72 horas após aplicação.Given the importance of the topic, the paucity by National data of tuberculosis in sheep, and the need to deepen knowledge about diagnostic techniques application relevant to combat and eradication of animal tuberculosis, the present study was designed. This study aimed to evaluate the best body region and dose of bovine purified protein derivative (PPD b) to be used in sheep (Ovis aries) experimentally sensitized to Mycobacterium bovis AN5 to tuberculosis diagnoses. It was used 15 clinically healthy sheep and negative to the Comparative Cervical skin Test (CCT), according to standards established by Cyrillo et al. (2007), in two phases: first part - assessment of the best application area of bovine PPD in sheep; second part - from the best sites for the application, the best dose of bovine PPD to be applied. Immediately after reading the initial screening CCT, the animals were sensitized with the inoculation of inactivated M. bovis strain AN5, and after a 60 days period of desensitization between applications, was carried out an assessment of five body regions, the skin fold thickness was measured before (0h) and after injection (12h, 24h, 48h, 72h and 96 hours). Statistical analysis showed significance to the best site of application: dorsal thoracic region, followed by middle cervical and dorsal abdominal, according to 48 and 72 hours after injection of bovine PPD. Chosen the thoracic region (p = 0.94) as the best site for the application, results of reaction from different doses (0.05 mL, 0.1 mL, and 0.2 mL), expressed as skin fold thickness showed no significant differences between doses and times of measurement, it was recommended the application of 0.1 mL of bovine PPD and measure at time 72 hours after injection.
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Montgomery, Anthony. "The targeting of T-helper cells to tumours using PPD-monoclonal antibody heteroconjugates." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385716.
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Gustavsson, Veronica. "Lymfocytstimulering med två olika metoder BrdU-ELISA och CFSE-infärgning." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-58601.
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STRINGARI, L. L. "Influência de Células T reguladoras na Atividade Microbicida em Pacientes com Tuberculose Pulmonar e Indivíduos Saudáveis com Teste Tuberculínico Positivo e Negativo frente ao desafio com Cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sensíveis e Multidroga-Resistentes." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4550.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-27A (re)ativação do Mycobcaterium tuberculosis (Mtb) e, por conseguinte o desenvolvimento da doença ainda é um mistério. Sabe-se que a resposta contra o Mtb é mediada pelo desenvolvimento de linfócitos T do tipo Th1, que tem como característica principal a produção de IFN-γ. O IFN-γ atua na ativação dos macrófagos que por meio da fagocitose eliminam os bacilos nos locais da infecção. A resistência do bacilo frente às respostas do organismo pode ser realizada de diversas formas, principalmente pela evasão do sistema fagocitário. Sabemos que indivíduos pré-expostos e sensibilizados desenvolvem um tipo de tuberculose latente que pode ser reativada ao longo de sua vida. Neste trabalho, demonstramos que indivíduos reativos ao teste intradérmico com Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) e pacientes com TB apresentavam atividade microbicida menor que indivíduos não reativos ao teste com PPD (PPD-). Esta atividade microbicida foi avaliada tanto em amostras de sangue total, quanto de PBMC. Para isso foram arrolados 13 indivíduos PPD+, 13 indivíduos PPD- e 11 pacientes com TB pulmonar virgens de tratamento. Para a realização da infecção, foram utilizados dois isolados clínicos sensíveis (2220-S1 e 0885-S5) e outros dois, multidroga-resistente (0530-R3 e 0669-R6); e como padrão foi utilizado à cepa H37-Rv. A frequência das células T reguladoras esteve aumentada nos indivíduos PPD+ e pacientes com TB, o que poderia estar envolvido na latência/desenvolvimento da doença no individuo. Comparando o aumento da frequência das células T reguladoras com a atividade microbicida, fica evidente que a presença destas células atua de forma negativa a resposta microbicida tanto nas culturas de sangue total quanto nas culturas de PBMC. Ensaios de fagócitos e de produção de óxido nítrico também foram realizados, porém não foi encontrada nenhuma resposta que se destacasse. A produção de citocinas em culturas de sangue total nos mostrou uma alta atividade microbicida realizada por indivíduos PPD-, caracterizada pela produção de IFN-g enquanto indivíduos com tuberculose latente desenvolveram grande produção de IL-10 e TGF-β. Fato marcante foi à produção de IFN-γ e de IL-23 por pacientes com TB, dados que nos sugerem o desenvolvimento de uma resposta Th17. Frente a estes resultados, foram realizadas culturas com PBMC em que as células T reguladoras haviam sido depletadas. Após a depleção destas células ocorreu o aumento da atividade microbicida nas culturas dos três grupos. Nossos resultados acabam por sugerir que a pré-exposição seguida de sensibilização para o patógeno, pode desencadear uma maior propensão para o desenvolvimento da latência/doença. PALAVRAS CHAVES: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculose, Purified Protein Derivative, PPD, células T reguladoras, Citocinas.
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Jones, Huw. "The origins of diversity at the Ppd-H1 locus among of European barley landraces." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503045.
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Fathoni, Ahmad. "The role of interconversion of scopoletin and scopolin in cassava postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD)." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760949.
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The rapid postharvest deterioration of the roots, known as postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD), has been a major problem to the utilisation and development of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as a food and industrial crop. PPD usually occurs within two to three days after harvest and it is characterised by a blue-black discoloration of the roots, which renders the roots unpalatable and unmarketable. Scopoletin, which is synthesised de novo and released from its glucoside, scopolin, during PPD, plays a central role in this discoloration response. Interconversion of scopoletin and scopolin, which is catalysed by scopoletin-glucosyltransferase (scopoletin-GT) and scopolin-beta-glucosidase (scopolin-BG), regulates homeostasis of scopoletin in the cells. However, how this interconversion contributes to root discoloration development is poorly understood. In the present study, we identified and characterised cassava genes for the enzymes that are responsible for the interconversion of scopoletin and scopolin, subsequently manipulated their expression in transgenic cassava through scopoletin-GT RNAi gene silencing and scopolin-BG overexpression constructs. These approaches would potentially alter scopoletin and scopolin content in the root, thereby affecting PPD response. A BLAST search for homologous cassava genes revealed that scopoletin-GT and scopolin-BG are encoded by multiple genes, most of which belong to glucosyltransferase family-1 (GT1) and glycosyl hydrolase family-1 (GH1), respectively. Scopoletin-GT-down-regulated and scopolin-BG overexpressed transgenic cassava lines showed reduced not only scopolin but surprisingly also scopoletin, and delayed PPD. Additionally, other coumarins esculetin and esculin were also identified and both scopoletin-GT, MeSGT1, and scopolin-BG, BGLU23, were up-regulated during PPD development at day 4 and day 2, respectively. Our study reveals that disrupting the interconversion of scopoletin and scopolin by inhibiting scopoletin-GT and overexpressing scopolin-BG led to the decrease of both scopoletin and scopolin content and delayed PPD in cassava. These findings provide useful insights into the role of interconversion of scopoletin and scopolin in cassava PPD response and may suggest alternative ways to tackle PPD.
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Torres, Salas Juan Carlos. "Comportamiento del PPD en niños con diagnóstico de tuberculosis BK positivo. Servicio Neumología - INSN." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16142.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorDescribe el comportamiento del PPD en pacientes diagnosticados de TBC pulmonar, su reactividad en relación a la baciloscopía. Es un estudio descriptivo de cohorte transversal. Se revisó las fichas de seguimiento de todos los pacientes diagnosticados de TBC Pulmonar durante los años 2009 - 2010 en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima – Perú. Los datos recolectados se analizaron por el sistema SPSS V15.0. Se encontraron 209 casos (56% fueron varones), clasificados por grupos etáreos: 6.7% (menor 1 año), 27.3% (1 a 4 años), 24.9% (5 a 9 años) y 41.1% (mayores de 10 años. Los casos más frecuentes provinieron de los distritos de Lima Este (22%), Centro (22%) y Sur (20%). Predominó la TBC Pulmonar Activo evolutiva (87.6%) sobre las otras formas. La positividad de las baciloscopías fue del 22%, el grupo mayor a 10 años presentó mayor frecuencia de baciloscopías positivas (41%). La positividad al PPD se observó en el 78% de los casos estudiados y existió contacto bacilífero conocido en un 45% del total. No se observó que una mayor medida del PPD se relacione a mayor posibilidad de encontrar una baciloscopía positiva. Además, los pacientes mayores de 10 años reaccionaron más al PPD que los otros grupos. La prueba de Tuberculina (PPD) es una herramienta útil en el enfoque diagnóstico de la TBC en niños, su mayor medida no se relaciona a una mayor frecuencia de baciloscopías positivas, y está relacionada a una mejor respuesta inmune frente al MBT.
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Radell, Ingrid Myhr. "Distributional justice in Swedish-global value chain partnerships for sustainable textile production : A case study on economic distribution within the Sweden Textile Water Initiative." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297665.
