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Academic literature on the topic 'PR English literature'
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Journal articles on the topic "PR English literature"
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Devdiuk, Ivanna. "Urban Existence in the Interwar English Literature." Respectus Philologicus, no. 36(41) (October 16, 2019): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.24.
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The paper highlights the peculiarities of the artistic modifications of urban existence in the English literature of the interwar period. We have analysed such novels as Death of a Hero by Richard Aldington, Antic Hay by Aldous Huxley, and Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf, in which in the light of M. Heidegger’s analytic of Dasein, we investigated the ways of the main characters’ awareness of their own possibilities in a city. The article follows through the correlation between the heroes’ existence and urban reality, in which it is projected. We have discovered that in the novels Death of a Hero and Antic Hay urban discourse is characterised by eschatological markers, in which the semantics of the heroes’ loss of spiritual values and beliefs is expressed. Because of the lack of understanding of the world, George Winterbourne and Theodore Gumbrill are not capable to perceive true nature of their own selves and achieve maturity. This leads to self-alienation and dissolving in the ‘they’, which is a manifestation of falling into average everydayness. The mode of pr ojection of oneself into the future is illustrated by the image of Mrs. Dalloway from the eponymous novel by Virginia Woolf, in which the horizon of existence is revealed as a free choice in the face of finitude. The study demonstrates how differently characters can perceive the city in the face of a choice between true and untrue existence, between themselves and others, between freedom and dependence.
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Angelico, Giuseppe, Angela Santoro, Frediano Inzani, Patrizia Straccia, Damiano Arciuolo, Antonino Mulè, Michele Valente, et al. "Hormonal Environment and HER2 Status in Extra-Mammary Paget’s Disease (eMPD): A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis with Clinical Considerations." Diagnostics 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10121040.
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Background. Extra-mammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare neoplasm of epithelial origin, whose precise incidence is not clear. Starting from what is already known, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate in male and female patients the immunohistochemical expression of biological markers that could serve as potential prognostic/therapeutic factors, including only human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), and Androgen Receptor (AR). Methods. A literature search was performed of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for English-language studies published from January 2000 to June 2020. Results. A total of 27 studies with 713 patients assessed the role of HER2/neu, AR, ER, and PR expression in male and female with EMPD. The overall rate of HER2/neu expression was 30%, the expression’s rate for ER and AR was 13% and 40%, respectively, and the overall rate for PR was 8%. The subgroup analysis revealed that there is a different expression of molecular markers between male and female patients. Conclusions. This study revealed that AR status and HER2/neu overexpression/amplification have been shown as two fundamental pathogenetic pathways in both female and male patients affected by EMPD.
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Snyder, Natalie, Ria Wilson, Lian Finch, Brooklyn Gallant, Chris Landa, Daniel Frankel, Dina Brooks, Tara Packham, and Ana Oliveira. "The Role of Occupational Therapy in Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs: Protocol for a Scoping Review." JMIR Research Protocols 10, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): e30244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30244.
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Background Chronic respiratory diseases are highly prevalent and compromise an individual’s ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and participate in meaningful life roles. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a well-established intervention aimed at restoring an individual’s exercise capacity and improving their ability to complete their ADLs. Occupational therapists help individuals engage in meaningful “occupations,” improving their health and well-being. Given the concordance in the aims of PR and the occupational therapy (OT) scope of practice, occupational therapists appear to be well suited as key players in PR programs. However, the benefits of adding OT to PR programs have been sparsely reported in the literature and the role of OT in PR has never been synthesized or reported in national and international guidelines. Objective The aim of this review is to explore the role of OT in PR programs, the current guideline recommendations for the inclusion of OT in PR programs, the estimated prevalence of OT in PR programs, and the reported or anticipated effects of OT interventions in PR programs. Methods The review will be conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search will be undertaken in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL (EBSCO) to identify and retrieve relevant literature published in English, French, or Portuguese. Gray literature on international OT association websites will also be identified, including position statements and guidelines relevant to PR programs. All literature published since the establishment of the effectiveness of PR for chronic respiratory disease in 1994 that explores OT in PR programs for these patients will be included. Search results will be exported to Covidence for title, abstract, and full-text screening by two independent reviewers. Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers using a pilot-tested template including the following: the number of PR programs including OT (specifically from surveys), the purpose of the study, the study design, patient characteristics, respiratory conditions included, PR components, OT role, outcomes, and results. Findings will be presented using a narrative summary, supplemented by figures and/or tables. Key themes will be displayed in an infographic or schematic. Results The study was initiated in January 2021 and registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) in February 2021, prior to title and abstract screening. Data collection and analysis and drafting of the manuscript will occur throughout 2021, with expected publication in 2022. Conclusions The results of this scoping review will help health care professionals improve patient care by broadening their understanding and awareness of the role of OT in PR programs. This role clarification may help to inform program development and clinical decision making and will serve to optimize the delivery of multidisciplinary care for patients in PR programs, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Trial Registration OSF Registries ZH63W; https://osf.io/zh63w International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/30244
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Dos Santos, Ane Caroline, and Fábio Henrique Rosa Senefonte. "Ensino de Inglês para Alunos com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade." Revista de Ensino, Educação e Ciências Humanas 22, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8733.2021v22n2p170-177.
