Academic literature on the topic 'PR 2353'
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Journal articles on the topic "PR 2353"
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Rodriguez, Maria Alma, and Jane N. Winter. "Treatment Response to Single Agent Sphingosomal Vincristine in Patients with Relapsed and/or Refractory Diffuse Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL): Subgroup Analyses." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2488.2488.
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Abstract There is a substantial need for new effective therapies for patients with recurrent or refractory diffuse aggressive NHL. Efficacy and safety of sphingosomal vincristine (SV), a novel formulation of vincristine encapsulated in sphingomyelin liposomes or ‘sphingosomes’, were evaluated in a multinational study in aggressive NHL patients with multiple unfavorable prognostic factors. Methods: 119 pts with relapsed or refractory aggressive NHL were enrolled. SV was administered at 2 mg/m2 without capping the dose as a 1 hr IV infusion every 2 weeks. The objective response rate (ORR) and 95% CI for the proportions and difference in proportions were calculated for the following subgroups: by age (≤ 60 vs. > 60); sensitive disease vs. resistant (refractory or relapsed within 3 months of prior treatment); IPI score 0–2 vs. 3–5; prior therapies 2 vs. >2; bone marrow involvement at baseline; and prior ABMT. Results: ORR in the entire group was 25% (7% CR/Cru and 18% PR) (ASH Abstr. 2353, 2003). No of Prior Regimens/Disease Sensitivity ORR % aone patient had 1 prior regimen Sensitive (n=39) Resistant (n=80) 41% 18% 2 Regimens (n=24)a -Sensitive (n=11) -Resistant (n=13) 46% 64% 31% >2 Regimens (n=95) -Sensitive (n=28) -Resistant (n=67) 20% 32% 15% Other Subgroup Analyses ORR % bnot statistically significant as 95% CI on the difference in ORR includes zero Bone Marrow Involved (n=20) Not involved (n=93) 10% 27% Ageb ≥60 (n=60) >60 (n=59) 25% 25% IPIb 0–2 (n=59) 3–5 (n=58) 19% 31% Prior ABMTb Yes (n=39) No (n=80) 26% 25% Conclusion: Single-agent SV was active in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed and/or refractory NHL. A multivariate analysis showed that the two strongest predictors for response were number of prior regimens and sensitivity to the last therapy. The highest level of activity was observed in patients with sensitive disease and 2 prior regimens (ORR 64%). Response to SV in older patients was the same as in younger patients. Prior ABMT did not impact response with ORR being similar in both groups. SV was well tolerated and the safety profile was similar to standard vincristine despite a doubling of dose intensity.
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Kasparavičius, Gediminas. "XIX a. pab. – XX a. pr. lietuviai verslininkai JAV." OIKOS: lietuvių migracijos ir diasporos studijos 28, no. 2 (2019): 21–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2351-6561.28.2.
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Kairaitytė, Aušra. "Folk Religion and the Cult of Saints in Lithuanian Rural Culture at the Beginning of the 21st Century." SOTER: Journal of Religious Science 54 (2015): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2335-8785.54(82).3.
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Scha¨fer, U., J. Neukum, N. Bodenschatz, and J. Heber. "Up-conversion in Pr 3+ : CsCdBr 3." Journal of Luminescence 60-61 (April 1994): 633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2313(94)90236-4.
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Kim, Sun Il, and S. I. Yun. "Up-conversion in Pr 3+ -doped tellurite glasses." Journal of Luminescence 60-61 (April 1994): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2313(94)90138-4.
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Dwiana, Anna, and Lucky Herawaty. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU BUANG AIR BESAR PADA MASYARAKAT DI DESA BANDAR BATAUGA KECAMATAN BATAUGA KABUPATEN BUTON SELATAN." Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat 33, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bkm.23539.
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Determinants of defecation behavior among coastal community in district of South ButonPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with community attitudes toward defecation in Bandar Batauga village Batauga district South Buton Regency.MethodsThis study used mixed methods, with convergent/concurrent design to merge the results of the quantitative and qualitative data analysis, their combination and contributions to the problem from multiple angles and multiple perspectives. The total number of respondents for this study were 110, divided into 100 respondents and 10 informants.ResultsChi-square analysis showed associated knowledge p-value = 0.0117; PR = 0.635 and facility availability p-value = 0.0002; PR = 1.876 with open defecation behavior.ConclusionTo improve the cooperation between health workers, heads of the environment, and communities need to provide more health education in order to increase the knowledge of the community and support the program of toilet procurement to support basic sanitation facilities.
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Fernandez-Morales, L. A., E. Dalmau, S. Martinez, A. Arcusa, C. Pericay, J. M. Lain, J. Font, L. Tortajada, E. Saigi, and M. A. Segui-Palmer. "Analysis of the pathological response to primary chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) grouped according to ER, PR and HER2 status." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.626.
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626 Background: The determination of ER and PR has a considerable importance when evaluating the prognosis and the response to treatment in breast cancer (BC). Assessment of HER2 status is also a standard for the management of BC. Hormone receptors (HR), HER2, and increasingly, genomic profiles distinguish at least four major classes of BC: HER2+; HER2-HR+, which can be divided into two classes, favorable and unfavorable; and basal-like that express neither HER2 nor HR. In the clinical practice is possible to divided BC according to ER, PR and HER2: ER-PR-HER2+, ER-PR-HER2-, ER+PR+HER2-, ER+RP+HER2+; and less frequently ER+PR-HER2-, ER+PR-HER2+, ER-PR+HER2+ and ER-PR+HER2-. In the neoadjuvant setting the pathological complete response (pCR) to primary chemotherapy (PC) is associated to negativity for ER and PR receptors, and in patients (pts) with HER2 + BC, the addition of trastuzumab to PC increasing the rate of pCR. The aims of this study were to determine the pCR of PC with anthracyclines (A) and taxanes (T) in pts with LABC grouped according to ER, PR and HER2 status. Methods: Pts with LABC treated with PC including A and T were grouped according to ER, PR and HER2 status, and the pCR rate were analyzed using the chi-squared test and correlations with a p value of ≤0,05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 103 pts were treated. There were 14.6% of ER-PR-HER2+ BC, 23.3% ER-PR-HER2-, 35.0%ER+PR+HER2-, 8.7% ER+PR+HER2+, 11.7% ER+PR-HER2-, 2.9% ER+PR-HER2+, 1.9% ER-PR+HER2+, and 1.9% ER-PR+HER2-. For the analysis of pCR only 100 pts were included. There were18 pts who achieved a pCR. Of these pts, 9/18 (50.0%) were RE-RP-HER2-, 5/18 (27.8%) ER-PR-HER2+, 3/18 (16.7%) ER+PR+HER2+, and 1/18 (5.6%) ER+PR+HER2- (p≤0.01). The table 1 show the pCR rate for each subgroup of BC. Conclusions: In patients with LABC to group BC according to ER, PR and HER2 status can help to predict pCR to PC. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Bachier, Carlos R., Paul Shaughnessy, Brad Smith2, Richard Salinas, and Charles F. LeMaistre. "Interleukin-2 and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Is an Alternative to Donor Lymphocyte Infusion for Relapse after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation and Is Associated with Increase Immune Effector Cells and Polarization to Type 2 Dendritic Cells." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1647.1647.
