Academic literature on the topic 'PPV (Positive Predictive Value)'

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Journal articles on the topic "PPV (Positive Predictive Value)"

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Molinaro, Annette M. "Diagnostic tests: how to estimate the positive predictive value." Neuro-Oncology Practice 2, no. 4 (2015): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nop/npv030.

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Abstract When a patient receives a positive test result from a diagnostic test they assume they have the disease. However, the positive predictive value (PPV), ie the probability that they have the disease given a positive test result, is rarely equal to one. To assist their patients, doctors must explain the chance that they do in fact have the disease. However, physicians frequently miscalculate the PPV as the sensitivity and/or misinterpret the PPV, which results in increased anxiety in patients and generates unnecessary tests and consultations. The reasons for this miscalculation as well a
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Arad, Banafsheh, Abolfazl Mahyar, Mahmoud Vandaie, and Sonia Oveisi. "Prediction of Vesicoureteral Reflux by Ultrasonography and Renal Scan in Children." Global Pediatric Health 9 (January 2022): 2333794X2211078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x221107826.

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Background. In recent studies, renal ultrasonography and dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) scan have a role in predicting vesicoureteral reflux in children with febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). Materials and Methods. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were defined for ultrasonography and DMSA scan to predict vesicoureteral reflux in 70 children with febrile UTI. Results. Renal ultrasonography sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR, and NLR for vesicourethral reflux
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Gunashekar, Satheesh, Ashutosh Kaushal, Ajit Kumar, Priyanka Gupta, Namrata Gupta, and Pooja C.S. "Comparison between perfusion index, pleth variability index, and pulse pressure variability for prediction of hypotension during major abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia: A prospective observational study." Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 68, no. 4 (2024): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_706_23.

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Background and Aims: Short-term hypotension after general anaesthesia can negatively impact surgical outcomes. This study compared the predictive potential of the pleth variability index (PVI), pulse pressure variability (PPV), and perfusion index (PI) for anaesthesia-induced hypotension. This study’s primary objective was to evaluate the predictive potential of PI, PVI, and PPV for hypotension. Methods: This observational study included 140 adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, PVI, PPV, and PI were collected at 1-min
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Abdurrahman Al Hakim Sampurna Putra S, Ravenalla. "NILAI SENSITIVITAS, SPESIFISITAS, POSITIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE DAN NEGATIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE SPHYGMOMANOMETER DIGITAL PADA SKRINING HIPERTENSI." Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Palangka Raya 9, no. 1 (2021): 1210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37304/jkupr.v9i1.2859.

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Berdasarkan data hipertensi terlihat bahwa hipertensi sendiri masih merupakan momok bagi kesehatan penduduk Indonesia. Pada tahun 2012 data PTM menunjukkan terdapat 554.771 kasus Hipertensi Esensial di Jawa Tengah. Data PTM Kabupaten Purbalingga khususnya untuk tahun 2012 menunjukkan bahwa kasus Hipertensi Esensial merupakan PTM dengan kasus terbanyak dengan total 7.440 kasus dan Hipertensi lainnya 3.616 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan deteksi dini penderita hipertensi di Kecamatan Purbalingga Kabupaten Purbalingga, mengetahui sensitivitas, spesifisitas, PPV dan NPV dari sphygm
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Pillai, Raji, Charles Handorf, and William David Henner. "Treatment implications for immunohistochemistry-based diagnoses with low positive predictive value." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): e22033-e22033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e22033.

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e22033 Background: In a recent study (Handorf, C. et al., Am. J. Surg. Pathol., in press), the accuracy of tumor diagnoses using immunohistochemistry (IHC) (83%) was directly compared to accuracy of gene expression profiling (GEP) (89%). However, in clinical practice, IHC is more commonly used initially and GEP is used secondarily in difficult-to-diagnose cases. For this reason, it is important to identify which IHC-based diagnoses have a low positive predictive value (PPV) and therefore might benefit from the addition of GEP or other diagnostic procedures. Methods: The direct comparison study
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Yeo, Seungsoo. "Exploring the Importance of Positive Predictive Value and Prevalence Rate in Learning Disability Diagnosis." Korean Journal of Special Education 59, no. 4 (2025): 21–40. https://doi.org/10.15861/kjse.2025.59.4.21.