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ResumoTendo como pano de fundo o ensino de línguas para alunos com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH), esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral investigar a realidade e as possibilidades em relação ao ensino de inglês para alunos TDAH no município de Andirá-PR. Como objetivo específico, este estudo busca descrever e explicar estratégias/métodos na pedagogia de inglês para alunos com TDAH no município citado. Alinhadas aos objetivos, o estudo visa responder às seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: (a) Que desafios, se algum, os professores enfrentam ao ensinar inglês a alunos com TDAH no contexto investigado? (b) Que estratégias de ensino são empregadas para o ensino de inglês a alunos com TDAH? A literatura que embasa o estudo se situa no âmbito do ensino e aprendizagem de línguas para alunos com TDAH. Este estudo de caso, de natureza qualitativa, envolve dois participantes de duas escolas públicas no município supramencionado. O instrumento de geração de dados se constitui de observação de seis aulas, três em cada instituição, e uma entrevista semiestruturada, gravada em áudio. Os dados sinalizam uma falta de sistematização e dificuldades metodológicas para a pedagogia de língua inglesa. No entanto, a integração de alunos com TDAH pode trazer ganhos de ordem cognitiva e pragmática. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Língua Inglesa. Perspectiva Inclusiva. TDAH. AbstractHaving as background language teaching to students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), this research primarily aims to investigate the reality and possibilities regarding English teaching to students with ADHD in Andirá-PR. Furthermore, it seeks to describe and explain strategies/ methods for English teaching to students with ADHD in the aforementioned town. Aligned with the aims, this study also endeavors to answer the following research questions: (a) What challenges, if any, do teachers face when they teach English to students with ADAH in the context investigated? (b) Which strategies/ methods are employed in English teaching to students with ADAH? The literature that supports this research includes the context of teaching-learning to students with ADHD. The case study, of qualitative nature, involves two participants of two public schools in the above-mentioned town. The data generation tools encompass observations of six classes, three in each institution and a semi-structured, audio-recorded interview. The findings bespeak a lack of systematization and methodological difficulties to English teaching. Nonetheless, the integration of students with ADHD seems to promote cognitive and pragmatic gains. Keywords: English Language Teaching. Inclusive Education. ADHD
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Alshiekh Nasany, Ruham, Anne Reiner, Katherine Panageas, and Eli Diamond. "RARE-08. ROSAI-DORFMAN-DESTOMBES DISEASE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM; A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi222—vi223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.931.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease (RDD) is a rare non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis with neurologic involvement in fewer than 5% of cases. Data about neurologic RDD is limited. Our objective was to synthesize the clinical literature about presentation, treatments, and outcomes of neurologic RDD. METHODS A multi-database English systematic review search using keywords related to (1) histiocytosis and (2) neurologic involvement. Candidate articles were screened for clinical content. Secondary literature and cases without treatment information were excluded. Sites of involvement, presenting symptoms, treatments, and therapeutic responses were reviewed. RESULTS Of 4768 screened, 153 articles presenting 223 patients were included. Mean age was 37.7 years (range 2–79; IQR 23.5–52.5). 149 patients (66.8%) were male and 74 (33.2%) were female. RDD lesions were located in the dura in 111 (49.8%) of cases, spine in 16.6%, brain parenchyma in 9.0%, orbit in 7.2%, calvarium in 2.7%, and in multiple sites in 13.5%. The most frequent presenting symptoms were headache in 101 (45.3%.), focal neurological deficits (32.7%), visual symptoms (31.8%), seizures (24.7%), cranial (11.7%), and cerebellar dysfunction (11.2%). Cognitive decline, masses were less common presentations. First-line treatments included resection, radiation, corticosteroids, chemotherapy, and combinations of these. First-line treatment led to complete (CR) or partial response (PR) in 153 (68.6%) of cases, stable disease in 30 (13.5%), and progressive disease in 40 (17.9%). CR or PR was observed in the calvarium in 5/6 (83.3%), dura in 82/111 (73.9%), spine in 29/37 (78.4%), orbit 8/16 (50.0%), parenchyma in 15/20 (75.0%), and multiple sites in 14/30 (46.7%). 47 (21.1%) of patients required second-line therapy. DISCUSSION Neurologic RDD is a rare form of histiocytosis with varying sites of involvement, clinical presentations, and responses to treatment. Further investigation of effective therapies for neurologic RDD may improve outcomes for this disease.