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Due to the textile industry’s polluting impact on aquatic environments the Sweden Textile Water Initiative (STWI) was established. This Sida funded collaboration between SIWI (Stockholm International Water Institute), Swedish fashion brands and their suppliers received international recognition for their success in achieving tangible environmental results after implementing sustainability measures at the suppliers. However, the financing from Sida was only for a limited period of time and the projects lost momentum when the money ran out. Moreover, claims have been made that monetary savings which suppliers made from more efficient resource use has been subject to profit theft from the brands by reducing their order prices. Furthermore, the brands genuine desire to achieve sustainability in the supply chain is questioned by modest supplier nominations. Previous research shows problems in value chain management and how both intentional and unintentional actions affect power dynamics and other factors in the value chain. This research contributes to the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) literature by including a Swedish partnership perspective. In addition, new research is continuously needed in sustainability and textile value chains as conditions in the industry change rapidly (such as increased environmental awareness, and not least the covid-19 pandemic). The purpose of this thesis is to answer the research question; "Is there a pattern of economic benefits for sustainability efforts in the textile supply chain being unfairly distributed between stakeholders in international partnerships?" This is achieved by conducting a case study of the Sweden Textile Water Initiative (STWI), including a supplier survey, semi-structured interviews with brands and supplier representatives, as well as a literature study. The results showed that no coherent definition of "fair" had been established within a STWI context, and although suppliers were the only ones to receive direct financial profits, brands still indicated that this was not necessarily unfair. Furthermore, it was discovered that order quantities had decreased, but that motivations for decrease could be due to a number of reasons; restructuring in business model, changed consumer behavior/demand, and order placement with other suppliers. Regarding the order price, the majority of suppliers considered that these had decreased, while brands unanimously claimed they had increased. Contradictions in the respondents' answers does not necessarily render their experiences untrue, as they rarely have direct financial transactions due to the structure of the value chain. Another result showed that the brands modest number of nominated suppliers was largely due to hesitation from suppliers to join the partnership, as well as brands focusing on strategic placement, and being more oriented towards where the projects will have the largest impact. Finally, the results led to a number of suggestions on how improved partnerships can be achieved. The plethora of factors that affect the complex structure of the industry also leaves many opportunities to explore cause-effect relationships. Further research needs include mapping market-, upstream- and downstream- pressure on suppliers, definitions of justice and risk responsibility, driving forces leading to relocation of production countries and comparisons of environmental legislation related to textile production.Till följd av den förorenande miljöpåverkan som textilproduktion har på vattendrag bildades partnerskapet Sweden Textile Water Initiative (STWI). Detta Sida-finansierade samarbete mellan SIWI (Stockholm International Water Institute), svenska modeföretag och deras leverantö rer erhöll internationellt erkännande för sin framgång med att nå konkreta miljöresultat efter implementering av hållbarhetsåtgärder hos leverantörerna. Finansieringen från Sida pågick dock endast under en begränsad tidsperiod och projekten förlorade momentum när pengarna tog slut. Dessutom har påståenden gjorts om att de monetära besparingar som leverantörer gjort genom effektivare resursanvändning har hamnat hos modeföretagen genom sänkta orderpriser. Vidare ifrågasätts modeföretagen genuina vilja att uppnå hållbarhet i leverantörskedjan av sparsamma leverantörsnomineringar till partnerskapet, då det indikerar vilja att vara delaktiga, utan transparens kring den egna värdekedjan. Tidigare forskning visar på problematik i värdekedjeledning samt hur både avsiktliga och oavsiktliga handlingar påverkar maktdynamik och andra faktorer i värdekedjan. Detta arbete avser att bidra till den större SSCM-litteraturen med ett partneskapsperspektiv mellan aktörerna i värdekejdan istället för topstyrt från varumärken. Dessutom behövs kontinuerligt ny intersektionell forskning inom textil värdekedjor eftersom förhållandena i branschen ändras snabbt (såsom ökad miljömedvetenhet och inte minst covid-19-pandemin). Syftet med detta examensarbete är att besvara forskningsfrågan; “Finns det ett mönster av att ekonomiska vinster från hållbarhets-insatser i textil värdekedjan fördelas på ett orättvist sätt mellan intressenter i internationella partnerskap?”. Detta görs genom att utföra en fallstudie av Sweden Textile Water Initiative (STWI), inkluderande enkät till leverantörer, semi-strukturerade intervjuer med mode- företag och leverantörs representanter samt en litteraturstudie. Resultaten påvisade att det saknades en gemensamt definierad tolkning av “orättvist” inom STWI och trots att leverantörer var de enda som erhöll direkt ekonomisk vinst indikerade ändå modeföretag att detta inte nödvändigtvis var orättvist. Vidare upptäcktes att orderkvantiteter hade minskat men att detta kunde bero på ett antal anledningar; omstrukturering i affärsmodell, förändrat konsumentbeteende/efterfrågan och orderplacering hos andra leverantörer, medan genomförande av STWI inte ansågs vara en betydande anledning. Gällande orderpris så ansåg majoriteten av leverantörer att dessa hade sjunkit medan modeföretag enhälligt hävdade att de hade ökat. Att det finns motsättningar i svaren betyder inte nödvändigtvis att deras erfarenheter är osanna, eftersom dessa aktörer sällan har direkta ekonomiska transaktioner till följd av värdekedjans struktur. Ett annat resultat visade att modeföretags låga antal nominerade leverantörer till stor del berodde på tveksamhet från leverantörer att medverka i partnerskapet samt att fokusering på leverantörer där åtgärder skulle ge störst nytta. Slutligen ledde resultaten till ett antal förslag på hur förbättrade partnerskap kan uppnås. Överflödet av faktorer som påverkar den komplexa strukturen i textilindustrin lämnar många möjligheter att utforska orsakssamband. Ytterligare forskningsbehov inkluderar kartläggning av marknad-, uppströms- och nedströms tryck på leverantörer, definitioner av rättvisa och riskansvar, drivkrafter som leder till omlokalisering av produktionsländer och jämförelser av miljölagstiftning relaterad till textilproduktion.
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Eguale, Tewodros. "The role of candidate genes in purified protein derivative (PPD) responsiveness in pediatric tuberculosis patients /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81330.
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Background. Tuberculin skin testing is an important tool for diagnosis and control of tuberculosis. The role of host genetics in responsiveness of pediatric tuberculosis patients to purified protein derivatives (PPD) has rarely been investigated.Objective. To determine the impact of the candidate genes - Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (NRAMP1), Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and Interleukin 4 Receptor (IL4R) with other covariates on PPD reaction size in pediatric tuberculosis patients.
Methods. A family-based association study was conducted using eighty-three parent-child trios from a database of tuberculosis patients and their families from Texas, USA.
Results. Marker IL4Rrs1805010_GA was in linkage disequilibrium with PPD size (R2 = 16%; p = 0.0017). PPD size was a predictor of transmission of allele 1 ("G") of IL4Rrs1805010_GA with an OR (95% CI) of 1.9 (1.16, 3.14) per five millimeter average increase in PPD size adjusted for age of diagnosis.
Conclusions. This thesis provides evidence for the role of host genetics in PPD responsiveness in pediatric tuberculosis patients.
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Cattini, Nicola. "Phosphate regulation in Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces lividans : transcriptomic analysis of phoP and Ppk mutants." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843545/.
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Nutritional limitation and other stresses are known to induce the production of secondary metabolites in Streptomyces. The two-component regulatory system (PhoR/PhoP) and the enzyme polyphosphate kinase, Ppk, play an important role in adaptation of growth in conditions of phosphate limitation and mutations in both systems have been linked to increased production of antibiotics in Streptomyces lividans. To further characterize the above mentioned links phoP and ppk null mutations were generated in the prototrophic wild-type strain, MT1110, of the model streptomycete, Streptomyces coelicolor A(3)2. All strains were cultivated in 1.5 L batch fermenters using a chemically defined phosphate-limited minimal medium; metabolite and antibiotic assays were conducted alongside the transcriptomic analysis, sampling at several time points throughout cultivation. Parallel studies were performed with S. lividans TK24, a closely related streptomycete, using equivalent phoP and ppk mutant derivatives. However, the S. lividans studies were conducted with surface grown cultures, on complex R2YE medium, either phosphate limited or replete. Qualitative assessment of pigmented antibiotic production by the S. lividans mutants agreed with previous published results, with both mutants displaying enhanced pigmented antibiotic synthesis relative to the wild-type. In contrast, the S. coelicolor ppk mutant displayed significantly reduced production of pigmented antibiotics relative to the wild-type parent strain, irrespective of whether the mutant was cultivated in the minimal medium or complex R2YE medium. In the S. coelicolor experiments metabolite assays confirmed that cultures became phosphate-depleted during the batch cultivation, with the ppk mutant showing the slowest rate of depletion. From the microarray-based transcriptomic analysis, certain members of the PhoP regulon (phoR, phoP, pstS and pstC) were down-regulated in the phoP mutants, alongside ppk, consistent with their regulation by PhoP. A potential link between phosphate and nitrogen metabolism in S. coelicolor is suggested by the finding that a number of genes involved in glutamine synthesis and regulation (including glnA, glnD, glnR and glnRII) were transiently up-regulated in a phoP mutant. Furthermore, some genes involved in ATP generation (the atp operon) were also transiently up-regulated in the phoP mutant. A novel two component regulatory system (SCO4155 and SCO4156) was massively over expressed in the S. coelicolor phoP mutant, in addition to an adjacent gene, SCO4157, which encodes a homologue of the DegP/HtrA protease. A SCO4157 disruption mutant was shown to precociously hyper-produce undecylprodigiosin under phosphate limited conditions. It is speculated that the up-regulation of this system represents a PhoP-independent compensatory response to phosphate starvation. The transcriptomic analysis has enabled a greater understanding of the potential roles of PhoP and Ppk during phosphate limitation, and their involvement in antibiotic synthesis. This study has identified a large number of novel genes potentially involved in phosphate metabolism and scavenging and opens the way for a more focussed functional analysis of their respective roles.
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Borsuk, Sibele. "Construção de marcador auxotrófico em Mycobacterium bovis BCG, de uma cepa knockout para DPPD e estudo proteômico da tuberculina." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1257.
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Previous issue date: 2008-02-28Mycobacterium bovis BCG has the potential to be an effective live vector for multivalent vaccines. However, there are two problems regarding the utilization of recombinant BCG as vaccine. The first one is that most mycobacterial cloning vectors rely on antibiotic resistance gene as selectable marker, which is used for genetic transformation. The second one is the limited use of BCG in animals because it interferes in the tuberculosis diagnosis by tuberculin skin test, which elicits delayed type hypersensitivity to the purified protein derivative (PPD). In this work we developed and evaluated the use of auxotrophic complementation as a new selectable marker, characterized the proteins that are present in the bovine and avium PPD and developed a knockout BCG strain by homologous recombination. To test the auxotrophic complementation as selectable marker, an auxotrophic BCG strain for the amino acid leucine was constructed by knocking out the leuD gene by homologous recombination. Expression of leuD on a plasmid acted as a selectable marker in the auxotrophic M. bovis BCG leuD and M. smegmatis mc2144. The auxotrophic complementation selection was similar to selection by antibiotic resistance, but with the advantage of promoting stability of the plasmid. The new system was highly stable even during in vivo BCG growth. The identification of proteins from PPD was archived by LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry). A total of 147 proteins among five PPD samples (2 bovine PPD and 3 avium PPD) were identified. The bovine PPD had a considerable higher number of proteins comparing to the avium PPD. We identifying a group of 28 proteins present only in bovine PPD and a group of five proteins deleted in M. bovis BCG vaccinal strain. These two groups are of special interest as they can be used in tests with improved specificity, and potentially able to differentiate vaccinated and infected individuals. A mutant BCG strain with the DPPD antigen deleted was constructed. The Mb0092 coding sequence was knocked out by homologous recombination. The 11 sequences flanking the target gene were cloned into a suicide vector. Double crossovers were selected using sacB. The knockout genotype was determined by PCR and by Southern blot. This mutant BCG strain can be useful in animal vaccination as it will not interfere in the tuberculosis diagnostic test, when performed using recombinant DPPD. The results show alternatives for the problems related to the use of M. bovis BCG as a recombinant vaccine. The auxotrophic complementation system was highly stable, efficient and it is suitable for expressing heterologous antigens in BCG. The identification of proteins present in PPD preparations and the mutant BCG obtained provide the possibility for the development of differential diagnostic test, thus allowing the use of BCG as vaccine also in animals.