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The main purpose of this study was to analyze the importance of Positive Predictive Value (PPV) in the diagnosis of learning disabilities and the impact of prevalence rates on diagnostic accuracy. In the context of learning disability diagnosis, PPV represents the proportion of students diagnosed as positive who truly have a learning disability, serving as a critical indicator of diagnostic reliability. The study revealed that in environments with extremely low prevalence rates, such as South Korea, even diagnostic tools with high sensitivity and specificity exhibited significantly low PPV, se
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Carter, Gregory, Allison Milner, Katie McGill, Jane Pirkis, Nav Kapur, and Matthew J. Spittal. "Predicting suicidal behaviours using clinical instruments: Systematic review and meta-analysis of positive predictive values for risk scales." British Journal of Psychiatry 210, no. 6 (2017): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.182717.

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BackgroundPrediction of suicidal behaviour is an aspirational goal for clinicians and policy makers; with patients classified as ‘high risk’ to be preferentially allocated treatment. Clinical usefulness requires an adequate positive predictive value (PPV).AimsTo identify studies of predictive instruments and to calculate PPV estimates for suicidal behaviours.MethodA systematic review identified studies of predictive instruments. A series of meta-analyses produced pooled estimates of PPV for suicidal behaviours.ResultsFor all scales combined, the pooled PPVs were: suicide 5.5% (95% CI 3.9–7.9%)
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Budhram, Adrian, Ryan G. Taylor, Jeff Fuller, Jorge G. Burneo, J. David Knox, and Stephen H. Pasternak. "The Predictive Value of Endpoint Quaking-Induced Conversion in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 46, no. 5 (2019): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2019.72.

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ABSTRACT:Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal neurological illness for which accurate diagnosis is paramount. Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) is a prion-specific assay with high sensitivity and specificity for CJD. The Canadian endpoint quaking-induced conversion (EP-QuIC) test is similar, but unlike RT-QuIC there is little data regarding its diagnostic utility in clinical practice. In this exploratory predictive value analysis of EP-QuIC in CJD, the negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) was 100% and 83%, respectively, with one false-positive
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Teoh, Deanna, Gwiwon Nam, Shalini Kulasingam, and Rachel I. Vogel. "4223 Changes in positive predictive value of cervical cytology following HPV vaccination." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (2020): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.113.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To determine if current U.S. HPV vaccination rates have decreased dysplasia prevalence enough to decrease the positive predictive value (PPV) of abnormal cervical cytology. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This retrospective cohort study comprised a chart review of all patients 21-35 years of age who had at least 1 Pap test result within MHealth/Fairview 2016-2018. HPV vaccination data, cervical cancer screening data and dysplasia results were abstracted. Vaccinated was defined as receiving at least 1 dose of HPV vaccine, with subgroup analyses performed for those completing vaccina
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Pambet, Mathilde, Fanny Sirodot, Bruno Pereira, et al. "Benefits of Premaquick® Combined Detection of IL-6/Total IGFBP-1/Native IGFBP-1 to Predict Preterm Delivery." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 17 (2023): 5707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175707.

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We conducted a prospective double-blind study to compare two vaginal diagnostic methods in singleton pregnancies with threatened preterm labor (TPL) at the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (France) from August 2018 to December 2020. Our main objective was to compare the diagnostic capacity at admission, in terms of positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), of Premaquick® (combined detection of IL-6/total IGFBP-1/native IGFBP-1) and QuikCheck fFN™ (fetal fibronectin) for delivery within 7 days in cases of TPL. We included 193 patients. Premaquick® had a sensiti
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PPV (Positive Predictive Value)"

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Maganini, Natalia Diniz. "FGAMP: um novo método para previsão de séries temporais financeiras usando parâmetros multifractais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96133/tde-17072017-161414/.

