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Cui, Shu Ling. "Comparison of Dyeing Properties between PPT and PET Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 1089 (January 2015): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1089.3.
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A comparative study of dyeing properties of PPT and PET fiber is carried out. Experiments show that the K/S value, dyeing up-take, and permeability of PPT fiber are obviously higher than those of PET fiber under the same dyeing conditions. The optimized dyeing process parameters for PPT fiber are temperature 110°C, pH 7, and time 40 min.
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Yatzkan, Einat, and Oded Yarden. "ppt-1, a Neurospora crassa PPT/PP5 subfamily serine/threonine protein phosphatase." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1353, no. 1 (July 1997): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4781(97)00076-6.
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NOONAN, MARY JO, and NANCY B. RATOKALAU. "PPT." Journal of Early Intervention 15, no. 4 (October 1991): 390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105381519101500407.
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Wang, Xianwang, Xiaobing He, Shujuan Hu, Anbang Sun, and Chengbiao Lu. "Involvement of Bim in Photofrin-Mediated Photodynamically Induced Apoptosis." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 35, no. 4 (2015): 1527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000373968.
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Background/Aims: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising noninvasive technique, which has been successfully applied to the treatment of human cancers. Studies have shown that the Bcl-2 family proteins play important roles in PDT-induced apoptosis. However, whether Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) is involved in photodynamic treatment remains unknown. In this study, we attempt to determine the effect of Bim on Photofrin photodynamic treatment (PPT)-induced apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma ASTC-a-1 cells. Methods: The translocation of Bim/Bax of the cells were monitored by laser confocal scanning microscope. The levels of Bim protein and activated caspase-3 in cells were detected by western blot assay. Caspase-3 activities were measured by Caspase-3 Fluorogenic Substrate (Ac-DEVD-AFC) analysis. The induction of apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 and PI staining as well as flow cytometry analysis. The effect of Bim on PPT-induced apoptosis was determined by RNAi. Results: BimL translocated to mitochondria in response to PPT, similar to the downstream pro-apoptotic protein Bax activation. PPT increased the level of Bim and activated caspase-3 in cells and that knockdown of Bim by RNAi significantly protected against caspase-3 activity. PPT-induced apoptosis were suppressed in cells transfected with shRNA-Bim. Conclusion: We demonstrated the involvement of Bim in PPT-induced apoptosis in human ASTC-a-1 lung adenocarcinoma cells and suggested that enhancing Bim activity might be a potential strategy for treating human cancers.
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Anisa, Anisa, Muhammad Marzuki, Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono, and Andre Rachmat Scabra. "SURVIVAL RATE OF POST -LARVAL VANAME SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) MAINTAINED AT LOW SALINITY USING THE METHOD TIERED ACCLIMATIZATION." Jurnal Perikanan Unram 11, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jp.v11i1.242.
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This study aims to study the graduation rate of living and post growth of vaname shrimp larvae using multilevel salinity acclimatization methods maintained at low salinity. This study consisted of five treatments, and each treatment had 3 repeats. Thus in this study there were 15 experimental units. As a treatment is the adedation period of acclimatization decreases salinity as follows: Treatment 1: No decrease in salinity (30 ppt). Treatment 2: 6 day decreased salinity (30 ppt, 24 ppt, 18 ppt, 12 ppt, 6 ppt, 0 ppt). Treatment 3: 7 days decrease in salinity (30 ppt, 25 ppt, 20 ppt, 15 ppt, 10 ppt, 5 ppt, 0 ppt). Treatment 4: 8 days decrease in salinity (30 ppt, 26 ppt, 21 ppt, 17 ppt, 13 ppt, 9 ppt, 4 ppt, 0 ppt). Treatment 5: 9 days decrease in salinity (30 ppt, 26 ppt, 23 ppt, 19 ppt, 15 ppt, 11 ppt, 8 ppt, 4 ppt, 0 ppt). The results showed that the larvae of vaname shrimp that were kept at low salinity using acclimatization methods had no noticeable effect on survival rates. The survival rate is between 72% - 94.67%, has an absolute weight between 1.75 grams – 2.36 grams and an absolute length between 1.47 cm – 1.87 cm with a fcr value of 3.17 – 3.83. The oxygen consumption rate in vaname shrimp is 1.76 – 2.2.
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Bures, Miroslav, Bestoun S. Ahmed, and Kamal Z. Zamli. "Prioritized Process Test: An Alternative to Current Process Testing Strategies." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 29, no. 07 (July 2019): 997–1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194019500335.
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Testing processes and workflows in information and Internet of Things systems is a major part of the typical software testing effort. Consistent and efficient path-based test cases are desired to support these tests. Because certain parts of software system workflows have a higher business priority than others, this fact has to be involved in the generation of test cases. In this paper, we propose a Prioritized Process Test (PPT), which is a model-based test case generation algorithm that represents an alternative to currently established algorithms that use directed graphs and test requirements to model the system under test. The PPT accepts a directed multigraph as a model to express priorities, and edge weights are used instead of test requirements. To determine the test-coverage level of test cases, a test-depth-level concept is used. We compared the presented PPT with five alternatives (i.e. the Process Cycle Test (PCT), a naive reduction of test set created by the PCT, Brute Force algorithm, Set-covering-Based Solution and Matching-based Prefix Graph Solution) for edge coverage and edge-pair coverage. To assess the optimality of the path-based test cases produced by these strategies, we used 14 metrics based on the properties of these test cases and 59 models that were created for three real-world systems. For all edge coverage, the PPT produced more optimal test cases than the alternatives in terms of the majority of the metrics. For edge-pair coverage, the PPT strategy yielded similar results to those of the alternatives. Thus, the PPT strategy is an applicable alternative as it reflects both the required test coverage level and the business priority in parallel.
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Waluyo, Agus, Mulyana Mulyana, and Fauzan Ali. "Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup Dan Pertumbuhan Udang Galah (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii De Man) Pada Media Bersalinitas." JURNAL MINA SAINS 4, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jms.v4i2.1553.
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The aim of this research was to know the effect of salinity on survival rate and growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The treatments are 0 ppt (control), 3 ppt, 6 ppt, 9 ppt, 12 ppt, and 15 ppt. The survival rate, length growth, weight growth, and daily growth rate have been evaluated. This research showed there were significantly different between the treatments on survival rate and weight growth (P<0.05). The highest of survival rate get from treatment with salinity 3 ppt, 6 ppt, 9 ppt and 12 ppt. The highest of weight growth get from treatment with salinity 0 ppt, 3 ppt, 6 ppt and 9 ppt. This research showed there were not significantly different between the treatments on the daily growth rate and length growth (P>0.05). Key words: Salinity, survival rate, growth, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
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Bono, G., F. Antonaci, G. Sandrini, E. Pucci, G. Nappi, and F. Rossi. "Pain Pressure Threshold in Cluster Headache Patients." Cephalalgia 16, no. 1 (February 1996): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1996.1601052.x.
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Pain perception threshold (PFT) in the head was assessed with a pressure algometer in 58 cluster headache (CH) patients (52M, 6F; 41 episodic and 17 chronic). Fourteen patients in cluster period were retested in remission. Thresholds were assessed at 10 symmetrical points on each side of the head and at the deltoid. Compared with controls ( n = 80), CH patients had lower PPT in the head and in the deltoid. PPT was lower on the symptomatic side than on the non-symptomatic side in patients with episodic CH during a cluster period ( p<0.001) and in patients with chronic CH ( p<0.05). This pattern was more evident during a cluster period than during remission ( p<0.05). A reduced PPT did not correlate with illness duration and pain side. The lowest PPT mean values were found at the anterior and intermediate levels of the temporal muscle on the symptomatic side. These results imply a central mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of CH.
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Aziz, Rahmadi, and Epro Barades. "ADAPTATION OF TILAPIA JUVENILE (Oreochromis niloticus) ON DIFFERENT SALINITY INCREASES." Jurnal Perikanan Unram 11, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jp.v11i2.262.
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Tilapia fish is a freshwater fish commodity that has the potential to be developed for fisheries business. Tilapia fish have many advantages such as easy breeding, fast-growing, and can survive at high salinity. To increase durability at high salinity it is necessary to prepare saline tilapia seeds produced from parentage that is tolerant to high salinity or through the salination process since the size of the seed. The purpose of this study was to determine the survival rate, absolute growth, and water quality during the adaptation period of increasing salinity of tilapia juvenile. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with three replications. The salinity increase treatments used were A (1 ppt salinity), B (2 ppt salinity), C (3 ppt salinity), D (4 ppt salinity), and E (5 ppt salinity). The results showed the survival rate of tilapia seeds each treatment is treatment A (1 ppt) by 100%, treatment B (2 ppt) by 100%, treatment C (3 ppt) by 100%, treatment D (4 ppt) by 99.2%, and treatment E (5 ppt) by 98.6%. The results of each absolute growth of each treatment are treatment A (1 ppt) of 0.002 grams / day, treatment B (2 ppt) of 0.002 grams / day, treatment C (3 ppt) of 0.001 grams / day, treatment D (4 ppt) of 0.0007 grams / day, and treatment E (5 ppt) of 0.001 grams / day. It can be concluded that the adaptation of fish seeds at different salinities (1 ppt, 2 ppt, 3 ppt, 4, ppt, and 5 ppt) still shows a good survival rate, but the absolute growth of tilapia seeds on the adaptation of salinity increases of 4 ppt and 5 ppt has not been optimal.
