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Journal articles on the topic 'Practical gender interests'
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1
Swaine, Aisling. "Addressing the Gendered Interests of Victims/Survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and Their Children Through National Action Plans on Women, Peace and Security." Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 7, no. 2 (2020): 145–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347797020938963.
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There is growing acknowledgement of the need to address the impacts of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV), with less recognition of conflict-related reproductive and maternal harms and children born of war (CBW). An intricate set of common as well as distinctive interests arise for both victims/survivors and their children that remain unfulfilled. National Action Plans on Women, Peace and Security (NAPs-WPS) present an opportunity to redress these gaps. This article examines to what extent are NAPs-WPS responsive to the specific rights and gendered interests of victims/survivors of CRSV and their children? It advances thinking on gender planning for peace and security and makes three significant analytical contributions: a ‘Typology of Impacts and Losses’ advancing understanding of CRSV; a ‘Gender Interests Analysis’ framework, identifying the practical and strategic gender interests of victims/survivors and their children; and application of these frameworks to produce a critical analysis of the NAPs-WPS of Indonesia, Nepal, Philippines and Timor-Leste. It finds that planning under WPS is failing to ensure that multi-sectoral services are available, while reproductive and maternity issues and CBW are completely neglected in the selected NAPs-WPS. The article discusses the implications of these findings for gender planning through NAPs-WPS going forward.
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Al Harthy, Said Rashid. "English Language Motivation between Gender and Cultures." Journal of Educational and Social Research 7, no. 2 (2017): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2017.v7n2p123.
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Abstract This study investigates the effects of the socio-cultural factors on the motivation of female and male students in 14 Arab and non-Arab countries through 14 studies. The findings indicate that both genders in the two groups share some interests of motivation for learning English, but they differ in some cultural factors that influence or hinder their learning. The findings of this research found that female students′ integrative motivation and attitudes towards English are higher than male students. The present study suggests a serious need for conducting qualitative or mixed method studies to investigate this phenomenon and to propose practical alternatives to increase male students' language motivation to learn English especially the integrative type. Pedagogical implications for teachers and suggestions for further research are included.
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Hays-Mitchell, Maureen. "Voices and Visions from the Streets: Gender Interests and Political Participation among Women Informal Traders in Latin America." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 13, no. 4 (1995): 445–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d130445.
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The extreme social and economic crisis affecting most Latin American countries has precipitated the expansion of a vast network of collective social movements as a means to cope with the increasing difficulty of life throughout the region. This paper is an examination of the collective struggle of women informal traders as they challenge, through workplace politics, the Peruvian state to address issues of family survival and social reproduction. Although the hierarchical and patriarchal structure of the street-trader union movement limits women's participation, a ‘critical consciousness’ has developed among women traders both in the rank-and-file and in low-level leadership positions which utilizes both direct and subtle strategies to influence the course of union politics. It is argued that the actions of these ‘grass-roots feminists’ to address their practical gender interests presupposes a commitment to strategic gender interests. Hence, their activism not only recasts Molyneux's gender-interest model but also transcends the artificial bifurcation that falsely characterizes the Latin American feminist movement. The experiences of women traders in Peru suggest that women's agency in social movements, such as informal sector trade unions, is introducing new ways of organizing social relations and political activity as it transforms entrenched and hegemonic meanings of politics, influence, and power.
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Janson, P. Krist. "Closing gender gaps in forest landscape initiatives." International Forestry Review 22, no. 1 (2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820829523925.
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Recent research evidence shows that women and men often have different knowledge, capabilities, interests and roles in the management of forest landscapes and use of forest resources. The importance of examining the intersection of gender issues in forest landscapes with other socially differentiating factors such as ethnicity, age, poverty, and vulnerability has also been emphasized. This paper reviews how gender issues are being incorporated in forest-based investment projects, programmes and policies by various international organizations and governments in many countries, with a focus on activities and actions. It finds there is a wide range of gender-responsive forest landscape investments that can be considered by those wishing to contribute to and catalyse results on multiple sustainable development goals. By synthesizing and categorizing these actions, this paper offers inspiration and practical, concrete ideas on how to link knowledge with action in the context of this complex challenge.
