Dissertations / Theses: 'PPod'

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Neri, Luca. "Studio di un sistema P-POD per CubeSat 1U e realizzazione modello per test a terra." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Il progetto di tesi si articola su tre argomenti inerenti al progetto Cubesat, sviluppato nei laboratori universitari. La prima parte è dedicata a tutte le fasi di progetto che hanno portato allo sviluppo di un supporto, Test Pod, per testare il satellite a terra nelle condizioni in cui si troverebbe nella fase di messa in orbita, ossia forti accelerazioni su più assi. In seguito, si è proceduto con il disegno e la verifica tramite simulazioni al computer del PPod, sistema che dovrebbe realmente racchiudere il satellite durante la fase di volo sul razzo ed effettuare il rilascio una volta in orbita. L’ultima parte consiste nell’analisi di un sistema di dispiegamento delle antenne di telecomunicazione, in particolare, sulle possibili configurazioni per ridurre al minimo le forze di attrito fra le parti in movimento.

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Rajnoch, Dalibor. "Návrh PPO na zvolené části toku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227481.

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The diploma thesis copes with the evaluation of status quo and further proposal for a flood control arrangements for the river Dřevnice (Zlín district). The evaluation as such has been made by the hydraulic calculation of flow alongside 2D numeric model - SMS-TUFLOW software was used for these calculations and sub-calculations. Based on the results as evaluated by numerical model, the proposal for a flood control arrangements has been made and is further available within the document. Last not least, the utilization of the aforementioned arrangements was measured and described.

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Chou, Nan-yen. "Regulation of branching by phytochrome B and PPFD in Arabidopsis thaliana." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85986.

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The branching or tillering of crops is an important agronomic trait with a major impact on yield. Maintaining an appropriate number of branches allows the plant to use limited light resources and to produce biomass or yield more effectively. The branching process includes the initiation of the axillary meristem leading to bud formation and the further outgrowth of the axillary buds. Phytohormones, including cytokinins and auxin, are known to play major roles in regulating axillary bud outgrowth. Light signals, including light quantity and light quality, are among the most important factors regulating plant growth and are perceived by the action of specialized photoreceptors, including phytochromes. Phytochromes sense red (R) and far-red (FR) light and allow some plants to perceive and respond to competing neighbors by evoking the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). One component of the SAS is inhibition of branching. Phytochrome B (phyB) is especially important in sensing shade signals and loss of phyB function results in a constitutive shade avoidance phenotype, including reduced branching. While it has been anecdotally reported that phyB-deficient Arabidopsis branches less than wild type, a detailed study of the defects in the process is lacking. In this research, the interactions between light signals, phytochromes and phytohormones in the regulation of branching were assessed using an integrated physiological, molecular and genetic approach.

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Davids, Lester M. "Mitochondrial targeting of wild-type and mutant human protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOX)." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3374.

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YOSHII, SAIJI, IZUMI NAKASHIMA, KOICHI ANDO, HIIZU AOKI, KATSUYA KATO, and MASAO IINUMA. "Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) Tuberculin as a Biological Response Modifier: I. Suppression of Tumor Markers by Intravenous Administration of PPD." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17502.

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Cyrillo, Fernanda Cavallini. "Padronização do alergoteste da tuberculina em ovinos (Ovis aries)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-15062007-165924/.

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A inexistência de padrões nacionais para a realização e interpretação da prova de tuberculina em ovinos motivou o presente trabalho, pois apesar da tuberculose não estar incluída em Plano Nacional de Controle e Erradicação em pequenos ruminantes, estabelece a legislação vigente que é obrigatório o sacrifício de animais com essa zoonose, sendo o diagnóstico firmado nesses animais principalmente através do alergoteste tuberculínico. Assim, esta pesquisa visou além de avaliar reações clínicas provocadas pela resposta imuno-alérgica intradérmica à tuberculina, estabelecer valores de referência para a interpretação da reação em ovinos experimentalmente inoculados com antígenos de cepas padrões de Mycobacterium bovis e Mycobacterium avium. Utilizou-se 30 ovinos, clinicamente sadios, negativos à prova de tuberculina cervical comparativa (TCC), segundo critérios estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) através do Plano Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose (PNCEBT) em bovinos e bubalinos, distribuídos por três grupos de 10 animais cada, a saber: A - sensibilizados com M. avium; B - sensibilizados com M. bovis e C (Controle) - que receberam injeção de solução fisiológica. Os ovinos foram monitorados através de exames físicos e complementares semanais. Após 45 dias da sensibilização, realizou-se a prova de TCC com reação medida pela variação da espessura da pele com cutímetro de mola, nos seguintes momentos: antes da aplicação das tuberculinas (PPDs); 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h e 96h após a aplicação das mesmas. Em relação à reação ao PPD bovino, no teste cervical simples, lido às 72 horas (± 6 horas) pós-tuberculinização (p. t.), considerou-se uma reação como positiva, quando o aumento da espessura da pele foi igual ou maior que 2,49 mm; como inconclusiva, com as medidas de aumento entre 1,00 e 2,48 mm, e como reação negativa, aumentos da espessura da pele inferiores a 1,00 mm, sendo estes valores propostos como padrão para o teste intradérmico simples na região cervical. A análise dos resultados da leitura do teste cervical comparativo, realizada às 72 horas (± 6 horas) p. t., permitiu concluir-se que o animal poderá ser considerado com resposta: positiva, quando a reação ao PPD bovino superar aquela ao aviário em pelo menos 2,00 mm; inconclusiva, quando a reação ao PPD bovino for maior que aquela ao aviário, com diferença entre 1,00 e 1,99 mm, e negativa quando a reação bovina for menor que a aviária ou > em até 0,99 mm. Na avaliação histológica das respostas tuberculínicas homólogas, 96 horas após a injeção do PPD, constatou-se a presença de moderado a intenso infiltrado inflamatória, constituído, preferencialmente, por células mononucleares.
The inexistence of national patterns for the realization and interpretation of tuberculin test in sheep motivated this research. Although tuberculosis is not included in the National Plan for the Control and Eradication in small ruminants, the current legislation has made it mandatory the sacrifice of animals with this zoonosis, where diagnosis is confirmed principally by the usage of the tuberculin skin reaction. Therefore, this study evaluated the clinical manifestations induced by the intradermic immune-allergic response to tuberculin, and established the reference values for the interpretation of this reaction in sheep experimentally inoculated with antigens of recognized strains of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium. Thirty healthy sheep negative to the Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test (CCT) based on criteria established by the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) in the National Plan for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis in cattle and buffalos were used during this experiment. Animals were separated in three groups: A) sensitized with M. avium, n=10; B) sensitized with M. bovis, n=10; and C) control, n=10, which were injected with saline solution. Sheep were monitored by weekly clinical and complementary exams. After 45 days of inoculation the CCT was evaluated by the variation of dermal thickness determined by a pakimeter realized in the following moments: before the administration of tuberculin (PPD); and 12, 48, 72, and 96 hours after administration of inoculation. Relative to the bovine PPD, the simple cervical test, observed at 72 hours (± 6 hours) post-tuberculinization (p.t.) was considered as: positive, when skin fold thickness was equal or greater than 2.49 mm; inconclusive, skin fold thickness between 1 and 2,48 mm; and negative, when thickness was lower than 1 mm; these values being proposed as reference values for the simple intradermic cervical test. Analyses of the results of the comparative cervical tests realized 72 hr (± 6 hr) p.t. concluded that the animal was considered as: positive, when the bovine PPD reaction was greater than that of the avian by at least 2 mm; and negative, when the bovine reaction was less than the avian or > by 0.99 mm. Histological evaluation of the homologous tuberculin response 96 hr after PPD injection, revealed a moderate to intense inflammatory cellular influx, constituted preferentially, of mononuclear cells.

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Corrêa, João Gabriel Zerba. "Estudo da resposta alérgica à tuberculina em caprinos (Capra hircus) experimentalmente sensibilizados, em diferentes regiões corpóreas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-16122008-152759/.

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Esta pesquisa visou determinar a resposta alérgica à aplicação do PPD bovino, em diferentes regiões da superfície corpórea de caprinos (Cabra hircus). Para tanto, foram utilizados caprinos adultos, clinicamente sadios e sensibilizados previamente com micobactéria bovina (M. bovis AN5). Para avaliar o local de melhor reação, foram usados 20 animais sensibilizados, distribuídos ao acaso, dos quais 14 animais para constituir o grupo experimental, que recebeu o PPD bovino, e seis animais para o grupo controle, que recebeu solução fisiológica, respectivamente em diferentes regiões do corpo. Os caprinos foram monitorados através de exame clínico com leituras da reação ao PPD realizadas nos seguintes momentos: 24h antes, 0h, 24h, 48h, 72h e 96h após a tuberculinização. Os resultados analisados estatisticamente mostraram uma significância para os melhores locais de aplicação, a saber: as regiões abdominal e torácica dorsais e cervical caudal tanto em 24, quanto em 48 horas e 72 horas pós-tuberculinização. A prega da cauda apresentou resultados menos evidentes que nos mencionados momentos, tendo as regiões torácica e a abdominal ventrais os resultados com menor magnitude de reação.
This study aimed to determine the allergic response to the application of PPD cattle in different regions of the body surface of goats (Goat hircus). For both, were used adult goats, clinically healthy and aware beforehand with bovine mycobacteria (M. bovis AN5). To assess the place of better reaction, 20 animals were used aware, distributed at random, including 14 animals to be the experimental group, which received the PPD veal, and six animal control to group that received saline, respectively in different regions of the body. The goats were monitored by clinical examination with readings of the reaction to the PPD conducted in the following times: 24 hours before, 0h, 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h after tuberculinization. The results showed a statistically analysed significance to the best sites of application, namely: the abdominal and chest regions dorsal and cervical flow in both 24, as in 48 hours and 72 hours after tuberculinization. The results showed the tail fold less evident in the mentioned moments, and the regions thoracic and abdominal ventral results with smaller magnitude of reaction.

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Jukanti, Aravind Kumar. "Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Polyphenol Oxidases (PPOs)." Thesis, Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/jukanti/JukantiA1205.pdf.

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Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) from several plant species, including wheat, have been implicated in the undesirable brown discoloration of food products. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) represents an interesting system to advance our understanding of plant PPO function for two important reasons, namely (1) the large size an complexity of its (allohexaploid) genome, and (2) its economic importance. Prior to this study, the molecular and biochemical properties of wheat PPOs were largely unknown. To remedy this situation, we have performed several BLAST searches of expressed sequence tag (EST) databases, using a known wheat PPO sequence as a search tool. This study suggested the presence of at least six PPO genes in hexaploid wheat, falling into two different phylogenetic clusters of three genes each. Presence of a wheat PPO multigene family was confirmed by Southern blotting. A combination of biochemical (enzyme purification and mass spectrometric analysis) and molecular (Northern) approaches confirmed that members of one cluster are not expressed in the developing kernels and senescing flag leaves, while regulation of one or several members of the other gene cluster controls PPO activity in these tissues. Our data, including immunoblotting and enzyme activity studies, further indicated that wheat PPOs are synthesized as inactive precursor (early kernel development) which are proteolytically processed and activated as the kernels mature. Activation of PPO precursor proteins was also demonstrated in vitro, in presence of purified trypsin. In these experiments, PPO activity increased during the first four hours and remained stable thereafter, indicating that the protein domains responsible for catalytic activity are quite stable. Research performed as a part of this dissertation has also demonstrated that wheat PPO activity is influenced by strong anionic detergents such as SDS and N-lauroylsarcosine. The corresponding experiments indicated that these detergents influenced both enzyme extraction and activity, at least in high-PPO wheat varieties. This work also has practical aspects, making PPO assays (as used by breeders for germplasm screening) more robust. In conclusion, as a result of this dissertation, wheat PPOs have emerged as a fascinating example of a plant multigene family with complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.

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Alfaro, Jara Christian Eugenio. "Contribución al conocimiento de la expresión fenotípica de variantes alélicas para los genes mayores Ppd-A1 y Ppd-B1 en trigo duro." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285578.

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L’objectiu d’aquesta Tesi Doctoral va ser estudiar l’efecte dels gens Ppd-1 sobre la fenologia i els components del rendiment en blat dur. Es va treballar amb una col•lecció de línies amb diverses combinacions al•lèliques per a Ppd-A1 i Ppd-B1, avaluades en quatre localitats a Espanya i Mèxic durant els anys 2007 i 2008. Els resultats mostren que la temperatura i el fotoperíode van distingir les localitats estudiades. Els gens Ppd-1 van explicar gran part de la variabilitat genètica del període sembra-antesi i l’expressió de Ppd-A1a va augmentar quan el fotoperíode mig fins a floració va ser inferior a 12 h. Els al•lels que confereixen insensibilitat al fotoperíode es van classificar com GS-100>GS- 105>Ppd-B1a segons la potència del seu efecte sobre la fenologia. Els genotips portadors de l’al•lel Ppd-A1b van rendir menys en tots els ambients degut a un menor número d’espigues/m2 i menor pes del gra. Els efectes compensatoris entre components del rendiment van ser menors en ambients favorables.
El objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral fue estudiar el efecto de los genes Ppd-1 sobre la fenología y los componentes del rendimiento en trigo duro. Se trabajó con una colección de líneas con diversas combinaciones alélicas para Ppd-A1 y Ppd-B1, evaluadas en cuatro localidades en España y México durante los años 2007 y 2008. Los resultados muestran que la temperatura y el fotoperíodo distinguieron las localidades estudiadas. Los genes Ppd-1 explicaron gran parte de la variabilidad genética del período siembra-antesis y la expresión de Ppd-A1a aumentó cuando el fotoperíodo medio hasta floración fue inferior a 12 h. Los alelos que confieren insensibilidad al fotoperíodo se clasificaron como GS-100>GS-105>Ppd-B1a según la potencia de su efecto sobre la fenología. Los genotipos portadores del alelo Ppd-A1b rindieron menos en todos los ambientes, debido al menor número de espigas/m2 y menor peso del grano. Los efectos compensatorios entre componentes del rendimiento fueron menores en ambientes favorables.
The aim of this thesis was to study the effect of Ppd-1 genes on the phenology and yield components of durum wheat. A set of lines carrying different allelic combinations at Ppd-A1 and Ppd-B1 loci were tested in four sites (two in Spain and two in Mexico) during 2007 and 2008. The results showed that meteorological traits mostly distinguishing between sites were temperature and photoperiod. The Ppd-1 genes explained much of the genetic variability of sowing-anthesis period. The expression of Ppd-A1a increased when the average photoperiod until anthesis was lower than 12 h. According to its effect on phenology alleles conferring photoperiod insensitivity were classified as GS-100> GS-105> Ppd-B1a. Genotypes carrying the allele Ppd-A1b resulted consistently in the lowest yields due to their few number of spikes per m2 and light grains. Compensatory effects between yield components were lower under favorable environments.