Mycobacterium bovis BCG tem o potencial para ser um vetor efetivo para vacinas recombinantes multivalentes. No entanto, existem dois problemas quanto a sua utilização como vetor vacinal. O primeiro é a presença de genes que conferem resistência a antibióticos nos vetores utilizados para transformação genética. O segundo é a limitação de uso de BCG em animais, principalmente por comprometer o teste de tuberculina, utilizado como diagnóstico de tuberculose, o qual se baseia em reação de hipersensibilidade ao PPD (Derivado Protéico Purificado). Neste trabalho desenvolvemos e avaliamos a complementação auxotrófica como novo marcador de seleção, fizemos a caracterização das proteínas componentes de amostras de PPD aviário e bovino e desenvolvemos um mutante de BCG por recombinação homóloga. Para o uso de complementação auxotrófica como marcador de seleção, uma cepa de BCG auxotrófica para o aminoácido leucina foi construída por knockout do gene leuD por recombinação homóloga. A expressão do gene leuD em um plasmídio atuou como marcador de seleção nas cepas auxotróficas de M. bovis BCG leuD e M. smegmatis mc2144. A seleção por complementação de BCG auxotrófica se mostrou equivalente à seleção por resistência a antibiótico, com a vantagem adicional de proporcionar maior estabilidade do vetor plasmidial, já que a pressão seletiva é mantida mesmo durante multiplicação da bactéria in vivo. A identificação das proteínas que compõem o PPD foi feita por espectrometria de massa utilizando-se LCMS/ MS (cromatografia líquida associada à espectrometria de massa em tandem). Foram identificadas 147 proteínas entre 5 amostras de PPD (2 PPD bovino e 3 PPD aviário). O PPD bovino teve um número maior de proteínas comparado ao PPD aviário. Foi identificado um grupo de 28 proteínas presentes em PPD bovino, mas ausentes em PPD aviário. Além disso, 5 proteínas encontradas no PPD estão ausentes em M. bovis BCG. Estes são de 9 especial interesse, pois poderão vir a contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um teste de diagnóstico mais específico, e possivelmente capaz de diferenciar indivíduo vacinado com BCG e infectado com o bacilo da tuberculose. Um mutante de M. bovis BCG Pasteur foi construído. O gene Mb0092 (dppd) foi alvo de inativação gênica por recombinação homóloga. Seqüências que flanqueiam o gene alvo foram clonadas em um vetor suicida. Duplo crossover foi selecionado utilizando sacB. O genótipo mutante foi determinado por PCR e por Southern blot. Esta cepa poderá ser utilizada como vacina em animais, quando o diagnóstico for feito com DPPD recombinante. Os resultados obtidos apresentam alternativas para os problemas envolvidos quanto à utilização de M. bovis BCG como vacina recombinante. O sistema de seleção por complementação auxotrófica foi estável, e pode ser empregado na expressão de antígenos heterólogos em BCG. A identificação dos principais componentes protéicos do PPD e o desenvolvimento da cepa mutante de BCG possibilitam o desenvolvimento de testes diagnósticos diferencias, permitindo a utilização de BCG como vacina também em animas.
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Ochagavía, Orbegozo Helga. "Wheat developmental processes as affected by Ppd and Eps alleles and genetic variation within elite cultivars." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461169.
Full textAbstract:
El desenvolupament del cultiu del blat és crític per a la seva adaptació, ja que determina la data de floració i és rellevant en la generació del rendiment, ja que controla la durada, la velocitat d’iniciació i l’aparició dels diferents òrgans que seran fonts i embornals. La variació genotípica en la data de floració esta associada amb la variació genètica de tres grups de gens. Dos d’aquests grups de gens regulen la sensibilitat de la vernalització (Vrn) i del fotoperíode (Ppd), mentre que el tercer controla el desenvolupament independentment de la vernalització i del fotoperíode, i determina un tipus de precocitat per se (Eps).
L’objectiu principal d’aquesta Tesis fou determinar els efectes de la introgressió dels al·lels de precocitat per se (Eps) i de fotoperíode (Ppd), i el grau de variació genètica entre les varietats modernes: (i) la divisió del desenvolupament en les fases: vegetativa, reproductiva primera i tardana, (ii) les dinàmiques d’iniciació de les fulles i espiguetes i (iii) les dinàmiques d’aparició de les fulles i afillaments. Això és rellevant, ja que la major part del treball realitzat, fins es centren principalment en els efectes generals sobre la data de floració.
Es van realitzar diferents estudis a camp per caracteritzar i quantificar el desenvolupament de les diferents fases, la iniciació de les fulles i espiguetes, l’aparició de fulles, d’afillaments, el nombre final de fulles (FLN) i d’espiguetes en un conjunt de varietats de blat modernes, i línies isogèniques properes (NILs) per a Ppd i Eps. A més, es va avaluar la interacció entre els gens Eps i la temperatura, en condicions controlades, a Lleida i a Norwich. En tots els experiments es van realitzar disseccions per establir la dinàmica d’inici de fulles i espiguetes, i es va registrar periòdicament l’aparició de fulles i fillols.
Es va trobar una alta variabilitat en la data de floració entre les NILs de Ppd i Eps i en el conjunt de varietats modernes. Els al·lels d’insensibilitat al fotoperíode (Ppd-1a) van conferir un grau de precocitat diferent en la data de floració depenent del genoma en el que es van introgresar (A, B o D), de les dosis d´ insensibilitat i de la font de l’al·lel específic. Les diferències en la data de floració causades per Ppd-1a es van associar principalment a canvis en la divisió de les fases de desenvolupament, en el FLN i en el “phyllochron” de fulles tardanes. D’altra banda, la variació en la data de floració provocada per al·lels Eps va ser causat exclusivament a canvis en la fase reproductiva tardana. Es va veure el mateix resultat quan els efectes Eps es van provar en un ampli rang de temperatures on l’avançament de l’espigueig per els al·lels Eps‒early es va relacionar amb un augment en la sensibilitat de la temperatura durant la darrera fase reproductiva. Finalment, la variació genètica en la data de floració entre varietats modernes fou causada principalment per diferències en la durada de la fase reproductiva tardana i en el FLN. Aquesta variació es va associar amb l’aparició de fulles després de l’espigueta terminal. En els capítols específics de la tesis, s’ofereix una discussió sobre les conseqüències dels canvis en el desenvolupament produïts pel material estudiat en l’adaptació i en la capacitat de rendiment del cultiu, tenint en compte les possibles compensacions.
Els resultats obtinguts en aquesta Tesis proporcionen als milloradors recursos genètics ben caracteritzats per optimitzar el desenvolupament del blat, ja sigui mitjançant un ajust més o menys fi a través de diferents patrons de divisió del temps de desenvolupament fins la floració, considerant els efectes sobre l’organogenesis.El desarrollo del cultivo de trigo es crítico para su adaptación, ya que determina el tiempo a floración y es relevante en la generación del rendimiento, porque controla la duración, la velocidad de iniciación y la aparición de los diferentes órganos que serán fuentes y sumideros. La variación genotípica en la fecha de floración está asociada con la variación genética de tres grupos de genes. Dos de ellos regulan la sensibilidad de la vernalización (Vrn) y del fotoperíodo (Ppd), mientras que el tercero controla el desarrollo independientemente de la vernalización y del fotoperíodo, determinando un tipo de precocidad per se (Eps). El objetivo principal de esta Tesis fue determinar los efectos de la introgresión de los alelos de precocidad per se (Eps) y de fotoperíodo (Ppd), y el grado de variación genética entre los cultivares modernos sobre (i) la partición del desarrollo en las fases vegetativa, reproductiva temprana y tardía, (ii) las dinámicas de iniciación de las hojas y espiguillas y (iii) las dinámicas de aparición de las hojas y ahijamiento. Esto es relevante, ya que gran parte del trabajo realizado hasta ahora se ha centrado principalmente en los efectos generales sobre la fecha de floración. Se realizaron varios estudios en campo para caracterizar y cuantificar el desarrollo de las diferentes fases, la iniciación de hojas y de espiguillas, la aparición de hojas, el ahijamiento, el número final de hojas (FLN) y de espiguillas en un conjunto de cultivares de trigo modernos, y líneas isogénicas cercanas (NILs) para Ppd y Eps. Además, se evaluó la interacción entre los genes Eps y la temperatura bajo condiciones controladas en Lleida y en Norwich. En todos los experimentos se realizaron disecciones para establecer la dinámica de iniciación de hojas y espiguillas, y se registraron periódicamente la aparición de hojas e hijuelos. Se encontró una alta variabilidad en el fecha de floración entre las NILs de Ppd y Eps y en el conjunto de cultivares modernos. Los alelos de insensibilidad al fotoperíodo (Ppd-1a) confirieron un grado de precocidad diferente en la fecha de floración dependiendo del genoma en el que se introgresaron (A, B o D), de las dosis de insensibilidad y de la fuente del alelo específico. Los alelos de Eps‒early redujeron la fecha de floración, pero, la magnitud del efecto dependió del alelo considerado, así como de la fuente o el fondo de un alelo específico. Las diferencias en la fecha de floración causadas por Ppd-1a se asociaron principalmente a cambios en la partición de las fases de desarrollo, en el FLN y en el filocrono de hojas tardías. Por otro lado, la variación en la fecha de floración provocada por alelos Eps se debió exclusivamente a cambios en la fase reproductiva tardía. Se mostró el mismo resultado cuando los efectos Eps se probaron en un amplio rango de temperaturas donde el adelantamiento de espigazón por los alelos Eps‒early se relacionó con un aumento en la sensibilidad de la temperatura durante la última fase reproductiva. Finalmente, la variación genética en la fecha de floración entre cultivares modernos fue causada principalmente por diferencias en la duración de la fase reproductiva tardía y en el FLN. Esta variación se asoció con la aparición de hojas después de espiguilla terminal. En los capítulos específicos de la tesis, se ofrece una discusión sobre las consecuencias de los cambios de desarrollo producidos por el material estudiado en la adaptación y en la capacidad de rendimiento del cultivo, teniendo en cuenta las posibles compensaciones. Los resultados obtenidos en esta Tesis proporcionan a los mejoradores recursos genéticos bien caracterizados para optimizar el desarrollo del trigo, ya sea mediante un ajuste más grueso o más fino a través de diferentes patrones de partición del tiempo de desarrollo hasta la floración, considerando a su vez los efectos sobre la organogénesis.