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Abstract Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is use for relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT). Immune activation with cytokines maybe an alternative to DLI. We administered Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) at the time of relapse after ASCT in patients (pts) with hematologic malignancies. Pts. received subcutaneous GM-CSF at 500 mcg/day on days 1–14 and IL-2 at 1 × 106 units/m2/day on days 8–14. Pts. were off immunosuppressive therapy and had no prior history of graft versus host disease (GVHD) at the start of treatment. Twelve pts. received IL-2/GM-CSF for treatment of relapse AML (7), ALL (2), CML (1), MDS (2). Median age was 55 (range 8–66). Stem cell sources included: peripheral blood = 9, bone marrow = 2, umbilical cord blood (UCB) = 1. Donor sources were: match-related sibling = 4 and match-unrelated donor = 8 (UCB=1). Nine pts. had resistant relapse or primary resistant disease at time of ASCT. Median time from transplant to relapse was 4 months (range = 1–14). Two pts. had failed DLI and 5 pts. had received reinduction chemotherapy prior to IL-2/GM-CSF. Eight pts. responded to IL-2/GM-CSF (CR = 7, PR = 1). Two pts. remain disease free at 18 and 26 months post IL-2/ GM-CSF. Six pts. developed GVHD and of these 4 were responders. Two pts. had GM-CSF discontinued due to increase in peripheral blood blasts. No other toxicities related to IL-2/GM-CSF except for mild flu-like symptoms. The table below summarizes quantitative analysis of immune activation. Values represent means +/− standard error at day 0 (first day of GM-CSF), day 8 (prior to start of IL-2) and day 14 (last day of IL-2 and GM-CSF). P-values are based on paired t-test analysis of day 8 versus day 0 and day 14 versus day 0, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis showed an increase in the numbers of T-lymphocytes (CD3) and T-cell subsets (CD3/CD8 and CD3/CD4) as well as an increase in natural killer cells (CD16/56). Although no differences were seen in the number of dendritic cell subsets, DC1/DC2 ratios decreased with the administration of GM-CSF/IL-2. Limited (n= 4) CD4/FoxP3 analysis did not show change in absolute numbers with administration of GM-CSF/IL-2 (data not shown). In conclusion, cytokine therapy with IL-2/GM-CSF is well tolerated and is an alternative to DLI for relapse after ASCT. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a quantitative increase in immune effector cells and polarization to DC2. IMMUNE ACTIVATION FLOW CYTOMETRY ASSAYS D0 (Mean +/− SE) D8 (Mean +/− SE) D14 (Mean +/− SE) P-Value (Day7–0) P-Value (Day 14–0) SE=Standard Error; DC = dendritic cells CD3 (K/uL) 309 +/− 117 535 +/− 103 1306 +/− 403 0.034 0.027 CD3/CD8 (K/uL) 94 +/− 42 174 +/− 33 325 +/− 90 0.021 0.029 CD3/CD4 (K/uL) 309 +/− 117 404 +/− 102 977 +/− 310 0.249 0.045 CD16/CD56 (K/uL) 124 +/− 60 404 +/− 110 496 +/− 162 0.029 0.044 CD19 K/uL) 68 +/−39 89 +/− 36 116 +/− 31 0.183 0.044 Total Lymphs (K/uL 488 +/− 167 942 +/− 160 2353 +/− 532 0.016 0.013 CD11(DC1) (K/uL) 97.1 +/− 60.7 46.3 +/− 32.5 32.6 +/− 27.5 0.108 0.101 CD123(DC2) (K/uL) 32.1 +/− 7.3 39.7 +/− 15.9 45.4 +/− 35.8 0.694 0.628 DC1/DC2 2.77 +/− 1.26 0.68 +/− 0.35 0.61 +/− 0.07
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Maioli, Marcos Rogério, and Carlos Alberto Tomelin. "Estratégias competitivas praticadas por empresas de organização de eventos de Curitiba e região metropolitana – PR." Revista de Turismo Contemporâneo 7, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 240–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21680/2357-8211.2019v7n2id16975.
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Temas relacionados às estratégias competitivas têm sido cada vez mais abordados por pesquisadores que buscam indicativos do comportamento organizacional realizado por empresas frente a um ambiente mutável. A competição entre as organizações faz com que aquelas que não conseguem se adaptar a mudanças tenham dificuldades em sobreviver no mercado. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência das estratégias competitivas nas formas de gestão das empresas de eventos da cidade de Curitiba-PR e Região Metropolitana. O estudo é do tipo exploratório-descritivo, com análises quantitativas, e se deu por meio de aplicação de instrumento de coleta de dados junto a gestores de empresas organizadoras de eventos baseado nas estratégias competitivas de Porter, Ansoff e Miles e Snow. A estratégia mais indicada pela média de homogeneidade foi a estratégia de diversificação de Ansoff, e a segunda e terceira foram as estratégias de Miles e Snow de atitudes analíticas e atitudes prospectivas. Como principais resultados aferiu-se que as empresas utilizam estratégias de forma aleatória e não vinculadas a um planejamento estratégico formulado e discutido para obter o maior retorno e uma maior aplicabilidade com possibilidade de retorno na resolução de problemas. Percebe-se que devido à concorrência cada vez mais acirrada as empresas que subsidiam suas decisões em estratégias já consolidadas possuem fatores de sobrevivência em longo prazo.
Palavras-chave: Empresas de eventos. Estratégia de competitividade. Gestão de empresas.
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Bleiber, Gabriela, Miguel Munoz, Angela Ciuffi, Pascal Meylan, and Amalio Telenti. "Individual Contributions of Mutant Protease and Reverse Transcriptase to Viral Infectivity, Replication, and Protein Maturation of Antiretroviral Drug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1." Journal of Virology 75, no. 7 (April 1, 2001): 3291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.7.3291-3300.2001.
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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants resistant to protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors may display impaired infectivity and replication capacity. The individual contributions of mutated HIV-1 PR and RT to infectivity, replication, RT activity, and protein maturation (herein referred to as “fitness”) in recombinant viruses were investigated by separately cloning PR, RT, and PR-RT cassettes from drug-resistant mutant viral isolates into the wild-type NL4-3 background. Both mutant PR and RT contributed to measurable deficits in fitness of viral constructs. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, replication rates (means ± standard deviations) of RT recombinants were 72.5% ± 27.3% and replication rates of PR recombinants were 60.5% ± 33.6% of the rates of NL4-3. PR mutant deficits were enhanced in CEM T cells, with relative replication rates of PR recombinants decreasing to 15.8% ± 23.5% of NL4-3 replication rates. Cloning of the cognate RT improved fitness of some PR mutant clones. For a multidrug-resistant virus transmitted through sexual contact, RT constructs displayed a marked infectivity and replication deficit and diminished packaging of Pol proteins (RT content in virions diminished by 56.3% ± 10.7%, and integrase content diminished by 23.3% ± 18.4%), a novel mechanism for a decreased-fitness phenotype. Despite the identified impairment of recombinant clones, fitness of two of the three drug-resistant isolates was comparable to that of wild-type, susceptible viruses, suggestive of extensive compensation by genomic regions away from PR and RT. Only limited reversion of mutated positions to wild-type amino acids was observed for the native isolates over 100 viral replication cycles in the absence of drug selective pressure. These data underscore the complex relationship between PR and RT adaptive changes and viral evolution in antiretroviral drug-resistant HIV-1.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PR 2353"
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Chiarelli, Lucinéia. "Estudo sobre a cultura de gastos educacionais: os casos de Arapongas e Apucarana (PR)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2354.
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-10The main objective of this study focuses on the identification and analysis of expenditure incurred by rural and urban schools of Paraná with a view to calculating the cost-student, through the analysis of public policies implemented in Brazil and financing in the State of Paraná. We decided to make a documentary research, employing a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the brazilian legislation, contained in their constitutions and expressed by a set of policies that govern and regulate the educational field in our country, in particular its financing. The universe involving our research focused on five rural schools from Arapongas twelve urban schools that accept students from rural and twenty-four urban schools serving children and adolescents in the city of Apucarana. We note that the cost-student for the two schools goes far beyond the minimum set by the Brazilian federal government value, as well as specified by the Paraná state government, on average exceeding them up to four times the minimum value. We understand that the use of accounting, its resources and its instruments used both for display and for the analysis of legislation and public policies that regulate, standardize and manage the brazilian educational field can contribute to improving the school realities of individuals living and work in the field.