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Este trabalho fornece informações sobre uma questão importante que é a previsão de preços e apresenta um novo método para fazer previsão para o comportamento de séries temporais financeiras, que foi nomeado de FGAMP (Forecasting with a general average of the multifractal parameters). O novo método utiliza os parâmetros extraídos do momento 5 do método MFDFA (Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) como marcador para reconhecer um padrão e realizar uma previsão. As séries temporais utilizadas para verificar a viabilidade do método consistiram de 6 cotações de preços de ativos de alta frequ
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Zara, Ana Laura de Sene Amâncio. "Avaliação do valor preditivo positivo da suspeita clínica de dengue em períodos epidêmicos no Brasil, 2000 a 2010." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5986.

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Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-24T13:56:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Laura de Sene Amâncio Zara - 2012.pdf: 2518810 bytes, checksum: 21843aab88508deb89623fca7e3dbfe3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-24T13:56:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Laura de Sene Amâncio Zara - 2012.pdf: 2518810 bytes, checksum: 21843aab88508deb89623fca7e3dbfe3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
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Ferreira, Vera Christina Camargo de Siqueira. "Microcalcificações amorfas agrupadas na mamografia digital de campo total: correlação anatomopatológica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-19032012-095007/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo deste estudo é determinar a correlação anatomopatológica das calcificações amorfas agrupadas diagnosticadas na mamografia digital de campo total, ou seja, das calcificações suspeitas mais tênues, uma vez que houve aumento da caracterização de calcificações na mamografia digital. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo baseado nos laudos mamográficos classificados como categoria BI-RADS 4 no primeiro ano de introdução da técnica digital, com análise dos diagnósticos anatomopatológicos das microcalcificações amorfas agrupadas submetidas à biópsia de fragmento assistida à vácuo no se
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Gayet-Ageron, Angèle. "L’utilisation de la technique d’amplification de Treponema pallidum dans le diagnostic des ulcères oro-génitaux liés à la syphilis." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T005/document.

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CONTEXTE La syphilis est une maladie ré-émergente depuis 2000. Son traitement est simple, mais son diagnostic est complexe. La technique d’amplification génique de Treponema pallidum (Tp-PCR) existe depuis 1990 mais le CDC l’a incluse dans sa définition de cas en janvier 2014. OBJECTIFS 1) Evaluer la performance diagnostique de la Tp-PCR à différents stades cliniques et milieux biologiques. 2) Mesurer la sensibilité, spécificité et les valeurs prédictives de la Tp-PCR en fonction de 3 groupes de référence dans des ulcères récents. 3) Comparer les performances des 2 principales cibles de Tp-PCR
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Naidoo, Nivashni. "The predictive value of pro brain natriuretic peptide (ProBNP) levels to determine the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with a positive or inconclusive exercise stress test." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/619.

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Submitted in fulfilment for the Degree of Masters in Technology: Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, 2010.<br>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of premature deaths worldwide. In South Africa, approximately 195 people die from cardiovascular diseases each day. The earlier coronary artery disease (CAD) is detected, the better the prognosis. NT- pro- brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a cardiac neurohormone that is secreted in the cardiac ventricles in response to excessive stretching of heart muscle cells. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is currently
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Kocharyan, Davit. "The relevance of preoperative ultrasound cervical mapping in thyroid cancer." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18866.