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Wallin, Rebecca, and Kia Pitkämäki. "Mödrars upplevelser av att drabbas av postpartumdepression." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295333.

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Bakgrund: Postpartumdepression (PPD) drabbar mellan 8-15% av alla kvinnor som föder barn och innebär stora påfrestningar för både modern, partnern och spädbarnet. Utvecklandet av PPD har multifaktoriella orsaker som tidigare psykiatrisk sjukdom, dåligt parförhållande och brist på socialt stöd. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka kvinnors upplevelser av postpartumdepression. Metod: Studien är en litteraturöversikt där vetenskapliga artiklar motsvarande studiens syfte granskades. Samtliga artiklar hade kvalitativ ansats och söktes i databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed. Resultat: Studiens resultat indelades i tre övergripande teman: moderskap, diagnostisering - samt stöd. Kvinnor som drabbas av PPD uppfattar sig vara misslyckade mödrar samt upplever känslor av hopplöshet och utmattning. Stigmatiseringen kring PPD samt att bli diagnostiserad med psykiatrisk sjukdom, och rädslan av att bli uppfattad som en otillräcklig mor, leder till motvilja att uppsöka vård. Vårdpersonalen uppfattas ofta normalisera kvinnornas depressionssymptom vilket leder till att dessa kvinnor tappar förtroende för vården och inte känner sig sedda eller tagna på allvar. Partnerns och den närmaste omgivningens stöd spelar en betydande roll för att identifiera symptom, söka hjälp och tillfriskna. Slutsats: PPD upplevs av drabbade kvinnor både som ett personligt och socialt stigma, där den egna förmågan till moderskap och lämplighet ifrågasätts. Resultaten indikerar behov av förbättrat bemötande från vården, samt nytänkande inom tillgänglighet och prevention.
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects between 8-15% of all women who give birth to children and poses major new challenges for the mother, partner and baby. The causes behind the development of postpartum depression are multifactorial; a previous psychiatric illness, poor partner relationship and a lack of social support. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore women's experiences of postpartum depression. Method: The study is a literature review in which scientific papers corresponding to the study's aim were reviewed. All reviewed articles had a qualitative approach and was searched in the databases CINAHL and Pubmed. Results: The results of the study were divided into three overarching themes: maternity, diagnosis and support. Women who suffer from PPD perceive themselves to be a failure as mothers and experience feelings of hopelessness and exhaustion. The stigma surrounding PPD and beeing diagnosed with a mental illness, as well as the fear of being perceived as an inadequate mother, are leading to reluctance to seek care. Health care workers are often perceived to normalize women's depressive symptoms which leads to that these women lose trust in the health care system and do not feel they are seen or taken seriously. Support from partner and the immediate surrounding plays a significant role in identifying symptoms, helpseeking and the process of recovery. Conclusion: PPD was experienced by the affected women as both a personal and a social stigma, where their ability to motherhood and suitability was questioned. The results indicate the need for improved treatment of health care, as well as innovation in availability and prevention.

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Rosa, Najara Maria Fleck da. "As relações de trabalho da PPD : um estudo inclusivo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5514.

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Salingerová, Lucie. "Návrh PPO na toku ve správě Povodí Moravy, s.p." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265458.

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The main aim of the thesis is an appraisal of the stream Oslava which belongs to the Náměšť nad Oslavou region with the focus on flood control of the town. The thesis asseses current state of the stream with respect to the state of riverbed, bulwark of the stream and evaluation of the capacity of the stream channel. Calculation water surface profiles have been made by usage of the 1D mathematical model HEC-RAS for selected N-year flows. The capacity of flows and objects in the given period has been detected. There is also a map of the water runoffs included and possible solutions of how to protect the area surrounding the stream are proposed. The thesis was complemented with hydroecological monitoring of the stream channel - the HEM analysis 2014.

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Wang, Qiang. "Development and Characterization of Ethanol-Compatibilized PPO-Based EPMM Membranes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20170.

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Emulsion polymerized mixed matrix (EPMM) membranes is a new category of membranes, which incorporate silica-based inorganic nanoparticles dispersed in continuous phase of an organic polymer. The uniqueness of the EPMM membranes comes from the fact that they may combine otherwise incompatible inorganic and organic phases. This is achieved by the synthesis of the inorganic nanoparticles from a silica precursor in a stable emulsion, in which an aqueous phase is dispersed in a continuous phase of the polymer solution. More specifically, the silica precursor soluble in the polymer solution polymerizes in contact with the aqueous phase, and consequently the latter acts as finely dispersed micro reactors. The objective of this work was to optimize the previously developed protocol for the synthesis of poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4pheneylene oxide) (PPO) based EPMM membranes, and to characterize their physical and gas transport properties. In particular, the effects of inorganic loading and the membrane post-treatment protocol on the permeability and selectivity of the membranes were of interest. However, the results showed that the obtained permeation and separation were virtually not affected by the theoretical Si loading and the post-treatment protocol. Moreover, in comparison to the base PPO membranes, the observed O2 permeability and the O2/N2 permselectivity have generally decreased. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the synthesized membranes showed an important scatter of the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the EPMM membranes with the values generally lower than the Tg of the base PPO. Moreover, the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed the silica content in selected EPMM membranes to be far below the expected theoretical level. This, in combination with the 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si NMR) results, showed that most of the already low silica content comes from the unreacted silica source (tetraethylorthosilicate) and have led to the second phase of the project in which a modified synthesis protocol has been developed. The major differences of the modified protocol compared to the original one include the replacement of a surfactant, 1-octanol, by ethanol and using greater concentrations of the reactants. To study the effect of different parameters involved in the synthesis protocol, a Gravimetric Powder experiment, in which the inorganic polymerization is carried out in an emulsion with a pure solvent rather than a polymer solution, has been designed. The Gravimetric Powder experiments have confirmed polymerization of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in the emulsion system. Using the conditions, which resulted in the maximum production of the polymerized TEOS in the Gravimetric Powder experiments, one set of new EPMM membranes has been synthesized and characterized. The new EPMM membranes have the Tg of 228.2oC, which is distinctly greater compared to the base PPO, and contain one order of magnitude more of silica compared to the old EPMM membranes. More importantly, the 29Si NMR analysis has proven that the silica content in the new EPMM membranes originates from the reacted rather than unreacted TEOS. Interestingly, the observed conversion of TEOS in the new EPMM membranes, exceeding 20%, is greater than the largest conversion in the Gravimetric Powder experiments. The oxygen permeability in the new EPMM membrane of 33.8 Barrer is more than twice that of the base PPO membrane. Moreover, this increase in O2 permeability is associated with a modest increase in the O2/N2 permselectivity (4.75 versus 4.67).

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Clay, P. A., K. M. Young, and E. L. Taylor. "Evaluation of Various PPO Inhibitors as Defoliants for Upland Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198200.

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This study was conducted in 2005 at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center. The objective was to compare the performance of various PPO inhibitors [Aim (carfentrazone-ethyl), ET (pyraflufen-ethyl), Blizzard (fluthiacet-methyl) and Resource(flumiclorac)] as stand-alone defoliation treatments either as a single or sequential application, or tank mixed with Ginstar or CottonQuik. Plots were arranged in a randomized, complete block design with four replicates. Each plot was composed of four, 40 inch rows that measured 25 feet long. Delta and Pine variety DP 449BR was planted on 12 April 2005. Treatments included: Ginstar @ 6 oz/A, Ginstar @ 8 oz/A, Aim @ 1 oz/A, ET @ 1.5 oz/A, Resource @ 8 oz/A and Blizzard @ 0.5 oz/A, Aim followed by Aim, ET followed by ET, Blizzard followed by Blizzard, Resource followed by Resource, Ginstar @ 6 oz/A plus Aim, Ginstar plus ET, Ginstar plus Resource, Ginstar plus Blizzard, CottonQuik at 32 oz/A plus Aim, CottonQuik plus ET, CottonQuik plus Resource, and CottonQuik plus Blizzard. All treatments receiving a PPO inhibitor also contained a Crop Oil Concentrate at 1% v/v. None of the PPO inhibitors applied as a single application performed as well as Ginstar at either the 6 oz/A or 8 oz/A rates. At 14 days after treatment (DAT), both Aim and Blizzard achieved 74% defoliation, Resource 69% and ET 60%. For sequential applications at 14 DAT, Aim at 1.5 oz/A followed eight days later by a second application of Aim performed as well as the standalone applications of Ginstar at 6 oz/A and 8 oz/A. Two applications of Blizzard at 0.5 oz/A eight days apart defoliated as well as Ginstar at 6 oz/A. Tank mixing any of the four PPO inhibitors with Ginstar did not improve defoliation over Ginstar alone, at either rate nor did defoliation rates decrease as a result of the mixes. A mixture of Aim + CottonQuik (75%) defoliated as well as a standalone treatment of Ginstar (82%).

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Saron, Clodoaldo. "Estudo da degradação termica e fotoquimica das blendas PPO/HIPS." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248767.

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Orientador : Maria Isabel Felisberti
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado

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Menzani, Ana Paula Meirelles. "Interaction of PPO-inhibitor herbicide mixtures and mechanistically studies thereof." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-20032018-164216/.

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Crop production provides the food and fiber necessary to sustain the world\'s population. Effective weed management is critical to maintaining agricultural productivity. Intensive or continuous use of herbicides that act on the same target site, or are detoxified by similar processes within crops and target weeds frequently results in the development of weeds resistant to a specific herbicide or class of herbicides. Weed resistance due to the extensive use of glyphosate in glyphosate tolerant crop systems has become one of the most serious issues facing agriculture today. Thus PPO-inhibitor herbicides are an alternative mechanism of action that have the potential to mitigate the development of resistant weeds in weed control systems where crop tolerance is sufficient to allow them to be effectively deployed. While there are few reports of weed resistance to PPO-inhibitor herbicides it has not developed to the extent that it is a commercial problem for growers. When used at recommended doses, they typically have favorable regulatory profiles. Furthermore, most of them are highly compatible with no-tillage agriculture. However, PPO-inhibitor herbicides are typically more active on dicots than monocots. This thesis provides information with regards to effectiveness of certain binary mixtures of PPO herbicides as weed control agents. The mixtures showed synergistic effects and could control monocots as Echinochloa crus-galli and volunteer corn besides control the dicots species. Regarding the compounds studied, trifludimoxazin and flumioxazin required less amount of compound to inhibit 50% of PPO2 activity in all plants species tested, while sulfentrazone and saflufenacil, one of the best mixtures in the field, showed that needed bigger concentrations to inhibit 50% of the PPO2 compared to other compounds evaluated.The absorption and translocation of these compounds individually or in mixtures, showed that as single compounds, the absorption was slower in maize than E. crus-galli and there was no difference among the herbicides except trifludimoxazin, that was significantly lower than the other compounds. Saflufenacil was the herbicide that showed the best translocation out of treated leaf point, while trifludimoxazin has not shown any translocation out of leaf treated. In mixtures, the compounds showed some differences in absorption and translocation, which it was variable according to species studied. Some traits of PPO-tolerant were also evaluated in Arabidopsis thaliana which indicates potential traits to be developed in crops of interest.
Agricultura é responsável por fornecer alimento e fibras necessárias para sustentar a população mundial. Controle de plantas daninhas é essencial para obter uma boa produtividade. O uso intensivo de herbicidas que age no mesmo sitio de ação ou são detoxificados por processos similares pelas plantas daninhas resulta geralmente no desenvolvimento de plantas daninhas resistentes a um herbicida específico ou à uma classe de herbicidas. A resistência de plantas daninhas devido ao uso de culturas tolerantes à glifosato tem se tornado um dos mais sérios problemas na agricultura. Inibidores da PPO pode ser uma ferramenta para mitigar o desenvolvimento de plantas daninhas resistentes. Há poucos relatos de plantas daninhas resistentes a este mecanismo de ação. Quando aplicados na dose recomendada, apresentam perfil toxicológico favorável e além disso, a maioria dos herbicidas deste grupo são compatíveis com plantio direto. No entanto, são mais eficientes em dicotiledôneas do que em monocotiledôneas. O objetivo dessa tese foi fornecer informações em relação a associação binária de herbicidas inibidores da PPO no controle de plantas daninhas. As associações mostraram efeito sinérgico no controle de Echinochloa crus-galli e milho voluntário, além do controle de dicotiledôneas. Avaliou-se também a atividade de alguns inibidores da PPO na inibição de 50% da enzima PPO2 e observou-se que para inibir 50% da PPO2 necessitou de menor quantidade de trifludimoxazin e flumioxazin em todas as plantas testadas, enquanto que sulfentrazone e saflufenacil, que associados apresentaram a melhor eficácia nos ensaios de campo, mostraram que precisar de maiores concentrações para inibir a PPO2 comparada aos outros produtos. A absorção e translocação destes produtos, isolados ou em mistura, mostraram que a absorção foi mais lenta em milho do que em E. crus-galli. Os herbicidas apresentaram comportamentos similares, sendo absorvidos quase 95% até 72 horas após aplicação, com exceção do trifludimoxazin, que foi significativamente mais lento que os outros. Saflufenacil foi o herbicida que apresentou melhor translocação na folha aplicada, enquanto trifludimoxazin não apresentou nenhuma translocação. Em relação às associações, os produtos mostraram diferenças na absorção e translocação, variando conforme as plantas daninhas estudadas. Alguns eventos tolerantes a inibidores da PPO foram avaliados em Arabidopsis thaliana e indicaram como potenciais eventos para ser desenvolvidos nas culturas de interesse.