O principal objetivo deste estudo concentra-se na identificação e análise das despesas realizadas pelas escolas rurais e urbanas paranaenses tendo em vista o cálculo do custo-aluno, mediante a análise das políticas públicas de financiamento implementadas no Brasil e no Estado do Paraná. Optamos por realizar uma pesquisa documental, empregando uma análise quanti-qualitativa da legislação brasileira, contida em suas Constituições e expressa por um conjunto de políticas públicas que regem e regulamentam o campo educacional em nosso país, em especial o seu financiamento. O universo que envolveu as nossas investigações focalizou-se em cinco escolas rurais do município de Arapongas, doze escolas urbanas que recebem alunos da zona rural e vinte e quatro escolas urbanas que atendem crianças e adolescentes da cidade de Apucarana. Constatamos que o custo-aluno das escolas investigadas supera largamente o valor mínimo definido pelo governo federal brasileiro, bem como, o valor mínimo especificado pelo governo estadual paranaense, em média excedendo-os em até quatro vezes. Entendemos que a utilização da contabilidade, de seus recursos e de seus instrumentos empregados tanto para a exposição quanto para a análise da legislação e das políticas públicas que regulamentam, normatizam e administram o campo educacional brasileiro podem contribuir para melhorar as realidades escolares dos sujeitos que vivem e trabalham no campo.
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GUIMARÃES, Simone Koniski. "Estado e patrimônio cultural: a memória da hidrovia do Rio Iguaçu (PR)." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2017. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2323.
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Simone Koniski Guimaraes.pdf: 36641385 bytes, checksum: e86a0d65d9fad82987faa4f86c75e351 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T14:06:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Simone Koniski Guimaraes.pdf: 36641385 bytes, checksum: e86a0d65d9fad82987faa4f86c75e351 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A implementação da navegação a vapor no rio Iguaçu, entre os anos de 1882 e 1953, contribuiu para a formação, ocupação e o desenvolvimento de diversas cidades distribuídas ao longo do trecho navegável deste rio que, no estado do Paraná, compreende desde o Porto de Caiacanga – localidade hoje pertencente ao município de Porto Amazonas –, até o Porto do Salto – localidade que deu origem ao município de Porto Vitória. A utilização desse modal de transporte contribuiu para os ciclos econômicos da erva-mate e da madeira, constituindo, juntamente com a ferrovia, o chamado Complexo Exportador do Paraná Tradicional, que possibilitava que os produtos extraídos na região chegassem ao litoral paranaense com destino à exportação. Entretanto, em função de fatores como o aprimoramento do transporte por terra – com a construção de rodovias – e a decadência da economia ervateira, a hidrovia entrou em declínio, sendo desativada na década de 1950. A ampliação da circulação de mercadorias e passageiros, propiciada pelo funcionamento da hidrovia, também proporcionou o desenvolvimento social e cultural, local e regional e, consequentemente, a constituição do patrimônio cultural das cidades formadas ao longo do seu trajeto. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo, analisar a atuação dos poderes públicos municipais sobre o patrimônio cultural da hidrovia do rio Iguaçu (PR), nos municípios paranaenses de Porto Amazonas, São Mateus do Sul, União da Vitória e Porto Vitória. Para tanto, buscou-se identificar este patrimônio cultural nos municípios pesquisados, bem como averiguar seu estado de conservação e usos. A concepção de patrimônio cultural, adotada na pesquisa, contempla, não somente os bens e as práticas referendadas e institucionalizadas pelo Estado, por meio de instrumentos de proteção como o tombamento e o registro, mas tudo aquilo que possa representar e reforçar a memória de determinado período, aqui representado pela navegação fluvial no rio Iguaçu. Considerando a distribuição de competências entre as diferentes escalas de ação política no Brasil (federal, estadual e municipal), propiciada pela estrutura imposta pela Constituição Federal de 1988, observou-se que ações empreendidas pelos poderes públicos municipais são essenciais para a preservação do patrimônio cultural local, ações estas que devem ser conduzidas visando apoiar o reconhecimento desse patrimônio pela população local, indo além de ações como o tombamento e o registro. Para tanto, notou-se que tal questão demanda maior comprometimento do poder público local e a efetivação da colaboração entre as diferentes escalas de ação política.
The implementation of steam navigation on the Iguaçu River, between the years 1882 and 1953, contributed to the formation, occupation and development of several cities distributed along the navigable stretch of this river that, in the state of Paraná, comprises from the Port of Caiacanga - which today belongs to the municipality of Porto Amazonas - to the Port of Salto - a town that gave birth to the municipality of Porto Vitória. The use of this mode of transportation contributed to the economic cycles of yerba mate and wood, constituting with the railroad the Complex Exporter of Traditional Paraná, that allowed the products extracted in the region to reach the coast of Paraná with destiny to export. However, due to factors such as the improvement of land transport - with the construction of highways - and the decay of the economy, the waterway declined and was deactivated in the 1950s. The expansion of the circulation of goods and passengers, functioning of the waterway also provided local and regional social and cultural development and, consequently, the constitution of the cultural heritage of cities formed along its route. The present research had the objective of analyzing the performance of the municipal public authorities on the cultural heritage of the Iguaçu river waterway (PR), in Paraná municipalities of Porto Amazonas, São Mateus do Sul, União da Vitória and Porto Vitória. To do so, we sought to identify this cultural heritage in the cities surveyed, as well as to ascertain its conservation status and uses. The conception of cultural heritage adopted in the research contemplates, not only the assets and practices endorsed and institutionalized by the State, through instruments of protection such as toppling and registration, but everything that can represent and reinforce the memory of a given period, here represented by river navigation on the Iguaçu River. Considering the distribution of competences among the different scales of political action in Brazil (federal, state and municipal), propitiated by the structure imposed by the Federal Constitution of 1988, it was observed that actions undertaken by municipal public authorities are essential for the preservation of cultural heritage local, actions that must be conducted in order to support the recognition of this heritage by the local population, going beyond actions such as tipping and registration. Therefore, it was observed that this issue demands greater commitment from the local public power and the effectiveness of collaboration between the different scales of political action.
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Baldini, Maria Helena Mazzoni. "Pesquisa de doenças hemorrágicas em cervídeos do Refúgio biológico Bela Vista da Itaipu Binacional, Foz do Iguaçu-PR." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2016. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2358.