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Pendant les trente dernières années, le taux d'incidence du cancer de la thyroïde chez l'homme et la femme a considérablement augmenté partout dans le monde. Cependant, on estime que d'ici à 2019 le cancer de la thyroïde deviendra le troisième cancer le plus répandu chez les femmes dans tous les groupes d'âge en raison de la tendance d’augmentation plus dramatique chez elles. En général, il n'y a aucune raison claire qui explique l'augmentation mondiale de l'incidence du cancer de la thyroïde et il est émis l'hypothèse que cette recrudescence de l'incidence a une étiologie multifactorielle. Bi
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Books on the topic "PPV (Positive Predictive Value)"

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D’Orsi, Carl. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0005.

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This chapter, devoted to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), describes the standardized language applied to findings in mammography, breast ultrasound, and breast MRI. BI-RADS terms most frequently used are described, and most are illustrated by figures. In addition, the rules for a facility and radiologist audit are described, with definitions of true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN), and false negative (FN) findings. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive values 1, 2, and 3 (PPV1, 2, 3), and cancer detection rate are defined. An exam
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Harrison, Mark. 2 × 2 Contingency table. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198765875.003.0064.

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This chapter describes the 2 × 2 contingency table as it applies to Emergency Medicine, and in particular the Primary FRCEM examination. The chapter outlines the key details of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratios for positive and negative results, and the 2 × 2 contingency table. This chapter is laid out exactly following the RCEM syllabus, to allow easy reference and consolidation of learning.
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Doepke, Laura. Fine, Linear/Branching Calcifications. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0041.

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Of all of the calcifications identified on mammography, fine, linear/branching calcifications are the most suspicious for malignancy, most commonly ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The risk of malignancy associated with fine, linear/branching calcifications is approximately 70%. A recent study evaluating the positive predictive value of suspicious calcifications based on the fifth edition of BI-RADS found the positive predictive value of fine pleomorphic/linear or segmental calcifications was 93.8%. This chapter, which appears in the section on calcifications, reviews the key imaging features,
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Basu, Sanjay. Fundamentals. Edited by Sanjay Basu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667924.003.0001.

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In this chapter, the author defines and provides examples of several key terms used in public health and healthcare modeling research. The chapter begins by clarifying the differences between key terms used to describe rates of disease (incidence, prevalence, and mortality) as well as the performance characteristics of tests used to detect disease (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value), prevent or treat disease (odds ratios, relative risks), understand studies (case-control, cohort, and randomized controlled trials), and avoid common study problems
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Mathiesen, Amber, and Kali Roy. Prenatal Screening. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681098.003.0003.

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This chapter provides information about a genetic counselor’s role in prenatal screening, including discussing and offering options to a patient, interpreting and providing results, or managing referrals based on abnormal results. It discusses how a screen is evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and personal utility. It provides a detailed description of both maternal serum screening and cell-free DNA testing. The maternal serum screening discussion includes information on multiples of median, calculating risk, timing, pattern associat
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Ray, Sumantra (Shumone), Sue Fitzpatrick, Rajna Golubic, Susan Fisher, and Sarah Gibbings, eds. Navigating research methods: basic concepts in biostatistics and epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199608478.003.0002.

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This chapter provides an overview of the basic concepts in biostatistics and epidemiology. Section 1: Basic concepts in biostatistics The concepts in biostatistics include: 1. descriptive statistical methods (which comprise of frequency distribution, distribution shapes, and measures of central tendency and dispersion); and 2. inferential statistics which is applied to make inferences about a population from the sample data. Non-probability and probability sampling methods are outlined. This section provides simple explanation of the complex concepts of significance tests and confidence interv
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Lee, Christoph I. Efficacy of Screening Breast MRI for High-Risk Women. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190223700.003.0039.

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This chapter, found in the cancer screening and management section of the book, provides a succinct synopsis of a key study examining the efficacy of screening breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for high-risk women. This summary outlines the study methodology and design, major results, limitations and criticisms, related studies and additional information, and clinical implications. Breast MRI screening has higher sensitivity than mammography for high-risk women, but both the specificity and positive predictive value are lower than for mammography screening. In addition to outlining the m
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Lee, Christoph I. Computed Tomography for Pulmonary Embolism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190223700.003.0016.