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Eklund, Jennifer Lee. "Design and characterization of homing endonuclease I-PpoI variants with novel DNA sequence specificity /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10265.

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Stymest, Krista Helen. "Interaction of model peptides with the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases SurA and PpiD." Thesis, University of Kent, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497696.

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Faria, Ribeiro. "A Estrutura de Comando de Nível Operacional nacional e o PPO." Master's thesis, IUM, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/11399.

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A atual doutrina militar conjunta nacional prevê estruturas de comando operacional e um processo de planeamento que seguem os princípios aplicados na Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN), que, por sua vez, prevê, para além do nível político, três níveis das operações: Estratégico, Operacional e Tático. A doutrina nacional implementa de igual forma estes três níveis, prevendo interações entre eles durante o processo de planeamento. Contudo, a reduzida dimensão que apresentam os fatores dimensão, espaço e tempo nas operações normalmente conduzidas por forças conjuntas portuguesas, suscitam dúvidas quanto à adequabilidade de uma organização e de um processo de planeamento desenvolvidos para operações cuja envergadura é muito díspar da nacional. Assim, a presente investigação visou verificar se a estrutura de comando de nível operacional nacional, nomeadamente no que respeita às suas relações de comando e processo de planeamento com os níveis estratégico e tático, está adequada à natureza das forças conjuntas nacionais e às missões previstas para as mesmas. O percurso metodológico iniciou-se com a revisão da literatura sobre o tema, através da consulta de obras sobre o nível operacional e de publicações doutrinárias OTAN, permitindo uma visão abrangente e completa da problemática dos níveis da guerra e dos processos de planeamento na Aliança. Após a recolha da informação e da sua análise inicial passou-se à construção de um modelo de análise, baseado na doutrina de referência (OTAN), tendo sido identificadas as dimensões e respetivos indicadores a analisar de forma a atingir os objetivos da investigação. Tal permitiu iniciar a observação da realidade nacional, inicialmente através da análise dos documentos doutrinários e legais e, posteriormente, através de entrevistas a militares que desempenham ou desempenharam funções em estruturas de comando nacionais ou internacionais (OTAN), para analisar a implementação prática dos modelos teóricos identificados na primeira parte da investigação, a fim de se confirmar a hipótese de trabalho formulada. As conclusões da investigação apontam para uma inadequação da estrutura de comando de nível operacional à natureza das forças conjuntas nacionais e às missões previstas para as mesmas, porquanto apresenta uma definição dúbia no que respeita à entidade responsável por essa estrutura, depende de processos de delegação de autoridade pouco claros e ambíguos, tem uma organização permanente deficiente em termos de áreas de Estado-Maior (EM), um efetivo reduzido que não lhe permite uma reposta adequada e rápida e possui um órgão de execução que apoia simultaneamente o nível estratégico-militar. Abstract: The current national joint doctrine stipulates operational command structures and a planning process based on the principles applied by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Besides the political level, NATO stipulates three levels for the conduct of military operations: Strategic, Operational and Tactical. The national doctrine implements these same three levels, stipulating continuous interaction between them during the planning process. Nevertheless, the reduced scale of the forces, space and time factors of the operations conducted by the Portuguese joint forces raises some questions concerning the suitability of an organization and planning process originally developed for operations in a much bigger scale. This investigation tries to verify if the national operational level command structure, in terms of its command relationship and planning process interaction with the strategic and tactical levels, suits the nature of the national joint forces and their assigned missions. The investigation started with the revision of publications on the subject of the levels of war, particularly the operational level, and NATO doctrinal publications, which contributed to an overarching vision on the levels of war and the Alliance planning processes. This revision resulted in the construction of a conceptual analysis model, based on our doctrine of reference (NATO), with the dimensions and indicators to focus the analysis in order to attain the objective of this investigation. This analysis model allowed the observation of the national reality, initially through the study of legal and doctrinal documents and, in a subsequent phase, through interviews of selected officers who serve or have served in national or NATO command structures, to analyze the positive implementation of the theoretical models identified on the previous phase of the investigation, in order to confirm the formulated work hypothesis. The investigation concludes that the current operational level command structure is unsuitable for the nature of the national joint forces and their missions, because there is a dubious definition of the entity responsible for the operational level, it depends on unclear and ambiguous authority delegation processes, it presents a deficient permanent organization in terms of staff areas, a reduced manning which prevents an adequate rapid response and possesses an execution structure which simultaneously supports the strategic –military level.

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Chung, Delgado Kocfa, Bravo Sonia Guillén, Huamán Laura Navarro, Portella Rafael Quiroz, Montag Alejandro Revilla, Alejos Andrea Ruíz, Pachas Mariana Zapata, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz. "Estudiantes de medicina en riesgo:prevalencia e incidencia de conversión de PPD." Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/313713.

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Introducción: Un tercio de la población mundial presenta una infección tuberculosa latente, con 9,4 millones de casos nuevos reportados en el 2009; los estudiantes de medicina tienen de 2 a 50 veces más probabilidad de adquirir la infección. Objetivos: Establecer la prevalencia de PPD positivo basal al inicio de la carrera médica y determinar la incidencia y los factores asociados a la conversión de PPD en alumnos de medicina. Materiales y Métodos: Análisis secundario de datos de una cohorte histórica (2007-2010) involucrando alumnos de medicina de una universidad privada en Perú. Se evaluó la conversión de PPD. Se aplicó un análisis de regresión binomial para cada variable de interés. Resultados: 707 estudiantes fueron seguidos, de ellos 219 (31%) fueron hombres. La prevalencia basal de PPD positivo fue 14,4%. Se encontró asociación significativa con el año de ingreso 2007-08 (p = 0,007) y antecedente de tuberculosis anterior (p = 0,02). Con un total de 822 personas-año, la incidencia de conversión fue de 2,92 por 100 personas-año (IC95%: 1,96-4,36). En el modelo bivariado, el año de ingreso a la carrera y el IMC > 25 kg/m2 estuvieron asociados con conversión de PPD. Sin embargo, en el modelo multivariado, sólo el año de ingreso mostró asociación estadísticamente significativa (RR = 2,53; IC95%: 1,11-5,76). Conclusiones: Existe una prevalencia basal elevada de infección latente en alumnos de medicina. La tasa de incidencia está dentro de los valores esperados y previamente reportados. Se recomienda prestar más atención a las medidas de bioseguridad y prevención en estudiantes de medicina.
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Silva, Danielle Yuri Massukado Rodrigues da. "Estudo da resposta alérgica à tuberculina em ovinos (Ovis aries) experimentalmente sensibilizados, conforme a região corpórea e a dose de PPD utilizada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-10122010-142800/.

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Diante da importância do tema, a pobreza de dados nacionais sobre a tuberculose em ovinos e a necessidade de aprofundamento de conhecimento sobre a aplicação das técnicas de diagnóstico pertinentes ao combate e erradicação da tuberculose animal, foi delineado o presente estudo. Esta pesquisa visou avaliar a melhor região corpórea e dose de derivado protéico purificado (PPD) bovino a ser aplicada em ovinos (Ovis aries) experimentalmente sensibilizados comMycobacterium bovis AN5 para diagnóstico de tuberculose. Utilizou-se 15 ovinos clinicamente sadios e negativos à prova de Tuberculina Cervical Comparativa (TCC), segundo os padrões estabelecidos por Cyrillo et al. (2007), em duas fases: primeira etapa avaliação do melhor local de aplicação do PPD bovino em ovinos; segunda etapa a partir do melhor local de aplicação, a dose de PPD bovino a ser aplicada. Imediatamente após a leitura do TCC de triagem inicial, os ovinos foram sensibilizados com o inóculo inativado de M. bovis estirpe AN5, e após um período de dessensibilização de 60 dias entre aplicações, realizou-se a avaliação de cinco regiões corpóreas, com a mensuração da espessura da dobra de pele efetuada nos momentos antes (0h) e após aplicação (12h, 24h, 48h, 72h e 96 horas). As análises estatísticas mostraram uma significância para os melhores locais de aplicação, a saber: regiões torácica dorsal, seguida da cervical média e abdominal dorsal em 48 e 72 horas após aplicação de PPD bovino. Eleita a região torácica dorsal (p=0,94) como o melhor local de aplicação, os resultados da reação frente às diferentes doses (0,05 mL; 0,1 mL e 0,2 mL), expressos em espessura da dobra de pele, indicaram que não houve diferenças significantes entre as doses e momentos de leitura, sendo recomendada a aplicação de 0,1 mL de PPD bovino e leitura com 72 horas após aplicação.
Given the importance of the topic, the paucity by National data of tuberculosis in sheep, and the need to deepen knowledge about diagnostic techniques application relevant to combat and eradication of animal tuberculosis, the present study was designed. This study aimed to evaluate the best body region and dose of bovine purified protein derivative (PPD b) to be used in sheep (Ovis aries) experimentally sensitized to Mycobacterium bovis AN5 to tuberculosis diagnoses. It was used 15 clinically healthy sheep and negative to the Comparative Cervical skin Test (CCT), according to standards established by Cyrillo et al. (2007), in two phases: first part - assessment of the best application area of bovine PPD in sheep; second part - from the best sites for the application, the best dose of bovine PPD to be applied. Immediately after reading the initial screening CCT, the animals were sensitized with the inoculation of inactivated M. bovis strain AN5, and after a 60 days period of desensitization between applications, was carried out an assessment of five body regions, the skin fold thickness was measured before (0h) and after injection (12h, 24h, 48h, 72h and 96 hours). Statistical analysis showed significance to the best site of application: dorsal thoracic region, followed by middle cervical and dorsal abdominal, according to 48 and 72 hours after injection of bovine PPD. Chosen the thoracic region (p = 0.94) as the best site for the application, results of reaction from different doses (0.05 mL, 0.1 mL, and 0.2 mL), expressed as skin fold thickness showed no significant differences between doses and times of measurement, it was recommended the application of 0.1 mL of bovine PPD and measure at time 72 hours after injection.

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Wang, Weimin. "Transposable elements for insect transformation, the Mariner element and the I-PpoI intron-encoded endonuclease." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0017/MQ55290.pdf.

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Galburt, Eric A. "Structural and computational studies of two oligonucleotide modifying enzymes : I-PpoI and T4 polynucleotide kinase /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9223.

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Zich, Lukáš. "Řízená péče ve zdravotnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17728.

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This diploma paper deals with the managed care in the world and in The Czech Republic. It focuses on forms of the managed care, weaker forms of this kind of financing health care - PPOs, POS, on accomplishments and negatives and it's compared with the other kind of financing. The situation is described in all insurence companies in Czech Republic especially in Česká průmyslová pojišťovna.

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Turchet, Renato. "Blendas ternarias PPO/AES/PS : estudo da miscibilidade, compatibilidade e estabilidade fotooxidativa." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248779.