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Capes
Neotropical deer are poorly studied species, particularly those belonging to the genus Mazama because of the access difficulty to these animals. The conservation status of Mazama nana is not well known and their main threats are poaching, habitat destruction and exposure to domestic animal diseases. Among the important diseases in cervids, haemorrhagic syndromes are very common and lead to a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Diseases leading to signs of widespread bleeding are known as haemorrhagic diseases and in deer, there are three causative viral agents currently recognized: an adenovirus (Adenoviral haemorrhagic disease virus) and two orbiviruses (Bluetongue disease virus, BTV, and Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus, EHDV). The Bela Vista Biological Refuge of Itaipu Binacional has been successfully reproducing the species Mazama nana, popularly known as the brazilian dwarf brocket deer, since 1990. While the death of animals with compatible signs with bleeding disorders has been occurring ever since, the etiological agent has not yet been identified. Thus, this project aimed to identify the viral agent that has been causing haemorrhagic disease in the herd of Brazilian dwarf brocket deer from the Bela Vista Biological Refuge. Therefore, we evaluated autopsy samples, including liver, heart, lymph nodes and esophagus as well blood from 32 live animals in the search for viral genetic material, using namely the RT-PCR test for BTV, semi-nested RT-PCR for EHDV and the conventional PCR for adenovirus. In addition, we applied the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion technique (AGID) for detecting antibodies against BTV. Four samples, belonging from animals that died with haemorrhagic disease signs, were positive for RT-PCR test against BTV, and from this material, it was possible to isolate and serotype the virus. At the end of the study, we identified three serotypes thus far unknown in Brazil, the 14 BTV3, BTV14 and BTV18 plus a serotype not yet identified. The prevalence of seropositive animals to BTV was 3.12%. All semi-nested RT-PCR tests for EHDV and conventional PCR for AHDV had negative results. Therefore, we concluded that the BTV is the causative agent of the haemorrhagic disease of the brazilian dwarf brocket deers from the Bela Vista Biological Refuge and at least three serotypes are involved in the epidemiology of the disease
Os cervídeos neotropicais são pouco estudados, particularmente as espécies pertencentes ao gênero Mazama, em razão da dificuldade de acesso aos animais silvestres e suas amostras. O status de conservação da espécie Mazama nana não está bem definido. As principais ameaças a esses animais são a caça ilegal, a destruição de seu habitat e a proximidade a animais domésticos, que podem introduzir doenças comuns em populações de ruminantes silvestres. Dentre as doenças importantes em cervídeos, as síndromes hemorrágicas são muito frequentes e levam a um alto índice de morbidade e mortalidade. As doenças que provocam sinais e quadro de hemorragia generalizada em cervídeos são conhecidas pelo nome genérico de doenças hemorrágicas, e são três os agentes virais reconhecidos atualmente: um adenovírus (vírus da doença hemorrágica por adenovírus) e dois orbivirus, (o vírus da língua azul BTV e o vírus da doença epizoótica hemorrágica EHDV). O Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista da Itaipu Binacional vem reproduzindo com sucesso a espécie Mazama nana desde 1990, conhecida popularmente como veado-bororó-do-sul, porém, fazendo uma revisão histórica, percebe-se que desde que a criação foi iniciada, ocorreram mortes de cervídeos com sinais compatíveis com as doenças hemorrágicas. Entretanto, o agente etiológico nunca foi identificado. O presente projeto teve por objetivo identificar o agente viral que tem causado a doença hemorrágica no plantel de veados-bororó-do-sul do Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista, situado no município de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná. Foram avaliadas amostras obtidas por meio de 12 necropsia, incluindo fragmentos de fígado, coração, linfonodos e esôfago, além de amostras de sangue de 32 animais vivos para a pesquisa de material genético viral pelo teste de RT-PCR em tempo real para o vírus da língua azul e semi-nested RT-PCR para o vírus da doença epizoótica hemorrágica, além de PCR convencional para o adenovírus de cervídeos. A técnica de IDGA foi utilizada para a pesquisa de anticorpos contra o vírus da língua azul. Quatro amostras, provenientes de animais que vieram a óbito com sinais de doença hemorrágica, foram positivas para o teste de RTq-PCR contra língua azul (BTV), e a partir desse material foi possível isolar e sorotipificar o vírus. Ao final do estudo, foram identificados três sorotipos até então desconhecidos em território brasileiro, o BTV3, BTV14 e BTV18. A prevalência de animais soropositivos para BTV foi de 3,12%. Todos os testes de semi-nested RT-PCR para o vírus da doença epizoótica hemorrágica (EHDV) e de PCR convencional para adenovírus tiveram resultados negativos. Com este estudo foi possível determinar que o BTV é o agente causador da doença hemorrágica no plantel de veados-bororós-do-sul do Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista e que pelo menos três sorotipos estão envolvidos na epidemiologia da doença
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Bezerra, Silvia Helena Loli. "De professor para professor: a pr?tica da educa??o ambiental na sala de aula." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2358.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the contribution of environmental education practices (EE), on the educational project of the Technical College of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (CTUR). Initially, an exploratory study was done with students of the Organic Farming high school and some school staff, using short videos, visits to the College's campus to observe the school?s garbage, and a guided tour on the city's garbage deposit as elements of motivation. After these activities, a survey was done of the participants? environmental awareness, through free demonstrations via reports about what was seen and discussed in these activities, followed by a brainstorming with presentation of possible solutions to the school problems. Further, a semistructurade questionnaire was applied with open questions, in which the interviewee had freedom to write about the proposed issue, and pre-formulated closed questions, whereby highlighted the best answers which represented their opinion. 65 students and members of staff filled questionnaire up. The questionnaires were analyzed statistically by dispersion and by the results, it was noted that the arguments of the interviewers were typically Cartesian. This reductive vision limits their ability to see the problem in a systemic way, because they are arguments that show a mechanistic design of the universe, whose laws, according to this conception, could be in theory, objectively learned through scientific procedures. These structures of thought are not exclusive of interviewees, particularly among students. They were certainly consolidated in family conviviality, neighborhood relationship and in other groups of relationship, including the school. Within this perspective, it is understood that EE has the purpose to disarm these structures of thought that perceive the relationship man/nature within a binary mechanics in formal logic and rationalist. This research used a special population that can be considered as been representative of the student elite of the country. So, they are not generalized conclusions about the set of the Brazilian population. If this premise is true, this finding is that the situation is worrying since the vast majority of Brazilians surely has an instructional level lower than the interviewees in this research, supporting the argument that the results obtained are representative and mirror the Brazilian reality, what sustain the urgency of to implement EE in the school?s curriculum across the country. The analysis of the results obtained in this research allowed an interpretation and a more precise and detailed diagnosis of the EE framework in its most varied aspects under CTUR. As a result, could be identified misconceptions and faults, resulted primarily from a shallow approach of the EE at the institution. Was given a set of epistemological suggestions, to assist to the institution's Pedagogical Political Project and to the effective implementation of EE, understanding that the teacher's target is not only complement this suggestion, but also find answers to the questions that issue evokes and thus, propose alternative ways of thinking and acting.
O trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a contribui??o de pr?ticas de Educa??o Ambiental (EA), no projeto pedag?gico do Col?gio T?cnico da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (CTUR). Inicialmente, foi feito um estudo explorat?rio com os alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino M?dio em Agropecu?ria Org?nica e uma parte dos funcion?rios da escola, utilizando-se, como elementos de motiva??o, v?deos de curta dura??o, visita pelas instala??es do col?gio para observa??o de um problema ambiental espec?fico - o lixo comum, e visita guiada ao dep?sito de lixo da cidade de Serop?dica. Ap?s essas atividades, foi feito um levantamento da percep??o ambiental dos participantes, mediante manifesta??es livres por meio da elabora??o de relat?rios do que foi visto e discutido nas atividades, seguido de uma exposi??o de id?ias, com apresenta??o de solu??es poss?veis para o problema do lixo escolar. ? continua??o, foi aplicado um question?rio semiestruturado com quest?es abertas, nas quais o entrevistado manifestou-se livremente por escrito sobre o tema proposto, e com quest?es fechadas pr?-formuladas, mediante as quais assinalava respostas que melhor representavam sua opini?o. Responderam ao question?rio 65 entrevistados, entre estudantes e funcion?rios. Os question?rios foram analisados estatisticamente por dispers?o e pelos resultados, observou-se que os argumentos dos entrevis tados foram tipicamente cartesianos. Essa vis?o reducionista limita a capacidade de enxergar o problema de uma forma sist?mica, pois s?o argumentos que apresentam uma concep??o mecanicista do universo, cujas leis, de acordo com essa concep??o, poderiam em tese, ser aprendidas objetivamente mediante procedimentos cient?ficos. Essas estruturas de pensamento n?o s?o exclusivas dos entrevistados, sobretudo dos estudantes. Elas foram certamente consolidadas no conv?vio familiar, nas rela??es de vizinhan?a e nos demais grupos de relacionamento, inclusive na escola. Dentro desta perspectiva, entende-se que ? EA cabe a tarefa de desarmar essas estruturas de pensamento que percebem a rela??o homem/natureza dentro de uma mec?nica bin?ria na l?gica formal e racionalista. Esta pesquisa serviu-se de uma popula??o especial que pode ser considerada representativa da elite discente do pa?s. Portanto, n?o se tratam de conclus?es generalizadas sobre o conjunto da popula??o brasileira. Se essa premissa ? verdadeira, a constata??o ? de que a situa??o ? preocupante, pois a grande maioria dos brasileiros seguramente encontra-se em condi??es instrucionais menos privilegiadas do que os participantes dessa pesquisa, sustentando o argumento de que os resultados obtidos s?o representativos e espelham a realidade brasileira, o que subsidiaria a prem?ncia na implementa??o da EA no curr?culo das escolas de todo o pa?s. A an?lise dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa permitiu uma interpreta??o e um diagn?stico mais preciso e pormenorizado do quadro da EA nos seus mais variados aspectos no ?mbito do CTUR. Como resultado, puderam-se identificar equ?vocos e falhas, decorrente principalmente de uma abordagem superficial da EA na institui??o. Foi dado um conjunto de sugest?es, de car?ter epistemol?gico, para auxiliar no Projeto Pol?tico Pedag?gico da institui??o e na implementa??o efetiva da EA, entendendo que a tarefa do professor ?, n?o s? complementar essa sugest?o, como tamb?m encontrar respostas ?s provoca??es que o tema evoca e, assim, propor formas alternativas de pensamento e de atua??o.