Wheat development is critical for adaptation, as it determines time to flowering, and may strongly influence yield determination as it controls duration and rate of initiation/appearance of source and sink organs. Genotypic variation in flowering time is associated with genetic variation of three groups of genes. Two of them regulate the vernalization (Vrn) and photoperiod (Ppd) sensitivity, whilst the third controls development independent of vernalization and photoperiod determining a sort of Earliness per se (Eps). The main objectives of the present Thesis was to determine the effects of the introgression of earliness per se (Eps) and photoperiod (Ppd) alleles and the degree of genetic variation among elite current cultivars on the (i) partitioning of the developmental time into vegetative, early and late reproductive phases, (ii) dynamics of leaf and spikelet initiation and (iii) dynamics of leaf appearance and tillering. This is needed as much of the large amount of work done so far has focused mainly on the overall effects on time to flowering. A number of field studies were carried out to characterize and quantify development of different phases, leaf and spikelet initiation, leaf appearance, tillering, final leaf number (FLN) and spikelets in a set of modern wheat cultivars, and near isogenic lines (NILs) for Ppd and Eps. In addition the interaction between Eps genes and temperature was evaluated under controlled conditions at Lleida and Norwich. In all the experiments dissections were made in order to establish the dynamics of leaf and spikelet initiation and leaf and tiller appearance were recorded periodically. High variability on flowering time across Ppd and Eps NILs and set of modern cultivars was found. Photoperiod insensitivity (Ppd-1a) alleles conferred different degree of earliness on flowering time depending on the genome in which they were introgressed (A, B or D) the doses of insensitivity as well as of the source of the specific allele. Eps‒early alleles reduced time to flowering, but again the magnitude of the effect depended on the allele considered as well as on the source or the background for a specific allele. Differences in flowering time by Ppd-1a were mainly associated to changes on the partitioning of developmental phases, FLN and phyllochron of late leaves. On the other hand, variation in flowering time determined by Eps alleles was exclusively due to changes on late reproductive phase. The same result was shown when Eps effects were tested under a wide range of temperatures. In the latter study, the advance of heading was related with an increase in sensitivity to temperature during the late reproductive phase produced by Eps‒early alleles. Finally, genetic variation on flowering time among modern cultivars was mainly caused by differences on the duration of late reproductive phase and FLN. And this variation was associated with the appearance of leaves after terminal spikelet. A discussion is offered within specific chapters on the consequences of the developmental changes produced by the material studied on the adaptation and yielding capacity of the crop, considering likely trade-offs. All these findings provide to breeders well characterised resources to optimise wheat development either coarse- or fine-tuning it through different patterns of partitioning of developmental time to flowering considering the effects on organogenesis.
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Liu, Shi. "The role of scopoletin in cassava post-harvest physiological deterioration." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715271.
Full textAbstract:
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important tropical crop which provides a large portion of daily calories intake to hundreds of millions of people in Africa, Latin America, and tropical Asia. Cassava is grown for its starchy storage roots as staple food, as animal feed, and as industrial raw material. The utilisation of cassava is hindered by its characteristic physiological response, the post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD). The inevitable wounding caused during harvesting and handling will trigger a series of physiological responses within 24 to 48 hours, which causes a blue-black discoloration in the storage roots, rendering these roots unmarketable and unpalatable in a few days. During the PPD response large amount of phenylpropanoid compounds, especially scopoletin and its glycoside, accumulate in the roots. Scopoletin may play an important role in PPD development but little work has been done on the possible relationship. Here we aim to examine the effects of altering scopoletin synthesis in cassava roots on the PPD response. In Arabidopsis thaliana, gene F6’H1 (feruloul CoA 6’-hydroxylase 1) is indispensable in the biosynthesis of scopoletin. Cassava F6’H1 candidate gene family involved in scopoletin synthesis were identified by their ability to functionally complement F6’H1 T-DNA insertion mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana that prevented synthesis of scopoletin. RNAi constructs targeting the identified cassava F6’H1 candidate gene family were designed, under the control of either constitutive CaMV 35S or root-specific StPAT promoters. These were used to transform wild-type cassava to down-regulate the expression of these scopoletin synthetic genes in F6’H1 gene family. The inhibition of cassava F6’H1 candidate gene expression and thus the scopoletin synthesis in transgenic cassava roots were confirmed by qRT-PCR and LC-MS, respectively. The RNAi transgenic cassava lines show less scopoletin accumulation and inhibited F6’H1 candidate genes expression during the PPD response. A reduced PPD discoloration development compared to that of the wild-type was also observed in the RNAi transgenic cassava lines.
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Ford, Megan E. "Preference for Internet Therapy versus Traditional Therapy to Treat Postpartum Depression." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4626.
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A growing body of research has emerged about effective treatments for postpartum depression, specifically how the internet could become a pivotal and vital option for women with postpartum symptoms. With that in mind, the purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate whether women suffering from postpartum depression preferred traditional therapy treatment or internet therapy treatment. The nonexperimental survey design was used to assess differences between groups related to stigma, satisfaction with treatment, and perceived quality of treatment received. Data collected from a sample of 78 adult females, who had previously received postpartum depression therapy treatment, indicated there was no difference experienced between the treatment modalities. Results were calculated using an independent sample t-test, noninferiority design, and it was determined that participants perceived no difference in their experience of stigma, treatment satisfaction, and perception of credibility and quality between the two therapy modalities. This study adds to the growing body of literature that suggests internet therapy may be a viable option for some women. The results encourage positive social change in that psychologists may advance clinical practice through incorporating technology into their treatment plans, thereby benefiting women who suffer from this condition and who may not be able to readily access a therapist's office on a weekly basis.
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Fang, Fang. "Measurement of branching fractions and CP violation in B -> ncK and observation of B± -> ppK±." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6891.
Full textAbstract:
We report measurements of branching fractions for charged and neutral B -> ncK decays, and determine the nc mass and width. The results are based on an analysis of 29.1 fb-1 of data collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. We also report a measurement of the CP violation parameter sin(2ø1) in B0 -> ncK0s based on an analysis of a 78 fb-1 of data sample. We report the observation of the decay mode B± -> ppK± based on an analysis of 29.4 fb -1 of data collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. This is the first example of a b -> s transition with baryons in the final state. The pp mass spectrum in this decay is inconsistent with phase space and is peaked at low mass. The branching fraction for this decay is measured to be B(B± -> ppK±) = (4.7(stat+1.1 -0.9) ± 0.5(syst)) x 10-6. We also report upper limits for the decays B0 -> ppKs and B± -> ppπ±.xv, 128 leaves
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Wilhelmsson, Emelie. "3D-positionering till havs efter bearbetning med PPK- och PPP-lösning och kontroll av fartygets dynamiska rörelser." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-150152.
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This project investigates whether 3D-positioning at sea can be improved by processing real-time positioning data. SWEPOS-based RTK (accurate GNSS) was used to log positions data on a hydrographic survey vessel along Sweden’s east and north coast for 7 days. However, because of the long distance between the vessel and the reference stations the positioning solutions do not always have high accuracy. This problem generates a large interest to research how processing real-time data could improve position accuracy. Processing positioning data is done through Applanix IN-fusion PPK (Post-Processed Kinematic) and PPP (Precise Point Positioning) loosely coupled concept. The positioning accuracy of these methods are compared against one another and against collected data in real-time (RTK). The vertical component are being assessed further in detail to evaluate the accuracy of these methods and the data is presented in respect to vertical positioning and height. However, solely processing the vessels positioning according to the PPP or PPK concept is not enough to get a good positioning vertically, as the vessels positioning height also depends on the vessels dynamic movements. Including the vessel’s dynamic movement’s leads not only to a higher positioning accuracy but also to a more accurate description of the shape of the water surface. The shape of the water surface is an important component for the modelling of the geoid, as the water mass distribution affects gravitational measurements and calculations by water mass variations. The future goal, is that vessels should be able to collect data which can be used to correct the present geoid model, only by using GNSS technique and water level corrections from reference stations. Furthermore, good hydrographic data and accurate GNSS height provides preconditions to introduce a 3D-navigational system. A system like this could calculate if the present draught is compatible with the future depth conditions along the route. The system can thereby support the navigator with suggestions of speed adjustments at optimal moments to avoid running aground. Initially, the different post-processing methodology’s ability to improve position accuracy are evaluated. The observations presented in this project indicate that position accuracy varies depending on which method is used. The results show that the vertical measurement uncertainty (RMS) values are lowest when using the processing methods based on the PPK concept. The RMS mean value using PPP processing methodology show a higher value than the real-time solutions. In this case, by adjusting the real-time solutions by processing according to the PPK method, the vessels vertical position can be corrected with a mean value of 5 cm. In the secondary process, the GNSS height from the PPK processing methodology was used together with static and dynamic corrections to approximate the actual water level. This project demonstrates the potential of using this type of process to get a more accurate picture of the present water surface.
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Herzer, ThaÃs LÃbo. "InfecÃÃo latente por mycobacterium tuberculosis em portadores de infecÃÃo por HIV/AIDS: anÃlise atravÃs do uso de teste tuberculÃnico e teste de liberaÃÃo de interferon-gama." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7821.