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Orientador: Maria Isabel Felisberti
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T19:58:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Turchet_Renato_D.pdf: 5552615 bytes, checksum: 362eca7d5bc2f3df61a1e1672d181201 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar e avaliar o comportamento de blendas ternárias PPO/AES/PS com relação aos aspectos de miscibilidade, compatibilidade, propriedades mecânicas e estabilidade fotoquímica, bem como comparar estas propriedades com as das blendas PPO/HIPS. Neste trabalho as blendas ternárias PPO/AES/PS foram elaboradas a partir da mistura mecânica no estado fundido de PS, poliestireno, PPO, poli(2,6-dimetil-1,4-óxido de fenileno) e AES, um elastômero termoplástico obtido pela enxertia de SAN, poli(estireno-co-acrilonitrila) no EPDM, poli(etileno-co-propileno-co-5-etilideno-2-norboneno). Foram preparadas três séries de blendas ternárias, contendo respectivamente 40, 50 e 60 % de PPO. Em cada série variou-se a fração mássica do AES de 10, 15, 20 e 30 %. Para fins de estudos comparativos, também foram preparadas as blendas binárias PPO/AES, PPO/PS e AES/PS na composição 50/50 e as blendas binárias de PPO e poliestireno de alto impacto, HIPS, contendo o mesmo teor de PPO que as blendas ternárias. A análise dinâmico-mecânica das blendas ternárias revelou um comportamento de fases complexo, sendo possível verificar a existência de uma fase elastomérica de EPDM dispersa em uma matriz constituída por várias fases, sendo uma delas a mistura miscível PPO/PS. Tal comportamento deve-se ao fato do PPO e PS serem totalmente miscíveis, já o PS é miscível com SAN quando este contém menos que 5% em massa de acrilonitrila, e o PPO é miscível com SAN quando este contém menos que 10% em massa de acrilonitrila. As blendas ternárias apresentam propriedades mecânicas dependentes do teor de AES. O aumento do teor de AES promoveu um significativo aumento na resistência ao impacto com ligeira queda no módulo e na resistência à tração. Entretanto, somente algumas composições apresentaram desempenho mecânico superior às blendas PPO/HIPS. Ensaios de envelhecimento acelerado mostraram que as blendas ternárias são mais estáveis que as blendas PPO/HIPS que possuem uma fase elastomérica insaturada
Abstract: The aim of this work was to prepare and to evaluate the PPO/AES/PS ternary blends behavior with respect to miscibility, compatibility, mechanical properties and photochemical stability aspects, as well as to compare these properties to the PPO/HIPS blends. In this work, the PPO/AES/PS ternary blends were obtained from the melt mixture PS, polystyrene, PPO, poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), AES, a thermoplastic elastomer constituted by a grafting of SAN, poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile), on EPDM, a poly(ethylene-co-propylene-co-diene) elastomer.Three series of the ternary blends containing 40, 50 and 60 % of PPO were prepared. In each ternary blends series the AES¿s mass fraction variation was 10, 15, 20 and 30 %. To perform a comparative study, the binary blends PPO/AES, PPO/PS and AES/PS, with composition 50/50%, and the PPO/HIPS binary blend with the same PPO¿s contents that the ternary blends, were also prepared. The dynamical mechanical analysis of the ternary blends showed a complex phases behavior, with the EDPM elastomeric phase dispersed in a matrix constituted by several phases, one of them the miscible blend PPO/PS. Such behavior is due to the fact that PPO and PS blends are miscible blends, while PS is only miscible with SAN when it contains less than 10 % wt of acrylonitrile and PPO/SAN blends are also miscible if the acrylonitrile composition is less than 5 wt %. The ternary blends presents mechanical properties dependent on the blend AES content. The increase in the AES content in the blends resulted in a significative increase in the impact resistance and a slight drop in the modulus and tensile resistence. However, only some compositions showed better mechanical performance than PPO/HIPS blends. Accelerated aging showed that the ternary blends are more stable than the PPO/HIPS blends that present an unsaturated elastomeric phase
Doutorado
Físico-Química
Doutor em Quimica

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Gustavsson, Veronica. "Lymfocytstimulering med två olika metoder BrdU-ELISA och CFSE-infärgning." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-58601.

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STRINGARI, L. L. "Influência de Células T reguladoras na Atividade Microbicida em Pacientes com Tuberculose Pulmonar e Indivíduos Saudáveis com Teste Tuberculínico Positivo e Negativo frente ao desafio com Cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sensíveis e Multidroga-Resistentes." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4550.

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A (re)ativação do Mycobcaterium tuberculosis (Mtb) e, por conseguinte o desenvolvimento da doença ainda é um mistério. Sabe-se que a resposta contra o Mtb é mediada pelo desenvolvimento de linfócitos T do tipo Th1, que tem como característica principal a produção de IFN-γ. O IFN-γ atua na ativação dos macrófagos que por meio da fagocitose eliminam os bacilos nos locais da infecção. A resistência do bacilo frente às respostas do organismo pode ser realizada de diversas formas, principalmente pela evasão do sistema fagocitário. Sabemos que indivíduos pré-expostos e sensibilizados desenvolvem um tipo de tuberculose latente que pode ser reativada ao longo de sua vida. Neste trabalho, demonstramos que indivíduos reativos ao teste intradérmico com Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) e pacientes com TB apresentavam atividade microbicida menor que indivíduos não reativos ao teste com PPD (PPD-). Esta atividade microbicida foi avaliada tanto em amostras de sangue total, quanto de PBMC. Para isso foram arrolados 13 indivíduos PPD+, 13 indivíduos PPD- e 11 pacientes com TB pulmonar virgens de tratamento. Para a realização da infecção, foram utilizados dois isolados clínicos sensíveis (2220-S1 e 0885-S5) e outros dois, multidroga-resistente (0530-R3 e 0669-R6); e como padrão foi utilizado à cepa H37-Rv. A frequência das células T reguladoras esteve aumentada nos indivíduos PPD+ e pacientes com TB, o que poderia estar envolvido na latência/desenvolvimento da doença no individuo. Comparando o aumento da frequência das células T reguladoras com a atividade microbicida, fica evidente que a presença destas células atua de forma negativa a resposta microbicida tanto nas culturas de sangue total quanto nas culturas de PBMC. Ensaios de fagócitos e de produção de óxido nítrico também foram realizados, porém não foi encontrada nenhuma resposta que se destacasse. A produção de citocinas em culturas de sangue total nos mostrou uma alta atividade microbicida realizada por indivíduos PPD-, caracterizada pela produção de IFN-g enquanto indivíduos com tuberculose latente desenvolveram grande produção de IL-10 e TGF-β. Fato marcante foi à produção de IFN-γ e de IL-23 por pacientes com TB, dados que nos sugerem o desenvolvimento de uma resposta Th17. Frente a estes resultados, foram realizadas culturas com PBMC em que as células T reguladoras haviam sido depletadas. Após a depleção destas células ocorreu o aumento da atividade microbicida nas culturas dos três grupos. Nossos resultados acabam por sugerir que a pré-exposição seguida de sensibilização para o patógeno, pode desencadear uma maior propensão para o desenvolvimento da latência/doença. PALAVRAS CHAVES: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculose, Purified Protein Derivative, PPD, células T reguladoras, Citocinas.

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Fisch, Judith [Verfasser]. "Auswirkungen von PPID auf die kardiale Funktion anhand von Gewebedoppler, Speckle Tracking, EKG und Blutdruckmessung / Judith Fisch." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227301790/34.

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Pereira, Cláudia Maria Alves da Silva. "Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação da Patient - Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) para a língua portuguesa do Brasil." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2012. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12731.

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National curricular guidelines suggest a shift in healthcare model with the use of patient-centered practices and flexible physician behavior that meets patients\' preferences. This change requires appropriate evaluation of medical students\', physicians\' and patients\' attitudes with valid and reliable instruments. The objective of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) to Portuguese spoken in Brazil. The PPOS is a measure of individual attitudes regarding medical/disease or patient-oriented practices. This instrument was translated according to international guidelines of translation. Two translated versions, a back-translation and author\'s observations were assessed by five reviewers through modified Delphi and the pre-final version of the PPOS was obtained. This pre-final version was then assessed by the author of the scale and pre-tested with 37 participants (12 resident physicians, 13 medical students and 12 patients). Pre-test results were analyzed by three evaluators (doctors) and two researchers to produce a final version of the Brazilian version of the PPOS - the EOMP. This final version was approved by the scale author and by a language coordinator. The EOMP was then applied to 360 participants (120 resident physicians, 120 medical students and 120 patients). We verified data quality (lost data, floor and ceiling effects), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation reliability), internal consistency reliability (Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient) and construct validity (explanatory factor analysis with principal component analysis, two factors extraction, Oblimin rotation and Kaiser criterion; confirmatory factor analysis with maximum likelihood method and goodness-of-fit indexes: X2/df, RMSEA, SRMR, GFI, AGFI, NNFI and CFI). During independent review process (modified Delphi), only two items (04 and 17) did not reach a minimum of 80% agreement among the reviewers or produce answer stability throughout the different testing sessions. During pre-testing, seven items (38.9%) were modified according to pre-established criteria. The rate of lost data was 0.28%. Floor effect was observed in most of items answered by patients. Ceiling effect was detected in most of items answered by residents, students and patients. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach s alpha = 0.605) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.670) were considered to be adequate. In the two-factor principal component analysis (a priori criteria), one item (item 09) did not achieve a loading factor higher than 0.3, one item (item 15) was considered factorially complex and two items (items 02 and 14) were inconsistent with a priori factors (explanatory factor analysis). A confirmatory factor analysis provided an acceptable adjustment for the observed variables (X2/df = 2.33; GFI= 0.91; AGFI= 0.89; CFI= 0.84; NFI= 0.75; NNFI= 0.81; RMSEA= 0.062 (p= 0.016) e SRMR= 0.065). These results show that the EOMP has adequate reliability and acceptable validity. This scale may be useful in evaluating physicians\', medical students\' and patients\' attitudes in Brazil.
A reorientação do modelo assistencial que assegure o cumprimento das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, por meio de prática médica centrada no paciente e comportamento médico flexível conforme as preferências dos pacientes, requer uma avaliação da atitude dos estudantes de medicina, médicos e pacientes por meio de instrumentos válidos e confiáveis. O presente estudo teve como objetivo traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar a Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. A PPOS, instrumento que avalia a atitude individual quanto a práticas centradas no médico e na doença ou no paciente, foi traduzida conforme normas internacionais. As duas traduções, a retrotradução e as observações do autor da escala foram avaliadas por cinco revisores por meio da utilização da técnica Delphi, para obtenção da versão pré-final da Escala de Orientação Médico-Paciente (EOMP). A versão pré-final da EOMP foi avaliada novamente pelo autor e pré-testada em 37 participantes (12 médicos residentes, 13 estudantes de medicina e 12 pacientes). Os resultados do pré-teste foram avaliados por três avaliadores médicos e dois coordenadores finalizando a versão final da tradução da PPOS na EOMP, a qual foi aprovada pelo autor e coordenador de linguagem. A versão final da escala foi autoaplicada a 360 participantes (120 médicos residentes, 120 estudantes de medicina e 120 pacientes) e os dados submetidos aos testes de qualidade dos dados (dados perdidos, efeitos piso e teto), confiabilidade teste-reteste (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse), confiabilidade da consistência interna (coeficiente alfa Cronbach) e validade de construto por meio da análise fatorial exploratória (análise dos componentes principais, extração de dois fatores, rotação Oblimin e critério de Kaiser) e confirmatória (método da máxima verossimilhança e índices de ajustamento do modelo: χ2/df, RMSEA, SRMR, GFI, AGFI, NNFI e CFI). Na etapa de revisores independentes (técnica Delphi), apenas dois itens (04 e 17) não atingiram o consenso mínimo de 80% de concordância entre os revisores ou estabilidade das respostas através das rodadas. No pré-teste, sete itens (38,9%) foram modificados de acordo com os critérios pré-estabelecidos. A taxa de dados perdidos foi de 0,28%. O efeito piso foi detectado na maioria dos itens respondidos pelos pacientes e o efeito teto pelos residentes, estudantes e pacientes. A confiabilidade verificada pela consistência interna (α Cronbach=0,605) e do teste re-teste (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse=0,670) foi considerada adequada. Na análise fatorial exploratória, a análise dos componentes principais com a presença de dois fatores demonstrou que um item (item 09) não apresentou carga fatorial maior que 0,3, outro (item 15) foi considerado fatorialmente complexo e dois (itens 02 e 14) foram inconsistentes com os fatores considerados a priori. A análise fatorial confirmatória forneceu um ajuste aceitável com as variáveis observadas (X2/df = 2,33; GFI= 0,91; AGFI= 0,89; CFI= 0,84; NFI= 0,75; NNFI= 0,81; RMSEA= 0,062 (p= 0,016) e SRMR= 0,065). Os resultados demonstram que a EOMP possui adequada confiabilidade e aceitável validade. Essa escala pode ser útil na avaliação, no Brasil, das atitudes dos médicos, estudantes de medicina e pacientes.
Mestre em Ciências da Saúde

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Montgomery, Anthony. "The targeting of T-helper cells to tumours using PPD-monoclonal antibody heteroconjugates." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385716.

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Goldmints, Isabella 1966. "Micellar structures and dynamics in aqueous solutions of PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85363.

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Morel, Patrick. "Mécanismes de photo-oxydation de mélanges physiques PBT/PC - PPO/PA - PA/PP." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21309.

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Les techniques expérimentales d'étude du comportement a long terme des matériaux polymères à partir de mesures réalisées en photovieillissement accéléré et en thermo-oxydation ont pu être exploitées pour des systèmes aussi complexes que des mélanges physiques. Dans de tels mélanges, les conjugaisons qui interviennent entre macro- et microphases ont été examinées. Dans le cas des mélanges PBT/C, la macrophase PBT/PC se comporte essentiellement comme un PBT pur alors que les microphases élastomères induisent une hydroperoxydation importante du PBT et de l'interphase entre nodules d'élastomères et la macrophase. Le système PPO/PA/élastomère diénique est le siège d'une photo-oxydation rapide et localisée dans les couches les plus superficielles. Le ppo est intrinsèquement le site le plus photo-oxydable du mélange ppo/pa et l'essentiel des photoproduits observes sont en fait des produits de photo-oxydation et de photolyse du PPO. Enfin, le mélange PA/PO est un exemple ou les deux constituants présentent des photo-oxydations conjuguées se traduisant par une formation plus rapide de photoproduits issus de la matrice polypropylène, les périodes d'induction généralement observées dans les polypropylènes homopolymères étant pratiquement éliminées dans les mélanges.