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Jonsson, Paula Valéria Moura. "Prática pedagógica do professor iniciante na rede municipal de ensino de Ponta Grossa/PR." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2017. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2363.
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O presente estudo tem como objeto a prática pedagógica do professor iniciante nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Ponta Grossa/PR. A discussão justifica-se devido ao debate sobre o início da docência ter se intensificado nos últimos anos, sendo vista como período importante no desenvolvimento profissional docente. Tem-se como problemática de pesquisa a questão: Como se efetiva a prática pedagógica do professor iniciante dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental na rede municipal de ensino de Ponta Grossa/PR? Os objetivos da pesquisa são: a) Analisar quais são os fatores que determinam a prática pedagógica do professor iniciante dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental; b) Identificar quais são as dificuldades que os professores iniciantes enfrentam em sua prática pedagógica no início da carreira; c) Identificar as estratégias teórico-metodológicas que os professores iniciantes utilizam para superar os problemas e dificuldades encontradas na prática pedagógica. Ao longo do processo de pesquisa, foram abordados os seguintes conceitos: professor iniciante e sua inserção profissional (MARCELO 1999; VAILLANT; MARCELO, 2009, 2012; HUBERMAN, 2013); prática pedagógica (GIMENO SACRISTÁN, 1999; VASQUEZ, 2011); clima organizacional e características da escola (BRUNET, 1992; NÓVOA, 1992); a formação inicial do professor iniciante e as relações com a prática pedagógica (BISSOLI DA SILVA, 2006; ROMANOWSKI, 2007; SAVIANI, 2012). Apresentam-se discussões sobre o início da docência que permeiam o Plano Nacional de Educação e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Formação Inicial e Continuada dos Profissionais do Magistério da Educação Básica. Além disso, o Estágio Supervisionado é contemplado nas discussões (SILVA, 2011), assim como a possibilidade de pesquisa no processo de formação de professores (LÜDKE, 1993, 2001; GASPARIN, 2002; ANDRÉ, 2006) e também o conceito de habitus (BOURDIEU, 1983, 2009). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida numa perspectiva qualitativa, cujos dados foram obtidos com a aplicação de questionário e com a realização de Grupo de Discussão, a partir de Wivian e Pfaff (2010), Callejo (2001) e Gutiérrez (2001). A investigação foi realizada com 21 professoras da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Ponta Grossa/PR, lotadas em 18 escolas. Utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo (2011) para a análise e o tratamento dos dados. Os resultados evidenciaram que a prática das professoras iniciantes é determinada pelos saberes construídos na formação inicial e que as dificuldades encontradas em suas práticas estão relacionadas com as interações com os demais professores da escola e com o clima organizacional das instituições. As professoras iniciantes buscam pesquisar, por elas mesmas, os subsídios teórico-metodológicos para superar os óbices encontrados e, assim, efetivam sua prática pedagógica a partir dos pressupostos da formação inicial e por meio da interação com os pares.
This study aims to discuss the pedagogical practice of the beginnings teachers in the first years of the public elementary education in the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná (BRA). The research is justified by the discussions about the beginning teachers increased sharply in the last years, seen as an important phase for the development of the teacher´s career. The problematic of the research is: How does the pedagogical practice of the beginning teacher in the first years of the public elementary education take place in the city of Ponta Grossa? The research objects were: a) to reveal the factors that determine the practice; b) identify what are the difficulties of beginning teachers finding in their pedagogical practice in first years of teaching; c) identify the theoretical and methodological strategies that beginner teachers use to overcome the problems and difficulties perceived in pedagogical practice. Throughout the research process were discussed the following concepts: beginning teacher and professional insertion (MARCELO 1999; VAILLANT; MARCELO, 2009, 2012; HUBERMAN, 2013); pedagogical practice (GIMENO SACRISTÁN, 1999; VASQUEZ, 2011); organizational atmosphere and school characteristics (BRUNET, 1992; NÓVOA, 1992); the beginning teacher’s knowledge and the relations with the pedagogical practice (BISSOLI DA SILVA, 2006; ROMANOWSKI, 2007; SAVIANI, 2012). Discussions about the beginning of teaching that permeate the Brazilian National Education Program and the Brazilian National Curricular Guidelines for the Initial and Continuous Formation for Elementary Education Teachers are presented. Also compose the discussions of this work: the supervised internship (SILVA, 2011); the possibility of research in teachers training process (LÜDKE, 1993, 2001; ANDRÉ, 2006; GASPARIN, 2002) and the concept of habitus (BOURDIEU, 1983, 2009). Qualitative research was used to investigate the data, which were obtained by the questionnaire and the Discussion Group, from Wivian and Pfaff (2010), Callejo (2001) and Gutiérrez (2001). The research was carried out with 21 public school teachers of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, located in 18 schools. The Content Analysis (2011) was used for the analysis and treatment of the data. The results showed that the practice of the beginning teachers is determined by the knowledge built in the initial formation, and that the difficulties perceived in their practices are related to the interactions with the other teachers of the school and the organizational atmosphere. The beginning teachers seek by themselves to research the theoretical and methodological subsidies to overcome the obstacles perceived, and so they prosecute their pedagogical practice since the presuppositions of the initial formation and by interacting with the coworkers.
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Silva, Hort?nsia Teresa Tomaz da. "O agir moral na fundamenta??o da metaf?sica dos costumes e na cr?tica da raz?o pr?tica." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM FILOSOFIA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23563.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo deste trabalho ser? investigar como Kant explica ou fundamenta o agir moral na Fundamenta??o da Metaf?sica dos Costumes e na Cr?tica da Raz?o Pr?tica. Com efeito, podemos dizer que o agir moral na primeira est? fundamentado na espontaneidade do agir dada pela liberdade. Na KpV podemos dizer que o agir moral ? fundamentado na lei moral como um factum da raz?o. Portanto, para mostrar esses dois pontos, o seguinte caminho ser? seguido: em 2.1 ser? mostrado o surgimento de uma nova concep??o de moralidade. Em 2.2 veremos que a nova concep??o interpreta a moralidade como autonomia. No ponto 3 examinaremos elementos que caracterizam a natureza do agir moral na GMS e na filosofia moral Kantiana. No ponto 3.1 veremos que Kant sustenta o agir moral na terceira se??o da GMS na ideia de que, quando nos pensamos enquanto livres, somos transportados a um mundo intelig?vel, poss?vel pela liberdade. Tamb?m falaremos, nessa mesma subse??o, sobre os problemas relacionados ao c?rculo vicioso, ? dedu??o da lei moral na GMS bem como ? distin??o entre um mundo sens?vel e intelig?vel. No ponto 4 sobre o factum da raz?o mostraremos o factum como sendo a consci?ncia da lei moral e como n?o sendo pass?vel de dedu??o. Mostraremos que Kant sustenta o agir moral na KpV em tal factum. Ainda introduziremos nesse mesmo t?pico, as duas interpreta??es poss?veis do factum da raz?o. Na subse??o seguinte, em 4.1 ser? mostrada a interpreta??o de Beck (1960) segundo a qual temos na KpV o que poderia corresponder formalmente a uma dedu??o do princ?pio moral. Em 4.2 analisaremos a interpreta??o de Allison (1990) segundo o qual o factum da raz?o pode ser compreendido como factum da raz?o, ou seja, como evid?ncia de que a raz?o pura ? pr?tica. Em 4.3 veremos que, ao contr?rio de Beck, Almeida (1998) ir? negar que seja poss?vel uma dedu??o da lei moral na KpV. Com efeito, Almeida (1998) ir? verificar que em raz?o dessa impossibilidade o sentido de factum da raz?o que se imporia seria o sentido cognitivista (ou intuicionista). Nessa mesma subse??o, tendo em vista a interpreta??o cognitivista exporemos a interpreta??o da Beck (1981) em que o mesmo rejeita o ponto de vista cognitivista. Na subse??o 4.4 veremos, basicamente, a liberdade enquanto condi??o do agir moral na KpV. E, por fim, concentraremos a nossa aten??o no sentimento moral na KpV.