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As pessoas vivendo com HIV tÃm probabilidade aumentada de desenvolver, apresentar formar graves, ter cepas multirresistentes e morrer por tuberculose. A profilaxia para infecÃÃo latente por Mycobacteium tuberculosis (ILTB) diminui a chance de ativaÃÃo de tuberculose (TB) numa mÃdia de 62% nessa populaÃÃo. Entretanto, o diagnÃstico da TB na sua forma latente à controverso. O teste tuberculÃnico (TT) à o Ãnico exame aprovado no Brasil para avaliaÃÃo dessa infecÃÃo, embora existam problemas tanto na sua realizaÃÃo quanto na sua interpretaÃÃo. Exames de liberaÃÃo de interferon-gama foram criados recentemente com o objetivo de aumentar a especificidade e a praticidade da investigaÃÃo da ILTB. Esse estudo se propÃs a avaliar como vem sendo feita a investigaÃÃo da ILTB e o desempenho do TT e do QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QTF-GIT) em portadores de HIV. Foram selecionados ao todo 351 pacientes portadores de HIV e sem evidÃncia de TB ativa, admitidos em dois centros de referÃncia de Fortaleza-CE, no perÃodo de 2007-2010. Na admissÃo, 41,8% dos pacientes realizaram TT, 36,3% foram avaliados quanto a contato com TB e 28,4% tiveram radiografia de tÃrax. A profilaxia foi realizada para 73,3% dos pacientes com TT positivo. Houve diagnÃstico de ILTB em 25,3% dos pacientes de acordo com o TT e em 6,7% pelo QTF-GIT (p<0,001). A correlaÃÃo entre os resultados dos dois testes foi considerada fraca (k= -0,037). Resultado positivo do TT esteve associado com drogadiÃÃo (OR 7 CI: 1,53-32,11; p=0,01), contato com TB bacilÃfera (OR 13 CI: 2,7-62,83; p=0,001), profilaxia para ILTB prÃvia (OR 17,5 CI: 3,4-90,4; p<0,001), procedÃncia do interior do estado (OR 2,74 CI:1,04-7,22; p= 0,04). NÃo houve associaÃÃo entre QTF-GIT positivo e fatores de risco para TB. A mÃdia de contagem de linfÃcitos T CD4+ nos indivÃduos com TT positivo foi superior à mÃdia dos com TT negativo (535,8 vs. 373,4 cÃl/mm3; p=0,006), enquanto o inverso ocorreu em relaÃÃo ao QTF-GIT (277 vs. 438,3 cÃl/mm3; p= 0,055). A mÃdia do logaritmo da carga viral foi superior naqueles com QTF-GIT positivo (4,81 vs. 2,11 log10 cÃp/ml; p= 0,005). Mais da metade dos pacientes nÃo realizou TT, apesar da alta prevalÃncia de ILTB. O TT contou com maior nÃmero de testes positivos. O QTF-GIT mostrou-se superior para pacientes com elevada viremia e imunossupressÃo. Sugere-se o uso de ambos os testes de forma complementar para aumentar a chance de diagnÃstico de ILTB e diminuir os riscos de progressÃo da doenÃa.People living with HIV have an enhanced chance to develop and to die of tuberculosis (TB). Many studies demonstrate that chemoprophylaxis for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) reduces the progression to active TB. Indeed, the diagnosis of LTBI is controversial. In Brazil, the only test approved for use is the tuberculin skin test (TST), however, this test is complicated by several problems due to application and interpretation of the exam. Recently developed interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) using Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens have the advantage of decreased cross-reactivity and, therefore, increased specificity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adherence of LTBI diagnosis and to compare the results of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test (QTF-GIT) and TST in a population of HIV-positive individuals from a country with high prevalence of TB. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 351 HIV patients without active tuberculosis, attending outpatient in two reference centers, from November 2007- 2010. At admission, 41.8% had realized TST, 36.3% had been interrogated about TB exposure and 28.4% had performed a chest X-ray. Chemoprophylaxis was offered to 73.3% of TST positive patients. The TST and QTF-GIT results were positive in 25.3% and 6.7% (p<0.001) of the individuals, respectively. The agreement between the two tests was poor (k= -0.037). Drug use (OR 7, 95% CI 1.5-32.1; p=0.01), TB exposure (OR 13, 95% CI 2.7-62.83; p=0.001), previous LTBI prophylaxis (OR 17.5, 95% CI 3.4-90.4; p<0.001), and living outside the state capÃtal (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1-7.2; p= 0.04) were associated with a positive TST result. There is no association between QTF-GIT positive result and risk factors for TB. TST positive individuals had a higher mean CD4+ cell count than those with TST negative result (535.8 cell/mm3 vs. 373.4 cell/mm3; p=0.006), in contrast to QTF-GIT positive result (277 cell/mm3 vs. 438.3 cell/mm3; p= 0.055). Higher viral load was associated with QTF-GIT positive result (4.8 log10 cop/ml vs. 2.1 log10 cop/ml; p= 0.005). Despite of Brazil being a country with a high burden of TB, more than half the patients have not realized TST, which appears to be more sensitive than QTF-GIT for diagnosis of LTBI. Otherwise, QTF-GIT shows better results in patients with advanced immunosuppression and high viral load. We suggest the use of both tests to increase LTBI diagnosis and decrease the risk of disease progression.
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Bergstrand, Carl, and Felicia Lydahl. "Depressionssymtom hos män vid blivande och nyblivet föräldraskap : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-337365.
Full textAbstract:
Bakgrund: Forskning om psykisk ohälsa relaterat till föräldraskap har under en längre tid varit kopplad till kvinnan och barnets behov. Sedan 1990-talet har forskningen ökat inom området postpartum depression (PPD). Det är först under senare tid som fäders psykiska ohälsa har börjat undersökas mer grundligt. Enligt studier drabbas mellan 6-10 % av blivande och nyblivna fäder av depressionssymtom. Förutom lidande hos fadern, har negativa konsekvenser hos både partnern och barnet identifierats. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa depressionssymtom hos blivande och nyblivna fäder. Metod: En litteraturstudie i ett deskriptivt syfte med induktiv ansats som granskade relevanta originalartiklar som svarade på denna studies syfte och frågeställningar. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades initialt enligt kvalitativa och kvantitativa kvalitetsgranskningsmallar och resultatet analyserades. Resultat: Blivande och nyblivna fäder riskerar att drabbas av depression innan, under och efter förlossningen. Depressionssymtom är förknippat med destruktiva tankar och beteendeförändringar, vilka förutom att påverka faderns vardag, innebär negativa konsekvenser för familjen och för barnet. Riskfaktorer, bland annat depression hos partnern, har identifierats kunna öka risken ytterligare för depression hos fäder. Screening och strategier för att identifiera blivande och nyblivna fäders depression är motiverat, men har bevisats vara otillräckliga. Rutiner, omvårdnad och kompetens att inkludera fäder behöver förbättras inom MVC och BVC. Pappagrupper värderas högt och har visat sig normalisera tillvaron hos nyblivna fäder. Slutsats: Blivande och nyblivna fäder beskriver ett brett spektrum av negativa känslor och beteendeförändringar. Fäder riskerar att utveckla depressionssymtom i samband med en eventuell depression hos modern. Stöd som pappagrupper samt inkludering av vårdpersonal är friskfaktorer som identifierats och som beskrivits som positivt av fäder.Background: Research on mental health related to parenting has for a long time been linked to the woman and the child's needs. Since the 1990s, research has increased in the field of postpartum depression (PPD). It is not until recently that the mental health of the fathers has been investigated more thoroughly. According to studies, between 6-10 % of future and first-time fathers suffer from depression symptoms. In addition to suffering in the father, negative consequences for both the partner and the child have been identified. Aim: The purpose was to illustrate depression symptoms in future and first-time fathers. Method: A literature study with a descriptive purpose with an inductive approach that examined relevant original articles that responded to the aim and issues of this study. The articles were quality tested initially with qualitative and quantitative quality assessment templates and then the result was analyzed. Results: Future and first-time fathers are at risk of depression before and after the child’s birth. The experience of this depression is associated with destructive thoughts and behavioral changes, which, apart from affecting the father's everyday life, have negative consequences for the family and for the child. Risk factors, including the partner’s depression, have been identified to further increase the risk of depression in fathers. Screening and strategies for identifying father’s depression are motivated, but proven to be insufficient. Routines, nursing and skills to include fathers need improvement in both maternity care center and child health care center. Dad groups are highly valued and have been shown to normalize first-time fathers existence. Conclusion: Fathers describe a wide range of negative emotions and behavioral changes. Fathers risk developing depression symptoms in the event of a possible depression in the mother. Support such as dad groups and being included by nurses and healthcare professionals are described as health factors that fathers appreciated.
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Prieto, Paula. "Physiological determinants of fertile florets in wheat: variation between elite cultivars and effects of Ppd and Eps genes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399728.
Full textAbstract:
El rendimiento del cultivo de trigo se encuentra linealmente relacionado con el número de granos por m2. Entender los determinantes fisiológicos del número de flores fértiles, que es resultado de las diferentes dinámicas del desarrollo floral dadas por variabilidad genética, y determinar el rol particular de los genes de fotoperiodo (Ppd) y precocidad intrínseca (Eps) podría ser útil para lograr mejoras en el número de granos y por lo tanto en el rendimiento.
Se llevaron a cabo ensayos a campo, con el objetivo de caracterizar las dinámicas de iniciación y degeneración de primordios florales en un set de cultivares modernos de trigo hexaploide y en líneas isogénicas para Ppd y Eps, y determinar cuáles son los parámetros críticos de esas dinámicas que establecen las diferencias genotípicas en el número de flores fértiles en antesis. Además, se evaluó la interacción entre los genes Eps y la temperatura.
Se encontró gran variabilidad en el número de flores fértiles debido a distinto fondo genético entre cultivares elite y debido a la introgresión de alelos insensibles al fotoperiodo. Los efectos en las líneas isogénicas para Eps fueron sutiles y resultaron estar fuertemente relacionados con la temperatura. Las diferencias fueron explicadas principalmente por diferencias en las dinámicas de generación/degeneración de flores y en la mayoría de los casos asociadas a la supervivencia. Mayormente estas diferencias correlacionaron bien con las diferencias en la fase reproductiva tardía.
Aquellos cultivares con mayor número de flores fértiles en las poblaciones elite, podrían ser utilizados en los próximos programas de mejoramiento; en el caso de manipular la insensibilidad a fotoperiodo o la precocidad intrínseca, los mejoradores deberían ser cautelosos debido a los efectos que puedan causar sobre el establecimiento de la fertilidad de la espiga.Wheat yield is linearly related to grain number per m2. Understanding the physiological determinants of fertile florets resulted of the different floret development dynamics due to genetic variability and ascertaining the role the particular genes: Photoperiod (Ppd) and earliness per se (Eps) might be useful to achieve improvements in grain number and yield. Field studies were carried out mainly to characterize the dynamics of floret primordia initiation and degeneration in a set of modern cultivars of hexaploid wheat and in Ppd and Eps near isogenic lines (NILs) and to determine which are the most critical parameters of such dynamics in establishing genotypic differences in the number of fertile florets at anthesis. In addition, it was evaluated the interaction between the Eps genes and temperature. High variability was found in the number of fertile florets due to different genetic background among elite cultivars and due to the introgression of the photoperiod insensitivity alleles. Effects among Eps NILs were subtle and presented a strong relationship with the temperature. Differences were mainly explained by differences in the floret generation/degeneration dynamics and in most cases well associated with survival. In most cases, these differences well correlated with differences in the late reproductive phase. Advantageous cultivars with higher number of fertile florets among the elite population tested could be used for the next breeding programs, in the case of manipulating photoperiod insensitivity or the earliness per se, breeders might be careful due to the effects that can caused on the setting of the spike fertility.
El rendiment del cultiu de blat es troba linealment relacionat amb el nombre de grans per m2. Entendre els determinants fisiològics del nombre de flors fèrtils, el qual és resultat de les diferents dinàmiques del desenvolupament floral donades per variabilitat genètica, i determinar el rol particular dels gens de fotoperíode (Ppd) i precocitat intrínseca (Eps) podria ser útil per tal d’obtenir millores en el nombre de grans i, per tant, en el rendiment. S’han dut a terme assaigs de camp, amb l’objectiu de caracteritzar les dinàmiques d’iniciació i degeneració de primordis florals en un set de conreus moderns de blat hexaploide i en línies isogèniques per Ppd i Eps, i determinar quins són els paràmetres crítics d’aquestes dinàmiques què estableixen les diferències genotípiques en el nombre de flors fèrtils en antesi. A més a més, es va avaluar la interacció entre els gens Eps i la temperatura. Es va trobar gran variabilitat en el nombre de flors fèrtils donat el diferent fon genètic entre conreus d’elit i degut a la introgressió d’al•lels insensibles al fotoperíode. Els efectes en les línies isogèniques per Eps van ser subtils i van resultar estar freqüentment relacionats amb la temperatura. Les diferències van ser explicades principalment per diferències en les dinàmiques de generació/degeneració de flors i en la majoria dels casos associats a la supervivència. Majoritàriament aquestes diferències van correlacionar bé amb les diferències en la fase reproductiva tardana. Aquells conreus amb un major nombre de flors fèrtils en les poblacions elit, podrien ser utilitzats en els pròxims programes de millora; en el cas de manipular la insensibilitat a fotoperíode o la precocitat intrínseca, els milloradors haurien de ser cautelosos degut als efectes que puguin causar sobre l’establiment de la fertilitat de l’espiga.