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Satria, Iin, Muhammad Marzuki, Andre Rachmat Scabra, and Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono. "THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT ACLIMATIZATION TIMES ON SURVIVAL RATE AND GROWTH OF VANAME SHRIMP (Litopeneaus vannamei)." Jurnal Perikanan Unram 11, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jp.v11i1.243.
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This study aims to determine the best acclimatization time for survival rate and growth of vaname shrimp. This research was carried out of for 22 days, started from February 5 to 26, 2021 at the Laboratory of Aquaculture Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram. The research method used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Thus in this study there were 15 experimental units. As a treatment is the difference acclimatization periode was the decrease in salinity as follows : Treatment 1 : no decrease in salinity (30 ppt). Treatment 2 : 1 day decreased salinity (30 ppt, 0 ppt). Treatment 3 : 2 day decreased in salinity (30 ppt, 15 ppt, 0 ppt). Treatment 4 : 3 day decreased in salinity (30 ppt, 20 ppt, 10 ppt, 0 ppt). Treatment 5 : 4 day decreased in salinity (30 ppt, 23 ppt, 15 ppt, 8 ppt, 0 ppt). The results showed that the vaname shrimp that were kept at low salinity using acclimatization method had noticeable effect on survival rate. The value of survival rate between 1 % - 73 %, has an absolute weight between 0.0433 gram – 0.1802 gram and an absolute length bewtween 1.1 cm – 2.9 cm with food conversion ratio 0.1285 – 3.937. The oxygen consumption rate between 0.073 – 0.113.
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Yohanes, Erry Angga Andwityo, Jumiati Jumiati, and Sri Rahmaningsih. "Penggunaan Media Perendaman dari Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) dengan Konsentrasi yang Berbeda Terhadap Daya Rekat dan Daya Tetas Ikan Lele Mutiara (Clarias gariepinus)." Jurnal Miyang : Ronggolawe Fisheries and Marine Science Journal 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55719/j.miy.v2i1.377.
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Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) sebagai media perendaman dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap daya tetas ikan lele mutiara (Clarias gariepinus). Parameter yang diamati yaitu daya rekat dan daya tetas telur.. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji F. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan nilai daya rekat telur pada perlakuan K (kontrol), A (15 ppt), B (20 ppt) dan C (25 ppt) yaitu Fhitung (121,83) > F5% (4,07) dan F1% (7,59) terdapat perbedaan sangat nyata (P<0,01) diantara keempat perlakuan. Nilai rata-rata daya rekat telur pada perlakuan K (kontrol) 2,13%, A (15 ppt) 2%, B (20 ppt) 1,47% dan C (25 ppt) 1%. Dosis terbaik pada perlakuan C (25 ppt). Nilai Nilai daya tetas pada perlakuan (kontrol), A (15 ppt), B (20 ppt) dan C (25 ppt) yaitu Fhitung (40,67) > F5% (4,07) dan F1% (7,59) terdapat perbedaan sangat nyata (P<0,01) diantara keempat perlakuan. Nilai rata-rata daya tetas telur pada perlakuan K (kontrol) 50%, A (15 ppt) 73,3%, B (20 ppt) 80% dan C (25 ppt) 83,3%,. Dosis terbaik pada perlakuan C (25 ppt).
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Akther, M., AR Mollah, and M. Kadir. "Laboratory Investigation on Salinity Tolerance to Barbodes Gonionotus (Bleeker)." Progressive Agriculture 20, no. 1-2 (November 5, 2013): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16871.
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Salinity tolerance to Thai silver barb, Barbodes gonionotus was investigated under laboratory conditions using common salt (NaCl) and sea water. With a view to determine the median lethal concentrations (LC50 values), the fish were exposed to various concentrations of the salt and sea water for a period of 96. Common salt up to a concentration of 12 ppt and sea water up to a concentration of 10 ppt did not cause mortality to the experimental fish. The LC50 values for 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, and 96 hexposure times were 17.91 ppt, 16.91 ppt, 15.35 ppt, 14.51 ppt and 13.92 ppt common salt, respectively. During experiment action with sea water, the LC50 values obtained were 15.02 ppt, 14.18 ppt, 13.48 ppt, 12.61 ppt, 12.35 ppt and 12.25 ppt for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h exposure times, respectively, On the other hand, pre-exposure acclimation in modifying the acute lethal toxicity of the salt showed, a concentration of 18 ppt salt killed all the fish within 4 days, indicating that gradual increases in salinity increases the salt tolerance of B. gonionotus.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16871 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 193 200, 2009
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Bucharskaya, Alla B., Nikolai G. Khlebtsov, Boris N. Khlebtsov, Galina N. Maslyakova, Nikita A. Navolokin, Vadim D. Genin, Elina A. Genina, and Valery V. Tuchin. "Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors with Plasmonic Nanoparticles: Challenges and Prospects." Materials 15, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041606.
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Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world. For a number of neoplasms, the efficiency of conventional chemo- and radiation therapies is insufficient because of drug resistance and marked toxicity. Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPT) using local hyperthermia induced by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has recently been extensively explored in tumor treatment. However, despite attractive promises, the current PPT status is limited by laboratory experiments, academic papers, and only a few preclinical studies. Unfortunately, most nanoformulations still share a similar fate: great laboratory promises and fair preclinical trials. This review discusses the current challenges and prospects of plasmonic nanomedicine based on PPT and photodynamic therapy (PDT). We start with consideration of the fundamental principles underlying plasmonic properties of AuNPs to tune their plasmon resonance for the desired NIR-I, NIR-2, and SWIR optical windows. The basic principles for simulation of optical cross-sections and plasmonic heating under CW and pulsed irradiation are discussed. Then, we consider the state-of-the-art methods for wet chemical synthesis of the most popular PPPT AuNPs such as silica/gold nanoshells, Au nanostars, nanorods, and nanocages. The photothermal efficiencies of these nanoparticles are compared, and their applications to current nanomedicine are shortly discussed. In a separate section, we discuss the fabrication of gold and other nanoparticles by the pulsed laser ablation in liquid method. The second part of the review is devoted to our recent experimental results on laser-activated interaction of AuNPs with tumor and healthy tissues and current achievements of other research groups in this application area. The unresolved issues of PPT are the significant accumulation of AuNPs in the organs of the mononuclear phagocyte system, causing potential toxic effects of nanoparticles, and the possibility of tumor recurrence due to the presence of survived tumor cells. The prospective ways of solving these problems are discussed, including developing combined antitumor therapy based on combined PPT and PDT. In the conclusion section, we summarize the most urgent needs of current PPT-based nanomedicine.
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Nurhasanah, Nurhasanah, Muhammad Junaidi, and Fariq Azhar. "SURVIVAL RATE AND GROWTH OF SHIRMP VANAME (Litopanaeus vannamei) AT SALINITY 0 PPT WITH MULTILEVEL ACCLIMATIZATION METHOD USING CALSIUM CaCo3." Jurnal Perikanan Unram 11, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jp.v11i2.241.
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In shrimp cultivation, high production activities can cause serious water quality problems. One way that can be done is by transferring cultivation containers with a method of decreasing salinity to 0 ppt with the addition of calcium (CaCO3) as a user balancing the life of cultivated shrimp in order to survive. The purpose of the study was to analyze the survival rate and growth of vaname shrimp (Litopanaeus vannamei) maintained at salinity 0 ppt with multilevel acclimatization method using lime (CaCo3). This study consisted of five treatments, and each treatment had 3 repeats. Thus in this study there were 15 experimental units. As treatment is the difference in acclimatization period decreases salinity as follows: Treatment 1: No decrease in salinity (30 ppt). Treatment 2: Acclimatization for 2 days (30 ppt, 0 ppt) using calcium. Treatment 3: Acclimatization for 3 days (30 ppt, 15 ppt, 0 ppt) using calcium. Treatment 4: Acclimatization for 4 days (30 ppt, 20 ppt, 10 ppt, 0 ppt) using calcium. Treatment 5: Acclimatization for 5 days (30 ppt, 23 ppt, 15 ppt, 8 ppt, 0 ppt) using calcium. The results showed that shrimp acclimatized with tiered use of lime (CaCO3) resulted in absolute weight growth which is a range of 0.45-0.72 grams, absolute long growth which is a range of 3.03-3.81 cm, FCR values that are 0.89-1.85 and survival rates that are 74.67-100%. The conclusion of this study is that the decrease in salinity with the stratified acclimatization method using lime (CaCO3) had no real effect on absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, feed conversion rate, survival rate.
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Ugwuanyi, Christian Sunday, Chinedu I. O. Okeke, Peace A. Nnamani, Euphemia C. Obochi, and Christian C. Obasi. "Relative effect of animated and non-animated powerpoint presentations on physics students’ achievement." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 15, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v15i2.4647.
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This paper determined the relative effect of animated and non-animated powerpoint (PPT) presentations on students’ achievement in physics. A non-equivalent group quasi-experimental research design was adopted for the study, using a sample of 88 senior secondary two students drawn from secondary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State. A 30-item multiple-choice Physics Achievement Test (PAT) was used for data collection. The instrument was both face and content validate. The internal consistency reliability of the items of the PAT was established to be 0.76 using Kuder–Richardson formula 20, while the estimated temporal stability was obtained to be 0.88 using Pearson’s product-moment correlation. The mean was used to answer the research questions while t-test of independent samples was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that animated PPT significantly enhanced the achievement of students in physics than the non-animated PPT presentation.