The aim of this work will be to investigate how Kant explains or grounds moral action in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and Critique of Practical Reason. Indeed, we can say that the moral action in the first is grounded on spontaneity of action give by freedom. Therefore, to show these points, the following path will be followed: in 2.1 we will see the emergence of a new conception of morality. In 2.2 we will see that the new conception interprets the morality as autonomy. In section 3 we will examine elements that characterize the nature of moral action in the GMS and in the Kantian moral philosophy. In point 3.1 we will see that Kant sustains moral action in the third section of the GMS in the idea that when we think ourselves as free we are transposed into an intelligible world, possible for freedom. We will also speak in this same subsection of the problems related to the vicious circle, the deduction of the moral law in the GMS as well as the distinction between a sensible and intelligible world. In point 4 on the factum of reason we will show the factum as being the consciousness of the moral law and as not being able to deduction. We will show that Kant sustains the moral action in the KpV on the ideia of such factum. We will also introduce in this same topic the two possible interpretations of the factum of reason. In the next subsection in 4.1 we will show Beck?s (1960) interpretation according to which we have in KpV what could formally correspond to a deduction of the moral principle. In 4.2 we will see Allison?s (1990) interpretation according to which such factum of reason can be understood as factum of reason, that is, as evidence that pure reason is practical. In 4.3 we will show that, unlike Beck (1960), Almeida (1998) will deny that a deduction of the moral law in the KpV is possible. In fact, Almeida (1998), will conclude because of this impossibility, the sense of factum of reason that would be imposed would be the cognitivist (or intuitionist) sense. In this same subsection, in view of the cognitivist interpretation we will expose Beck?s (1981) interpretation in which he rejects the cognitivist point of view. In subsection 4.4 we will see freedom as a condition of moral in the KpV and, finally, we will focus our attention on the moral feeling in the KpV.
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Dippel, Carsten. "Die Kompetenzabgrenzung in der Rechtsprechung von EGMR und EuGH." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97305056X.
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Martins, Andrea Cristina. "A inserção no mundo do trabalho e a proteção jurídica do microempreendedor individual: um estudo no município de Curitiba/PR." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2017. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2335.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Esta tese trata sobre a inserção no mundo do trabalho e a proteção jurídica do microempreendedor individual. Como objetivo central analisou a figura jurídica do microempreendedor individual em um contexto de alterações no mundo do trabalho no país, marcado pela informalidade, desemprego e desassalariamento, entendendo o mundo do trabalho para além do assalariamento e para além do mercado de trabalho. A pesquisa investigou o microempreendedor individual e sua natureza jurídica, buscando compreender a existência, ou não, de proteção legal a esses trabalhadores. Partiu-se do pressuposto que a legislação ao equiparar o microempreendedor individual ao empresário individual desloca a proteção do trabalhador do direito laboral para o direito comum, mudando o paradigma da proteção ao trabalhador para a racionalidade do mercado. Em virtude das especificidades do objeto da pesquisa, como a crise do assalariamento e expansão do discurso empreendedor, foi feita uma escolha pela perspectiva teórica, que entende como conflituosa a relação entre capital e trabalho. Para a investigação, utilizou-se o método dialético, a partir das categorias trabalho, totalidade e contradição, sob o prisma da interdisciplinaridade. Como perspectiva epistemológica, foi utilizado o materialismo histórico. A coleta de dados se deu no município de Curitiba/PR, em virtude de pertencer a uma grande região metropolitana, que passou por um processo de industrialização e posterior processo de relocalização da indústria. Teve como amostra 248 microempreendedores individuais. Como resultados do processo se destacam quatro constatações principais: a) a alta escolaridade não se refletiu no aumento do rendimento; b) a maioria dos microempreendedores individuais exercem suas atividades no setor de serviços, o que expressa uma tendência mundial; c) a presença do discurso empreendedor e da ideia de flexibilidade das relações de trabalho nas causas apontadas pelos microempreendedores individuais para a escolha dessa modalidade de formalização; e, d) a existência da precarização do trabalho para a maior parte da amostra pesquisada que declarou ter a condição de empregado antes da formalização como microempreendedor individual. Conclui-se, então, que a inclusão social e previdenciária proposta pela política do microempreendedor individual tem sido alcançada por apenas uma pequena parcela dos trabalhadores, sendo que para a maior parte dos trabalhadores pesquisados, a formalização como microempreendedor individual tem sido utilizada como uma forma de precarização do trabalho, configurando um deslocamento na proteção a esse trabalhador do campo do direito laboral para o direito comum. Pode-se, assim, inferir que o microempreendedor individual constitui mais um mecanismo de flexibilização e de precarização do trabalho em favor da acumulação do capital para os detentores dos meios de produção.
This thesis is about the insertion on the labor market and the legal protection of the Individual Microentrepreneur (MEI, in Portuguese). The main goal was to analyze the legal figure of the MEI in the context of the changes happening in Brazil's world of work, characterized by informality, unemployment and decrease in wage earnings and, thus, to understand the labor world beyond wages and the labor market. The research investigated the individual microentrepreneurship and its legal nature, seeking to understand the existence, or not, of legal protection to MEI workers. An assumption was made that the legislation, by equating the individual microentrepreneur to the businessman, shifts the worker protection from the labor law to the common law, changing the paradigm from protection of the worker to the rationality of the market.Due to the specificities of the object of research, such as the crisis of wage earning and the expansion of the entrepreneur speech, a choice was made for a theoretical framework that understands the relationship between capital and work as conflicting. For the research, the dialectical method was used, with the categories of work, totality and contradiction, under the prism of interdisciplinarity. The historical materialism was chosen for the methodological perspective.The data collection was made in the city of Curitiba/PR, due to the fact that it belongs to a great metropolitan area, which passed through an industrialization process, followed by a later relocation of the industry. The sample consisted of 248 individual microentrepreneurs. From the analysis of the results, four findings stand out: a) scholarity did not reflect on higher income; b) the majority of the subjects exercise their activities in the service sector, following a global tendency; c) the reasons for choosing individual entrepreneurship as a modality of formalization included the presence of the entrepreneur speech and of the idea of flexibility in the labor relationships; d) the existence of labor devaluation for the majority of the sample, which declared being employed before its formalization as MEI. It can be concluded, therefore, that the social and social security inclusion, proposed by the policy of individual microentrepreneurship has been achieved by a small fraction of workers. For the majority of the interviewed workers, the formalization as MEI has been used as another way of devaluation of wage labor, characterizing a shift in this worker's protection from the field of laboral law to the field of common law. Thus, it can be inferred that the individual microentrepreneurship consists of another mechanism for flexibilization and devaluation of labor in favor of the accumulation of capital for the owners of the means of production.
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?vila, Vladimir Ferreira de. "Saberes hist?ricos e pr?ticas cotidianas sobre o saneamento : desdobramentos na Porto Alegre do s?culo XIX (1850-1900)." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/2343.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-13O trabalho aborda do ponto de vista hist?rico a forma como teria se processado os servi?os de saneamento da cidade de Porto Alegre no s?culo XIX. Para isso, desenvolvemos um estudo que se divide em tr?s partes. Na primeira, discorremos sobre a hist?ria do saneamento desde a antiguidade at? o s?culo XIX, destacando a import?ncia da obra de Hip?crates Ares, ?guas e lugares como elemento a dar base ao desenvolvimento de a??es empreendidas sobre o saneamento das cidades ao longo do tempo. Na segunda parte, destacamos a influ?ncia do pensamento hipocr?tico nas a??es p?blicas direcionadas ao saneamento da Porto Alegre oitocentista, ressaltando a participa??o dos diferentes agentes hist?ricos, os quais denominamos de agentes do saneamento, como componentes essenciais no desenvolvimento desta hist?ria. Para encerrar, tratamos na terceira parte sobre a cont?nua rela??o existente na cotidianidade da cidade entre os agentes do saneamento (indiv?duos), os saberes (hipocr?ticos) e as epidemias (doen?as), como elementos que davam suporte ?s pol?ticas p?blicas empreendidas sobre o espa?o social da cidade. ? visualizando esta constante intera??o, que procuramos descrever o processo de passagem ou de deslocamento entre um dado ideal de limpeza e conseq?entemente de sa?de para um dado momento em que a sa?de (coletiva) passa a ser percebida como o ideal de higiene.