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Borsuk, Sibele. "Construção de marcador auxotrófico em Mycobacterium bovis BCG, de uma cepa knockout para DPPD e estudo proteômico da tuberculina." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1257.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:32:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_sibele_borsuk.pdf: 16306468 bytes, checksum: 4743a54f442368d81ff802d8290c7cfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-28
Mycobacterium bovis BCG has the potential to be an effective live vector for multivalent vaccines. However, there are two problems regarding the utilization of recombinant BCG as vaccine. The first one is that most mycobacterial cloning vectors rely on antibiotic resistance gene as selectable marker, which is used for genetic transformation. The second one is the limited use of BCG in animals because it interferes in the tuberculosis diagnosis by tuberculin skin test, which elicits delayed type hypersensitivity to the purified protein derivative (PPD). In this work we developed and evaluated the use of auxotrophic complementation as a new selectable marker, characterized the proteins that are present in the bovine and avium PPD and developed a knockout BCG strain by homologous recombination. To test the auxotrophic complementation as selectable marker, an auxotrophic BCG strain for the amino acid leucine was constructed by knocking out the leuD gene by homologous recombination. Expression of leuD on a plasmid acted as a selectable marker in the auxotrophic M. bovis BCG leuD and M. smegmatis mc2144. The auxotrophic complementation selection was similar to selection by antibiotic resistance, but with the advantage of promoting stability of the plasmid. The new system was highly stable even during in vivo BCG growth. The identification of proteins from PPD was archived by LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry). A total of 147 proteins among five PPD samples (2 bovine PPD and 3 avium PPD) were identified. The bovine PPD had a considerable higher number of proteins comparing to the avium PPD. We identifying a group of 28 proteins present only in bovine PPD and a group of five proteins deleted in M. bovis BCG vaccinal strain. These two groups are of special interest as they can be used in tests with improved specificity, and potentially able to differentiate vaccinated and infected individuals. A mutant BCG strain with the DPPD antigen deleted was constructed. The Mb0092 coding sequence was knocked out by homologous recombination. The 11 sequences flanking the target gene were cloned into a suicide vector. Double crossovers were selected using sacB. The knockout genotype was determined by PCR and by Southern blot. This mutant BCG strain can be useful in animal vaccination as it will not interfere in the tuberculosis diagnostic test, when performed using recombinant DPPD. The results show alternatives for the problems related to the use of M. bovis BCG as a recombinant vaccine. The auxotrophic complementation system was highly stable, efficient and it is suitable for expressing heterologous antigens in BCG. The identification of proteins present in PPD preparations and the mutant BCG obtained provide the possibility for the development of differential diagnostic test, thus allowing the use of BCG as vaccine also in animals.
Mycobacterium bovis BCG tem o potencial para ser um vetor efetivo para vacinas recombinantes multivalentes. No entanto, existem dois problemas quanto a sua utilização como vetor vacinal. O primeiro é a presença de genes que conferem resistência a antibióticos nos vetores utilizados para transformação genética. O segundo é a limitação de uso de BCG em animais, principalmente por comprometer o teste de tuberculina, utilizado como diagnóstico de tuberculose, o qual se baseia em reação de hipersensibilidade ao PPD (Derivado Protéico Purificado). Neste trabalho desenvolvemos e avaliamos a complementação auxotrófica como novo marcador de seleção, fizemos a caracterização das proteínas componentes de amostras de PPD aviário e bovino e desenvolvemos um mutante de BCG por recombinação homóloga. Para o uso de complementação auxotrófica como marcador de seleção, uma cepa de BCG auxotrófica para o aminoácido leucina foi construída por knockout do gene leuD por recombinação homóloga. A expressão do gene leuD em um plasmídio atuou como marcador de seleção nas cepas auxotróficas de M. bovis BCG leuD e M. smegmatis mc2144. A seleção por complementação de BCG auxotrófica se mostrou equivalente à seleção por resistência a antibiótico, com a vantagem adicional de proporcionar maior estabilidade do vetor plasmidial, já que a pressão seletiva é mantida mesmo durante multiplicação da bactéria in vivo. A identificação das proteínas que compõem o PPD foi feita por espectrometria de massa utilizando-se LCMS/ MS (cromatografia líquida associada à espectrometria de massa em tandem). Foram identificadas 147 proteínas entre 5 amostras de PPD (2 PPD bovino e 3 PPD aviário). O PPD bovino teve um número maior de proteínas comparado ao PPD aviário. Foi identificado um grupo de 28 proteínas presentes em PPD bovino, mas ausentes em PPD aviário. Além disso, 5 proteínas encontradas no PPD estão ausentes em M. bovis BCG. Estes são de 9 especial interesse, pois poderão vir a contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um teste de diagnóstico mais específico, e possivelmente capaz de diferenciar indivíduo vacinado com BCG e infectado com o bacilo da tuberculose. Um mutante de M. bovis BCG Pasteur foi construído. O gene Mb0092 (dppd) foi alvo de inativação gênica por recombinação homóloga. Seqüências que flanqueiam o gene alvo foram clonadas em um vetor suicida. Duplo crossover foi selecionado utilizando sacB. O genótipo mutante foi determinado por PCR e por Southern blot. Esta cepa poderá ser utilizada como vacina em animais, quando o diagnóstico for feito com DPPD recombinante. Os resultados obtidos apresentam alternativas para os problemas envolvidos quanto à utilização de M. bovis BCG como vacina recombinante. O sistema de seleção por complementação auxotrófica foi estável, e pode ser empregado na expressão de antígenos heterólogos em BCG. A identificação dos principais componentes protéicos do PPD e o desenvolvimento da cepa mutante de BCG possibilitam o desenvolvimento de testes diagnósticos diferencias, permitindo a utilização de BCG como vacina também em animas.

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Cheng, Zijian. "PPAD, Porphyromonas gingivalis and the subgingival microbiome in periodontitis and autoantibody-positive individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22247/.

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There is an epidemiological association between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The subgingival microbiota may play an important role in the link between the two diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis, which produces a peptidyl-arginine deiminase (PPAD) capable of citrullinating proteins, is considered a key organism inducing the production of antibodies against citrullinated proteins systemically and may initiate the pathogenic autoimmune responses associated with RA. The overall aim of this study was to explore the role of PPAD in P. gingivalis physiology and to better understand the links between P. gingivalis, periodontitis and risk of developing RA. P. gingivalis W83 and the corresponding Δppad mutant were grown in batch and continuous culture, to assess pH regulation, bacterial growth, gene expression and arginine gingipain (Rgp) and dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP) activities. In a collaborative clinical study, the shotgun metagenomic approach was used to observe subgingival microbial profiles in individuals with and without periodontitis, with and without RA, and in those with autoantibodies against citrullinated peptides (CCP) at risk of developing RA. Based on in vitro studies, PPAD may citrullinate Rgp and DPP11, impair their activities and subsequently affect the alkali-promoting activity of P. gingivalis. Furthermore, both environmental pH and PPAD deficiency were able to regulate P. gingivalis gene expression, promoting adaptation to environmental changes and facilitating bacterial growth. In the clinical study, periodontitis occurred more often in anti-CCP positive at-risk individuals than in healthy controls and the subgingival microbiomes of those individuals were perturbed, indicating that periodontitis and related microbial dysbiosis precede the onset of RA. P. gingivalis and its PPAD in established periodontitis conditions may play an important role in the initiation of RA. Moreover, PAD or PAD-like enzymes present in bacterial species other than P. gingivalis, e.g. Prevotella spp. exhibited some citrullination activity in vitro in a similar manner to PPAD.

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Jones, Huw. "The origins of diversity at the Ppd-H1 locus among of European barley landraces." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503045.

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Brandani, Pietro. "Adsorption and desorption phenomena of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer systems on model surfaces /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Palácio, Gustavo. "Conducteurs ioniques transparents et matériaux fluorescents à base de mélanges hybrides PEO/PPO-Siloxane." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC075/document.

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Ce travail de thèse présente une méthode de synthèse par le procédé sol-gel pour la préparation de matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques (OIH) basés sur le mélange de deux polyéthers différents, le poly (oxyde d´éthylène) (PEO) et le poly (oxyde de propylène) (PPO) liées de façon covalente avec l´agent de réticulation ureasil (U). Dû aux différents sites actifs présents dans la structure du matériau OIH, plusieurs cations métalliques peuvent être introduits dans la matrice hybride par complexation soit avec l´oxygène de type éther, soit avec l´oxygène du type carbonyle. Suite à ce constat, différentes matrices hybrides ont été synthétisées en introduisant des ions Eu3+ ou Li+ afin de conférer aux matériaux des propriétés optiques ou électriques. La compréhension des propriétés structurales et thermiques des différents polymères, l´ajout de différents cations Eu3+/Li+, et l'effet du plastifiant (PPO2000) dans la mélange hybride U-xPEO1900:/U-1-xPPO2000 (ratio de PPO2000 dans la mélange, x = 0.2, 0.5 et 0.8), ont été étudiés par DSC et SAXS. Les résultats de DSC ont révélé une unique température de transition vitreuse (Tg) pour tous les matériaux étudiés. L´ajout des ions Eu3+ dans le matrice n´a pas causé de variations dans les valeurs de Tg tandis que l´insertion de cations Li+ a provoqué une augmentation dans les valeurs de Tg, indiquant l´existence d’interactions entre les cations Li+ et la phase polymérique du matériau OIH. Les courbes de calorimètrie de l´U-PEO1900 ont aussi révélé la présence d´une pic endothermique à 25 °C, associé à la fusion des domaines cristallins du PEO1900. La présence d´un deuxième maximum dans les courbes de diffusion des rayons X à petits angles (SAXS) a confirmé l’existence de la structure semi-cristalline du PEO1900 dans une région de température entre -100 °C < T < Tf. Tous les échantillons, non-dopés et dopés avec les ions Li+ et Eu3+, ont montré un pic de corrélation indiquant que la nano-structure de la matrice hybride n´est pas affecté par le dopage avec les cations métalliques. Les études par Spectroscopie Infrarouge à Transformée de Fourier (FTIR) et par spectroscopie Raman ont confirmé l´interaction des ions Eu3+ avec l´oxygène du type carbonyle présent dans les groupes urées de la matrice hybride, et des ions Li+ avec l´oxygène du type éther. La photodégradation accélérée a révélé une perte des performances de la photo-luminescence (PL) associée à des changements dans la coordination des ions Eu3+ avec la matrice hybride. La photodégradation induit la formation de photo-produits venant de la β-scission du macroradical formé dans la portion organique de la matrice hybride. La β-scission peut-être responsable pour la diminution de la PL du matériau dû la perte de l´efficacité de l´effet antenne du ligand organique pour le centre luminescent. La transition dans la région visible du rouge vers le bleu avec la photodégradation qualifie ces matériaux de bons candidats pour l'application comme capteurs et marqueurs optiques. La conduction ionique des matrices hybrides dopés avec Li+ a été évaluée par Spectroscopie d´Impédance en fonction de la température et les résultats ont révélé des corrélations entre la superstructure lamellaire du PEO1900 et le mécanisme de conduction. L´addition d´un plastifiant, le PPO2000, a permis l´augmentation de la conductivité ionique dans une région de température entre -100 °C < T < 10 °C dû à l´augmentation de la portion amorphe utilisée comme chemin de transport ionique efficace dans le mélange polymère hybride U-xPEO1900/U-1-xPPO2000
In this PhD thesis a greener synthesis route via sol-gel reactions aiming to prepare multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid (OIH) materials based on blending of two polyether amine end chains (i.e., Jeffamine® compounds) Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and Poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) covalently bonded with an ureasil cross-linking agent (U) is reported. Due to the different polar oxygen sites present in this OIH material, several metallic cations can to be introduced into the OIH matrix via ether- or carbonyl-type oxygen. So, different OIH matrices containing Eu3+ or Li+ cations were synthetized to evaluate their potential as photoluminescent or ionic conductor material, respectively. The thermal and structural characteristics of the Eu3+ or Li+ – loaded OIH materials, as well as the plasticizer effect of PPO2000 at the U-xPPO2000:/U-1-xPEO1900, (PPO2000 fraction x = 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8) blends, were carried out by DSC and SAXS. DSC results revealed a unique glass transition temperature (Tg) for all the studied OIH materials. The addition of Eu3+ cations do not change the Tg values while the Li+ cations caused an increase in the values of Tg, due to the Li+ interaction with the polymeric phase of the material. The U-PEO1900 calorimetric curves also showed the presence of an endothermic peak at 25 °C associated to the fusion of the crystalline domains of PEO1900. The second maxima observed in the curves of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) confirmed the presence of the crystalline structure of PEO1900 in a temperature range of -100 < T < Tf. All the samples, undoped and Li+ or Eu3+ doped ones, showed a correlation peak indicating that the OIH nano-structure is not affected by the metallic cations doping. Analysis carried out by Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy confirmed the Eu3+ cations interaction via the oxygen carbonyl-type present in the urea groups of the hybrid matrix, and that of Li+ cations with the oxygen ether-type. The accelerate photo-degradation revealed a loss of the photo-luminescence (PL) efficiency due to the changes in the Eu3+ cations coordination with the hybrid matrix. The photo-degradation induces the formation of photo-products from the macro-radical β-scission formed in the organic fraction of the hybrid matrix. The β-scission can be responsible for the material PL decrease due to the drop in the antenna effect from organic ligand to luminescent center. The visible emission transition from red → blue with the photo-degradation qualify these materials as good candidates to be applied as sensors and optical markers. The ionic conduction of the Li+-loaded hybrid matrices was investigated by Impedance Spectroscopy as a function of the temperature. Results showed a correlation between the lamellar superstructure of the PEO1900 and the conducting process. The plasticizers addition (PPO2000) alloyed to improve the value of the ionic conductivity in the low temperature range, -100 °C < T < 10 °C due to the increase of the amorphous fraction used as effective ionic transport pathway in the U-xPEO1900/U-1-xPPO2000 polymeric hybrid blend

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Fathoni, Ahmad. "The role of interconversion of scopoletin and scopolin in cassava postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD)." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760949.