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Stock, Maria José de Souza Dias Fernández. "Elites, facções e conflito intra-partidário: o PPD/PSD e o processo político portugês de 1974 a 1985." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12351.
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"Sem resumo feito pelo autor" - De restauração das liberdades democráticas, possibilitada em Portugal a partir de Abril de 1974 e de inerente complexidade de que se revestiria, entre nós, a vida política, haveria de resultar, entre muitos outros processos, a constituição de partidos políticos.
0 facto de a dinâmica desencadeada pelo processo do 25 de Abril de 1974 ter proporcionado uma efectiva transformação das estruturas de clivagem de sociedade portuguesa e, consequentemente o uma canalização das mesmas através das novas vias que se apresentaram na cena política nacional - entre outras, e porque particularmente relevantes, os partidos políticos - poder-nos-ia levar a concluir que estes consistem num mero reflexo das divisões existentes na sociedade. Não cremos porém que exista uma correspondência unívoca entra as estruturas partidárias a as clivagens presentes na estrutura social.
Evitando, assim logo à partida, qualquer pretensão de carácter sociologista que tudo reduza à sociedade, temos para nós que o sistema político detém uma certa autonomia relativamente ao sistema social mais lato, desenvolvendo-se no seu seio condições exclusivamente políticas, as quais, por sua vez, determinam e são determinadas pela especialização das respectivas estruturas.
Quando, como e sob que circunstâncias essas condições impostas dentro do terreno especificamente político podem vir a afectar o relacionamento e a mobilização do sistema de partidos, e vice-versa, são pois questões para as quais se torna necessário encontrar respostas.
Ao considerarmos que as controvérsias sócio-políticas, não derivam apenas de motivações presentes na sociedade, surge de imediato a questão de saber que outro tipo de factores tem possibilidade de as produzir, de gerar conflitos entre os partidos políticos e dentro de cada um deles. Seria este último aspecto a merecer especialmente o nosso interesse.
A análise do conflito intra-partidário, das razões que
estão na sua génese e no seu desenvolvimento, das motivações que levam à constituição de conflitos internos em momentos precisos e em torno de temas específicos, da forma como tal se processe e de quais os agentes desses antagonismos será, pois, o objectivo deste dissertação.
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Fatima, Mougharbel. "The Role of Omega-3 Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32757.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a complex mental health disorder that affects women during their childbearing years. It is a serious medical condition that occurs in approximately 13–20% of women after birth and has an adverse effect on both the mother and the infant. Certain dietary deficiencies in a pregnant or postnatal woman’s diet may cause postnatal depression. It is unclear whether Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are effective for treating or preventing PPD. Objectives: To assess the best available evidence to date regarding the effect of n-3 PUFAs on the etiology, prevention and treatment of postnatal depression. Methods: A systematic review and narrative synthesis was conducted in order to address the gaps in knowledge. For the systematic review, a broad search of electronic databases of published quantitative literature was conducted. Quality appraisal was performed using the tools produced by the effective public health practice project (EPHPP). The narrative synthesis consists of four elements: 1) developing a theory; 2) developing a preliminary synthesis; 3) exploring relationships in the data; 4) assessing the robustness of the synthesis. Results: Out of 181 potential articles, a total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The overwhelming majority of the studies found that n-3 PUFAs had no association with PPD evaluations versus only few ones observed a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFAs supplementation on depressive symptoms. Significant heterogeneity was observed among included studies which can be explained by dissimilar study designs, differences in study duration, time period of measurement and number of participants, and in varied dosages and types of supplemental n-3 PUFAs. Conclusions: Overall, This systematic review and narrative synthesis failed to find a significant positive association between n-3 PUFAs intake and PPD. However further investigation of the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the function of n-3 PUFAs in the brain and the factors related to the pathophysiological nature of depression is warranted.
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Normann, Atenante Ferreira Meyer. "Acessibilidade : os desafios ergonômicos à aplicação das normas de proteção do trabalho de pessoas portadoras de deficiência - PPD´s." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6134.
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Esta dissertação aborda a questão da dificuldade de emprego das pessoas portadoras de deficiências, as PPD´s, partindo de um estudo da realidade na cidade de Gravataí/RS, onde se detectou que o desemprego da PPD era muitas vezes maior que da sociedade em geral. Faz uma retrospectiva histórica da PPD na sociedade e apresenta um estudo sobre os dispositivos legais voltados à proteção das pessoas portadoras de deficiências físicas, sensoriais, mentais e múltiplas. A compreensão do panorama nacional e internacional da PPD, bem como dos fatores que geram tais deficiências, são trazidos nesta dissertação como elementos motivadores do compromisso social para com essas comunidades. O estudo parte da avaliação da influência de cinco possíveis fatores de desemprego da PPD, por diferentes grupos sociais. Por fim, são apresentadas duas propostas alternativas à legislação vigente.
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SILVA, Karla Patrícia Chaves da. "Produção e avaliação da proteína derivada (PPD) de Burkholderia mallei para o diagnóstico imuno-alérgico do mormo em equídeos." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5700.
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The objective this study produce and evaluate PPD-mallein with potential for application in the diagnosis of glanders from of the the production and purification of immunogenic proteins of B. mallei isolates from equines with glanders in Brazil. Were isolated and characterized phenotypically and by detecting the activity of proteases, polyphenol oxidases, esterases and determination of the resistance profile in vitro. Samples of B. mallei studied were susceptible to antimicrobial gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, doxycycline and enrofloxacin and resistant to trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin and ampicillin. Was observed the activity of proteases, absence esterases polyphenyloxidase and bacterial growth resulted in toxic metabolites. For the production and purification of the protein partially mallein were used two strains of B. mallei Brazilian already characterized phenotypically and genotypically. Was inoculated broth samples Dorset-Henley to metabolize and get the bacterial proteins. Proteins were separated and precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and ammonium sulphate. The PPD-mallein were concentrated at 1.0 mg / mL and evaluation in guinea pigs previously sensitized with bacter were effective for identifying infection in animals truly positive and exclude the animals truly negative. Histological analysis of the application site of mallein revealed the development of Type IV hypersensitivity. Was evaluated the PPD-mallein about their power in five asinines with clinical signs, with bacteriological diagnosis and positive serology for glanders and five asinines negative in serology and bacteriology. The animals were tested according to the criteria established by paragraph IN nº24 regarding the diagnosis of glanders. After 48 hours of inoculation, there was swelling in the area of injection, presence of ocular discharge and tearing confirming the diagnosis of glanders. The other seronegative animals showed no inflammatory reaction at the site of inoculation of PPD-mallein. This immunogen produced and being tested in Brazil was effective being a new possibility for diagnosis and control of glanders in this country.
Objetivou-se nesse estudo produzir e avaliar PPD-maleína com potencial para aplicação no diagnóstico do mormo a partir da purificação de proteínas imunogênicas de Burkholderia. mallei isoladas de equídeos com mormo no Brasil. As bactérias foram isoladas e caracterizadas fenotipicamente por meio da detecção da atividade de proteases, polifenoloxidases e esterases, além da determinação do perfil de resistência à antimicrobianos in vitro. Para produção e purificação parcial da maleína foram utilizadas duas estirpes de B. mallei brasileiras fenotípica e genotipicamente caracterizadas. Inoculou-se as amostras em caldo Dorset-Henley para metabolizar e obter as proteínas bacterianas. As proteínas foram separadas e precipitadas com ácido tricloroacético e sulfato de amônia. As PPDs maleína foram concentradas em 1,0mg/mL e na avaliação realizada em cobaios previamente sensibilizados com a bactéria foram eficazes na identificação dos animais verdadeiros positivos e na exclusão dos verdadeiros negativos. Avaliou-se a PPD-maleína quanto a sua potência em cinco asininos com sinais clínicos e diagnóstico bacteriológico e sorológico positivo para o mormo e em cinco asininos negativos na sorologia e bacteriologia. As amostras de B. mallei estudadas foram sensíveis à gentamicina, ciprofloxacina, norfloxacina, doxiciclina e enrofloxacina, e resistentes a trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol, amoxacilina e ampicilina. Observou-se a atividade de proteases, ausência de esterases e polifenoloxidades e o crescimento bacteriano em meio de cultura resultou em metabólitos tóxicos. A análise histológica do local de aplicação da maleína, em cobaias, revelou o desenvolvimento de hipersensibilidade do tipo IV. Os asininos foram testados de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pela IN nº24 do Ministério de Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento referente ao diagnóstico do mormo. Após 48 horas da inoculação, observou-se edema na área da injeção, presença de secreção ocular e lacrimejamento, confirmando-se o diagnóstico do mormo. Os outros animais sorologicamente negativos não apresentaram reação inflamatória no local de inoculação da PPD-maleína. Esse imunógeno produzido e em fase de teste no Brasil é uma nova alternativa para o diagnóstico e controle do mormo no país.
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Dong, Hang. "Study of the anti-cancer effect and mechanism of compound 9 : a novel derivative of the PPD-type ginsenoside." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1446.
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Leslie, Elizabeth. "Postpartum Depression and the Meaning of Motherhood: Exploring the Role of Contrast and Expectations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23173.
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Postpartum depression affects between 10 - 15% of all mothers within the first year after giving birth (Dietz, 2007; Epperson, 1999). Studies that have focused on women\'s experiences of postpartum depression have found similar in experience of contrast between women\'s expectations of motherhood, and their actual experiences (Beck, 2002; Knudson-Martin & Silverstein, 2009; Mauthner, 1999). Using a phenomenological approach, this study sought to explore women\'s experiences of contrast, understand how this experience contributed to their social construction of what motherhood meant, and ask if and how women might change the messages that they receive regarding being a mother. Seven women were recruited from a postpartum depression support group and interviewed in a focus-group setting. Respondents noted that they experienced a great contrast between their expectations of motherhood and what they actually experienced. These expectations, however, seemed ambiguous and generic. Women reported that they were surprised by the amount of judgment and pressure they felt surrounding being a mother. Participants seemed to challenge their preconceptions about being a mother by focusing on making choices that were best for them and their children and by allowing unhappy feelings to be compatible with their definition of a good mother. Women in the study described wanting to hear messages that were honest and open about the realities of motherhood, both from the media and in their interactions with other women and loved ones. Participants also seemed to feel strongly that more efforts should be made to reach out to new mothers.