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Espanhol, Evandro. "As concepções dos alunos do ensino médio sobre o conteúdo de ligações químicas: uma análise nos livros didáticos através da prática educacional do SESI/PR." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2313.
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Acompanha: Sequência didática: ligações químicasO presente trabalho objetivou investigar as concepções alternativas dos alunos de Ensino Médio que usam como referência os livros do Plano Nacional do Livro Didático de Química - PNLD, vigentes no ano de 2016, abordando a temática de ligações químicas, através de uma prática educacional por oficinas e trabalho em equipe. Os resultados desta avaliação orientaram a tabulação dos dados, que foram confrontados com um teste aplicado após o ensino e aprendizagem usando os livros didáticos. A intervenção foi realizada em quatro turmas de Ensino Médio que apresentavam estudantes interseriados e no mesmo nível de conhecimento. Cada turma recebeu um livro vigente do PNLD 2016 durante o bimestre, para estudos sobre as ligações químicas. Verificou-se que os alunos apresentaram confusões entre ligação iônica e covalente, estabilidade das substâncias na formação do octeto, dificuldades na visualização tridimensional das moléculas, observação sobre os eventos do nível observável microscópico e dificuldades na representação das ligações químicas. Concluiu-se também, que os alunos apresentam dificuldades na identificação dos íons formados pelos átomos quando a ligação iônica acontece. Pelos resultados obtidos, percebeu-se que, nos quatro livros do PNLD aplicados no ensino e aprendizagem deste conteúdo químico, os alunos obtiveram resultados significativos de aprendizagem, porém todas as turmas apresentaram concepções alternativas, após os estudos realizados através dos livros. Por fim, com a realização deste trabalho, foi disponibilizada uma sequência didática, apresentando aulas, definindo um procedimento encadeado de passos para tornar mais eficiente o processo de aprendizado dos alunos e pretendendo contribuir com a reflexão e o trabalho dos docentes no Ensino de Química.
The present research aimed to investigate the alternative concepts of High School students who use as reference for his/her studies books of the 2016’s NPDB (National Plan for Chemistry workbooks) approaching the theme of ‘chemical bounding’ through a workshop educational practice and group work. The results of this evaluation guided the tabulation of data, which were faced with a test applied after teaching and learning using textbooks. The intervention was conducted in four high school classes that presented interserial students and the same level of knowledge. Each class received a current book from NPDB 2016 during the Bimaster, for studies on chemical bonds. It was found that the students presented confusion between ionic and covalent bonding, stability of the substances in the formation of the octet, difficulties in the three-dimensional visualization of molecules, observation about the events of the microscopic observable level and difficulties in the representation of the chemical bonds. It was also concluded that students have difficulties identifying the ions formed by the atoms when the ionic connection happens. By the results obtained, it was noted that in the four books of the NPDB applied in the teaching and learning of this chemical content, students obtained significant learning results, but all the classes presented alternate concepts after the studies conducted through the books. Finally, with the realization of this work, a didactic sequence was made available, presenting lessons, defining a procedurechained steps to make the pupils ' learning process more efficient and intend to contribute to the reflection and work of teachers in chemistry teaching.
Books on the topic "PR 2353"
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Togo. Code de la presse et de la communication: Loi no 98-004/PR du 11 fevrier 1998 : modifiee par la Loi no 2000-06 du 233 fevrier 2000. [Lome]: Imp. Editogo Lome, 1998.
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Togo. Code de la presse et de la communication: Loi no 98-004/PR du 11 fevrier 1998 : modifiée par la Loi no 2000-06 du 233 fevrier 2000, modifiée par la Loi no 2002-026 du 25 septembre 2002. [Lome]: Imp. Editogo Lome, 2002.
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Togo. Code de la presse et de la communication: Loi no 98-004/PR du 11 fevrier 1998 : modifiée par la Loi no 2000-06 du 233 fevrier 2000, modifiée par la Loi no 2002-026 du 25 septembre 2002. [Lome]: Imp. Editogo Lome, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "PR 2353"
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Brettschneider, Frank. "Verständliche PR-Sprache – Klartext statt Kauderwelsch." In Digitale Unternehmensführung, 141–55. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23053-1_10.
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Kientzler, Fionn, and Benjamin Wienzoschek. "Seeding – PR im Wandel der Digitalisierung." In Digitale Unternehmensführung, 93–101. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23053-1_8.
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Schweitzer, George K., and Lester L. Pesterfield. "The Actinoid Metals." In The Aqueous Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195393354.003.0020.
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The elements making up the Actinoid Metals are those with atomic numbers from 89 through 103: Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, and Lr. The name is meant to parallel the lanthanoids. They are generally abbreviated as An. Their valence electron structures are 7s26d0−25f0−14. These elements resemble the lanthanoids somewhat, but they have a much wider variation in oxidation states. Nor do they resemble each other to the extent that the lanthanoids do, this being a result of the oxidation state variations. Ac resembles La greatly, but Th, Pa, and U resemble their vertical congeners (Hf, Ta, W) more than they resemble Ce, Pr, and Nd. From Np onwards, the resemblance to the lanthanoids increases such that by Am, the actinoid elements are behaving very similarly, showing a predominant oxidation state of III. All of this occurs because the 7s, 6d, and 5f levels are much closer in energy than the 6s, 5d, and 4f levels. Table 18.1 lists the actinoids with several of their pertinent characteristics. No stable isotopes of any of these elements exist, the last element in the Periodic Table with a stable isotope being Bi (Bi-209). However, some of the An elements have isotopes with very long half lives, which means that they are found in nature in relative abundance, most notably as Th-232 (1010.1 years), U-235 (108.8 years), and U-238 (109.7 years). Others are products of the decay of the above isotopes, so even though they are shorter lived, they persist in nature since they are continually being produced. The most important nuclides of this type are Ac-227 (21.8 years) and Pa-231 (104.5 years), both coming from U-235 decay. In U ores, very small amounts of Np-237 (106.3 years), Np-239 (2.4 days), and Pu-239(104.3 years) arise from the interaction of neutrons with U isotopes. Isotopes of the elements beyond U are produced artificially, Np and Pu by neutron capture by U, Am and Cm by multiple neutron capture by Pu, and elements beyond Cm by further neutron captures or bombardment of lower atomic number actinoids with ions of He, B, C, N, or O.