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This chapter, found in the chest pain section of the book, provides a succinct synopsis of a key study examining the use of computed tomography (CT) for diagnosing pulmonary embolism. This summary outlines the study methodology and design, major results, limitations and criticisms, related studies and additional information, and clinical implications. Researchers found that combined multidetector scanning has higher sensitivity than use of a single detection method, with high positive predictive value when scanning and clinical assessment concordance; when they do not, additional testing is in
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Durand, Melissa A. Architectural Distortion (Cancer). Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0029.

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An architectural distortion (AD) is an alteration of the breast parenchyma, which results in radiating lines or spicules emanating from a point without a distinct mass. It can occur as the primary finding, or it may be an associated feature of a mass, asymmetry, or calcifications. AD is a mammographic finding with a high positive predictive value for malignancy and is a major cause of false-negative screening exams. This chapter, appearing in the section on asymmetry, mass, and distortion, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols, differential diagnoses, management reco
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Jaffe, Allan S. The use of biomarkers for acute cardiovascular disease. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0035.

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Understanding the proper use of biomarkers requires clinicians to appreciate some critical pre-analytic and analytic issues, as well as how to use the markers properly. The bene?ts of such an approach will not only facilitate the care of patients today, but will also prepare clinicians to understand and embrace the new generation of markers that is coming and that will continue to make this area transformational for cardiology. Two fundamental concepts underlie the clinical use of biomarkers: First, biomarkers should always be used in conjunction with all other clinical information. Second, in
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Book chapters on the topic "PPV (Positive Predictive Value)"

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Zeugmann, Thomas, Pascal Poupart, James Kennedy, et al. "Positive Predictive Value." In Encyclopedia of Machine Learning. Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_645.

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Wang, Haiying, and Huiru Zheng. "Positive Predictive Value." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_256.

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Fabricant, Peter D. "Characteristics of a Diagnostic Test: Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, and Negative Predictive Value." In Practical Clinical Research Design and Application. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58380-3_5.

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Piechurska-Kuciel, Ewa. "Positive Predictive Value of Extraversion in Diagnosing L2 WTC." In Second Language Learning and Teaching. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67634-6_7.

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Marcus, Pamela M. "Performance Measures." In Assessment of Cancer Screening. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94577-0_3.

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AbstractPerformance measures reflect the link between cancer screening test results and cancer diagnoses. They measure the ability of cancer screening to lead to detection of cancer, and provide no evidence as to screening’s ability to reduce mortality. Performance measures are rarely considered sufficient evidence to implement cancer screening for the first time, though they have driven dissemination of tests that are thought to represent upgrades of established cancer screening tests. Chapter 3 presents the six key performance measures: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, ne
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Aamir, Aakifa, and Robert G. Hamilton. "Predictive Value Model for Laboratory Tests: Diagnostic Sensitivity, Diagnostic Specificity, Positive and Negative Predictive Value, Efficiency, Likelihood Ratio ([positive and negative]), Incidence and Prevalence." In Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9194-1_312.

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MacDougall, Margaret. "Increasing the Positive Predictive Value in RCTs: Lessons from Bayes’ Rule." In A Medical Educator's Guide to Thinking Critically about Randomised Controlled Trials: Deconstructing the "Gold Standard". Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25859-6_4.

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Elledge, Richard M., and D. Craig Allred. "Prognostic and predictive value of p53 and p21 in breast cancer." In Prognostic variables in node-negative and node-positive breast cancer. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5195-9_14.

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Amadori, D., and R. Silvestrini. "Prognostic and predictive value of thymidine labelling index in breast cancer." In Prognostic variables in node-negative and node-positive breast cancer. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5195-9_7.

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Parmeggiani, Domenico, Giancarlo Moccia, Pasquale Luongo, et al. "Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Diagnosis: “Synergy-Net” in Campania FESR-POR (European Fund of Regional Development—Regional Operative Program) Research Project." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4581-4_22.