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The rapid postharvest deterioration of the roots, known as postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD), has been a major problem to the utilisation and development of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as a food and industrial crop. PPD usually occurs within two to three days after harvest and it is characterised by a blue-black discoloration of the roots, which renders the roots unpalatable and unmarketable. Scopoletin, which is synthesised de novo and released from its glucoside, scopolin, during PPD, plays a central role in this discoloration response. Interconversion of scopoletin and scopolin, which is catalysed by scopoletin-glucosyltransferase (scopoletin-GT) and scopolin-beta-glucosidase (scopolin-BG), regulates homeostasis of scopoletin in the cells. However, how this interconversion contributes to root discoloration development is poorly understood. In the present study, we identified and characterised cassava genes for the enzymes that are responsible for the interconversion of scopoletin and scopolin, subsequently manipulated their expression in transgenic cassava through scopoletin-GT RNAi gene silencing and scopolin-BG overexpression constructs. These approaches would potentially alter scopoletin and scopolin content in the root, thereby affecting PPD response. A BLAST search for homologous cassava genes revealed that scopoletin-GT and scopolin-BG are encoded by multiple genes, most of which belong to glucosyltransferase family-1 (GT1) and glycosyl hydrolase family-1 (GH1), respectively. Scopoletin-GT-down-regulated and scopolin-BG overexpressed transgenic cassava lines showed reduced not only scopolin but surprisingly also scopoletin, and delayed PPD. Additionally, other coumarins esculetin and esculin were also identified and both scopoletin-GT, MeSGT1, and scopolin-BG, BGLU23, were up-regulated during PPD development at day 4 and day 2, respectively. Our study reveals that disrupting the interconversion of scopoletin and scopolin by inhibiting scopoletin-GT and overexpressing scopolin-BG led to the decrease of both scopoletin and scopolin content and delayed PPD in cassava. These findings provide useful insights into the role of interconversion of scopoletin and scopolin in cassava PPD response and may suggest alternative ways to tackle PPD.

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Rumpa, Mafia Mahabub. "EFFECT OF PPO-INHIBITING HERBICIDES ON MALE-TO-FEMALE SEX RATIO OF AMARANTHUS PALMERI." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2259.

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TITLE: EFFECT OF PPO-INHIBITING HERBICIDES ON MALE-TO-FEMALE SEX RATIO OF AMARANTHUS PALMERI Background: Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. (Palmer amaranth) is a dicotyledonous, dioecious species having separate male and female plants that forces outcrossing, ensures genetic diversity, and is recognized as one of the most noxious, invasive agricultural weed pests in the Mid-West. It can be characterized by extended emergence periodicity, aggressive growth habit, high fecundity, and high water use efficiency as well as high competitive ability. Fisher (1930) predicted 1: 1 primary sex ratios after the period of parental investment, but initial field studies indicated that A. palmeri populations were female-biased, departing from the expected 1:1 sex ratio. Therefore, managing population sex ratios would be an important consideration for controlling A. palmeri populations, as this species has become resistant to several herbicide modes of action. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the male-to-female sex ratio of Amaranthus palmeri following exposure to PPO-inhibiting herbicides, to gain a better understanding of potential effects of herbicide application on the population sex ratio. Methods: A greenhouse experiment and a two-year field experiment were conducted at the Horticultural Research Center, Southern Illinois University Carbondale in spring 2016 and Collinsville, Illinois in the summer season of 2015 and 2016, respectively. The greenhouse experiment was conducted by applying two protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicide treatments of either lactofen (Cobra) or fomesafen (Flexstar) on four different Illinois populations (Cahokia, Collinsville, Rend Lake, and Massac). The field experiment was conducted for two years in a soybean field throughout the growing season of 2015 and 2016 in Collinsville, Illinois, USA. This study included 12 pre- and post-emergence PPO-inhibiting herbicide treatments of 10 herbicides with 3 replicates to investigate the variation among sex ratios by treatment. Results: For the greenhouse experiment, depending on the population, herbicide treatments expressed a male-to-female sex ratio of either 1:1 or male-biased in contrast to the female-biased field observations. This study also suggested that these PPO-inhibiting herbicide treatments may have an influence on the growth and sex ratio of A. palmeri populations. The field experiment indicated that A. palmeri populations have a female-biased sex ratio in untreated controls. The pre-emergence application of sulfentrazone (Spartan) at rates of 226.8 to 340.19 g a.i./ha provided the highest control efficacy, as compared to other treatments. Post-emergence-only applications provided limited control over the population. Fomesafen (Flexstar) was the only PPO-inhibiting herbicide which led to a male-based population in both years. In the future, and with increased understanding of the mechanism behind sex expression in A. palmeri, knowledge of plant-environment relationships such as these could provide an opportunity to reduce seed production in populations by favoring the production of males.

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Torres, Salas Juan Carlos. "Comportamiento del PPD en niños con diagnóstico de tuberculosis BK positivo. Servicio Neumología - INSN." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16142.

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Describe el comportamiento del PPD en pacientes diagnosticados de TBC pulmonar, su reactividad en relación a la baciloscopía. Es un estudio descriptivo de cohorte transversal. Se revisó las fichas de seguimiento de todos los pacientes diagnosticados de TBC Pulmonar durante los años 2009 - 2010 en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima – Perú. Los datos recolectados se analizaron por el sistema SPSS V15.0. Se encontraron 209 casos (56% fueron varones), clasificados por grupos etáreos: 6.7% (menor 1 año), 27.3% (1 a 4 años), 24.9% (5 a 9 años) y 41.1% (mayores de 10 años. Los casos más frecuentes provinieron de los distritos de Lima Este (22%), Centro (22%) y Sur (20%). Predominó la TBC Pulmonar Activo evolutiva (87.6%) sobre las otras formas. La positividad de las baciloscopías fue del 22%, el grupo mayor a 10 años presentó mayor frecuencia de baciloscopías positivas (41%). La positividad al PPD se observó en el 78% de los casos estudiados y existió contacto bacilífero conocido en un 45% del total. No se observó que una mayor medida del PPD se relacione a mayor posibilidad de encontrar una baciloscopía positiva. Además, los pacientes mayores de 10 años reaccionaron más al PPD que los otros grupos. La prueba de Tuberculina (PPD) es una herramienta útil en el enfoque diagnóstico de la TBC en niños, su mayor medida no se relaciona a una mayor frecuencia de baciloscopías positivas, y está relacionada a una mejor respuesta inmune frente al MBT.

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41

Eguale, Tewodros. "The role of candidate genes in purified protein derivative (PPD) responsiveness in pediatric tuberculosis patients /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81330.

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Background. Tuberculin skin testing is an important tool for diagnosis and control of tuberculosis. The role of host genetics in responsiveness of pediatric tuberculosis patients to purified protein derivatives (PPD) has rarely been investigated.
Objective. To determine the impact of the candidate genes - Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (NRAMP1), Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and Interleukin 4 Receptor (IL4R) with other covariates on PPD reaction size in pediatric tuberculosis patients.
Methods. A family-based association study was conducted using eighty-three parent-child trios from a database of tuberculosis patients and their families from Texas, USA.
Results. Marker IL4Rrs1805010_GA was in linkage disequilibrium with PPD size (R2 = 16%; p = 0.0017). PPD size was a predictor of transmission of allele 1 ("G") of IL4Rrs1805010_GA with an OR (95% CI) of 1.9 (1.16, 3.14) per five millimeter average increase in PPD size adjusted for age of diagnosis.
Conclusions. This thesis provides evidence for the role of host genetics in PPD responsiveness in pediatric tuberculosis patients.

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42

Lima, Eliza Dorotea Pozzobon de Albuquerque. "Purificação e caracterização bioquimica da polifenoloxidase (PPO)em fruto da anonacea Pinha (Annona squamosa L.)." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256694.

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Orientador: Glaucia Maria Pastore
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T19:30:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_ElizaDoroteaPozzobondeAlbuquerque_D.pdf: 57915538 bytes, checksum: 3c543128fbf0e392d639a6b5a370ecc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999
Resumo: As enzimas polifenoloxidases (PPO) são amplamente distribuídas na natureza, sendo primeiramente relacionadas com o escurecimento enzimático dos vegetais "in natura", ocasionando perda da cor dos produtos de frutas e hortaliças processados e ou congelados, diminuição do valor nutricional, modificando as propriedades organolépticas, resultando na maioria dos casos em produtos com aparência ruim, os quais são rejeitados pelos consumidores. Por outro lado, a PPO tem papel importante no desenvolvimento do sabor e cor dos alimentos como por exemplo do chá preto, diminuição do amargor e adstringência dos produtos do cacau e formação de aldeídos de aminoácidos. o objetivo do presente trabalho foi extrair, purificar e estudar as características bioquímicas da PPO (EC 1.10.3.2) de polpas de pinhas maduras (Annona squamosa L.), com a finalidade de obter informações necessárias à sua conservação com melhor qualidade organoléptica, bem como estudar a utilização da enzima no processamento de alimentos. O pH ótimo de atividade encontrado para a PPO parcialmente purificada foi 6,5 e para a enzima purificada 7,0, com pH de estabilidade entre 6,5 e 7,5. A temperatura ótima de atividade para a enzima parcialmente purificada e purificada foi 20°C. A enzima purificada apresentou rápida inativação em temperaturas acima de 50°C, quando incubada por 30 minutos, utilizando catecol como substrato. A PPO foi purificada 411 (Fração I) e 118 (Fração TI) vezes após cromatografia em coluna de troca iódica em DEAE-Toyopearl650M e 566 vezes em coluna de Toyopearl HW 5 5F. A enzima da fração mais ativa foi caracterizada bioquimicamente. A atividade enzimática, tanto da PPO parcialmente purificada como purificada, foi fortemente inibida pelos reagentes químicos glutationa, (3mercaptoetanol, L-cisteína, ácido ascórbico e metabissulfito de sódio e com menor intensidade para KCN e tiouréia nas concentrações de 1,5, 5,0 e 10,0 mM em relação ao volume final da mistura de reação, na temperatura de 20°C. Pouca inibição foi constatada com KCI, NaCI, ácido cítrico e EDTA nestas mesmas concentrações. No estudo comparativo entre tratamentos de inibição da PPO parcialmente purificada e purificada com concentrações de acordo com as permitidas pela legislação, o tratamento com ácido ascórbico 10mM e temperatura de 70°C durante dois minutos foi muito eficaz e adequado para substituir o uso de sulfitos. As enzimas parcialmente purificada e purificada utilizaram os ortodifenóis como substrato, não sendo detectado nenhum nível de atividade para monofenóis. Quanto aos parâmetros cinéticos, a enzima purificada apresentou valores de Km e). Vmax de 7,14 mM e 302,0 unidades/min/ml para catecol e 25,0 mM e 180,2 unidades/min/ml para L-dopa respectivamente, substratos que demonstraram maior especificidade. O peso molecular foi estimado em 90.000 daltons através de filtração em gel Sephadex G-200 e ao redor de 79.000 a 84.000 daltons através de SDS-PAGE. O teor de cobre da enzima purificada encontrado foi de llpprn/peso da amostra liofilizada. Quanto à composição de aminoácidos, a PPO apresentou maiores teores de ácido aspártico, ácido glutâmico e lisina e menores teores de metionina, arginina e tirosina, com ausência de cisteína. As enzimas parcialmente purificada e purificada apresentaram-se bastante estáveis quando armazenadas durante o período de 6 meses a -10°C
Abstract: Polyphenoloxidases (PPO) are widely distributed in nature, being first1y related to the enzymatic browning of vegetables "in natura", causing a loss of color in fruit products and processed or frozen vegetables, decrease in nutritional value and modification of the organoleptic properties, resulting in products with bad appearance, which are rejected by the consumers. On the other hand, PPO has an important role in the flavor and color of black tea, in the decrease of bittemess and astringency of cocoa products and in the formation of aldehydes from amino acids. The objective of the present work was to extract, purifyand study the biochemical characteristics ofthe PPO (EC 1.10.3.2) ofripe custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) pulps, with the purpose of obtaining the necessary information for the conservation of fruits pulps with better organoleptic properties, as well as to study the use of the enzyme in food processing. The optimum pH for activity of the partially purified PPO was 6.5 and for the purified enzyme 7.0, with pH stability between 6.5 and 7.5. The optimum temperature for activity of the partially purified and purified enzyme was 20°C. The purified enzyme showed fast inactivation at temperatures above 50°C, when incubated for 30 minutes with catechol substrate. PPO was purified 411 (Fraction I) and 118 (Fraction II) fold in an ion exchange column of DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, and 566 fold in a gel column of Toyopearl HW 55F. The enzyme of the most active fraction was characterized biochemically. The enzymatic activity of both the partially purified and purified PPO was strongly inhibited by the following reagents at concentrations of 1.5, 5.0 and 10. O mM with respect to the final volume of the reaction mixture, at a temperature of 20°C: glutathione, l3-mercaptoethanol, L-cysteine, ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite, and to a lesser extent by KCN and thiourea. Little inhibition was verified by KCI, NaCI, citric acid and EDTA. In a comparative study amongst the inhibition treatments for the partially purified and purified PPO, with concentrations in accordance with the limits permitted by the legislation, the treatment with 10mM ascorbic acid + temperature of 70°C for two minutes was effective and adequate to substitute the use of S02. The partially purified and purified enzyme used the 0diphenols as substrates and no activity towards monophenols was detected. With respect to the kinetic parameters, the purified enzyme presented values for Km and Vmax of 7.14 mM and 302.0 units/min/ml for catechol and 25.0 mM and 180.2 units/min/ml for L-dopa respectively, substrates which demonstrated greater specificity. The molecular weight was estimated as 90.000 daltons using gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and about 79.000 to 84.000 daltons on SDS-PAGE. In the analysis of copper, the purified enzyme gave a value of l1ppm by weight ofthe liofilized sample. The amino acid composition of the custard apple fruit PPO, presented greater amounts of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine and smaller amounts of methionine, arginine and tyrosine, with an absence of cysteine. Partially purified and purified PPO was stable during the period of 6 months of storage at -10°C
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

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43

Mastro, Laurel M. "THE EFFECT OF PITUITARY PARS INTERMEDIA DYSFUNCTION ON PROTEIN METABOLISM AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN AGED HORSES." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/31.