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McDevitt, Pamela W., Rachel Fichtner, and James Norman Frame. "Rituximab (R) for the Treatment of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) in Adults: An Analysis of Literature Reports in 92 Patients." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 3721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3721.3721.
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Abstract R is an anti-CD20 MoAb developed to treat B-cell malignancies. While R has been used to treat various autoimmune disorders including AIHA, a systematic review of reports of R to treat AIHA in adults has not been performed. We describe the clinical features and response to R in patients (pts)18 yrs or > with AIHA from PubMed English language citations and manufacturer (Genentech, Inc.) provided reports from 1998–2004. 39 reports (34 case reports, 5 case series) identified 92 pts (M 47, F 44, NS 1) with a mean age of 60.7 yr (range, 18–91). 1°/2° Warm (W) Ab, Cold (C) Ab (± associated disease), and mixed (C/W) AIHA was observed in 11/33, 46, and 2 pts, respectively. Associated disease included: lymphoproliferative (LPD)-(W: NHL 4, CLL 20; C: NHL 26, CLL 1, other 6; C/W: other 1), rheumatologic-(W:6), infectious-(W:2, C:1 with EBV); and other (W:3; C:2) disorders. Other baseline pre-R features included: mean Hgb 7.5 g/dl (range, 2.8–12); >45 pts with a Hgb < 10 g/dl; DAT (+): all W-AIHA; Cold Ab or agglutinin (+): all C-AIHA; both DAT/C Ab(+): C/W-AIHA; previously untreated 17%; prior splenectomy >11 patients; transfusion dependent 21%; and a mean of 2.6 (range, 1–8) prior immunosuppressive regimens. R was administered as 375 mg/m2 IV weekly X 4 in 83% and in other schedules (15%) for a mean of 3 doses (range, 2–8); cycle no. was not stated in 2% pts. R was administered alone in 52 pts and with IVIG 3, chemotherapy 13, or corticosteroids 27. The criteria for response to R included: CR [stable↑ Hgb by 2 or > g/dl or Hgb 12 or > g/dl and (−) W or C Ab or agglutinin, resolution of symptoms of anemia, transfusion independent]; PR (↑ Hgb by 2 or > g/dl or Hgb 10 or > g/dl but < 12 g/dl, and 50% ↓ in C Ab/agglutinin titers, + warm Ab, improvement in symptoms of anemia, transfusion independent); NR (failure to meet CR/PR). 83% were eligible for response determination: R monotherapy-CR 10, PR 22, NR 14; R+other regimen-CR 12, PR 10, NR 8. Pt. response by type of AIHA included: 1° W-Ab (CR 3, PR 1, NR 3), 2° W-Ab (CR 7, PR 14, NR 7), C-Ab ± associated disease (CR 11, PR 17, NR 12) and C/W (CR 1). In the total group, the Hgb increased a mean of 3.8 g/dl (range, −1.4–10.5). Hgb increased in CRs by 5.6 (range, 2.9–10.5), in PRs by 4.0 (0.7–8.1), and in NRs by 2.1(−1.4–9.5). The mean time to response/response duration among CR+PRs was 22 days (range, 5–120)/10.5 mo. (range, 1.5–42). Response duration was recorded as last f/u if the pt did not relapse. Re-treatment with R was reported in 17 pts after initial best reported response (1st cycle PR 14, NR 3) with R alone (9) or in combination with CTX + DEX (5), or IFN (3) achieving 12 PRs (R 5, R+C+D 5, R+IFN 2) and 5 NRs (R 4, R+IFN 1). Reported R toxicity (n): infusion-related (7), myalgia (1), pruritis (2) rash (1) Gr.4 WBC (2) hypotension (1) and headache (2). One pt died from a fungal infection 3 mo.after R therapy. In this report, R ± other agents was effective and well-tolerated producing a 71% response rate with clinically meaningful response durations. LPDs were reported in 63% of pts. Studies of R to prospectively assess treatment and response variables, particularly among pts with with W-Ab AIHA, are warranted.
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Fabien-Dupuis, Corinthia, Brian Cooper, Jeffrey Upperman, Shengmei Zhou, and Nick Shillingford. "Mullerian-Type Ciliated Cyst of the Thigh with PAX-8 and WT1 Positivity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2487820.
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Mullerian-type ciliated cysts are uncommon lesions usually found in the lower extremities and perineal region of young females. They have however been reported in males and in other anatomic sites. The cyst lining is typically positive for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), PAX-8, and WT1 immunohistochemical stains. This staining pattern has led to the notion that these cysts are of Müllerian origin. The vast majority of cases are located in the dermis where the preferred nomenclature is cutaneous ciliated cyst (CCC). We report a case of Müllerian-type ciliated cyst in the thigh of a 16-year-old girl. Unlike most of the cases reported in the English literature, this cyst was not centered in the dermis. Only a few other cases of Müllerian-type ciliated cysts with no cutaneous connection have been reported. We propose the term ectopic Müllerian cyst for this rare subset of lesions that are not skin based as is the current case.