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"1. S. annua (Pallas) Schischkin 1936 in Schedae Herb. Fl. Ross. 10, 64: 72—Nepeta annua Pallas 1783 in Acta Acad. Petropol. 1779, 2: 263. Annual plant. Stems generally branched from base, pubescent, 10-40 cm tall. Leaves petiolate, bipinnatisected, with glandules on lower surface. Inflorescence spicate. Bracts lanceolate, green above. Calyx with squarrose hairs and sessile amber glandules; lobes of calyx green, short-awned, half of tubule. Corolla whitish, pubescent outside, twice longer than calyx. Stamens exserte d from throat, with dark violet anthers. Nutlets dark brown, 2 mm long. On steppe rubbly slopes, rocks, talus and pebble beds in steppe regions. West. Sib.: AL—Go. Cen. Sib.: KR—Kha (between Belyi Iyus and Yenisey rivers—class, hab. and others),Ve, TU.—South. Altay and Mongolia. 2. S. multifida (L.) Briq. 1897 in Pflanzenfam. 4,3a: 235—Nepeta multifida L. 1753, Sp. PL: 572. Perennial plant , herbaceous. Stems generally simple or less-branched, a few on rhizome, pubescent, 15-50 cm tall. Leaves short-petiolate, generally laciniated into 3 or 5 lobes, but lower leaves more often entire, dentate; glandular on lower surface. Inflorescence spicate. Bracts ovate, subacute, with villous pubescence, bluish above. Calyx with squarrose hairs and sessile amber glandules ; lobes of calyx violet-colored, deltoid, awnless, 1/3-1/2 shorter than tubule. Corolla blue-violet, puberulent outside, twice longer than calyx; upper lip shorter than lower lip, incised; lower lip with displaced bilobate midlobe. Stamens in predominantly male flowers exserted from corolla; concealed in throat in predominantly female flowers. Nutlets brown, 1.5 mm long. In East. Sayan (Tunkinsk mountain range), 2 n = 12. On steppified slopes and dry valley meadows. West. Sib.: TYU—Tb, OM, NO, KE, AL—Ba, Go. Cen. Sib.: KR—Kha, Ve, TU. East. Sib.: IR—An, Pr, BU— Se, Yuzh, Chi—Shi, YAK—Vi.—South. Altay, Tarbagatai, Mongolia, Far East. Described from Dauria. Nepeta L." In Flora of Siberia, Vol. 11, 185–87. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482279696-31.
Full textConference papers on the topic "PR 2353"
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Koutrika, G., A. Simitsis, and Y. Ioannidis. "Précis: The Essence of a Query Answer." In 22nd International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde.2006.114.
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Mittal, Sulbha. "Chemoradiation for the management of locally advanced carcinoma uterine cervix: Comparative evaluation of concomitant weekly versus three weekly cisplatin." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685285.
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Aims and Objectives: To determine and evaluate the difference/s, in terms of tumor control and side effects, between weekly and three weekly cisplatin concomitant with external beam radiotherapyfor locally advanced carcinoma of cervix. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Radiotherapy Department, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak (India), on sixty previously untreated, histopathologically proven patients of locally advanced carcinoma of uterine cervix. The patients were treated with External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) 50 Gy/25 fractions over 5 weeks and concomitant cisplatin, followed by intra-cavitary HDR brachytherapy (ICBT) 700 cGy to point A; three times, once in a week. The patients were assigned randomly either of two groups of 30 patients each. In Group I (Study Group) the patients received three weekly cisplatin 75 mg/m2 for 2 cycles whilein Group II (Control Group) the patients received weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m2 for 5 cycles. Evaluation of response and toxicity was done weekly during treatment and monthly thereafter up to six months. The data thus obtained was assessed and analysed using LaMorte statistical tool. The study was approved by Ethical Committee of the institute and quality was periodically monitored by senior consultant and guide. Results: Stage wise disease response in study and control respectively at the end of treatment was as follows: Stage IIA - CR (80% vs 100%), PR (20% vs 0%); Stage IIB - CR (80% vs 76.47%), PR (20% vs 23.53%); Stage IIIA - CR (60% vs 100%), PR (40% vs 0%); Stage IIIB - CR (60% vs 60%), PR (40% vs 20%), NR(0% vs 20%). Stage wise disease status at the end of sixth month follow up was as follows: Stage IIA – NED (80% vs 100%), RD (20% vs 0%); Stage IIB - NED (80% vs 76.67%), RD (20% vs 23.53%); Stage IIIA - NED (60% vs 100%), RD (40% vs 0%); Stage IIIB - NED (60% vs 60%), RD (40% vs 40%). Tumor response was not significantly different in the two groups with respect to age distribution, rural/urban distribution, histopathological distribution and treatment interruption. Maximum level of hematological toxicity (WHO criteria) observed in study and control group respectively at the end of treatment was as follows: Anaemia; Grade II - 4 (13.33%) in both the groups, leukopenia; Grade II – 1 (3.33%) vs 0 (0%). The worst acute skin reactions observed by the end of treatment in Group I and II respectively were Grade II – 2 (6.67%) vs 0 (0%). The worst acute mucosal reactions were Grade II - 5(16.66%) vs 0 (0%). Upper gastrointestinal toxicity (Grade II & III) was 16.7% versus 13.3% respectively. Lower gastrointestinal toxicity (Grade II & III) was 30.0% versus 36.7%. No significant weight loss was observed in either of the groups. Though, all the patients completed the intended treatment, treatment interruption for more than a week was observed in 10 (33.33%) vs 8 (26.67%) patients respectively, due to acute toxicities. Conclusion: Three weekly cisplatin, concomitant with radiation seems to be the potential, effective and acceptable alternate as standard of treatment for locally advanced carcinoma cervix; especially for increased work load and limited resource setups.
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Mittal, Sulbha, Ashok Chauhan, Parajeet Kaur, and Yash Pal Verma. "Chemoradiation for the management of locally advanced carcinoma uterine cervix: Comparative evaluation of concomitant weekly versus three weekly cisplatin." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685271.
Full textAbstract:
Aims and Objectives: To determine and evaluate the difference/s, in terms of tumor control and side effects, between weekly and three weekly cisplatin concomitant with external beam radiotherapyfor locally advanced carcinoma of cervix. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Radiotherapy Department, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak (India), on sixty previously untreated, histopathologically proven patients of locally advanced carcinoma of uterine cervix. The patients were treated with External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) 50 Gy/25 fractions over 5 weeks and concomitant cisplatin, followed by intra-cavitary HDR brachytherapy (ICBT) 700 cGy to point A; three times, once in a week. The patients were assigned randomly either of two groups of 30 patients each. In Group I (Study Group) the patients received three weekly cisplatin 75 mg/m2 for 2 cycles whilein Group II (Control Group) the patients received weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m2 for 5 cycles. Evaluation of response and toxicity was done weekly during treatment and monthly thereafter up to six months. The data thus obtained was assessed and analysed using La Morte statistical tool. The study was approved by Ethical committee of the institute and quality was periodically monitored by senior consultant and guide. Results: Stage wise disease response in study and control respectively at the end of treatment was as follows: Stage IIA-CR (80% vs 100%), PR (20% vs 0%); Stage IIB-CR (80% vs 76.47%), PR (20% vs 23.53%); Stage IIIA-CR (60% vs 100%), PR (40% vs 0%); Stage IIIB-CR (60% vs 60%), PR (40% vs 20%), NR (0% vs 20%). Stage wise disease status at the end of sixth month follow up was as follows: Stage IIA – NED (80% vs 100%), RD (20% vs 0%); Stage IIB – NED (80% vs 76.67%), RD (20% vs 23.53%); Stage IIIA – NED (60% vs 100%), RD (40% vs 0%); Stage IIIB - NED (60% vs 60%), RD (40% vs 40%). Tumor response was not significantly different in the two groups with respect to age distribution, rural/urban distribution, histopathological distribution and treatment interruption. Maximum level of hematological toxicity (WHO criteria) observed in study and control group respectively at the end of treatment was as follows: Anaemia; Grade II - 4 (13.33%) in both the groups, Leukopenia; Grade II - 1 (3.33%) vs 0 (0%). The worst acute skin reactions observed by the end of treatment in Group I and II respectively were grade II - 2 (6.67%) vs 0 (0%). The worst acute mucosal reactions were grade II - 5 (16.66%) vs 0 (0%). Upper Gastrointestinal toxicity (Grade II & III) was 16.7% versus 13.3% respectively. Lower gastrointestinal toxicity (Grade II & III) was 30.0% versus 36.7%. No significant weight loss was observed in either of the groups. Though, all the patients completed the intended treatment, treatment interruption for more than a week was observed in 10 (33.33%) vs 8 (26.67%) patients respectively, due to acute toxicities. Conclusion: Three weekly cisplatin, concomitant with radiation seems to be the potential, effective and acceptable alternate as standard of treatment for locally advanced carcinoma cervix; especially for increased work load and limited resource setups.