Master of Science
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Woodward, Natasha Sian. "Experiences of personal and professional identities during clinical psychology doctoral training." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14778.
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This study explored newly qualified Clinical Psychologists’ (CPs) experiences of personal professional development (PPD) during doctoral training. In particular there was a focus on their experiences of their personal and professional identities. Within literature relevant to PPD in Clinical Psychology training, personal and professional development were largely conceptualised as separate processes. Yet models of reflective practice would suggest that an awareness of the personal self is necessary for effective clinical work. The research questions were ‘How do newly qualified CPs experience their personal and professional identities during doctoral training? and ‘How do they experience the boundary between their personal and professional development?’. To respond to these questions seven newly qualified CPs were interviewed regarding their experiences of their personal and professional identities during training. A qualitative research design was employed and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse the data. Three superordinate themes were identified within the data: Developing self-acceptance; Enhancing awareness of self and others; Taking risks and managing uncertainty. Within these results there was a strong message of an inextricable link between personal and professional identities. It seemed that participants started from a position of being themselves, and during training negotiated the dilemmas of learning a professional role. In order to do this they would often look to others for how to negotiate this process. Yet this process could create challenges, as bringing one’s personal self into the professional arena was not always seen as acceptable. If participants were able to show personal aspects of themselves this could make them feel vulnerable and, therefore, these processes held an element of uncertainty. Where participants were able to show their personal selves and felt validated, this allowed for developing self-acceptance. The implications for clinical training and the clients with whom CPs work are discussed.
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Ehrig, Matthias. "Drucken mit CUPS." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200100326.
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Gemeinsamer Workshop von Universitaetsrechenzentrum und Professur "Rechnernetze und verteilte Systeme" der Fakultaet fuer Informatik der TU Chemnitz.
Workshop-Thema: Mobilitaet
Der Vortrag stellt das Common UNIX Printing System
vor, das auf dem neuen Internet Printing Protokol
Standard IPP beruht und diskutiert Einsatzmöglichkeiten
im URZ der TU Chemnitz
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Sena, Flávia de Araújo. "Perfil de citocinas induzidas pelo PPD e pelo extrato de Mycobacterium bovis em adolescentes atópicos e não atópicos de Salvador, Bahia." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/21732.
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FAPESB
Introdução: Têm-se debatido o papel de microrganismos na imunomodulação de doenças alérgicas atópicas cuja prevalência tem aumentado. A Micobactéria emerge, então, como um potencial agente imunomodulador. Objetivo: Identificar os perfis de citocinas induzidos pelo extrato de Mycobacterium bovis e pelo PPD e como elas são induzidas em adolescentes atópicos e não atópicos de Salvador, Bahia. Metodologia: O estudo utilizou amostra de conveniência de 55 indivíduos cujo sangue periférico coletado fora utilizado no cultivo de sangue total. As células foram estimuladas com 5μg do extrato de M. bovis ou 5μg do PPD. Utilizou-se o Multiplex para verificar o perfil de citocinas (IFNγ, IL-10, TNFα, IL-13, IL-5 e IL-17) induzido em 24h. A atopia foi determinada através da presença de IgE acima de 0,7 kU/mL para pelo menos um alérgeno (Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides pteronissinus, Blatella germanica e Periplameta americana). A amostra foi dicotomizada em respondedor e não respondedor com base no limite mínimo de detecção do kit para cada citocina e o teste Exato de Fisher foi aplicado. Resultados: O estímulo com PPD e com extrato induziu mudanças significativas nas frequências de respondedores à IL-5, IL-13 e IL- 17, e à IL-5, IL-13, IL-17 e IFNγ, respectivamente. 97,7% dos indivíduos foram produtores de IL-10 em resposta ao extrato. Os compostos não induziram alterações significativas nas frequências de respondedores entre os grupos de atopia. Conclusão: As dosagens de citocinas serão finalizadas, incluindo-se a do sobrenadante de 120h, permitindo a aplicação de teste estatístico com maior poder para verificação dos efeitos dos compostos utilizados
Introduction: The role of microrganisms in immunomodulation of atopic allergic diseases whose prevalence has increased has been discussed. Mycobacteria emerges as a potential immunomodulatory agent. Objective: Identify the cytokine profile inducede by Mycobacterium bovis extract and PPD and how they are induced in adolescentes atopic and non-atopic from Salvador, Bahia. Methodology: This study used a convenience sample of 55 individuals. Pefipheral blood samples were used in the whole blood culture. The cells where stimulated with 5μg of M. bovis extract or 5μg of PPD. Multiplex was used to verify cytokine profile (IFNγ, IL-10, TNFα, IL-13, IL-5 e IL-17) induced in 24h. Atopy was determined by the presence of IgE above 0.7 kU / mL for at least one allergen (Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides pteronissinus, Blatella germanica e Periplameta americana). The sample was dichotomized into responder and non-responder based on the minimum limit of kit detection for each cytokine and Fisher's Exact Test was applied. Results: The stimulation with PPD and with the extract induced significant changes in the frequency of responders to IL-5, IL- 13 and IL-17, and the frequency of responders to IL-5, IL-13, IL-17 and IFNγ, respectively. 97,7% of subjects were producers of IL-10 in response to the extract. The compounds did not induce significant changes in the frequency of responders between atopy groups. Conclusion: Cytokines dosages will be finalized including the 120h supernatant, allowing the application of statistical analysis with the largest verisimilitude as the power and verify the effects of these compounds used.
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Urbinati, Sabrina. "Sintesi e caratterizzazione di polimeri anfifilici a struttura controllata mediante ATRP." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7657/.
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Sono stati sintetizzati diversi copolimeri con struttura a blocchi o di tipo statistico aventi struttura e pesi medi molecolari controllati utilizzando polimerizzazioni radicaliche viventi (ATRP). Questi polimeri solitamente esibiscono proprietà superiori rispetto a polimeri con struttura non controllata e alta polidispersità.
Alcuni dei polimeri sono stati ottenuti polimerizzando un monomero metacrilico sintetizzato tramite esterificazione di una miscela commerciale costituita da alcoli alifatici a diversa lunghezza di catena. Per fare ciò è stata studiata la polimerizzazione controllata di monomeri metacrilici a diverso peso molecolare, dimostrando che la reattività dipende dalla lunghezza della catena laterale. I nuovi copolimeri ottenuti sono stati caratterizzati tramite 1H-NMR, DSC, TGA, GPC ed IR.
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Blankenheim, Thalita Masoti [UNESP]. "Resposta à tuberculinização em bovinos sensibilizados com inóculos inativados de Mycobacterium avium e de Mycobacterium bovis." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141991.
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A tuberculose causada pelo Mycobacterium bovis é uma importante doença dos bovinos e constitui um grande problema de saúde animal, podendo também atingir humanos. Para o diagnóstico da infecção, e para desencadear as medidas sanitárias decorrentes desse diagnóstico, o Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação de Brucelose e Tuberculose (PNCEBT) estabelece a utilização de testes intradérmicos de tuberculinização. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as respostas à tuberculina (PPD) aviária e à tuberculina bovina apresentadas por animais sensibilizados com inóculos inativados de M. bovis e de M. avium, e comparar os resultados do teste da prega caudal (TPC), do teste cervical simples (TCS) e do teste cervical comparativo (TCC) para diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina nos animais sensibilizados e em animais não sensibilizados. Os resultados mostraram que: a repetição dos testes não influiu na proporção de resultados positivos; houve animais sensibilizados com M. bovis que apresentaram reação até 500 dias após a sensibilização; em animais sensibilizados com M. avium, a especificidade do TCC foi superior à do TCS e à do TPC, e o TCC mostrou-se efetivo para discriminar reações induzidas pelo inóculo desse microrganismo; em animais sensibilizados com M. bovis, o TCC apresentou menor sensibilidade do que os outros dois testes; o ponto de corte do TCS e do TCC com melhor combinação de sensibilidade e especificidade foi inferior ao ponto adotado pelo PNCEBT para diagnóstico em animais naturalmente infectados; o TCS apresentou boa concordância com os outros dois testes, mas a concordância entre o TCC e o TPC foi apenas regular; as frequências das repostas às tuberculinas não apresentaram distribuição gaussiana, a não ser em alguns períodos pós-sensibilização ou então após transformação radicial ou logarítmica dos dados.
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is an important disease in cattle e a great problem for animal health that can reach humans. For the diagnosis of the infection and the consequent sanitary measures, the National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT) establish the use of intradermal tuberculin tests. The aim of this study was to analyze the response to the avian and bovine tuberculin (PPD) developed by cattle sensitized with inactivated inoculum of M. avium and M. bovis. Another aim was to compare the results of the caudal fold test (CFT), the comparative cervical test (CCT), and the simple cervical test (SCT) for tuberculosis diagnosis in the sensitize animals and in animals that have not been sensitized. Repetition of the tests did not influence the proportion of positive results. There were animals sensitized with M. bovis showing reaction up to more than 500 days post sensitization. In animals sensitized with M. avium, the specificity of the CCT was higher than that of CFT and SCT, and CCT was able to discriminate the unspecific reaction induced by M. avium inoculum. In animals sensitized with M. bovis, CCT had lower sensitivity than the other two tests. The SCT and CCT cut-off with the best combination of sensitivity and specificity was lower than that adopted by the PNCEBT for the tuberculosis diagnosis in naturally infected animals. SCT hat good agreement with the other two tests, but the agreement between CFT and CCT was only moderate. The frequency of the responses to tuberculin did not show Gaussian distribution, but in some post sensitization periods or after square root or logarithmic transformation of the data.
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Pezzin, Ana Paula Testa. "Obtenção e caracterização de blendas de poli(p-dionanona)/poli(L-acido lactico) (PPD/PLLA) para aplicação como protese de menisco bioreabsorvivel." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263887.
