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Academic literature on the topic 'Pracownia krzemieniarska'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 April 2022

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Books on the topic "Pracownia krzemieniarska"

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Trela-Kieferling, Elżbieta, ed. Nakopalniane pracownie krzemieniarskie z okresu neolitu w Bęble, stan. 4, woj. małopolskie / Neolithic flint workshops at the mine in Bębło, site 4, Małopolska. Muzeum Archeologiczne w Krakowie; Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/bmak.10.

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The flint mine in Bębło is situated in the Ojców Upland within the Olkusz Upland, above the Kluczwoda, Bolechówka and Bębłówka river valleys. Its vast mining field lies on a slope of a crest facing south-east, rising above a small valley, now dry but once crossed by a watercourse, to a height of approx. 30 metres. In the late 5th millennium BC, irregular flint concretions were extracted there through small shallow pits located one next to the other and reaching the bottom of karst karren. The nature, function and relative chronology of Site 4 in Bębło are crucial to the analysis of flint mining and reduction techniques in southern Poland in the middle phase of the Lengyel culture. They can also prove useful in tracing the relationship between the local technological changes and the influx of new ideas linked with the “second stage of the Neolithization in the Polish territories”.
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Book chapters on the topic "Pracownia krzemieniarska"

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Trela-Kieferling, Elżbieta. "Klasyfikacja technologiczna wyrobów krzemiennych ze stanowiska 4 w Bęble, pow. krakowski / Technological classification of flint artefacts from Site 4 in Bębło, Kraków district." In Nakopalniane pracownie krzemieniarskie z okresu neolitu w Bęble, stan. 4, woj. małopolskie / Neolithic flint workshops at the mine in Bębło, site 4, Małopolska, 49–168. Muzeum Archeologiczne w Krakowie; Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/bmak.10.4.

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The flint collection from Site 4 in Bębło, the Kraków district, consists of more than 8,800 artefacts preserved in their entirety or in fragments: precores, cores, distinctive items, tools (including typological tools produced from debitage, mining tools, fragmentarily retouched items, and hammers), blades, flakes and a small number of chunks. Both approaches: chaîne opératoire and dynamic classification, have been used to analyse the assemblages. The chapter includes 21 figures, 35 tables and 64 plates that document and show results of the analysis of the material.
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Zakrzeńska, Justyna. "Bębło, stan. 4, pow. krakowski. Materiały z badań Stanisława Kowalskiego i Janusza Krzysztofa Kozłowskiego – składanki / Bębło, site 4, Kraków district: the refitting of the material excavated by Stanisław Kowalski and Janusz Krzysztof Kozłowski." In Nakopalniane pracownie krzemieniarskie z okresu neolitu w Bęble, stan. 4, woj. małopolskie / Neolithic flint workshops at the mine in Bębło, site 4, Małopolska, 187–94. Muzeum Archeologiczne w Krakowie; Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/bmak.10.6.

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The analysis of the refitting of flint artefacts excavated by S. Kowalski and J. K. Kozłowski at Site 4 in Bębło, Kraków district, in 1954, has covered only a part of that material, approx. 1000 items: all precores and cores, blades and distinctive spalls, as well as those flakes (together with a few chips and chunks) that were located precisely within the excavation. The analysis of the material has brought rather negative results. The two-constituent refits make up approx. 0.5% of all studied items, a significantly lower number than in other Final Palaeolithic or Late Palaeolithic assemblages, where the percentage of refits usually ranges between 10% and 20%. The absence of refitted cores and sequences of blades can be explained by the character of the Bębło site, a workshop specialised in the production and export of blade debitage. The absence of refits related to the preparation and repair of cores is more difficult to account for. It may have resulted from several factors.
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Przybyła, Marcin, Michał Podsiadło, and Piotr Gruba. "Badania magnetyczne i elektrooporowe na terenie kopalni krzemienia w Bęble, stan. 4, pow. krakowski / Magnetic survey and electrical resistivity tomography at the flint mine in Bębło, Site 4, Kraków district." In Nakopalniane pracownie krzemieniarskie z okresu neolitu w Bęble, stan. 4, woj. małopolskie / Neolithic flint workshops at the mine in Bębło, site 4, Małopolska, 15–30. Muzeum Archeologiczne w Krakowie; Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/bmak.10.2.