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AbstractBackground: Nowadays, mammography and DCE-MRI are the gold standard for breast cancer screening. Scientific experience demonstrate an increasing application of Echo elastosonography in breast cancer diagnosis, for this reason, within the Synergy-Net project the objective is to create a system based on machine learning algorithms, a CAD developed with CNNs, capable of representing a decision support in the analysis of echo-elastic sonographic images. Results: 315 female patients at the “Vanvitelli” Breast Unit were subjected to digital 3D mammography tomosynthesis and advanced ultrasoun
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Conference papers on the topic "PPV (Positive Predictive Value)"

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Neto, Jos� R. Torraca, Bruno D. O. Capron, Argimiro R. Secchi, and Antonio d. R. Chanona. "Safe Reinforcement Learning with Lyapunov-Based Constraints for Control of an Unstable Reactor." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.137298.

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This work presents a Lyapunov-based framework for safe reinforcement learning (RL) applied to the control of an unstable reactor. The proposed method imposes stability constraints on the value and Q-functions through a Lyapunov candidate function defined as the negative of these functions, L(s)=-V(s) and L(s,a)=-Q(s,a). Constraints enforce positivity of the Lyapunov candidate function and non-positive time derivatives, promoting monotonic behavior aligned with Lyapunov stability conditions. The framework was tested on both on-policy (PPO) and off-policy (SAC, TD3, and DDPG) RL algorithms, with
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Loureiro, Eduardo Sales, Luna Vasconcelos Felippe, Ana Luiza Cotta Mourão Guimarães, and Anna Carolina Dockhorn de Menezes Carvalho Costa. "HINTS protocole and it’s accuracy to identify posterior circulation stroke: a review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.446.

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Introduction: The HINTS protocol is important to differentiate peripheral from central vertigo in Acute Vestibular Syndrome (AVS). There are studies that show almost 1/3 of patients have posterior circulation stroke. It is important to investigate why this happens. Objectives: Review the accuracy of HINTS test in the diagnosis of posterior circulation stroke. Methods: Review conducted in PubMed using key words “HINTS AND ACCURACY AND STROKE”. The search found 9 articles, 7 of which were included. Results: Tehrani et al. (2014) studied HINTS’s accuracy when associated with hearing loss, resulti
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Conlon, N., M. Gallagher, J. Catalano, J. Howard, and LK Tan. "Abstract P1-02-09: Positive predictive value (PPV) of the diagnosis of atypia in breast core biopsies: An audit of MSKCC breast pathology service." In Abstracts: Thirty-Sixth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium - Dec 10-14, 2013; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p1-02-09.

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Almleida, João Ricardo Maltez de, Natália Rezende Fonseca, Gabriela Lemos Chagas, Daniel Cendon Duran, and Augusto Tufi Hassan. "POSITIVE PREDICTIVE VALUES OF THE BREAST IMAGING REPORTING AND DATA SYSTEM (BI-RADS®) CATEGORIES 4, 5, AND 0 IN MAMMOGRAPHY AND ULTRASOUND EXAMINATIONS: ANALYSIS BASED ON LOCAL CLINICAL PRACTICE." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1064.

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Introduction: The American College of Radiology (ACR) BI-RADS specifies different approaches to calculating positive predictive values (PPVs) of screening/diagnostic tests. The biopsy yield of malignancy based on tissue diagnosis (PPV3) is considered the most accurate indicator of cancer status. Nevertheless, in routine clinical practice, Brazilian physicians frequently take conduct grounded only on cytopathology and clinical follow-up, which might introduce bias when interpreting BI-RADS-derived metrics of performance. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the PPV of BI-RADS categories 4 an
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Vieira, Daniella Serafin Couto, Sandro Wopereis, Laura Otto Walter, and Maria Claudia Santos da Silva. "VALIDATION OF IMMUNOPHENOTYPING BY FLOW CYTOMETRY IN THE INVESTIGATION OF DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC MARKERS FOR BREAST CANCER." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1021.