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Fu, Carmen, Yu-Shan Hsu, Margaret A. Shaffer, and Hong Ren. "A longitudinal investigation of self-initiated expatriate organizational socialization." Personnel Review 46, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 182–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-05-2015-0149.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of self-initiated expatriate (SIE) organizational socialization. Design/methodology/approach To assess the socialization process, data were collected at three points in time. SIE English teachers were surveyed at three points in time. At Time 3, data from the principals of those teachers who completed surveys at Time 2 were also collected. Findings Organizational socialization tactics facilitate social integration and learning speed, which, in turn, are positively related to SIE adjustment. Moreover, SIEs who climbed the learning curve more quickly were only able to capitalize on their learning ability to promote performance when their calculative commitment was low. Originality/value First, in contrast with the majority of expatriate socialization studies that tend to focus on the proactive behaviors of expatriates, the authors examine the organizational socialization tactics of a local host organization. Second, they consider the role of calculative commitment, which is especially germane to the SIE context, on SIE performance. Third, this study contributes to the organizational socialization literature by recognizing that socialization is an on-going process that continues to influence employees even after they are no longer “newcomers.” Fourth, the authors assess adjustment directly rather than through proxy measures.
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Kumar Mishra, Sushanta. "Linking perceived organizational support to emotional labor." Personnel Review 43, no. 6 (August 26, 2014): 845–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-09-2012-0160.
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Purpose – Based on two studies on different occupational groups, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and different forms of emotional labor. Drawing from social identity theory, the present study extends the social exchange theory to provide an alternate explanation to the above relationships. Design/methodology/approach – The survey design following questionnaire in English language was physically administered among medical sales employees and subsequently among employees in the hospitality industry. Findings – The study found that POS is positively related to deep acting and negatively related to surface acting. The study further found that organizational identification mediates the relationship between POS and deep acting where as there was no mediation effect of organizational identification on the relationship between POS and surface acting. Research limitations/implications – The research relies on a cross-sectional design with a single source of data collected from two sources at different time periods. Practical implications – With the emergence of service economy there is an increasing emphasis on the performance of emotional labor. The present study suggests that organizations need to focus on organizational practices as employees’ perception of organizational support is related to the way they express their emotions during customer interactions. The finding of the study suggests that on what the organizations should do to motivate employees to perform expected emotional labor. Originality/value – The literature is relatively silent on the relationship between POS and different forms of emotional labor. The present study adds to the existing body of knowledge by explaining POS as an important antecedent of emotional labor. Further, the study contributes by exploring the mediation effect of organizational identification on the relationship between POS and different forms of emotional labor.
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RUNIA, DAVID T. "G. W. CLARKE, Rediscovering Hellenism. The Hellenic Inheritance and the English Imagination. Cambridge University Press, 1989. Pp. XIII, 264. Pr. £30, $55." Mnemosyne 45, no. 1 (May 2, 1992): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-90000024.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "PR English literature"
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Hall, Simon W. "The history of Orkney literature." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2365/.
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The history of Orkney literature is the first full survey of the literature of the Orkney Islands. It examines fiction, non-fiction and poetry that is uncomplicatedly Orcadian, as well as that which has been written about Orkney by authors from outside the islands. Necessarily, the work begins with the great Icelandic chronicle Orkneyinga Saga. Literary aspects of the saga are examined, as well as its place within the wider sphere of saga writing. Most significantly, this study examines how the saga imposes itself on the work of subsequent writers. The book goes on to focua on the significance of Orkney and Orkney history in the work of a number of key nineteenth- and twentieth-century figures, including Sir Walter Scott, Edwin Muir, Eric Linklater, Robert Rendall and George Mackay Brown. The Victorian folklorist and short story writer Walter Traill Dennison is re-evaluated: The History of Orkney Literature demonstrates his central significance to the Orcadian tradition and argues for the relevance of his work to the wider Scottish canon. A fixation with Orkney history is common to all the writers considered herein. This preoccupation necessitates a detailed consideration of the core historiography of J. Storer Clouston. Other non-fiction works which are significant in the creation of this distinctly Orcadian literary identity include Samuel Laing's translation of Heimskringla; the polemical writings of David Balfour; and the historical and folklore studies of Ernest Walker Marwick. The study welcomes many writers into the fold, seeking to map and define a distinctly Orcadian tradition. This tradition can be considered a cousin of Scottish Literature. Although the writing of Orkney is a significant component of Scottish Literature at various historical stages, it nevertheless follows a divergent course. Both the eighteenth century Vernacular Revival and the twentieth century Literary Renaissance facilitate literary work in the islands which nevertheless remains distinctly independent in character. Indigenous Orcadian writers consider themselves to be Orcadians first and Scots or Britons second. Regardless of what they view as their national or political identity, their sense of insular cultural belonging is uniformly and pervasively Orcadian. What emerges is a robust, distinctive and very tight-knit minor literature.