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Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) typically occurs in horses older than 15 years of age and is characterized by hair coat abnormalities, muscle atrophy and decreased insulin sensitivity. The first objective of this research was to compare the rate of whole body protein metabolism and relative abundance of key factors in the signaling pathways associated with muscle protein synthesis and protein breakdown in response to feeding in Control and PPID horses. No differences (P > 0.05) were seen between the PPID and Control groups in whole-body protein metabolism or post-prandial activation of the muscle signaling pathways regulating skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. The second objective of this research was to determine if aged horses with PPID had reduced insulin sensitivity and alterations in the insulin-mediated signaling pathways in the skeletal muscle when compared to non-PPID, aged Control horses. Measures of insulin sensitivity and the activation of factors associated with protein synthesis and breakdown were similar between the PPID and Control groups (P > 0.05). Overall, insulin sensitivity and protein metabolism are similar between the PPID and Control groups. The studies suggest that abnormalities may exist as a function of advanced age rather than PPID status directly.

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Liu, Shi. "The role of scopoletin in cassava post-harvest physiological deterioration." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715271.

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important tropical crop which provides a large portion of daily calories intake to hundreds of millions of people in Africa, Latin America, and tropical Asia. Cassava is grown for its starchy storage roots as staple food, as animal feed, and as industrial raw material. The utilisation of cassava is hindered by its characteristic physiological response, the post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD). The inevitable wounding caused during harvesting and handling will trigger a series of physiological responses within 24 to 48 hours, which causes a blue-black discoloration in the storage roots, rendering these roots unmarketable and unpalatable in a few days. During the PPD response large amount of phenylpropanoid compounds, especially scopoletin and its glycoside, accumulate in the roots. Scopoletin may play an important role in PPD development but little work has been done on the possible relationship. Here we aim to examine the effects of altering scopoletin synthesis in cassava roots on the PPD response. In Arabidopsis thaliana, gene F6’H1 (feruloul CoA 6’-hydroxylase 1) is indispensable in the biosynthesis of scopoletin. Cassava F6’H1 candidate gene family involved in scopoletin synthesis were identified by their ability to functionally complement F6’H1 T-DNA insertion mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana that prevented synthesis of scopoletin. RNAi constructs targeting the identified cassava F6’H1 candidate gene family were designed, under the control of either constitutive CaMV 35S or root-specific StPAT promoters. These were used to transform wild-type cassava to down-regulate the expression of these scopoletin synthetic genes in F6’H1 gene family. The inhibition of cassava F6’H1 candidate gene expression and thus the scopoletin synthesis in transgenic cassava roots were confirmed by qRT-PCR and LC-MS, respectively. The RNAi transgenic cassava lines show less scopoletin accumulation and inhibited F6’H1 candidate genes expression during the PPD response. A reduced PPD discoloration development compared to that of the wild-type was also observed in the RNAi transgenic cassava lines.

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Ford, Megan E. "Preference for Internet Therapy versus Traditional Therapy to Treat Postpartum Depression." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4626.

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A growing body of research has emerged about effective treatments for postpartum depression, specifically how the internet could become a pivotal and vital option for women with postpartum symptoms. With that in mind, the purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate whether women suffering from postpartum depression preferred traditional therapy treatment or internet therapy treatment. The nonexperimental survey design was used to assess differences between groups related to stigma, satisfaction with treatment, and perceived quality of treatment received. Data collected from a sample of 78 adult females, who had previously received postpartum depression therapy treatment, indicated there was no difference experienced between the treatment modalities. Results were calculated using an independent sample t-test, noninferiority design, and it was determined that participants perceived no difference in their experience of stigma, treatment satisfaction, and perception of credibility and quality between the two therapy modalities. This study adds to the growing body of literature that suggests internet therapy may be a viable option for some women. The results encourage positive social change in that psychologists may advance clinical practice through incorporating technology into their treatment plans, thereby benefiting women who suffer from this condition and who may not be able to readily access a therapist's office on a weekly basis.

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Blake, Hunter B. "Avoiding Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicide Selection Pressure on Common Ragweed and Palmer amaranth in Soybean." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87390.

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Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) can cause detrimental soybean yield loss. Due to widespread resistance to glyphosate and ALS-inhibiting herbicides, growers rely on protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibiting herbicides (PPO) such as flumioxazin applied preemergence (PRE) and fomesafen postemergence (POST) to control both weeds. Experiments were conducted with the overarching goal of reducing PPO selection pressure for Palmer amaranth and common ragweed. Flumioxazin alone PRE controlled Palmer amaranth near 100%. However, sulfentrazone combined with pyroxasulfone or pendimethalin provided similar control to flumioxazin. Acetochlor and linuron controlled common ragweed <74%, yet controlled Palmer amaranth >96%. Glufosinate applied POST controlled Palmer amaranth and common ragweed 74-100%, regardless of PRE treatment. Flumioxazin PRE followed by fomesafen POST controlled common ragweed well; however, several non-PPO herbicide treatments or programs with only 1 PPO-inhibiting herbicide provided similar common ragweed control as the 2 PPO system (flumioxazin followed by fomesafen). Treatments consisting of a PRE and POST herbicide controlled Palmer amaranth at least 80% and common ragweed 95%. To reduce PPO selection pressure, soybean producers growing glufosinate-resistant soybean may use flumioxazin PRE followed by glufosinate POST whereas non-glufosinate-resistant soybean growers should reduce PPO herbicide use by using a non-PPO herbicide PRE. Alternatively, these producers can effectively reduce PPO selection pressure by implementing residual combinations of a PPO-inhibiting herbicide + non-PPO with spectrums of weed control that overlap at either Palmer amaranth or common ragweed.
Master of Science in Life Sciences
Soybean producers planted 35.4 million hectares in the US during 2018. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) are both common and problematic in soybean production. The introduction of a glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivars coupled with glyphosate allowed soybean producers to easily control these weeds along with many other broadleaf and grass weeds. However, over reliance on glyphosate selected for biotypes of common ragweed and Palmer amaranth resistant to the herbicide. In response, soybean producers have reverted to preemergence (PRE) herbicides and alternative modes of action postemergence (POST) to control these herbicide-resistant weeds. One such herbicide mode of action is inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO). Flumioxazin and fomesafen are both PPO-inhibiting herbicides and have been widely used in soybean, however increasing reliance on PPOs has selected for resistant common ragweed and Palmer amaranth biotypes. This research focused on reducing risk of PPO-inhibiting herbicide resistance development (“selection pressure”) by finding alternatives to or combinations with PPOinhibiting herbicides that would effectively control both weeds and thus preserve effectiveness of a valuable herbicide group. Of PRE herbicides applied alone, flumioxazin was the only treatment to control Palmer amaranth >79% 14 DA-PRE at Painter 2017. However, combination of PRE herbicides such as sulfentrazone or metribuzin in combination with pyroxasulfone, and pendimethalin + sulfentrazone, all controlled Palmer amaranth well. While metribuzin and pendimethalin alone did not provide as much control, a POST application of glufosinate coupled with these residual herbicides adequately controlled Palmer amaranth. Soybean producers can effectively control Palmer amaranth with a non-PPO PRE herbicide followed by glufosinate postemergence (POST) or residual combinations of a PPO + non-PPO while reducing risk of herbicide resistance development. Several PRE herbicide treatments adequately controlled common ragweed. During 2017, residual herbicides that controlled common ragweed at least 90% included flumioxazin, flumioxazin + clomazone, linuron, or metribuzin, fomesafen + linuron, and linuron + clomazone. All treatments controlled common ragweed greater than 94% during 2018, except metribuzin, linuron, and clomazone, which controlled the weed 75, 86, and 90%, respectively. Fomesafen alone or in combination with metribuzin controlled common ragweed 80 to 84%. Regardless of PRE, glufosinate POST controlled common ragweed 99% 56 and 70 days after planting (DAP). In fields infested with common ragweed yet to develop PPO resistance, growers should use a non-PPO herbicide in combination with flumioxazin PRE. Additionally, tank mixtures of effective MOAs PRE followed by glufosinate rather than a PPO POST may reduce herbicide selection pressure. The final study set out to determine which was more critical to controlling herbicideresistant Palmer amaranth and common ragweed in soybean, a PPO-inhibiting herbicide applied PRE or POST. Flumioxazin applied PRE controlled both weeds almost completely. Acetochlor and linuron did not control common ragweed as well, but controlled Palmer amaranth >96%. Both metribuzin and clomazone were weaker on common ragweed and Palmer amaranth. However, all PRE herbicide treatments followed by glufosinate or fomesafen controlled Palmer amaranth and common ragweed at least 80 and 95%, respectively. To reduce PPO selection pressure, soybean producers growing glufosinate-resistant soybean may use flumioxazin PRE followed by glufosinate POST whereas non-glufosinate-resistant growers should reduce PPO herbicide use by using a non-PPO herbicide PRE. Alternatively, these producers can effectively reduce PPO selection pressure by implementing residual combinations of a PPO-inhibiting herbicide + non-PPO with spectrums of weed control that overlap at either Palmer amaranth or common ragweed. Results from these experiments suggest PPO-inhibiting herbicides are critical for common ragweed and Palmer amaranth control. Previous research has shown effective tank mixtures with various effective MOAs has reduced the risk of herbicide resistance development. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase herbicides should be used sparingly and in combination with effective non-PPO herbicides to reduce selection pressure.
Soybean producers planted 35.4 million hectares in the US during 2018. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) are both common and problematic in soybean production. The introduction of a glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivars coupled with glyphosate allowed soybean producers to easily control these weeds along with many other broadleaf and grass weeds. However, over reliance on glyphosate selected for biotypes of common ragweed and Palmer amaranth resistant to the herbicide. In response, soybean producers have reverted to preemergence (PRE) herbicides and alternative modes of action postemergence (POST) to control these herbicide-resistant weeds. One such herbicide mode of action is inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO). Flumioxazin and fomesafen are both PPO-inhibiting herbicides and have been widely used in soybean, however increasing reliance on PPOs has selected for resistant common ragweed and Palmer amaranth biotypes. This research focused on reducing risk of PPO-inhibiting herbicide resistance development (“selection pressure”) by finding alternatives to or combinations with PPOinhibiting herbicides that would effectively control both weeds and thus preserve effectiveness of a valuable herbicide group. Of PRE herbicides applied alone, flumioxazin was the only treatment to control Palmer amaranth >79% 14 DA-PRE at Painter 2017. However, combination of PRE herbicides such as sulfentrazone or metribuzin in combination with pyroxasulfone, and pendimethalin + sulfentrazone, all controlled Palmer amaranth well. While metribuzin and pendimethalin alone did not provide as much control, a POST application of glufosinate coupled with these residual herbicides adequately controlled Palmer amaranth. Soybean producers can effectively control Palmer amaranth with a non-PPO PRE herbicide followed by glufosinate postemergence (POST) or residual combinations of a PPO + non-PPO while reducing risk of herbicide resistance development. Several PRE herbicide treatments adequately controlled common ragweed. During 2017, residual herbicides that controlled common ragweed at least 90% included flumioxazin, flumioxazin + clomazone, linuron, or metribuzin, fomesafen + linuron, and linuron + clomazone. All treatments controlled common ragweed greater than 94% during 2018, except metribuzin, linuron, and clomazone, which controlled the weed 75, 86, and 90%, respectively. Fomesafen alone or in combination with metribuzin controlled common ragweed 80 to 84%. Regardless of PRE, glufosinate POST controlled common ragweed 99% 56 and 70 days after planting (DAP). In fields infested with common ragweed yet to develop PPO resistance, growers should use a non-PPO herbicide in combination with flumioxazin PRE. Additionally, tank mixtures of effective MOAs PRE followed by glufosinate rather than a PPO POST may reduce herbicide selection pressure. The final study set out to determine which was more critical to controlling herbicideresistant Palmer amaranth and common ragweed in soybean, a PPO-inhibiting herbicide applied PRE or POST. Flumioxazin applied PRE controlled both weeds almost completely. Acetochlor and linuron did not control common ragweed as well, but controlled Palmer amaranth >96%. Both metribuzin and clomazone were weaker on common ragweed and Palmer amaranth. However, all PRE herbicide treatments followed by glufosinate or fomesafen controlled Palmer amaranth and common ragweed at least 80 and 95%, respectively. To reduce PPO selection pressure, soybean producers growing glufosinate-resistant soybean may use flumioxazin PRE followed by glufosinate POST whereas non-glufosinate-resistant growers should reduce PPO herbicide use by using a non-PPO herbicide PRE. Alternatively, these producers can effectively reduce PPO selection pressure by implementing residual combinations of a PPO-inhibiting herbicide + non-PPO with spectrums of weed control that overlap at either Palmer amaranth or common ragweed. Results from these experiments suggest PPO-inhibiting herbicides are critical for common ragweed and Palmer amaranth control. Previous research has shown effective tank mixtures with various effective MOAs has reduced the risk of herbicide resistance development. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase herbicides should be used sparingly and in combination with effective non-PPO herbicides to reduce selection pressure.