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Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of breast cancer, it has a major financial impact on health systems. Currently, the diagnosis is made by morphological and immunohistochemical analysis (IHC). However, this methodology has some limitations. Therefore, methodologies capable of rapid and safe detection of tumor cells are needed, which can assist those already in use. Objectives: To validate immunophenotyping by flow cytometry (FC) in the investigation of diagnostic and prognostic markers for breast cancer; and to investigate lymphocytes subtypes infiltrated in the tumor and their relation
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Goujon, Didier, Thomas Glanzmann, Tanja Gabrecht, et al. "Detection of Early Bronchial Carcinoma by Imaging of the Tissue Autofluorescence." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2001.4432_131.

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Early detection and localisation of bronchial cancer remains a challenging task. One approach is to exploit the changes in the autofluorescence characteristics of the bronchial tissue as a diagnostic tool with improved sensitivity. Evidence exists that this native fluorescence or autofluorescence of bronchial tissues changes when they turn dysplastic and to carcinoma in situ. There is agreement in the literature that the lesions display a decrease in autofluorescence in the green region of the spectrum under illumination with violet light and a relative increase in the red region of the spectr
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Li, Luna, Lydia Liao, Pauline Germaine, Elizabeth Tinney, Kristin Brill, and Karen Hendershott. "Abstract P1-02-06: Retrospective comparison of sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) to contrast enhanced breast MRI (BMRI) in 50 malignant breasts." In Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 9-13, 2014; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs14-p1-02-06.

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Clarke, Paula, Henrique Lima Couto, Eduardo Carvalho Pessoa, et al. "The potential role of cavity margins sampling shaving to predict complete tumor resection by vacuum-assisted excision." In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2024. Mastology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942024v34s1021.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the cavity margins sampling shaving (CMSH) as a predictor of complete tumor resection (CR) by VAE. Methodology: This is a retrospective database analysis of 120 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive cancers (IC) of the breast, smaller than 20 mm (image), submitted to diagnostic VAE-CMSH and standard surgery (SS) from June 2021 to December 2023. VAE definition: more than 12 core samples (CS) with 7G needle or 18 samples with 10G needle. CMSH definition: core sampling the round residual cavity circumference after VAE. CMSH-CS were all
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Debnath, Prattyasha Rani, Fathima Amanullah, and Gheyath Nasrallah. "Prevalence of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) among Healthy Individuals with Different Nationalities in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0201.

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Background: Detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by different immunoassays (usually indirect fluorescence assay IFA) is the most common and sensitive screening test used for the diagnosis of many types of autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Moreover, a high titer of ANA can be frequently found in healthy individuals, making it not a very specific marker of autoimmunity. However, the information about the prevalence of these false positive ANA in a healthy individual is not well investigated around the world particularly in Asia and MENA region including Qatar. O
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Kerschberger, B., N. Ntshalintshali, M. Mafomisa, et al. "High burden of sexually transmitted infections and poor diagnostic performance of syndromic approaches within a decentralised HIV care setting in Eswatini." In MSF Scientific Day International 2023. MSF-USA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/4e0e-e138.

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INTRODUCTION Sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) are a public health threat. Syndromic approaches based on clinical symptoms have been suggested as having poor diagnostic performance, particularly in the type of settings where MSF is operational. We assessed the burden of STI’s and the diagnostic performance of a syndromic approach within an MSF-supported HIV/STI project in Eswatini. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study, enrolling adults accessing routine HIV testing and antiretroviral care services in six clinics in Shiselweni, from July 2022 to January 2023. HIV testing counselor
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Reports on the topic "PPV (Positive Predictive Value)"