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Orientação: Eliana Aparecida de Rezende DuekTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Nos últimos anos, os polímeros bioreabsorvíveis ganharam uma importância crescente na área médica, devido às suas características de bioreabsorção e biocompatibilidade. Com o intuito de se obter um material polimérico adequado para aplicação como prótese de menisco, estudou se a obtenção e caracterização de blendas bioreabsorvíveis de poli( ácido L-Iáctico) (PLLA) e poli(p-dioxanona) (PPD) preparadas por evaporação de solvente e fusão. As blendas foram caracterizadas por calorimetria diferencial de varredura modulada (MDSC), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia óptica (MO), ensaios mecânicos de tração, diftação de raios-X, análise dinâmico-mecânica (DMA) e calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC). As análises térmicas indicaram que as blendas são imiscíveis, pois todas as composições apresentaram duas temperaturas de transição vítrea próximas dos polímeros puros. Foi observado por MEV e MO, uma maior homogeneidade nas composições 20/80 e 80/20, enquanto as blendas 40/60, 50/50 e 60/40 apresentaram uma nítida separação de fases. As blendas foram degradadas in vitro em solução tampão fosfato (pH = 7,4) a 37 :f: 0,5 °C e analisadas por DSC, análise termogravimétrica (TGA) e MEV. Através do estudo in vitro, verificou-se que a PPD degrada mais rápido que o PLLA e que as blendas apresentam comportamento intermediário entre os homopolímeros, mostrando que é possível acelerar a degradação do PLLA através da adição de PPD à blenda. O estudo permitiu a escolha da blenda PPDIPLLA 80/20 como a mais adequada para o implante. Foi realizado um estudo in vivo em coelhos com a blenda porosa PPDIPLLA 80/20 com 3% de trieti! citrato de sódio. Os coelhos foram submetidos a meniscectomia total do menisco medial e as próteses foram retiradas após 3, 6, 12, 14 e 15 semanas. O material foi observado por MO e MEV. O estudo in vivo mostrou que após 14 semanas foi possível observar fibrocartilagem, indicando que a blenda estudada apresenta grande potencial para ser utilizada para a aplicação em questão, já que o material favorece a formação de um neomenisco
Abstract: In the last years, the bioreabsorbable polymers have been gained an increased importance in the medical field, due to its charactheristics of bioreabsorbability and biocompatibility. In order to obtain a polymeric material adequated to be used as meniscus prosthesis, bioreabsorbable blends of poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly-p-dioxanone (PPD) have been prepared by solvent casting and melting processo The blends were studied using modulated differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, tensile tests, x-ray diffractometry, dinamical mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thennal analysis showed two glass transition temperatures nearly constant and equal to the pure polymers for all blend compositions, suggesting that both polymers are immiscible. The 20/80 and 80/20 blends presented better homogeneity, while 40/60, 50/50 and 60/40 compositions presented a clearly macrosepared system. Blends were immersed in tubes containing a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7,4) in a thermally controlled bath of 37 :t: 1°C and studied by DSC, thennogravimetric analisys (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed by in vitro study that PLLA has a slower degradation rate than PPD and the blends presented an intennediated degradation rate, showing that is possible to vary the degradation rate of the blend changing its composition. The in vitro study was important to permit the choice of the 80/20 blend as the more adequated to implant. An in vivo study was perfonned in rabbits with the porous blend PPD/PLLA (80/20) containing 10 wt % of polymer and 3 wt % of sodium trietil citrate. Meniscectomy was made in rabbits, and the prosthesis were retired after 3,6, 12, 14 and 15 weeks intervals. The samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The in vivo study showed that after 14 weeks it was possible to observe fibrocartilage, suggesting that this material has great potential to be used as meniscal prosthesis due to the induced fonnation of a meniscal replic
Doutorado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Faleiros, Daniel Elias de Melo. "Avaliação do efeito de diferentes concentrações de fotoiniciadores em propriedades mecânicas e na cor de um adesivo dental experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-23052016-104858/.
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O presente trabalho teve por foco prover uma revisão de conceitos relacionados às resinas dentais fotopolimeráveis e, também, analisar como diferentes concentrações de fotoiniciadores de uso comum em odontologia podem influenciar no desempenho mecânico e na cor de resinas dentais. Concentrações de 0,01%, 0,10%, 0,25% 0,50%, 0,75%, 1,00% e 10% em massa de fotoiniciador foram adicionadas em uma matriz polimérica composta por TEGDMA/BisGMA 50%/50% em massa de forma que, fixando variáveis externas referentes à fonte de luz e à preparação das amostras, foi possível avaliar o efeito da concentração de fotoiniciador nas propriedades mecânicas de resistência à fratura por compressão, resistência à fratura pela aplicação de tensão diametral e dureza Barcol. Por fim, o efeito da concentração na cor aferida através do método CIELab foi investigada. Os fotoiniciadores utilizados foram o Irgacure® 819, a 1-fenil-1,2-propanodiona (PPD) e a Canforoquinona a qual foi utilizada juntamente com ocoiniciador Etil-4 dimetilaminobenzoato (EDB) na concentração constante de 1% em massa. Os resultados mecânicos e de cor foram comparados entre as diferentes amostras através de análises estatísticas (ANOVA) e, especificamente para cor, o parâmetro de diferença de cor (ΔE) foi interpretado verificar se as alterações observadas são perceptíveis ao olho humano. Para fundamentar os estudos, análises do espectro de absorção das amostras, do espectro de irradiação da fonte de luz e do grau de conversão das amostras foram realizadas. Os resultados revelaram que, independentemente do fotoiniciador, graus de conversão da mesma ordem de grandeza de um adesivo comercial foram obtidos, porém as velocidades de reação foram diferentes (maior velocidade para as amostras de CQ e menor para PPD). Curvas características foram obtidas para os espectros de absorção e de irradiação confirmando, pela sobreposição das curvas, que a fonte de luz é efetiva para iniciação da polimerização das amostras. As análises de resistência à fratura revelaram que a quebra catastrófica do material ocorrerá preferencialmente quando a força é aplicada ao longo do diâmetro para os corpos de prova preparados. Quanto à dureza, verificou-se que que para a CQ houve um máximo, para Irgacure um comportamento assintótico com aumento da concentração e, para a PPD, não foi possível a obtenção de amostras (verificado que a PPD necessita de tempo de irradiação superior ao convencionalmente utilizado na prática odontológica). Os testes de ANOVA permitiram verificar que o Irgacure é capaz de fornecer resultados mecânicos semelhante em relação à CQ ocasionando, em contrapartida, um menor escurecimento e amarelamento. Analisando o parâmetro ΔE, confirmou-se que a alteração na cor se torna evidente à medida que ocorre o aumento da concentração de fotoiniciador independentemente do fotoiniciador utilizado, porém a alteração é maior para a CQ.The focused of the present work was conduct a concept review of the photochemical dental restoratives (resins) state-of-art and, also, evaluate the influence of photoinitiator concentration in mechanical behavior and shade. Different quantities of photoinitiators (0,01%, 0,10%, 0,25%, 0,50%, 0,75%, 1,00% and 10% wt.) were added in a resin based prepared of TEGDMA/BisGMA (50%/50% wt./wt.) to inspect the effect of the photoinitiator load in the diametral tensile strength (DTS), compressive strength (CS), Barcol hardness and, also, in the color perception measured by CIELab test method. The photoinitiatorsused were the Irgacure. 819, the Phenil-propanodione (PPD) and the Camphoroquinone (CPQ), which was used with EDB (1% in weigh) as a coinitiator. The mechanical properties were compared between the different concentrations and photoinitiators using ANOVA statistical analysis. For color, the different samples was compared using the parameter ΔE. Finally, the absorption spectrum and the degree of conversion for each concentration was obtained to support the experimental tests. Results showed that, independently of the photoinitiator used, degrees of conversion similar with a commercial adhesive were obtained, but the polymerization rate were different (higher for the CPQ samples and lower for PPD). The absorption spectra of samples were obtained and the overlap with the 3M ESPE LED irradiation curve confirmed the effectiveness of the light source to promote the initiation of the polymerization process. Mechanical results analysis showed that the catastrophic breakdown of the material occurs preferentially when the force is applied along the diameter (DST tests) in the prepared specimens. Regarding hardness, different behavior could be perceived: i) a curve with a maximum point occur for CPQ, ii) for Irgacure. 819 an asymptotic curve was obtained with the photoinitiatorconcentration growth and, finally, iii) no curve was obtained for PPD once for PPD it was realized that is required an irradiation time higher than the conventional 20s used in the clinical interventions and, also, higher than the methodology used in the present work. ANOVA tests showed that Irgacure. 819 samples could provide similar mechanical performance compared CPQ but, on the other hand, lower color variation with the concentration growth. The parameter ΔE confirmed that the color change becomes more noticeable as an increase in photoinitiator concentration occurs regardless of photoinitiator used, but the color variation is much higher in CQ compared with the other systems.
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Sun, Yishan. "Novel functions of drosophila TRPA channels pain and pyx in gravity sensing and the DEG/ENaC channel ppk11 in metabolic homeostasis." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/893.
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My thesis research comprises two projects looking into physiological functions of Drosophila ion channels: first, contribution of several T ransient R eceptor P otential (TRP) channels to gravity sensing; second, regulation of metabolic homeostasis by a D egenerin/ E pithelial Na + C hannel (DEG/ENaC).
Many animal species sense gravity for spatial orientation. In humans recurrent vertigo and dizziness are often attributable to impairment of gravity sensing in the vestibular organs. However, the molecular bases for gravity sensing and its disruption in vestibular disease remain uncertain. Here I studied gravity sensing in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, with a combination of genetic, behavioral and electrophysiological methods. My results show that gravity sensing requires Johnston’s organ, a mechanosensory structure located in the antenna that also mediates hearing. Johnston’s organ neurons fire action potentials in a phasic manner in response to body rotations in the gravitational field. Furthermore, gravity sensing and hearing require different TRP channels with distinct anatomical localizations, implying separate neural mechanisms underlying gravity sensing and hearing. These findings set the stage for understanding how TRP channels contribute to the sensory transduction of gravity.
Drosophila melanogaster has over 20 genes belonging to the DEG/ENaC family, which are collectively referred to as pickpockets (ppks) . Genetic analyses have implicated ppk genes in salt taste, tracheal liquid clearance, pheromone detection, and developmental timing. These results, together with the conserved presence of DEG/ENaC genes through evolution, suggest that further studies on fly ppk genes may help gain insights to a number of physiological processes. Here I report that the ppk11 gene regulates metabolic homeostasis. A ppk11 enhancer/promoter fragment labels the fat body, the lipid storage organ of Drosophila. ppk11 mutants are lean — they store less triacylglyceride (TAG), possess smaller lipid droplets and are sensitive to starvation compared to wild–type flies. ppk11 mutants also show signs of enhanced insulin sensitivity — they store more glycogen and maintain a lower level of circulating carbohydrate (trehalose). Moreover, the mutants have extended life span, suggesting ppk11–dependent activities of the fat body have systematic and long–term effects on the fly body. Understanding the cellular function of ppk11 may offer new insights into mechanisms that regulate metabolic homeostasis.
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DEARDORFF, JOHN GLENN. "UTILIZATION OF AN AUGMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION DEVICE TO FACILITATE WH-QUESTION-ASKING BY A CHILD WITH AUTISM/PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin997274348.
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