Keywords: Achievement, powerpoint animation, physics, presentation, relative effect.
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Sunaryo, Sunaryo, and Marmi Marmi. "Ketahanan Hidup Benih Ikan Kerapu Bebek (Cromileptes Altivelis) Pada Habitat Air Tawar." Proceeding of Biology Education 2, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/pbe.2-1.5.
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Diawali penelitian aklimatisasi benih ikan tersebut dari habitat air laut bersalinitas 30 ppt ke air payau bersalinitas 4 ppt dengan kecepatan penurunan salinitas per hari 0,0 ppt (kontrol), 0,5 ppt, 1 ppt, 1,5 ppt, dan 2 ppt. menggunakan sampel benih berukuran panjang berkisar 12 cm dan berat berkisar 22 gr, parameter ujinya adalah survival rate dan respon pertumbuhan. Hasilnya,untuk survival rate setelah dianaliis dengan uji t (P≤0,05) menunjukkan penurunan salinitas 0,5 ppt/hari 35% berbeda nyata dengan kontrol 92,5%, namun lebih unggul dibanding perlakuan lainnya yang sudah mati sebelum penelitian berakhir. Sedangkan laju pertumbuhannya diuji dengan anova dilanjutkan uji duncan (P≤0,05) menunjukkan A0,5 0,60 % tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol 0,61% tetapi berbeda nyata (paling cepat) dibanding tiga perlakuan lainnya. Penelitian selanjutnya adalah 35% benih yang hidup dipindahkan ke akuarium yang berisi air bersalinitas 4 ppt selanjutnya salinitas diturunkan 0,5 ppt/hari sampai dengan 0 ppt, parameter yang diamati adalah ketahanan hidupnya. Hasilnya menunjukkan rata-rata ketahanan hidup pada habitat air tawar adalah 21 hari.Kesimpulannya adalah ada kecenderungan ikan kerapu bebek (Cromileptes altivelis) mampu dibudidayakan pada air payau. Untuk sampai ke air tawar perlu dilakukan penelitian lagi dengan waktu yang lebih lama yang ditunjang peralatan pendukung
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Agatha, Fani Savitri, Mustahal Mustahal, Mas Bayu Syamsunarno, and Muh Herjayanto. "Early Study on Embryogenesis O.woworae at Different Salinities." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i2.2574.
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Oryzias woworae is an endemic fish of Sulawesi. This endemic fish naturally had faced endangered illegal and unlawful capture, therefore it is needed to be protected and conserved by a cultivation system. This research aims to provide basic information related to the cultivation of O. woworae to know the optimum salinity of hatching media and its influence on the hatchability of eggs and the length of time hatching O. woworae. This research was conducted using experimental methods and presented descriptively. The treatment used in this study is 0 ppt, 2-4 pt, 6-8 ppt, 10-12 ppt. The results showed that O. woworae eggs can hatch in salinity 0 ppt until 10-12 ppt and the best salinity for the length of hatching time is treatment of 2-4 ppt which is 7th day 14 hours 20 minutes. Treatment 0 ppt, 2-4 ppt and 6-8 ppt can reach 100%. This can be concluded that the optimum salinity of the hatching rate of Oryzias woworae until 6-8 ppt, but in treatment 10-12 ppt hatchability only gets 80% as some embryos become shrinking. Hatchability per day shows the treatment of 2-4 ppt is the best treatment, on the 7th day as much as 40% and on the 8th day as much as 40%. The optimal salinity for hatching O. woworae eggs is 2-4 ppt treatment, salinity that can expedite the length of hatching time and produce hatching rate by 100%.
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Mello, Giovanni Lemos de, Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo, Karen Roberta Tancredo, Jéssica Brol, Evelyn Jacques de Almeida, Maurício Laterça Martins, and Mônica Yumi Tsuzuki. "Development and health status of Centropomus undecimalisparasitized by Rhabdosynochus rhabdosynochus (Monogenea) under different salinity and temperature conditions." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 24, no. 3 (September 2015): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612015062.
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This study evaluated the correlation of hematological parameters with the mean abundance of the monogenean helminth Rhabdosynochus rhabdosynochus in Centropomus undecimalis reared at different temperatures and salinities. The experimental conditions were: 28 °C/0 ppt (parts per thousand); 28 °C/15 ppt; 28 °C/32 ppt; 25 °C/0 ppt; 25 °C/15 ppt; and 25 °C/32 ppt. The prevalence was 100.0% in fish at 28 °C/15 ppt, 28 °C/32 ppt and 25 °C/15 ppt, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) from those at 25 °C/32 ppt. The red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit and total leukocyte (WBC) count were significantly higher in fish at 28 °C/15 ppt and 28 °C/32 ppt. The mean abundance of R. rhabdosynochus, hematocrit and RBC showed positive correlations (P < 0.05) with temperature (ρ= 0.3908; ρ= 0.4771 and ρ = 0.2812). Mean abundance showed negative correlations with hemoglobin (ρ= -0.3567) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (ρ = -0.2684). No correlation between abundance and salinity was detected among the experimental conditions (ρ = -0.0204). The low numbers of monogeneans recorded (min -1 and max -33) explain the few changes to fish health. This suggests that these experimental conditions may be recommended for development of rearing of C. undecimalis in Brazil, without any influence or economic losses from R. rhabdosynochus.
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Kristianto, Sonny, Marmi Marmi, and Sunaryo Sunaryo. "Survival Rate and Growth Response of Humpback Grouper Seeds (Cromileptes altivelis) on Acclimatization to the Freshwater." Jurnal Biota 5, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/biota.v5i1.2764.
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Successful biodiversity cultivated in freshwater fish is farmed whitefish, tiger shrimp, vannamei shrimp and. While the grouper duck (Cromileptes Mozambique) export market prospects have never tried. This research would like to know how the seed of acclimatization grouper duck into fresh water against the survival rate and growth response. Using random design complete 5 x 4 treatment, seed samples with long range 12 cm, weight 22 gr. Acclimatization of habitat in salinity of 30 ppt ppt 4. Moderate decrease in salinity 0.0 A0 is the ppt/day (controls), A0,5 (0.5 ppt/day), A1 (1 PPT/day), A1.5 (1.5 ppt/day), and A2 (2 ppt/day). Data were analyzed with the survival rate of the t test (P ≤ 0.05) the results show a decrease in salinity of 0.5 ppt/day 35% real different with controls 92.5%, but is superior than the three other treatments (A1, A1.5 and A2) dead all before reaching 4 ppt. While the growth rate data were analyzed with anova followed duncan test (P ≤ 0.05) the results show A0.5 0.60% no different with real control of 0.61% real but different (fastest) compared to three other treatments (A1, A1.5 and A2). The conclusion is grouper duck capable cultivated in brackish water 4 ppt (mesohalin) through acclimatization with decreased salinity of 0.5 ppt/day.
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Widawati, Dieng, Gunawan Widi Santosa, and Ervia Yudiati. "Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Spirulina platensis terhadap Kandungan Pigmen beda Salinitias." Journal of Marine Research 11, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v11i1.30096.
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Spirulina platensis merupakan mikroalga hijau-kebiruan dalam kelas Cyanophyceae yang mengandung klorofil-a dan fikobiliprotein. Faktor lingkungan yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan pigmen Spirulina platensis salah satunya yaitu salinitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan kandungan pigmen mikroalga Spirulina platensis pada salinitas yang berbeda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental laboratoris dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepadatan mikroalga tertinggi pada (salinitas 15 ppt) sebesar 211.875±1994 unit/mL dan terendah pada salinitas 25 sebesar 141.539±5872 unit/mL. Laju pertumbuhan tertinggi didapat pada salinitas 20 ppt sebesar 0,327±0,019 unit/hari dan terendah pada salinitas 25 ppt sebesar 0,246±0,012 unit/hari. Kandungan klorofil-a berkisar antara 10,622±1,322 µg/mLpada salinitas 30 ppt dan 8,176±2,426 µg/mL pada salinitas 15 ppt. Kandungan fikosianin berkisar antara 0,105 ± 0,041 mg/mL (salinitas 20 ppt) sampai 0,058 ± 0,005 mg/mL (salinitas 30 ppt). Allofikosianin berkisar antara 0,069±0,010 mg/mL pada salinitas 20 ppt sampai 0,042±0,007 mg/mL pada salinitas 30 ppt. Kisaran fikoeritrin antara 0,384±0,159 mg/mL pada salinitas 20 ppt sampai 0,239±0,014 mg/mL pada salinitas 30 ppt. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa salinitas memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan dan laju pertumbuhan, namun tidak pada kandungan pigmen mikroalga Spirulina platensis. Kandungan klorofil a dan fikobiliprotein yang terdiri dari fikosianin, allofikosianin dan fikoeritrin, tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada salinitas yang berbeda. Spirulina platensis is a blue-green microalga in the Cyanophyceae class that contains chlorophyll-a and phycobiliprotein. One of the environmental factors affecting the growth and pigment of Spirulina platensis is salinity. This study aims to determine the growth and pigment content of Spirulina platensis at different level of salinity. The research was carried out from March till April 2020 at the Marine Biology Laboratory and Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Building E, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang. The research method used was a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design. The results showed that the highest microalgae density achieved at salinity 15 ppt as 211.875±1994 units/mL, meanwhile the lowest was gained at salinity 25 ppt at 141.539 ± 5872 units/mL. The highest growth rate was obtained at 0.327 ± 0.019 unit/day at salinity 20 ppt, and the lowest was achived at 0.246 ± 0.012 unit/day at salinity 25 ppt. The chlorophyll content ranged from 10.622 ± 1.322 µg/mL at salinity 30 ppt and 8.176 ± 2.426 µg/mL at salinity 15 ppt. The phycocyanin content ranged from 0.105 ± 0.041 mg/mL at salinity 20 ppt to 0.058 ± 0.005 mg/mL at salinity 30 ppt. Allophycocyanin ranged from 0.069 ± 0.010 mg/mL at salinity 20 ppt to 0.042 ± 0.007 mg/mL at salinity 30 ppt, and phycoerythrin ranged from 0.384 ± 0.159 mg/mL at salinity 20 ppt to 0.239 ± 0.014 mg/mL at salinity 30 ppt. The results suggested that salinity had a significant effect (p<0.05) on density biomass and growth rate of Spirulina platensis microalgae, but did not influence on pigment concentration. Measurements of chlorophyll-a and phycobiliprotein content, including phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin indicated that salinity did not affect the pigment concentration of microalgae Spirulina platensis.