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Talif, Rosli. "Teaching literature in ESL in a Malaysian context : (proposed INSET course designs for literature in ESL instruction)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11560/.
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In view of the recent introduction of a literature component in the Malaysian English language teaching syllabus, this research study sets out to determine the present situation concerning the teaching of literature in ESL in Malaysia with particular reference to the Class Reader Programme (CRP). This is in order to develop two proposed course designs for the teaching of literature in ESL at the secondary school level with special emphasis on the Malaysian context. Under the present circumstances, this study offers an immediate response to the new developments and challenges brought about by the literature in ESL programmes especially when the Malaysian Education Ministry implemented the CRP at the Form One level in all secondary schools beginning from the 1989 academic year. The Ministry also plans to introduce the forthcoming Elective Literature in English Programme (ELEP) for the upper secondary level (Forms Four-Five) during the 1991-92 school session. These programmes aim to introduce the use of literary texts for language and literary purposes. This study is also in line with the current effort undertaken by the Department of Languages at the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM) to develop teaching literature in ESL courses for its pre- and in-service education and training (INSET) programme. Questionnaires were developed and used as the means for gathering the data in three separate surveys which were carried out for the purposes of this study. The three respective surveys were to investigate: (1) the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM) TESL in-service teachers' training to teach literature in ESL in Malaysia; (2) teachers' response to the CRP; and (3) teachers' response to the needs analysis of course components for teaching literature in ESL in Malaysia. In addition, separate interviews which involved two assistant directors from the Ministry of Education, Malaysia had also been undertaken to obtain further information pertaining to the aims and implementation procedures for the literature in ESL programmes (CRP and ELEP) at the secondary school level in Malaysia. The sample for this study consisted of 144 in-service teachers at UPM who were undergoing a four-year Bachelor of Education (B. Ed.) programme in Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) and twenty-three Form One English language teachers from eleven selected rural and urban secondary schools in Malaysia who had been involved with the CRP. The outcome of this study primarily revealed that in the English language syllabus the respondents were not adequately prepared to teach the literature component; thereby, establishing the need for teaching literature in ESL courses in teacher education programmes in Malaysia. In relation to this finding, two proposed course designs which cater for the integrated language and literature teaching programmes in Malaysia (CRP and ELEP) were developed as an initial and practical response toward this undertaking. The two proposed courses are known as "Literature in ESL in the Language Class" and "Literature in ESL in the Literature Class”. Essentially, these two complementary courses promote the use of literary texts in the ESL classroom. Due consideration had been given to the following factors in the process of developing the two proposed courses: (1) the aims and objectives of the literature in ESL programmes in Malaysia (CRP and ELEP); (2) the results of the three empirical surveys which were conducted for the purposes of this study; (3) the review of the literature; and (4) the researcher's five years of practical experience in working with the Teaching of English as a Second Language (TESL) pre- and in-service teacher training and development programme at UPM. It is hoped that the results of this study will have some implications for future considerations on teaching literature in ESL courses, particularly in Malaysia, and also provide some basic principles and directions for future research in the area. More importantly, this initial effort should be regarded as a primary attempt to address the inadequacy of courses on methodology in the teaching of literature in ESL in the Malaysian teacher education curriculum. It may also serve as a practical guide to those who are interested in understanding more about the nature of literature teaching in ESL in general and in the Malaysian context in particular.
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Saunders, Rosalyn. "The monster within : emerging monstrosity in Old English literature." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4166/.
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This thesis examines representations of monstrosity in Old English literature. The literary studies herein examine the construction of monstrous individuals in Old English poetry, and I demonstrate that literary monstrous types converge and develop a tradition of monstrosity that informs the monsters of the Liber monstrorum and Anglo-Saxon Wonders of the East. I argue that, for Old English writers, a monster was not necessarily a deformed being located in the distant lands of the East; rather, the literary and linguistic evidence suggests that any man or woman had the potential to become a monstrous type within the conventional social order. The Old English works examined are Precepts, Maxims I and II, Vainglory, Judith, The Battle of Maldon and Beowulf because each text reveals that Old English writers utilised binary sex and gender differences to define the social roles and behaviours appropriate for the masculine and feminine. According to critical theory, gender is a performance and both men and women must therefore prove their gender identities by behaving in a certain way and fulfilling the roles deemed appropriate for their gender. In failing to conform to the expectations of their gender, a gender-monstrosity matrix works upon the social transgressors, excluding them from the social order and distorting their gender identities into a monstrously confused yet recognisable construct. In the literary works examined, the monstrous type is not only the antithesis to the idealised masculine and feminine, but is also a malevolent figure whose anti-social words and actions transgress gender expectations. I demonstrate that the danger posed by the monster is not only physical, but also psychological. The monster threatens the communal harmony of the social order because, in Old English literature, monstrosity emerges in the form of an uncontrolled riot that incites unrest and enmity in the hall, or as words and outward actions that are purposely deployed (or withheld) in order to demoralise, destroy, and even consume the masculine symbolic order in the pursuit of self-gratification.