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47

Bueno, Dulce Pugliese de Godoy. "Emergence and multiplication of a new organizational form : a study of the population of PPOs in the U.S., 1954-1998 /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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48

Rolfsen, Andréia Bevilacqua. "Elaboração e avaliação de um programa de intervenção psicopedagógico para orientação de pais de crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem PPOP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2994.

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Admission at the elementary school is an important moment in the process of education. Literature has shown that to guide the family in this process, using resources from the family environment, may be fundamental in preventing school problems. In that context, this work implemented and evaluated a proposal of intervention in the form of a Programa Psicopedagógico de Orientação a Pais (PPOP) - Psychopedagogical Program of Parents Orientation -, for the parents and relatives responsible for children with learning disabilities included in the early years of elementary grades of regular public school and were attended by the itinerant service of special education, in order to provide strategies for monitoring and stimulation of their children in that stage of education. The study was developed as the ethical aspects of researches that involve human beings. The first stage of the research (Program s elaboration) tested the PPOP and the instruments in an experimental situation, whose analysis showed that the Program was able to be implemented on a larger scale and was satisfactory as the form and content, from the reports of the participants. The used instruments also were sensitive to the demand for collection. On the second stage, the implementation of the Program, participated in this research eleven parents of students who were on the early years at public elementary school and their respective children, which composed two groups experimental and control). It is relevant to mention that the content approached in the program is based on the book Como ajudar seu filho na escola ( How to help your child in school ). Besides the PPOP, the instruments used to collect data were: Home Environment Resources Scale - HERS, Roadmap, interviews with parents, Brazil s Criterion of Economic Classification, School Achievement Test, Roadmap " Situations and the Evaluation Questionnaire Course. The evaluation of the program found the effectiveness of it, from the assessment of all the steps and comparison of results of pre - and post-tests. The results allowed to assert the need for continuation of activities of that nature. The results allowed to assert the need for continuation of activities of that nature. The results showed: a) interest of mothers receive support in situations where information about the "do not know how to deal with the child" b) an increase in the repertoire of mothers of educational practices appropriate c) implementation of positive strategies on a daily basis with the children in the short term; d) the relevance of programs of this nature with parents of children with learning disability. In future studies it is suggested investment in training of ducators to use the POPP and development of strategies that extend the benefits of the program to more families.
O ingresso no Ensino Fundamental constitui um momento importante no processo de escolarização. A literatura tem revelado que orientar a família em tal processo, a partir de recursos do ambiente familiar, pode ser fundamental na prevenção de dificuldades escolares. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo elaborar, implementar e avaliar uma proposta de intervenção na modalidade de um Programa Psicopedagógico de Orientação a Pais (PPOP), dirigido a pais e familiares responsáveis por crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem, incluídas nos primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental de escola pública regular e que eram atendidas pelo serviço itinerante de educação especial. Buscou-se prover estratégias para os pais acompanharem e estimularem seus filhos nessa etapa do ensino. O estudo foi desenvolvido conforme os aspectos éticos de pesquisas que envolvem seres humanos. Na primeira etapa da pesquisa elaboração do PPOP) testou-se o Programa e os instrumentos em situação experimental, cujas análises demonstraram que estes estavam aptos a serem implementados em maior escala, pois se mostraram satisfatórios quanto à forma e conteúdo. Na segunda etapa, (implementação do Programa), participaram da pesquisa onze pais de alunos do 1º ao 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental de escola pública regular de uma cidade de médio porte do interior do estado de São Paulo e seus respectivos filhos, os quais compuseram dois Grupos (experimental e controle). Cumpre destacar que o conteúdo abordado no Programa tem como base a obra Como ajudar seu filho na escola . Além do PPOP, os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram: Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar-(RAF), Roteiro de entrevista com os pais, Dados Pessoais e Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil (CCEB), Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE), Roteiro de Entrevista Situações e Questionário de Avaliação do Programa. Para avaliar a eficácia do Programa foi realizada a avaliação de todas as etapas e ainda a comparação de resultados de pré e pós-testes. Os resultados evidenciaram: a) interesse das mães em receber suporte informativo acerca das situações onde não sabem como lidar com a criança ; b) um aumento no repertório das mães de práticas educativas adequadas; c) implementação de estratégias positivas no dia-a-dia com as crianças, a curto prazo; d) a pertinência de programas desta mesma natureza com pais de crianças com dificuldade de aprendizagem. Para futuros estudos sugere-se o investimento na formação de educadores para uso do POPP e o desenvolvimento de estratégias que estendam os benefícios do Programa para um número maior de famílias.

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49

Herzer, ThaÃs LÃbo. "InfecÃÃo latente por mycobacterium tuberculosis em portadores de infecÃÃo por HIV/AIDS: anÃlise atravÃs do uso de teste tuberculÃnico e teste de liberaÃÃo de interferon-gama." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7821.

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As pessoas vivendo com HIV tÃm probabilidade aumentada de desenvolver, apresentar formar graves, ter cepas multirresistentes e morrer por tuberculose. A profilaxia para infecÃÃo latente por Mycobacteium tuberculosis (ILTB) diminui a chance de ativaÃÃo de tuberculose (TB) numa mÃdia de 62% nessa populaÃÃo. Entretanto, o diagnÃstico da TB na sua forma latente Ã controverso. O teste tuberculÃnico (TT) Ã o Ãnico exame aprovado no Brasil para avaliaÃÃo dessa infecÃÃo, embora existam problemas tanto na sua realizaÃÃo quanto na sua interpretaÃÃo. Exames de liberaÃÃo de interferon-gama foram criados recentemente com o objetivo de aumentar a especificidade e a praticidade da investigaÃÃo da ILTB. Esse estudo se propÃs a avaliar como vem sendo feita a investigaÃÃo da ILTB e o desempenho do TT e do QuantiFERON-TBÂ Gold In-Tube (QTF-GIT) em portadores de HIV. Foram selecionados ao todo 351 pacientes portadores de HIV e sem evidÃncia de TB ativa, admitidos em dois centros de referÃncia de Fortaleza-CE, no perÃodo de 2007-2010. Na admissÃo, 41,8% dos pacientes realizaram TT, 36,3% foram avaliados quanto a contato com TB e 28,4% tiveram radiografia de tÃrax. A profilaxia foi realizada para 73,3% dos pacientes com TT positivo. Houve diagnÃstico de ILTB em 25,3% dos pacientes de acordo com o TT e em 6,7% pelo QTF-GIT (p<0,001). A correlaÃÃo entre os resultados dos dois testes foi considerada fraca (k= -0,037). Resultado positivo do TT esteve associado com drogadiÃÃo (OR 7 CI: 1,53-32,11; p=0,01), contato com TB bacilÃfera (OR 13 CI: 2,7-62,83; p=0,001), profilaxia para ILTB prÃvia (OR 17,5 CI: 3,4-90,4; p<0,001), procedÃncia do interior do estado (OR 2,74 CI:1,04-7,22; p= 0,04). NÃo houve associaÃÃo entre QTF-GIT positivo e fatores de risco para TB. A mÃdia de contagem de linfÃcitos T CD4+ nos indivÃduos com TT positivo foi superior Ã mÃdia dos com TT negativo (535,8 vs. 373,4 cÃl/mm3; p=0,006), enquanto o inverso ocorreu em relaÃÃo ao QTF-GIT (277 vs. 438,3 cÃl/mm3; p= 0,055). A mÃdia do logaritmo da carga viral foi superior naqueles com QTF-GIT positivo (4,81 vs. 2,11 log10 cÃp/ml; p= 0,005). Mais da metade dos pacientes nÃo realizou TT, apesar da alta prevalÃncia de ILTB. O TT contou com maior nÃmero de testes positivos. O QTF-GIT mostrou-se superior para pacientes com elevada viremia e imunossupressÃo. Sugere-se o uso de ambos os testes de forma complementar para aumentar a chance de diagnÃstico de ILTB e diminuir os riscos de progressÃo da doenÃa.
People living with HIV have an enhanced chance to develop and to die of tuberculosis (TB). Many studies demonstrate that chemoprophylaxis for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) reduces the progression to active TB. Indeed, the diagnosis of LTBI is controversial. In Brazil, the only test approved for use is the tuberculin skin test (TST), however, this test is complicated by several problems due to application and interpretation of the exam. Recently developed interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) using Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens have the advantage of decreased cross-reactivity and, therefore, increased specificity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adherence of LTBI diagnosis and to compare the results of the QuantiFERON-TBÂ Gold In-Tube test (QTF-GIT) and TST in a population of HIV-positive individuals from a country with high prevalence of TB. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 351 HIV patients without active tuberculosis, attending outpatient in two reference centers, from November 2007- 2010. At admission, 41.8% had realized TST, 36.3% had been interrogated about TB exposure and 28.4% had performed a chest X-ray. Chemoprophylaxis was offered to 73.3% of TST positive patients. The TST and QTF-GIT results were positive in 25.3% and 6.7% (p<0.001) of the individuals, respectively. The agreement between the two tests was poor (k= -0.037). Drug use (OR 7, 95% CI 1.5-32.1; p=0.01), TB exposure (OR 13, 95% CI 2.7-62.83; p=0.001), previous LTBI prophylaxis (OR 17.5, 95% CI 3.4-90.4; p<0.001), and living outside the state capÃtal (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1-7.2; p= 0.04) were associated with a positive TST result. There is no association between QTF-GIT positive result and risk factors for TB. TST positive individuals had a higher mean CD4+ cell count than those with TST negative result (535.8 cell/mm3 vs. 373.4 cell/mm3; p=0.006), in contrast to QTF-GIT positive result (277 cell/mm3 vs. 438.3 cell/mm3; p= 0.055). Higher viral load was associated with QTF-GIT positive result (4.8 log10 cop/ml vs. 2.1 log10 cop/ml; p= 0.005). Despite of Brazil being a country with a high burden of TB, more than half the patients have not realized TST, which appears to be more sensitive than QTF-GIT for diagnosis of LTBI. Otherwise, QTF-GIT shows better results in patients with advanced immunosuppression and high viral load. We suggest the use of both tests to increase LTBI diagnosis and decrease the risk of disease progression.

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50

Bergstrand, Carl, and Felicia Lydahl. "Depressionssymtom hos män vid blivande och nyblivet föräldraskap : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-337365.

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Bakgrund: Forskning om psykisk ohälsa relaterat till föräldraskap har under en längre tid varit kopplad till kvinnan och barnets behov. Sedan 1990-talet har forskningen ökat inom området postpartum depression (PPD). Det är först under senare tid som fäders psykiska ohälsa har börjat undersökas mer grundligt. Enligt studier drabbas mellan 6-10 % av blivande och nyblivna fäder av depressionssymtom. Förutom lidande hos fadern, har negativa konsekvenser hos både partnern och barnet identifierats. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa depressionssymtom hos blivande och nyblivna fäder. Metod: En litteraturstudie i ett deskriptivt syfte med induktiv ansats som granskade relevanta originalartiklar som svarade på denna studies syfte och frågeställningar. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades initialt enligt kvalitativa och kvantitativa kvalitetsgranskningsmallar och resultatet analyserades. Resultat: Blivande och nyblivna fäder riskerar att drabbas av depression innan, under och efter förlossningen. Depressionssymtom är förknippat med destruktiva tankar och beteendeförändringar, vilka förutom att påverka faderns vardag, innebär negativa konsekvenser för familjen och för barnet. Riskfaktorer, bland annat depression hos partnern, har identifierats kunna öka risken ytterligare för depression hos fäder. Screening och strategier för att identifiera blivande och nyblivna fäders depression är motiverat, men har bevisats vara otillräckliga. Rutiner, omvårdnad och kompetens att inkludera fäder behöver förbättras inom MVC och BVC. Pappagrupper värderas högt och har visat sig normalisera tillvaron hos nyblivna fäder. Slutsats: Blivande och nyblivna fäder beskriver ett brett spektrum av negativa känslor och beteendeförändringar. Fäder riskerar att utveckla depressionssymtom i samband med en eventuell depression hos modern. Stöd som pappagrupper samt inkludering av vårdpersonal är friskfaktorer som identifierats och som beskrivits som positivt av fäder.
Background: Research on mental health related to parenting has for a long time been linked to the woman and the child's needs. Since the 1990s, research has increased in the field of postpartum depression (PPD). It is not until recently that the mental health of the fathers has been investigated more thoroughly. According to studies, between 6-10 % of future and first-time fathers suffer from depression symptoms. In addition to suffering in the father, negative consequences for both the partner and the child have been identified. Aim: The purpose was to illustrate depression symptoms in future and first-time fathers. Method: A literature study with a descriptive purpose with an inductive approach that examined relevant original articles that responded to the aim and issues of this study. The articles were quality tested initially with qualitative and quantitative quality assessment templates and then the result was analyzed. Results: Future and first-time fathers are at risk of depression before and after the child’s birth. The experience of this depression is associated with destructive thoughts and behavioral changes, which, apart from affecting the father's everyday life, have negative consequences for the family and for the child. Risk factors, including the partner’s depression, have been identified to further increase the risk of depression in fathers. Screening and strategies for identifying father’s depression are motivated, but proven to be insufficient. Routines, nursing and skills to include fathers need improvement in both maternity care center and child health care center. Dad groups are highly valued and have been shown to normalize first-time fathers existence. Conclusion: Fathers describe a wide range of negative emotions and behavioral changes. Fathers risk developing depression symptoms in the event of a possible depression in the mother. Support such as dad groups and being included by nurses and healthcare professionals are described as health factors that fathers appreciated.

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