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Nipa, Sharmin Akter, Rajib Hasan, M. Niamul Naser, and Harun Or Rashid. "Biometrical Study Of Brine Shrimp (Artemia franciscana) With Special Emphasis On Hatching Efficiency And Hatching Percentage In Tropical Condition At Bangladesh." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 18 (June 29, 2016): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n18p123.
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The present study was carried out to investigate the hatching efficiency and hatching percentage of untreated and decapsulated cysts of Artemia franciscana at three salinities; 30 ppt, 35 ppt and 40 ppt. This study revealed that the hatching efficiency and hatching percentage were higher in case of decapsulated cysts. First hatching of nauplius from cysts were observed after 14 hours and 13 hours of incubation for untreated and decapsulated cysts, respectively. The values of hatching efficiency and hatching percentage were also higher at 35 ppt in untreated and decapsulated cysts. At 35 ppt, the hatching efficiency after 48 hours of incubation was 1.42× 105 for decapsulated cysts and the value for untreated cysts was 8.96× 104 nauplii per gram cysts. After 96 hours of incubation, the hatching percentage for decapsulated cysts were 75%, 89% and 90% at 30 ppt, 35 ppt and 40 ppt, respectively; and the values were 55%, 62.5% and 60% for untreated cysts at respected salinities, 30 ppt, 35 ppt and 40 ppt. The mean diameter for untreated and chorionic cysts were 242.2±1.90 µm and 213.5±3.167 µm respectively, with a chorionic thickness of 14.35 µm. This study would help the hatchery managers to understand the efficiency of larval live feed, since adequate data are lacking on the hatching performances of Artemia cysts in Bangladesh.
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Khalil, Munawar, Ainol Mardhiah, and Rachmawaty Rusydi. "Pengaruh penurunan salinitas terhadap laju konsumsi oksigen dan pertumbuhan ikan kerapu lumpur (Epinephelus tauvina)." Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2015): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v2i2.720.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penurunan salinitas terhadap laju konsumsi oksigen dan pertumbuhan ikan kerapu lumpur (E. tauvina). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 22 April sampai 22 Mei 2015 di Laboratorium Hatchery dan Teknologi Perikanan Program Studi Budidaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Malikussaleh. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan tiga ulangan dan dilanjutkan dengan Tukey jika terdapat perbedaan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu : perlakuan A (27 ppt), B (24 ppt), C (21 ppt), D (18 ppt) dan E (15 ppt). Parameter yang diamati adalah laju konsumsi oksigen, pertambahan bobot, pertambahan panjang dan kelangsungan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi oksigen tertinggi terdapat pada pelakuan E (15 ppt) yaitu 0,987±0,085 mgO2/gr/jam dan terendah pada perlakuan A (27 ppt) yaitu 0,612±0,033 mgO2/gr/jam. Pertambahan bobot, panjang dan kelangsungan hidup tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan B (24 ppt) yaitu masing-masing sebesar 1,231±0,153 gram, 0,970±0,083 cm dan 90,476 %. Selama penelitian ini suhu bekisar antara 26,9 – 29 oC, pH 6,8 – 8,2 dan DO 6,8 – 8,1 mg/ L.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of salinity reduction in the rate of oxygen consumption and growth grouper (E. tauvina). The research was conducted on April 22 to May 22, 2015. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Aquatic Hatchery and Technology, Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Agriculture, University Malikussaleh. The study design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with three replication and five treatments followed by Tukey if there is a difference. The treatments were as follow: treatment A (27 ppt), B (24 ppt), C (21 ppt), D (18 ppt) and E (15 ppt). Parameters measured were oxygen consumption rate, weight gain, length and survival rate. The results showed that oxygen consumption is highest in the carrying out of E (15 ppt) is 0,987±0,085 mgO2/gr/h and the lowest in treatment A (27 ppt) is 0,612±0,033 mgO2/gr/h. Weight gain, length and survival rate is highest in treatment B (24 ppt) are respectively 1,231±0,153 gr, 0,970±0,083 cm and 90,476 %. During this study the temperature ranged between 26,9 – 29 oC, pH 6,8–8,2 and DO 6,8–8,1 mg/L.
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Fischbach, Michel, Ahmed Lahlou, Didier Eyer, Philippe Desprez, and Jean Geisert. "Determination of Individual Ultrafiltration Time (Apex) and Purification Phosphate Time by Peritoneal Equilibration Test: Application to Individual Peritoneal Dialysis Modality Prescription in Children." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 16, no. 1_suppl (January 1996): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089601601s115.
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Efficiency of peritoneal dialysis (PD) is dependent on adequate ultrafiltration (UF) and purification (solute clearance). These two goals apparently seem to conflict in terms of duration of dwells: short dwell time enhances UF capacity and, conversely, long dwell time enhances solute clearance. Peritoneal equilibration test (PET) allows an approach to the ultrafiltration time: the point at which the over time dialysate urea saturation and glucose desaturation curves cross, called APEX time. PET also allows an approach to the purification time: the point at which dialysate-to-plasma (DIP) concentration ratios over time are high. Because of the value of phosphate as a uremic factor of morbidity, we have chosen the time at which DIP phosphate is equal to 0.6 as a purification phosphate dwell time (PPT). A total of 17 patients were studied, over a five-year period, allowing 142 determinations. APEX times (range 18 71 min) and PPT (range 105 -238 min) were spread over a wide distribution. PPT and APEX times were significantly shorter in children younger than three years of age than in children older than ten years of age. PPT were nearly four times longer than APEX times. Knowledge of these conflicting ultrafiltration and purification times should help, in our view, in the individual choice of the PD modality: if UF is the major goal, short dwell times should be used (automated PD); if purification is the major goal, long dwell times should be used, as in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; if both are the target goal, tidal PD should be discussed.
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Ji, Xu, Kewei Shi, Sharon M. Castellino, Ann C. Mertens, Jingxuan Zhao, K. Robin Yabroff, and Xuesong Han. "Association between the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion and survival in young adults newly diagnosed with cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.1502.
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1502 Background: Medicaid expansion through the Affordable Care Act (ACA), implemented by 26 states in January 2014 and 13 more states in later years, has been shown to improve insurance coverage and early diagnosis of cancer in young adults (YAs). Little is known about whether these improvements translate to a survival benefit in this population. We evaluated the association between the ACA Medicaid expansion and 2-year overall survival among YAs newly diagnosed with cancer. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we identified 345,414 YAs aged 18-39 years diagnosed with cancer between 2010 and 2017. YAs diagnosed pre-expansion were followed through September 30, 2013 or three months before Medicaid expansion implementation for late-expansion states, and YAs diagnosed post-expansion were followed through December 31, 2019. We applied the difference-in-difference (DD) method to estimate changes in 2-year overall survival before and after Medicaid expansion, in expansion- versus non-expansion states, controlling for key sociodemographic factors. DD analyses were performed for YAs overall, and stratified by cancer type, stage at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, comorbidity, and facility type. Results: Among all YAs, 2-year overall survival increased more in expansion states (90.39% pre-expansion to 91.87% post-expansion) than in non-expansion states (88.98% pre-expansion to 90.05% post-expansion), resulting in a net increase of 0.53 percentage points (ppt; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11 to 0.95 ppt). The increase in 2-year overall survival in expansion states versus non-expansion states was greatest among subgroups of patients with female breast cancer (DD = 1.20 ppt; 95% CI = 0.28 to 2.13 ppt) and patients with stage IV disease at diagnosis (DD = 2.51 ppt; 95% CI = 0.28 to 4.74 ppt). Additionally, greater improvement in 2-year overall survival associated with the expansion was seen among racial/ethnic minority YAs (including Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic others; DD = 0.98 ppt; 95% CI = 0.10 to 1.86 ppt) than their non-Hispanic White peers (DD = 0.41 ppt; 95% CI = -0.06 to 0.89 ppt), among patients treated in community cancer programs (DD = 1.10 ppt; 95% CI = 0.32 to 1.88 ppt) than academic comprehensive cancer programs (DD = 0.12 ppt; 95% CI = -0.52 to 0.77 ppt), and among patients with two or more comorbidities (DD = 6.37 ppt; 95% CI = 0.68 to 12.06 ppt) than patients with no comorbidity (DD = 0.48 ppt; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.91 ppt). Conclusions: We provide the first evidence on the association between ACA Medicaid expansion and improved overall survival among YAs newly diagnosed with cancer. Survival benefits are notable among racial/ethnic minority patients and patients with high healthcare needs, and by patients’ treatment facility type.