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The magnetic and electrical resistivity surveys have led to identifying the geological structure of Site 4 in Bębło, revealing varied limestone karren: karst grooves and clints, at a depth of one metre, under a shallow layer of humus and clayey loess. The bottom of those grooves may have been covered with flint concretions, and it is likely that flint was extracted exactly from there. The clarity of magnetic and geoelectrical anomalies in Bębło indicates that the test results reflect the true character of the mine. The absence of anomalies related to large and deep shafts seems to stem from the lack of those features in Bębło, not from their low susceptibility to geophysical testing. This substantiates the view that flint was extracted in Bębło solely by the method of open-pit mining. The area of intensive extraction may have coincided with the zones of lower resistivity, although this thesis must be verified by excavation. The examined part of the site was subjected to detailed surface survey. Mining items were detected throughout the surveyed area, while workshop items concentrated in the northern part of the site and were almost absent from the lower resistivity zones. This may confirm the opinion that the zones of homogeneously lower resistivity were produced by intensive mining that disturbed the near-surface layers of relatively high resistivity. It is worth noting that the lower resistivity zones do not show any anomalies produced by karst karren that are clearly traceable outside those sections. It is possible, therefore, that the karst features in those places were destroyed by Neolithic miners as well. The geophysical testing, carried out over five hectares, did not cover the entire site, as proven by the scatter pattern of the artefacts on the surface.
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Trela-Kieferling, Elżbieta. "Lokalizacja, historia i stan badań stanowiska 4 w Bęble, pow. krakowski / Site 4 in Bębło, Kraków district: its location and history, and the present." In Nakopalniane pracownie krzemieniarskie z okresu neolitu w Bęble, stan. 4, woj. małopolskie / Neolithic flint workshops at the mine in Bębło, site 4, Małopolska, 9–14. Muzeum Archeologiczne w Krakowie; Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/bmak.10.1.

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Site 4 in Bębło (Wielka Wieś commune, Kraków district, Małopolskie province), described earlier as Bębło-Zachruście or Bębło Site 1, lies on a plateau and the southern slope of a vast crest rising above a small dry valley to a height of 30 metres in the Ojców Upland, a part of the Olkusz Upland. At present, the Bębło collection in the Archaeological Museum in Kraków consists of 7647 flint artefacts uncovered by Albin Jura and 1244 flint artefacts from the exploration carried out by S. Kowalski and J.K. Kozłowski. The analysis of the flint artefacts and the non-invasive exploration of Site 4 in Bębło have been carried out within the grant implemented by the Archaeological Museum in Kraków with the financial support of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, within Priority 5 of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage, project no. 00298/20, supervised by Elżbieta Trela-Kieferling.
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Pyżewicz, Katarzyna. "Bębło, stan. 4, pow. krakowski. Badania traseologiczne materiałów krzemiennych / Site 4 in Bębło, Kraków district: microwear analysis of the flint material." In Nakopalniane pracownie krzemieniarskie z okresu neolitu w Bęble, stan. 4, woj. małopolskie / Neolithic flint workshops at the mine in Bębło, site 4, Małopolska, 169–86. Muzeum Archeologiczne w Krakowie; Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/bmak.10.5.

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Microwear analysis of flint materials recovered from sites related to flint mining poses several problems. The artefacts have been exposed to post-depositional destructive factors: to the pressure of surrounding fragments of rock, debris or other flint products, to subsequent human activity or natural processes. Moreover, it is unlikely that the artefacts were used in everyday life, so there might be few microwear traces to identify. Microscopic examination of a selected group of artefacts from Site 4 in Bębło has been carried out with these limitations in mind. The presented examination corresponds to microwear analyses concerning other sites related to prehistoric mining. Detailed microwear studies of flint items recovered from mines often reveal pseudo-retouch and random chipping caused by human activity or natural forces both when the flint was mined and in later periods. The Bębło material does not seem to include many functional tools, though some artefacts were possibly used to make a fire or to process antler/bone, hide and plants, or served as hammers, grinding stones and rabbles.
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Trela-Kieferling, Elżbieta. "Strategie krzemieniarskie i datowanie pracowni nakopalnianych na stanowisku 4 w Bęble, pow. krakowski / Strategies in flint knapping and the dating of workshops at the flint mine in Bębło, site 4, Kraków district." In Nakopalniane pracownie krzemieniarskie z okresu neolitu w Bęble, stan. 4, woj. małopolskie / Neolithic flint workshops at the mine in Bębło, site 4, Małopolska, 195–99. Muzeum Archeologiczne w Krakowie; Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/bmak.10.7.