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Thomas Austin, Evan, Paul Kang, Chinedu Mmeje, et al. Validation of PI-RADS v2 Scores at Various Non-University Radiology Practices. Science Repository, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.aco.2021.02.02.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the second version of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADSv2) scores in predicting positive in-bore MRI-guided targeted prostate biopsy results across different non-university related institutions. The study focuses on PI-RADS v2 scoring because during the study period, PI-RADS v2.1 had not been released. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of 147 patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the pelvis followed by in-bore MRI-guided targeted prostate biopsy from December 201
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Lochab, Dr Prachi, Dr Lata Rajoria, Dr Sunita Hemani, and Dr Akanksha Akanksha. EVALUATION OF IOTA SIMPLE ULTRASOUND RULES AND HISTOPATHOLOGY TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN BENIGN AND MALIGNANT OVARIAN TUMORS : A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY. World Wide Journals, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/5405931.

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Introduction: Ovarian masses present with very vague symptoms and thus it is imperative to establish a quick diagnosis at the rst point of contact. Pre-operative diagnosis of an ovarian mass and its classication as benign or malignant helps in timely referral to specialized gynecologist/oncologist and proper surgical/medical management. IOTA simple Rules provides one such criteria for pre-operative classication of ovarian mass and has proved to be reliable, accurate and highly reproducible in all settings. a hospital Methods: based prospective study was done on 100 patients. Initial pre-ope
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บุญหล้า, ชาญชัย. การทดสอบความแม่นยำของการตรวจวัดดัชนีการตกผลึกแคลเซี่ยมออกซาเลต (โคซี่) เพื่อการวินิจฉัยโรคนิ่วในปัสสาวะ และการพัฒนานวัตกรรมวิธีการตรวจวัดปริมาณออกซาเลตในปัสสาวะโดยอาศัยอนุภาคนาโนควอนตัมดอท. คณะแพทยศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2018. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2018.34.

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โรคนิ่วปัสสาวะเป็นภาวะที่มีก้อนนิ่วในระบบทางเดินปัสสาวะ ซึ่งเป็นปัญหาสุขภาพมายาวนานมาก ทั่วโลก และยิ่งมากขึ้นในประเทศเขตร้อน รวมทั้งประเทศไทย นิ่วปัสสาวะส่วนใหญ่เกิดขึ้นในไต เรียกว่า นิ่วไต ซึ่งปัจจุบันถือว่านิ่วไตเป็นหนึ่งในปัจจัยเสี่ยงสำคัญของโรคไตวายเรื้อรัง โดยทั่วไปนิ่วมีหลายชนิดแต่ที่พบมาก ที่สุดคือ นิ่วแคลเซี่ยมออกซาเลต เกิดจากการอิ่มตัวยวดยิ่งของปัสสาวะแล้วทำให้ตกผลึกแคลเซี่ยมออกซาเลต ดังนั้น การวัดว่าปัสสาวะความสามารถในการตกผลึกแคลเซี่ยมออกซาเลตได้มากน้อยเพียงใด จะสามารถ ประเมินความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดนิ่วแคลเซี่ยมออกซาเลตในปัสสาวะได้ คณะวิจัยได้พัฒนาเทคนิคการตรวจวัด ดัชนีการตกผลึกแคลเซี่
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Cherian, Jerald, Jodi Segal, Ritu Sharma, Allen Zhang, Eric Bass, and Michael Rosen. Patient Safety Practices Focused on Sepsis Prediction and Recognition. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepc_mhs4sepsis.

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Objectives. Patient safety practices (PSPs) focused on sepsis prediction and recognition, encompass interventions designed to identify patients with sepsis early and improve timely adherence to guidelines. Our objectives were to review the evidence published after the previous Making Healthcare Safer (MHS) report to determine the effectiveness of sepsis prediction and recognition PSPs on patient safety related outcomes. Methods. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane library for systematic reviews and primary studies published from January 2018 through August 2023, supplemented by gray literature
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