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Ji, Xu, Kewei Shi, Sharon M. Castellino, Ann C. Mertens, Jingxuan Zhao, K. Robin Yabroff, and Xuesong Han. "Association between the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion and survival in young adults newly diagnosed with cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.1502.
Full textAbstract:
1502 Background: Medicaid expansion through the Affordable Care Act (ACA), implemented by 26 states in January 2014 and 13 more states in later years, has been shown to improve insurance coverage and early diagnosis of cancer in young adults (YAs). Little is known about whether these improvements translate to a survival benefit in this population. We evaluated the association between the ACA Medicaid expansion and 2-year overall survival among YAs newly diagnosed with cancer. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we identified 345,414 YAs aged 18-39 years diagnosed with cancer between 2010 and 2017. YAs diagnosed pre-expansion were followed through September 30, 2013 or three months before Medicaid expansion implementation for late-expansion states, and YAs diagnosed post-expansion were followed through December 31, 2019. We applied the difference-in-difference (DD) method to estimate changes in 2-year overall survival before and after Medicaid expansion, in expansion- versus non-expansion states, controlling for key sociodemographic factors. DD analyses were performed for YAs overall, and stratified by cancer type, stage at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, comorbidity, and facility type. Results: Among all YAs, 2-year overall survival increased more in expansion states (90.39% pre-expansion to 91.87% post-expansion) than in non-expansion states (88.98% pre-expansion to 90.05% post-expansion), resulting in a net increase of 0.53 percentage points (ppt; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11 to 0.95 ppt). The increase in 2-year overall survival in expansion states versus non-expansion states was greatest among subgroups of patients with female breast cancer (DD = 1.20 ppt; 95% CI = 0.28 to 2.13 ppt) and patients with stage IV disease at diagnosis (DD = 2.51 ppt; 95% CI = 0.28 to 4.74 ppt). Additionally, greater improvement in 2-year overall survival associated with the expansion was seen among racial/ethnic minority YAs (including Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic others; DD = 0.98 ppt; 95% CI = 0.10 to 1.86 ppt) than their non-Hispanic White peers (DD = 0.41 ppt; 95% CI = -0.06 to 0.89 ppt), among patients treated in community cancer programs (DD = 1.10 ppt; 95% CI = 0.32 to 1.88 ppt) than academic comprehensive cancer programs (DD = 0.12 ppt; 95% CI = -0.52 to 0.77 ppt), and among patients with two or more comorbidities (DD = 6.37 ppt; 95% CI = 0.68 to 12.06 ppt) than patients with no comorbidity (DD = 0.48 ppt; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.91 ppt). Conclusions: We provide the first evidence on the association between ACA Medicaid expansion and improved overall survival among YAs newly diagnosed with cancer. Survival benefits are notable among racial/ethnic minority patients and patients with high healthcare needs, and by patients’ treatment facility type.
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DeVink, Jean-Michel A., H. Grant Gilchrist, and Antony W. Diamond. "Effects of Water Salinity on Growth and Survival of Common Eider (Somateria Mollissima) Ducklings." Auk 122, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/122.2.523.
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AbstractThe need for fresh water may affect growth and survival of young waterfowl, including ducklings of sea ducks that are routinely raised in coastal marine habitats. We studied the influence of water salinity on growth and survival of Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) ducklings collected from nests on Southampton Island, Nunavut, Canada, in July 2001 and 2002. In 2001, 50 ducklings were partitioned into five groups (n = 10) and assigned a water salinity treatment for 6.5 days. Treatments included fresh water (<1 ppt NaCl), brackish water (11 ppt or 21 ppt), seawater (33 ppt), and a mixed regime (<1 ppt for 12 h, followed by 33 ppt for six days). In 2002, the experiment was replicated twice with different ducklings. Overall, growth rates were negatively correlated, and mortality rates positively correlated, with water salinity: 3%, 17%, and 60% of ducklings died in the <1-ppt, 11-ppt, and 21-ppt treatment groups, respectively; and 100% died in the 33-ppt and mixed-regime groups. The results confirm that fresh water is required for growth and survival of Common Eider ducklings immediately after hatch, which suggests that sources of fresh water in brood-rearing areas are an important requirement for successful reproduction.
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Fitri Noor Inaya, Ade, Kismiyati Kismiyati, and Sri Subekti. "Pengaruh Perasan Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya) terhadap Kerusakan Telur Argulus japonicus [The Influence of Papaya Seed (Carica papaya) Toward The Damage Eggs of Argulus japonicus]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 7, no. 2 (January 13, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v7i2.11200.
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Abstract Argulus japonicus being parasite with blood sucking the host, do infestations by piercing the skin of the host through a maxillule and preoral stylet. The infestation causes ulceration and bleeding, thus giving access to secondary infection by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and causes death. The act of controlling against Argulus japonicus can be done by reduce in population which began in eggs stadium. Control over A.japonicus can use natural insecticide that is papaya seeds. Papaya seeds contain the active substance that are saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids which act as a natural insecticide. The research design was a completely randomized design with a treatment that were 0 ppt, 70 ppt, 80 ppt, 90 ppt, 100 ppt, and five replications. Data were analyzed by using analysis variance (ANAVA). The results showed that the juice of papaya seeds affect the egg damage of Argulus japonicus. Concentration of 100 ppt juice of papaya seeds can broken A. japonicus eggs with the largest percentage is 100%. Concentration of 90 ppt that percentage of eggs of A. japonicus were damaged by 83%, 74,25% of 80 ppt concentration, 59% of 70 ppt concentration, and 0% of control. Optimal concentration of papaya seeds which resulted in the amount of damage more than 50% of Argulus japonicus eggs is 80 ppt.
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Endang Dewi Masithah, Win Darmanto, Lailatul Lutfiyah, Rr Juni Triastuti. "Kejadian Kelainan Vertebra Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) pada Media Penetasan Salinitas yang Berbeda [Vertebrae Malformation Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) on Different Media Hatching Saline]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 6, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v6i2.11312.
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Abstract Tilapia fish belonged to the euryhaline fish, which has wide range tolerance in salinity (freshwater euryhaline fish has salinity tolerance >8 ppt). Incidence of fish skeletal abnormalities could be the response of the environment influence such as salinity, temperature and hypoxia. This research uses five treatments : 0,5 10, 15, 20 ppt. The results showed that the highest abnormalities found on the treatment of 15 ppt and 20 ppt, while the lowest for the treatment of abnormalities of 10 ppt. The best result to be used in the brackish nila aquaculture is 10-15 ppt in salinity.
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Li, Xin, Mei Xiang Wan, and Cong Ju Li. "Synthesis and Characterization of Alkyl-Substituted Polyaniline by Using Ammonium Persulfate as both Oxidant and Dopant." Advanced Materials Research 1096 (April 2015): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1096.147.
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Poly (o-toluidine) (POT), poly (m-toluidine) (PMT) and poly (p-toluidine) (PPT) were chemically oxidized by ammonium persulfate (APS) as both oxidant and dopant through a very simple self-assembly process. The structure characterizations by elemental analysis, XPS and FTIR demonstrated that APS is served as both oxidant and dopant due to the proton acid produced during polymerization, which is proven by the decreasing pH value of the reaction solution along with the increase of polymerization time. Besides, the influences of the alkyl-substitution position on the molecular structure, polymerization process, morphology and electrical properties are also discussed.
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Ju, Wang, Hong Mei, and Chun Yan Nie. "Application of Simulation PPT Presentation Based on Virtual Instrument." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 2041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.2041.
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The simulation shows a PPT presentation based on LabVIEW software of NI in this paper. The main VI program can be embed by sub-VI that dynamic simulate the process of PPT presentation, and use ActiveX technology to generate a real PPT document in LabVIEW.The simulation demo program save into the Microsoft PPT documents for easy archiving and other using presentations. The simulation results show PPT presentations be more vivid, making speech clearer.
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Ou, Hua, and Matthew Wetmore. "Development of a Revised Performance-Perceptual Test Using Quick Speech in Noise Test Material and Its Norms." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 31, no. 03 (March 2020): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.18059.