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The description of flint knapping strategies used in workshops at the flint mine in Bębło, Site 4, has been based on the principles of dynamic technological classification. The reconstructed chaîne opératoire was followed in its entirety at the site: from the extraction of flint concretions, through the preparation of precores and the reduction of cores, to the production of standardised mediolithic blades. The preliminary phase consisted in a series of direct blows preparing the striking platform, the back and the sides of the precore. The first phase of reduction involved removing several long and relatively wide blades. Removals of three or four blades were followed by repairs. The final elements of the chaîne opératoire either led to the full exploitation of the cores or revealed flaws in the flint mass. The cores were then abandoned without transformation. The Bębło collection has not provided any material for radiocarbon dating, but the typological and comparative analysis has shown that core preparation and techniques of reduction used in Bębło were very similar to that used in nearby Sąspów, that was ascribed to the middle phase of the Lengyel-Polgár cycle (LPC).
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Trela-Kieferling, Elżbieta. "Zakończenie / Conclusion." In Nakopalniane pracownie krzemieniarskie z okresu neolitu w Bęble, stan. 4, woj. małopolskie / Neolithic flint workshops at the mine in Bębło, site 4, Małopolska, 201–4. Muzeum Archeologiczne w Krakowie; Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/bmak.10.8.

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The flint mine in Bębło is situated in the Ojców Upland within the Olkusz Upland. Its vast mining field lies on a slope of a crest facing south-east, rising above a small valley, now dry but once crossed by a watercourse, to a height of approx. 30 metres. In the late 5th millennium BC, irregular flint concretions were extracted there through small shallow pits located one next to the other and reaching the bottom of karst karren. The non-invasive exploration of the site has confirmed the presence of two separate sections: the workshop zone and the mining zone. The former zone covers a flat area in the upper part of the crest, containing many flint items, e.g. cores. Magnetic and geoelectrical anomalies have marked an area of low resistivity on the south-eastern slope of the crest. Moreover, the surface survey has detected numerous natural fragments of flint concretions and limestone rubble. Intensive farming has levelled traces of mine shafts on the surface, but it may be assumed that the mining zone coincided with the part of the site located on the slope. The microwear analysis and technological examination have shown that apart from items used in mining and stone processing, the collection includes tools intended for other activities. The mine and the workshops, therefore, seem to have been accompanied by a settlement that has not been uncovered as yet. The typological and technological analysis based on the principles of dynamic classification adapted to mined flint material has led to the description of the stages and methods of core reduction. The identified techniques of flint knapping used by prehistoric communities in mine workshops have helped to determine the chronology of settlement at the unstratified site in Bębło. No traces of flint industries older than the middle phase of the Lengyel culture (the Modlnica group) have been detected, and the isolated items dating evidently from a later period (a polished tetrahedral axe) are unrelated to the core workshops. The nature, function and relative chronology of Site 4 in Bębło are crucial to the analysis of flint mining and reduction techniques in southern Poland in the middle phase of the Lengyel culture. They can also prove useful in tracing the relationship between the local technological changes and the influx of new ideas linked with the “second stage of the Neolithization in the Polish territories”.
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8

Kasiński, Michał. "Stanowisko 4 w Bęble, pow. krakowski, w świetle analizy danych lotniczego skanowania laserowego (ALS) / Site 4 in Bębło, Kraków district: analysis of data from airborne laser scanning (ALS)." In Nakopalniane pracownie krzemieniarskie z okresu neolitu w Bęble, stan. 4, woj. małopolskie / Neolithic flint workshops at the mine in Bębło, site 4, Małopolska, 31–48. Muzeum Archeologiczne w Krakowie; Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/bmak.10.3.

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The main aim of the examination of Site 4 in Bębło, which determined the choice of analytical tools, was to record changes in the local morphology and to detect potential relics of the mining area, with small height differences being the most probable traces to be found there. The analysis of the visualisations based on the ALS data has shown that the method is useful in research into prehistoric mining, though its effectiveness depends on the nature and the context of the examined site. No traces of mines have been detected at Site 4 in Bębło, located in a farmland. In the southern Olkusz Upland, the survey has revealed other places potentially related to mining; however, the results of the ALS analysis should be verified by field investigation.
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