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Brljak, Vladmir. "Allegory and modernity in English literature c. 1575-1675." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73270/.
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The thesis examines the place of allegory in the literature and intellectual culture of sixteenth-and seventeenth-century England, especially in its complex and contested relationship to the notion of the period’s (early) modernity. What is modernity’s quarrel with allegory? Why does it run so deep in Western thought, and why has it remained with us to the present day? What specific forms does this quarrel assume in the literary culture of the period now commonly designated as “early modern”? Why has allegory, under its many names, remained a point of differentiation and dispute between various sets of ancients and moderns even into our – some would say “postmodern” – times? Even as scholarship on allegory grows increasingly comprehensive and sophisticated, commentary on these issues has remained sporadic and inconclusive, and the thesis seeks to provide a more focused and comprehensive examination of the subject than has thus far been available. In terms of its format, the thesis pursues with these concerns through three chapters – on “Allegory and Poetics”, “Allegory and Drama”, and “Allegory and Epic” – preceded by an Introduction on “Allegory and Modernity”, and followed by an Afterword on “(Neo)allegory and (Anti)modernity”. The Introduction and Afterword discuss the broader questions raised by the allegory-modernity problem, and thus constitute a polemical frame for the three “case studies” on poetics, drama, and epic, which engage particular sixteenth- and seventeenth century texts and traditions. These range from such canonical staples as Sidney’s Defence of Poesy, Shakespeare’s Hamlet, or Milton’s Paradise Lost to numerous other, less well known, but no less important works. In reconsidering the place of allegory in this corpus, the thesis is primarily intended as a contribution to English literary and intellectual history. On a broader level, it is also intended as a contribution to the more comprehensive project of “allegory studies”: the emergent nexus of interdisciplinary scholarship tackling those comprehensive and fundamental issues raised by the phenomenon of allegory which transcend particular discipline-, period-, or author-focused contexts. The thesis thus hopes to demonstrate the signal importance of the allegory-modernity problem in any advanced understanding of the Western allegorical tradition, at the same time as it sheds new light on what is in many ways the most important and most contested period – apart from our own, perhaps – in the history of this tradition.
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Fisher, Marianne. "Nobility in Middle English romance." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54052/.
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Medieval nobility was a compound and fluid concept, the complexity of which is clearly reflected in the Middle English romances. This dissertation examines fourteen short verse romances, grouped by story-type into three categories. They are: type 1: romance and lost heirs (Degaré Chevelere Assigne, Sir Perceval of Galles, Lybeaus Desconus, and Octvian); type 2: romances about winning a bride (Floris and Blancheflour, The Erle of Tolous, Sir Eglamour of Artois, Sir Degrevant, and the Amis-Belisaunt plot from Amis and Amiloun); type 3: romances of improversihed knights (Amiloun's story from Amis and Amiloun, Sir Isumbras, Sir Amadace, Sir Cleges, and Sir Launfal). The analysis is based on contextualized close reading, drawing on the theories of Pierre Bourdieu. The results show that Middle English romance has no standard criteria for defining nobillity, but draws on the full range of contemporary opinion; understandings of nobility conflict both between and within texts. Ideological consistence is seldom a priority, and the genre apparently serves neither a single socio-political agenda, nor a single socio-political group. The dominant conception of nobility in each romance is determined by the story-type. Romance type 1 presents nobility as inherent in the blood, type 2 emphasizes prowess and force of will, and type 3 concentrates on virtue. However, no romance text offers just one definition; implicitly or explicitly, there are always alternatives. This internal variety indicates tha the romances imagine nobility scene-by-scene; even a text seemingly committed to one perspective is liable to abandon it temporarily if there is another better suited to the narrative moment. Ideological expression always comes second to effective story-telling. This means the texts are frequently inconsistent and sometimes illogical, but that multiplicity is of their very essence.