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AbstractTwo audiometric speech measures have been recognized to have associations with hearing aid use success: the Quick Speech in Noise (QuickSIN) test and the Performance-Perceptual Test (PPT). The PPT involves using the same speech test material (Hearing in Noise Test [HINT]) twice, to evaluate patients’ objective and subjective speech recognition performance in noise and the discrepancy between the two measures (Performance-Perceptual Discrepancy [PPDIS]). Using the QuickSIN to conduct the PPT (revised-PPT) may provide clinicians two pieces of important information from one test to help predict hearing aid use success and the need for counseling. Moreover, we could achieve the desired clinical efficiency without purchasing additional test materials.This study aimed (1) to evaluate the validity and reliability of using the QuickSIN speech material to administer the PPT and (2) to establish normative data across listeners with normal hearing (NH) and hearing loss (HL).This study used a repeated measures design.Of the total 65 participants between 18 and 88 years of age, 20 (31%) had NH and 45 (69%) had sensorineural HL, ranging from mild to profound in both ears. Thirty-two of the 45 participants with HL were hearing aid users.All participants completed the original PPT using HINT and the revised-PPT using QuickSIN, via sound field. Generalized linear mixed models were used to compare the performance, perceptual, and PPDIS data between the two test materials across all participants. Normative data for the revised-PPT were established from all participants.Significant main effects for both the test material and hearing status were found for the performance and perceptual data. All interactions were nonsignificant. There were no significant PPDIS differences between the original PPT and the revised-PPT. Normative values for the revised-PPT were established and comparable to the norms for the original PPT in the present study. The test–retest results suggested that the revised-PPT has good reliability. In addition, it appeared that there was a negative association between underestimation of hearing ability and hearing aid use success.It is concluded that the QuickSIN speech material can replace HINT to measure PPT. The revised-PPT may serve as a useful and efficient clinical tool in any clinics for hearing aid fitting and counseling.
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Voznyi, Y. V., J. L. M. Keulemans, G. M. S. Mancini, C. E. Catsman-Berrevoets, E. Young, B. Winchester, W. J. Kleijer, and O. P. van Diggelen. "A new simple enzyme assay for pre- and postnatal diagnosis of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) and its variants." Journal of Medical Genetics 36, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.36.6.471.
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Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase (PPT) deficiency was recently shown to be the primary defect in infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL). The available enzyme assay is complicated and impractical for diagnostic use and is, in practice, unavailable. We have developed a new fluorimetric assay for PPT based on the sensitive fluorochrome 4-methylumbelliferone. This PPT assay is simple, sensitive, and robust and will facilitate the definition of the full clinical spectrum associated with a deficiency of PPT. PPT activity was readily detectable in fibroblasts, leucocytes, lymphoblasts, amniotic fluid cells, and chorionic villi, but was profoundly deficient in these tissues from INCL patients. Similarly, a deficiency of PPT was shown in patients with the variant juvenile NCL with GROD. These results show that rapid pre- and postnatal diagnosis can be performed with this new enzyme assay for PPT.
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Suzuki, Hidenori, Shu Tahara, Mao Mitsuda, Hironori Izumi, Satoshi Ikeda, Kazushige Seki, Norihiro Nishida, et al. "Current Concept of Quantitative Sensory Testing and Pressure Pain Threshold in Neck/Shoulder and Low Back Pain." Healthcare 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2022): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081485.
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In recent years, several published articles have shown that quantitative sensory testing (QST) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) are useful in the analysis of neck/shoulder and low back pain. A valid reference for normal PPT values might be helpful for the clinical diagnosis of abnormal tenderness or muscle pain. However, there have been no reliable references for PPT values of neck/shoulder and back pain because the data vary depending on the devices used, the measurement units, and the area examined. In this article, we review previously published PPT articles on neck/shoulder and low back pain, discuss the measurement properties of PPT, and summarize the current data on PPT values in patients with chronic pain and healthy volunteers. We also reveal previous issues related to PPT evaluation and discuss the future of PPT assessment for widespread use in general clinics. We outline QST and PPT measurements and what kinds of perceptions can be quantified with the PPT. Ninety-seven articles were selected in the present review, in which we focused on the normative values and abnormal values in volunteers/patients with neck/shoulder and low back pain. We conducted our search of articles using PubMed and Medline, a medical database. We used a combination of “Pressure pain threshold” and “Neck shoulder pain” or “Back pain” as search terms and searched articles from 1 January 2000 to 1 June 2022. From the data extracted, we revealed the PPT values in healthy control subjects and patients with neck/shoulder and low back pain. This database could serve as a benchmark for future research with pressure algometers for the wide use of PPT assessment in clinics.
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Moore, D. P., J. J. Remedios, and A. M. Waterfall. "Global distributions of acetone in the upper troposphere from MIPAS–E spectra." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2010): 23539–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-23539-2010.
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Abstract. This study reports the first global measurements of acetone in the upper troposphere. Profiles are obtained between 6 and 15 km from measurements made by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding onboard Envisat (MIPAS–E) from August 2003. The best accuracy and precision is obtained at lower altitudes in the mid-latitudes and poles. We report a strong hemispheric difference in the acetone volume mixing ratios (vmrs) with the highest average concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid-latitude upper troposphere of between 2000 ppt and 3000 ppt. These high distributions are possibly linked to higher vegetative emissions during the NH summer season. Globally, concentrations range between 750 ppt and 3000 ppt in the middle troposphere (300 to 500 hPa) and between 50 ppt and 2000 ppt in the upper troposphere (120 to 200 hPa). The results show the likely strong influence of mid-latitude and boreal processes on the acetone summertime distribution. Zonal distributions of acetone show that vmrs of the gas decrease rapidly with increasing altitude (decreasing pressure) but there is reversible transport between the upper troposphere and the lowermost stratosphere. Acetone vmrs remain fairly constant poleward of 45° S with vmrs between 400 ppt and 500 ppt. Northern Hemisphere vmrs poleward of 45° N are consistently higher than this on a day-to-day basis by between 200 ppt and 1000 ppt on average.
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Gugissa, Desalegn A., Zewdu Abro, and Tadele Tefera. "Achieving a Climate-Change Resilient Farming System through Push–Pull Technology: Evidence from Maize Farming Systems in Ethiopia." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 2648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052648.
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Building climate-resilient farming systems is important to promote the sustainability of agriculture at the global level. Scaling-up agroecological approaches in main staple crops, such as maize, is particularly important in enhancing the climate resilience of millions of smallholder farmers in developing countries. In this regard, push–pull technology (PPT) is an ecological approach to a farming system that aims to improve the climate resilience of maize producers in a smallholder mixed farming system. PPT is primarily designed to control pests and weeds in an ecofriendly approach, to improve soil fertility, to improve livestock feed, and to increase farmers’ incomes. In this study, we compared the level of climate resilience between PPT maize farming systems and non-PPT maize farming systems in southern Ethiopia. Using the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Self-Evaluation and Holistic Assessment of Climate Resilience of Farmers and Pastoralists (SHARP), we measured 13 agroecosystem indicators of climate resilience and compared the degree to which the two farming systems differ in their level of resilience to climate change. The results indicate that PPT farming systems are more climate-resilient than their non-PPT counterparts. PPT maize farming systems had a significant impact on 8 out of the 13 agroecosystem indicators of climate resilience. To harness the full benefits of PPT, governmental extension agents, NGOs, and agricultural researchers should promote PPT-based maize farming systems. The promotion of PPT needs concerted efforts and strong national coordination in solving PPT implementation barriers, such as improving access to input and output markets and animal health services.
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Firdausi, Amalia Putri, Sukenda Sukenda, and Sri Nuryati. "Efikasi Vaksinasi pada Benih Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan Metode Infiltrasi Hiperosmotik untuk Mencegah Infeksi Streptococcus agalactiae (THE EFFICACY OF VACCINATION ON TILAPIA SEEDS OF (Oreochromis niloticus) USING HYPEROSMOTIC INFILTRATION." Jurnal Veteriner 18, no. 4 (January 23, 2018): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2017.18.4.634.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination on tilapia seedlings resulted from the vaccinated parent by hyperosmotic infiltration method at four different salinity to prevent Streptococcus agalactiae bacterial infection. A total of 100 seeds aged 20 days from the vaccinated mother were immersed in four different salinity: 0 ppt (control), 10 ppt, 20 ppt, and 30 ppt for five minutes, then removed and transferred into vaccine-containing containers for 30 minutes. Further maintenance was performed in freshwater aquariums and at days 10, 20, and 30 post vaccination, the immune system performance: Relative Percent Survival (RPS) after the challenge test, specific antibody level, and lysozyme was observed. The study was conducted using a complete randomized design with three replications. The results showed that the 10 ppt salinity treatment gave the best results compared to the others and control. The final RPS (10 ppt) value was 84.72%, 66.49%, and 47.06%, on the 10th, 20th, and 30thh days of vaccination, respectively. Specific antibody levels (10 ppt) were 0.077, 0.078, and 0.077 and lysozyme 0.092, 0.084, and 0.032 at days 10, 20, and 30 post vaccination, respectively. The value of RPS and specific antibody level at 10 ppt salinity was significantly different (P <0.05) compared to the other treatments, while the lysozyme treatment activity of 10 ppt was not significantly different compared to the 20 ppt treatment. Vaccination using 10 ppt saline hyperosmotic infiltration can improve the performance of the immune system by improving maternal immune protection against Streptococcus agalactiae infection.
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Djunaedi, Ali, Chrisna Adi Suryono, and Sardjito Sardjito. "Kandungan Pigmen Polar Dan Biomassa Pada Mikroalga Dunaliella Salina Dengan Salinitas Berbeda." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 20, no. 1 (July 19, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v20i1.1347.
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Polar pigments content and biomass of Dunaliella salina are affected by salinity related to osmotic pressure and density of media. This study was to determine the effect of salinity on pigment contents and dried biomass of microalgae D. salina. The cultivation used microalgae derived from Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP), Jepara. Research method was the Laboratory study with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Consisting of one treatment with five stages of salinity treatments: 20 ppt, 25 ppt, 30 ppt, 35 ppt, and 40 ppt and using three times of repetition. Analysis of pigments used UV-Vis spectrophotometric extracted with acetone as the solvent. Harvesting time was when it reached at the stationair phase using flocculation method. The results showed that salinity had the significant effect (P <0.05) on polar pigment and dry biomass. The treatments of 35 ppt showed that the highest content phycocyanin and allophycocyanin pigments were 11.341 mg/gram and 9.644 mg/gram respectively. The highest dry biomass was achieved at 35 ppt salinity treatment at 0.789 gram/L. Keywords: Dunaliella salina, salinity, Polar pigment, Biomass. Kandungan pigmen polar dan biomassa Dunaliella salina dipengaruhi oleh salinitas yang berkaitan dengan tekanan osmotik dan densitas media. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh salinitas terhadap kandungan pigmen polar dan biomassa kering D. salina. Biota uji diperoleh dari Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP), Jepara. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimen laboratoris dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 1 perlakuan dengan 5 taraf perlakuan salinitas, yaitu: 20 ppt, 25 ppt, 30 ppt, 35 ppt, dan 40 ppt dengan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Analisis pigmen dengan metode spektrofotometer UV-Vis yang diekstraksi menggunakan larutan aseton. Pemanenan biomassa pada fase stasioner dengan menggunakan metode flokulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salinitas berpengaruh terhadap kandungan pigmen dan biomassa kering Dunaliella salina. Perlakuan salinitas 35 ppt menghasilkan kadar pigmen fikosianin dan allofikosianin tertinggi, yaitu 11,341 mg/gram, dan 9,644 mg/gram, serta menghasilkan biomassa kering tertinggi, yaitu 0,789 gram/L. Kata Kunci : Dunaliella salina, Salinitas, Pigmen polar, Biomassa
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Fetters, Linda. "Our PPT Community." Pediatric Physical Therapy 28, no. 2 (2016): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pep.0000000000000266.
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Robson, Nicole D., and Alice Telesnitsky. "Selection of Optimal Polypurine Tract Region Sequences during Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Replication." Journal of Virology 74, no. 22 (November 15, 2000): 10293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.22.10293-10303.2000.
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ABSTRACT Retrovirus plus-strand synthesis is primed by a cleavage remnant of the polypurine tract (PPT) region of viral RNA. In this study, we tested replication properties for Moloney murine leukemia viruses with targeted mutations in the PPT and in conserved sequences upstream, as well as for pools of mutants with randomized sequences in these regions. The importance of maintaining some purine residues within the PPT was indicated both by examining the evolution of random PPT pools and from the replication properties of targeted mutants. Although many different PPT sequences could support efficient replication and one mutant that contained two differences in the core PPT was found to replicate as well as the wild type, some sequences in the core PPT clearly conferred advantages over others. Contributions of sequences upstream of the core PPT were examined with deletion mutants. A conserved T-stretch within the upstream sequence was examined in detail and found to be unimportant to helper functions. Evolution of virus pools containing randomized T-stretch sequences demonstrated marked preference for the wild-type sequence in six of its eight positions. These findings demonstrate that maintenance of the T-rich element is more important to viral replication than is maintenance of the core PPT.
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Arisandi, Apri, Maulinna Kusumo Wardani, Kaswan Badami, and Garina Dyah Araninda. "Dampak Perbedaan Salinitas terhadap Viabilitas Bakteri Vibrio fluvialis [The Impact of Salinity Difference on Bacteria Viability Vibrio fluvialis]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v9i2.7636.
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AbstrakRumput laut sulit dibedakan antara akar, daun dan batangnya. Kondisi air laut yang fluktuatif dan ekstream dapat menyebabkan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii rentan terkena penyakit ice-ice. Muncul bercak putih di thallus rumput laut yang terinfeksi. Diduga penyakit ice-ice disebabkan oleh bakteri pattogen yaitu Vibrio fluvialis. V. fluvialis adalah bakteri patogen yang menyebabkan penyakit ice-ice pada rumput laut, bakteri gram negatif yang memiliki bentuk tubuh seperti batang dan bengkok. Bakteri ini dapat tumbuh di ekosistem perairan yang dipengaruhi oleh banyaknya ketersediaan nutrisi, pH, suhu, keasaman, dan salinitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui viabilitas bakteri Vibrio pada perbedaan salinitas. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan mengidentifikasi bakteri hingga tingkat spesies melalui uji biokimia dengan referensi SNI 01-2332-4-2006 dan buku identifikasi Cowan. Viabilitas diamati tiga kali pengulangan pada media TCBS plate dengan salinitas 30, 32, dan 34 ppt, dan uji konfirmasi. Bakteri inokulasi pada media TSA miring dengan kadar salinitas 0 ppt, 20 ppt, 40 ppt, 60 ppt, 80 ppt dan 100 ppt. hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa bakteri tumbuh normal di semua media uji kecuali pada 100 ppt. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bakteri Vibrio fluvialis adalah bakteri yang dapat tumbuh dengan baik pada kadar salinitas tinggi (halofilik) AbstractSeaweed can not be differentiated between root, leaves and trunk. Fluktuate and extreame of sea water condition cause Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed susceptible to get ice-ice disease. Appearing of white patches at thallus of infected seaweed. Suspected ice-ice disease is caused by pattogen bacteria namely Vibrio fluvialis. Vibrio fluvialis is patogen bacteria that cause ice-ice disease seaweed, gram negative bacteria that has body shape like steam and bend. This bacteria can grow in the aquatic ecosystem that is influenced by abudance of nutrient availability, pH, temperature, hardness and salinity. The purpose of this research is to know the viability of Vibrio bacteria at difference salinity. This research is started by identify bacteria until spesies level through biochemical test whit reference SNI 01-2332-4-2006 and identification book (Cowan 2003). Viability is observed three time repetition at TCBS palte media with salinity 30, 32, and 34 ppt, and confirmation test. Bacteria is planted at oblique TSA media with salinity levels 0 ppt, 20 ppt, 40 ppt, 60 ppt, 80 ppt and 100 ppt . the results obtained shows the bacteria grow normally at all test medias except at 100 ppt media. This shows that Vibrio fluvialis bacteria is a bacteria that can grow well at high salinity levels (halofilik)
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Ndunguru, Sawadi, Marcelian Njau, and Blandina Robert Lugendo. "Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Incubation Time, Hatching Success, and Larvae Survival of the Giant Tiger Prawn Penaeus monodon under Experimental Conditions." Tanzania Journal of Science 48, no. 2 (June 17, 2022): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i2.18.
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Prawns are commercially one of the most important marine resources. However, in their early developmental stages, they face challenges related to physico-chemical and environmental changes. This study aimed at investigating the effects of temperature and salinity on egg incubation time, hatching success, larval and postlarval survival of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius 1798) obtained from the coastal waters of Tanzania. The adult females P. monodon collected off Rufiji delta were left to acclimatize and spawn at 28.5 ± 0.5 °C and 32 ppt in the hatchery. Spawned eggs were incubated at experimental temperatures of 27 °C, 31 °C and 35 °C with three subgroups of salinities of 30 ppt, 35 ppt and 40 ppt. The incubation time was longest (15.2 hours) at 27 °C and 30 ppt, and shortest (10.7 hours) at 35 °C and 40 ppt. Hatching success was highest (85.2%) at 31 °C temperature and 30 ppt salinity, and lowest (69.45%) at 35 °C and 40 ppt. Larval and postlarval survival was suitable at 27–31 °C and 30–35 ppt. These findings suggest that optimum rearing temperature and salinity for P. monodon range 27–31 °C and 30–35 ppt, respectively. Changes in temperature and salinity above the optimum range may jeopardize the hatching and subsequent survival of P. monodon especially at their early developmental stages which are more sensitive to environmental changes.
Keywords: Penaeus monodon, Temperature, Salinity, Incubation time, Hatching success, Survival rate.
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Cai, Xiaomin, Dustin Herschap, and Guan Zhu. "Functional Characterization of an Evolutionarily Distinct Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase in the Apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 7 (July 2005): 1211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.4.7.1211-1220.2005.
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ABSTRACT Recently, two types of fatty acid synthases (FASs) have been discovered from apicomplexan parasites. Although significant progress has been made in characterizing these apicomplexan FASs, virtually nothing was previously known about the activation and regulation of these enzymes. In this study, we report the discovery and characterization of two distinct types of phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) that are responsible for synthesizing holo-acyl carrier protein (ACP) from three apicomplexan parasites: surfactin production element (SFP) type in Cryptosporidium parvum (CpSFP-PPT), holo-ACP synthase (ACPS)-type in Plasmodium falciparum (PfACPS-PPT), and both SFP and ACPS types in Toxoplasma gondii (TgSFP-PPT and TgACPS-PPT). CpSFP-PPT and TgSFP-PPT are monofunctional, cytosolic, and phylogenetically related to animal PPTases. However, PfACPS-PPT and TgACPS-PPT are bifunctional (fused with a metal-dependent hydrolase), likely targeted to the apicoplast, and more closely related to proteobacterial PPTases. The function of apicomplexan PPTases has been confirmed by detailed functional analysis using recombinant CpSFP-PPT expressed from an artificially synthesized gene with codon usage optimized for Escherichia coli. The recombinant CpSFP-PPT was able to activate the ACP domains from the C. parvum type I FAS in vitro using either CoA or acetyl-CoA as a substrate, or in vivo when coexpressed in bacteria, with kinetic characteristics typical of PPTases. These observations suggest that the two types of fatty acid synthases in the Apicomplexa are activated and regulated by two evolutionarily distinct PPTases.