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Smith, William Leon. "Torontos : representations of Toronto in contemporary Canadian literature." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14507/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines how representations of Toronto in contemporary Canadian literature engage with place and further an understanding of spatial innovation in literature. Acknowledging the Canadian critical tradition of discussing place and space, the thesis moves the focus away from conventional engagements with wilderness motifs and small town narratives. In this way the thesis can be seen to respond to the nascent critical movement that urges engagement with contemporary urban spaces in Canadian literature. Responding to the critical neglect of urban representation, and more particularly, representations of Toronto in Canadian literary criticism, this thesis examines Toronto as a complex and contradictory site of symbolic power across critical, political and popular discourses. Furthermore, this thesis repositions an understanding of Toronto by paying attention to literary texts which depict the city's negotiation of national, local and global forces. The thesis seeks to understand the multiplicity of the city in lived, perceived and conceived forms - seeing Toronto as Torontos. Questioning existing frameworks deployed in Canadian literary criticism, the thesis develops a unique methodology with which to approach the complex issues involved in literary writing about place, drawing on contemporary Canadian criticism and transnational approaches to critical literary geography. The central chapters focus on four texts from the twenty-first century, three novels and one collection of poetry, approaching each text with a critically informed spatial lens in order to draw out how engagements with Toronto develop spatial innovation within literature. The thesis analyses how engaging with Toronto challenges writers to experiment with literary form. In turn the thesis seeks to elucidate the spatial developments achieved through literary writing. The thesis then demonstrates an understanding of the material geography of the city, situating readings with reference to interview material from parties involved in writing, producing and distributing literary depictions of Toronto. Hence it combines traditional literary criticism with a spatially and socially engaged criticism, in order to clearly address the literary geographies of Torontos.
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Boucher, Abigail Kate. "Representations of the aristocratic body in Victorian literature." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7059/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the representations of the aristocratic body in Victorian literature. This thesis argues that the authors often wrote, coded, and interpreted an aristocrat’s physical form as a paradoxical object which reflected many of the complex interclass issues and socio-economic transitions seen throughout the Victorian era. By exploring distinct, sequential genres and types of ‘popular’ fiction in this dissertation, I investigate a broad-spectrum literary treatment of aristocratic bodies as cultural paradoxes: for the same usage of the aristocratic body to crop up again and again in disparate, discrete, and hugely popular forms of literature speaks to the nineteenth-century resonance of the aristocratic body as a codeable symbol and textual object. I use what is termed ‘popular fiction’: fiction largely excluded from the canon, yet with a very large contemporary readership and authors or genres which continued to be widely read immediately following the publication of those individual texts. Popular fiction is, by its very nature, the type of literature that can most reasonably be considered to represent the general, broad-spectrum views of large populations, and in doing so these texts can be used to determine wide-scale desires, anxieties, and expectations surrounding the subjects they contain. Body theory and gaze theory serve as the overarching foundation for exploring the portraiture of aristocratic characters by authors from all classes, although individual chapters deal with their own theoretic approaches to the texts examined within them. Chapter 1 on silver fork fiction from the 1820s to the 1840s uses socio-economic theory, including Bourdieu’s idea of habitus to examine the genre’s treatment of aristocratic bodies as consumer goods and luxury products, which in turn reflected contemporary shifts in social and economic class hegemony. Chapter 2 on G.W.M. Reynolds’s radical 1840s to 1850s serial, The Mysteries of the Court of London, uses the medical humanities and masculinity theory to investigate the text’s endemic infertility in aristocratic men; Reynolds uses the biology of aristocratic male bodies as the locus for moralistic discussions about primogeniture and politics. Chapter 3 on the sensation fiction of Mrs Henry (Ellen Price) Wood utilises feminist theory to illustrate Wood’s portrayal of female aristocrats as bodiless, and yet continually gazed upon; Wood uses the aristocratic female body as a magnifying glass to depict the nineteenth-century female experience, in particular the paradoxes of adhering to private, domestic ideologies while at the same time fulfilling the requirements of the public gaze. Chapter 4 explores the influence of evolutionary theory upon two sister-genres of the fin de siècle Medieval Revival: Ruritanian fiction in Part 1 and a genre I have named the Evolutionary Feudal in Part 2. In Part 1, the aristocratic body is represented as outside of evolution; the genre provides escapism from Darwinism and fin de siècle anxieties of history and (d)evolution by whitewashing the feudal era and subscribing to Thomas Carlyle’s theories of divinely- or cosmically-appointed leaders. Part 2 focuses on texts which depict a post-apocalyptic world returning to a feudal Dark Age, and in which aristocratic bodies are seen evolving or devolving; rather than whitewashing history, the Evolutionary Feudal locates history’s darkest origins in the aristocratic body as a way of predicting possible futures and coping with the concerns of degeneration.
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Cavill, Paul. "Maxims in Old English poetry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11063/.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of the thesis is on maxims and gnomes in Old English poetry, but the occasional occurrence of these forms of expression in Old English prose and in other Old Germanic literature is also given attention, particularly in the earlier chapters. Chapters 1 to 3 are general, investigating a wide range of material to see how and why maxims were used, then to define the forms, and distinguish them from proverbs. The conclusions of these chapters are that maxims are ‘nomic’, they organise experience in a conventional, authoritative fashion. They are also ‘proverbial’ in the sense of being recognisable and repeatable, but they do not have the fixed form of proverbs. Chapters 4 to 7 are more specific in their focus, applying techniques from formulaic theory, paroemiology and the sociology of knowledge to the material so as to better understand how maxims are used in their contexts in the poems, and to appreciate the nature and function of the Maxims collections. The conclusions reached here are that the maxims in Beowulf 183b-88 are integral to the poem, that maxims in The Battle of Maldon show how the poet manipulated the social functions of the form for his own purposes, that there is virtually no paganism in Old English maxims, and that the Maxims poems outline and illustrate an Anglo-Saxon world view. The main contribution of the thesis is that it goes beyond traditional commentary in analysing the purpose and function of maxims. It does not merely focus on individual poems, but attempts to deal with a limited aspect of the Old English oral and literary tradition. The primary aim is to understand the general procedures of the poets in using maxims and compiling compendia of them, and then to apply insights gained from theoretical approaches to the specifics of poems.