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Widaningroem, Retno, and Alim Isnansetyo. "KEMAMPUAN ADAPTASI KEPITING BAKAU (Scyla serrata) TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SALINITAS AIR." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 1, no. 1 (January 26, 1996): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.8843.
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Objectives of this research were to know water salinity change which can be use for culturing and fattening of mud crab, and to know adaptation of mud crab on water salinity change. The research used modified bioassay method and completely randomized factorial design consisted of two factor namely water salinity change (0,5 and 10 ppt of water salinity change) and duration of water salinity change (3 and 6 hours).The result indicated that decreasing salinity by 5 and 10 ppt per 3 and 6 hours from 20 to 0 ppt could be adapted by mud crab. As well as increasing if salinity by 5 and 10 ppt per 10 and 6 hours from 20 to 5 ppt could be adapted by mud crab. Mud crab was able to adapt water salinity change by 5 and 10 ppt per 3 and 6 hours from 0 to 50 ppt.
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Nemec, Patricia B. "To PPT or not to PPT? That is the question!" Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 36, no. 1 (March 2013): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0094751.
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Hotos, George N., and Despoina Avramidou. "The Effect of Various Salinities and Light Intensities on the Growth Performance of Five Locally Isolated Microalgae [Amphidinium carterae, Nephroselmis sp., Tetraselmis sp. (var. red pappas), Asteromonas gracilis and Dunaliella sp.] in Laboratory Batch Cultures." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111275.
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After a 1.5-year screening survey in the lagoons of Western Greece in order to isolate and culture sturdy species of microalgae for aquaculture or other value-added uses, as dictated primarily by satisfactory potential for their mass culture, five species emerged, and their growth was monitored in laboratory conditions. Amphidinium carterae, Nephroselmis sp., Tetraselmis sp. (var. red pappas), Asteromonas gracilis, and Dunaliella sp. were batch cultured using low (20 ppt), sea (40 ppt), and high salinity (50 or 60 or 100 ppt) and in combination with low (2000 lux) and high (8000 lux) intensity illumination. The results exhibited that all these species can be grown adequately in all salinities and with the best growth in terms of maximum cell density, specific growth rate (SGR), and biomass yield (g dry weight/L) at high illumination (8000 lux). The five species examined exhibited different responses in the salinities used, whereby Amphidinium clearly performs best in 20 ppt, far better than 40 ppt, and even more so than 50 ppt. Nephroselmis and Tetraselmis grow almost the same in 20 and 40 ppt and less well in 60 ppt. Asteromonas performs best in 100 ppt, although it can grow quite well in both 40 and 60 ppt. Dunaliella grows equally well in all salinities (20, 40, 60 ppt). Concerning the productivity, assessed as the maximum biomass yield at the end of the culture period, the first rank is occupied by Nephroselmis with ~3.0 g d.w./L, followed by Tetraselmis (2.0 g/L), Dunaliella (1.58 g/L), Amphidinium (1.19 g/L), and Asteromonas (0.7 g/L) with all values recorded at high light (8000 lux).
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Gumus, Mehmet, Jianzhen Liu, Samir Raouafi, and Tin-Yau Tam. "On Positive Partial Transpose Matrices." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 36, no. 36 (May 13, 2020): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/ela.2020.5197.
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This paper mainly focuses on the class of $2 \times 2$ block PPT matrices. The relationship between PPT matrices and the norm inequalities is further explored. Some properties of a non-PPT matrix in terms of its eigenvalues are investigated. Moreover, a number of useful sufficient conditions for a matrix to be PPT are provided.
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Ningsih, Diah Ratna, Endang L. Widiastuti, Sri Murwani, and Tugiyono Tugiyono. "KADAR LIPID TIGA JENIS MIKROALGA PADA SALINITAS YANG BERBEDA." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v4i1.122.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan dan kandungan lipid pada ketiga jenis mikroalga yang dikultur pada media dengan salinitas yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu salinitas 20, 30, dan 40 ppt pada mikroalga jenis Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis sp., dan Porpyridium sp masing-masing sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Mikroalga dikultur pada skala laboratorium selama 8 hari setelah itu dipanen untuk diukur kadar lipidnya. Hasil kultur selama 8 hari menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan spesifik rata-rata tertinggi pada Nannochloropsis sp. terdapat pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu 12%/hari, sedangkan untuk Tetraselmis sp. tertinggi pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu 7%, dan untuk Porpyridium sp. tertinggi pada salinitas 30 ppt yaitu 5%/hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh jumlah lipid tertinggi terdapat pada Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu sebesar 2,64% dan jumlah lipid terendah terdapat pada Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu sebesar 0,19%. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan spesifik rata-rata per hari tertinggi terdapat pada jenis Nannochloropsis sp pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu sebesar 12% dan jumlah lipid tertinggi terdapat pada mikroalga jenis Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu sebesar 2,64%.
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Fembri, Fransiskus, Erly Kaligis, and Inneke Rumengan. "karakteristik pertumbuhan populasi rotifer (Brachionus rotundiformis) tanpa pemberian aerasi dan mikroalga sebagai pakan pada media kadar garam berbeda." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.5.1.2017.14996.
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Rotifer sangat populer sebagai biokapsul bagi larva fauna laut, karena menjadi pentransfer nutrien, mikromolekul, asam amino dan asam lemak tak jenuh tingkat tinggi, mineral, vitamin dan antibiotik dari lingkungan hidup ke larva tanpa efek polutan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah percobaan kultur rotifer dalam kondisi laboratorium dengan menggunakan media kadar garam berbeda (20, 25, 30 dan 35 ppt). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan populasi dan proporsi betina rotifer yang membawa telur pada setiap perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan laju pertumbuhan populasi tertinggi pada kadar garam 20 ppt menghasilkan peningkatan pertumbuhan populasi tertinggi pada hari ke-3 yaitu 0,66 sedangkan pada kadar garam lainnya yaitu 25 ppt, 30 ppt, dan 35 ppt nilai r yang diperoleh adalah 0,45 ; 0,26 ; 0,22. Berdasarkan proporsi betina yang membawa telur hasil tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan kadar garam 20 ppt yaitu 56.7% pada hari pertama, kemudian pada hari selanjutnya terjadi penurunan. Pada perlakuan kadar garam 20 ppt penurunan terjadi karena pertumbuhan populasi yang tinggi tidak disertai dengan jumlah individu yang membawa telur, sehingga pertumbuhan pada kadar garam 35 ppt lebih tinggi mulai pada hari ke-2 hingga hari ke-5.
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Holodniy, Mark, Lynne Rainen, Steve Herman, and Belinda Yen-Lieberman. "Stability of Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus Load in VACUTAINER PPT Plasma Preparation Tubes during Overnight Shipment." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 1 (January 2000): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.1.323-326.2000.
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ABSTRACT VACUTAINER PPT plasma preparation tubes were evaluated to determine the effects of various handling and shipping conditions on plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load determinations. Plasmas obtained from PPT tubes stored and shipped under nine different conditions were compared to conventional EDTA tube plasmas stored at −70°C within 2 h after phlebotomy. Compared to viral loads in frozen EDTA plasma, those in PPT tube plasma that was frozen immediately and either separated or shipped in situ were not significantly different. Viral loads in PPT tube plasma after storage for 6 h at either room temperature or 4°C, followed by shipment at ambient temperature or on wet or dry ice, were not significantly different from baseline viral loads in EDTA or PPT plasma. The results of this study indicate that the HIV load in PPT tube plasma is equivalent to that in standard EDTA plasma. Plasma viral load is not affected by storage or shipment temperature when plasma is collected in PPT tubes. Furthermore, plasmas can be shipped in spun PPT tubes, and the tubes provide a safer and more convenient method for sample collection and transport than regular EDTA tubes.
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Robson, Nicole D., and Alice Telesnitsky. "Effects of 3′ Untranslated Region Mutations on Plus-Strand Priming during Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Replication." Journal of Virology 73, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 948–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.2.948-957.1999.
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ABSTRACT A conserved purine-rich motif located near the 3′ end of retroviral genomes is involved in the initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis. We mutated sequences both within and flanking the Moloney murine leukemia virus polypurine tract (PPT) and determined the effects of these alterations on viral DNA synthesis and replication. Our results demonstrated that both changes in highly conserved PPT positions and a mutation that left only the cleavage-proximal half of the PPT intact led to delayed replication and reduced the colony-forming titer of replication defective retroviral vectors. A mutation that altered the cleavage proximal half of the PPT and certain 3′ untranslated region mutations upstream of the PPT were incompatible with or severely impaired viral replication. To distinguish defects in plus-strand priming from other replication defects and to assess the relative use of mutant and wild-type PPTs, we examined plus-strand priming from an ectopic, secondary PPT inserted in U3. The results demonstrated that the analyzed mutations within the PPT primarily affected plus-strand priming whereas mutations upstream of the PPT appeared to affect both plus-strand priming and other stages of viral replication.