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Evans, Dewi. "Ideas of books and reading in literature, 1880-1914." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/41976/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis elucidates some of the ways in which concerns about the status of ‘the book’ at the end of the nineteenth century both inform and are, in turn, informed by the representation of books in the period’s fiction. Focusing on the work of Oscar Wilde, Robert Louis Stevenson, M.R. James and E.M. Forster, I argue that their fiction places a discursive ‘idea’ of the book at the centre of a range of socio-political debates in which literary texts participate and which they also help to shape. In particular, I argue that the fragmentation of dominant nineteenth-century print-cultural institutions forms an important context for these authors’ preoccupation with the ability of the written word to refract ideas and experiences it purports accurately to reflect. In Wilde’s work, for example, books are simultaneously the facilitators of panoptic surveillance and sites upon which, by asserting their right to a wholly subjective interpretation of text, readers can resist such surveillance. Stevenson’s adventure fiction is underscored by similar anxieties about the insidious formative influence of fiction – anxieties that lead him to adopt a range of metafictional strategies, designed to draw the reader’s attention to the book as the product of a specific marketplace. James and Forster’s fiction goes further, using books as the symbol of a wider epistemological crisis that underscores turn-of-the-century reading practices. Ultimately all four writers reject, in different ways, a utilitarian conception of books as repositories for knowledge about the world, to which readers’ own subjectivities must become subordinate in order to ensure a ‘right’ reading. Instead, they foreshadow modern reader response theory, presenting books as sites upon which ‘ideas’ – the product of a dynamic interaction between text and reader – are continually shaped and reshaped as they circulate within the ideologically-charged materiality of a particular historical moment.
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Woolner, Victoria Evelyn. "Scottish romanticism and its impact on early Canadian literature." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5071/.
Full textAbstract:
This research considers the impact of Scottish romanticism on the construction of literary identity in the Canadas prior to Confederation (1867). I argue that early Scottish dominance in literary Canada, and similarities faced by both countries in defining a sense of self—including participation in a wider empire (or Union), populations divided by language and religion, and the need for a distinct identity in the face of a dominant neighbour to the south—all contributed to a tendency on the part of Canadians to look to Scotland as a model. Through an examination of early Canadian literature and on-going British constructions of the colony, the thesis considers the manner in which Scottish romantic strategies of literary nationalism are deployed and manipulated in the process of articulating a Canadian identity. Particular attention is paid to the works of John Galt and Major John Richardson, while tropes examined include the construction of landscape and settlement narratives, stadial histories, the historical novel, national tale and the depiction of a national history, and the manipulation of a romanticised Scottish military past in constructing Canadian history.
Books on the topic "PR English literature"
1
Classification. Class P. Subclasses PN, PR, PS, PZ. Literature (general), English and American literature, fiction in English, juvenile belles lettres. 3rd ed. Washington: The Library, 1988.
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2
Library of Congress. Library of Congress classification. PR, PS, PZ. English and American literature. Juvenile belles lettres. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service, 2008.
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3
Library of Congress. Library of Congress classification. PR, PS, PZ. English and American literature. Juvenile belles lettres. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service, 2005.
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4
Library of Congress. Library of Congress classification. PR, PS, PZ. English and American literature. Juvenile belles lettres. Washington, D.C: Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service, 1999.
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5
Library of Congress. Library of Congress classification. PR, PS, PZ. English and American literature and juvenile belles lettres. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service, 2012.
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6
Beaumont, Francis. Works (Bcli-Pr English Literature Series). Reprint Services Corp, 1992.
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7
Superlccs 2004 Schedule Pr-pz: English & American Literature (SUPERLCCS: Schedule PR-Pz English & American Literature). Thomson Gale, 2005.
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Superlccs 2002 Schedule Pr-Pz: English & American Literature (SUPERLCCS: Schedule PR-Pz English & American Literature). 2nd ed. Gale Group, 2003.
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9
Byron, Byron George Gordon, and John C. Fox. The Byron Mystery (Bcl1-Pr English Literature). Reprint Services Corporation, 1992.
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10
Fausset, Hugh I'anson. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (BCL1-PR English Literature). Reprint Services Corp, 2007.
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