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Jensen, Mark N. "Gender Integration in the Military: A Rawlsian Approach." Hypatia 31, no. 4 (2016): 844–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12264.
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Following the recent decisions by Western militaries to pursue greater integration of women into combat roles, this paper examines the principles that motivate integration and organizes them into a theoretically coherent scheme that could serve as a roadmap for policymakers as they rebuild military institutions and their combat units in an integrated fashion. The strategy of the paper is Rawlsian: the right relationship between the principles that motivate integration can be derived through an application of Rawls's methodology as described in A Theory of Justice. The result is a lexically ordered set of principles that begin with gender‐blind equal opportunity but permit adjustments that take gender into account when these adjustments serve the interests of military institutions. The paper concludes with a discussion of two concerns, one practical and one theoretical, that one might have about the account.
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Bursuc, George Cristian. "Achieving Gender Equality in Teaching and Learning: Identifying Problems and Searching for Solutions." Linguaculture 2013, no. 2 (2013): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lincu-2015-0009.
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Abstract The paper intends to investigate the ways in which gender equality is perceived throughout the world, to identify the main concerns relating to gender equality and to pinpoint some international measures already taken in this field. The research for this paper is based on other studies, reports and analyses concerning gender equality conducted by several entities that have as their main interests the research of the gender variable in teaching. A local study was also conducted, where I tried to observe whether Romanian textbooks of English are sensitive to gender equality in their visual aids (“cotext”). Seven textbooks were analyzed, printed from 1997 to 2004, ranging from the 2nd to 11th grades. Both the theoretical and the practical aspects of the research reveal that although awareness concerning gender equality has been raised, gender equality is yet to be achieved. Neither the pragmatic aspects of teaching nor the written support represented by English textbooks treat boys and girls equally, thus reinforcing genderbased stereotypes and attitudes.
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Thelwall, Mike. "Can museums find male or female audiences online with YouTube?" Aslib Journal of Information Management 70, no. 5 (2018): 481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-06-2018-0146.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigates if and why audience gender ratios vary between museum YouTube channels, including for museums of the same type. Design/methodology/approach Gender ratios were examined for public comments on YouTube videos from 50 popular museums in English-speaking nations. Terms that were more frequently used by males or females in comments were also examined for gender differences. Findings The ratio of female to male YouTube commenters varies almost a hundredfold between museums. Some of the difference could be explained by gendered interests in museum themes (e.g. military, art) but others were due to the topics chosen for online content and could address a gender minority audience. Practical implications Museums can attract new audiences online with YouTube videos that target outside their expected demographics. Originality/value This is the first analysis of YouTube audience gender for museums.
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Shilov, Nikolai. "Personalization of information delivery through digital signage: major requirements and methodology." Information and Control Systems, no. 4 (October 4, 2019): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/1684-8853-2019-4-19-28.
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Introduction: The use of digital signage is currently a popular way to provide information to large groups of people. However,personalized (oriented to the interests and preferences of a particular user) and contextualized (taking into account the currentsituation) information delivery through digital signage is subject to a number of technological and legislative restrictions. Purpose:Development of a methodology of systems providing personalized information through digital signage. Results: The requirementsto the systems providing personalized information through digital signage have been specified: user anonymity, dynamic evaluationof user interest, user clustering, structured storage and processing of user interests and preferences, situational awareness. Theprinciples of the functioning of the systems of the specified class have been determined taking into account the need to preserveconfidentiality of personal data: information collection without active user participation, usage of anonymous profiles, self-learningand adaptation, ontological modelling of user interests and preferences, application of context management technology. An originalmethodology of the functioning of the considered systems has been proposed, characterized by the presence of feedback for refinementof the information delivered and information about users, as well as by the absence of any active participation of the users. The feedbackis achieved through application of the image analysis techniques, that allow to identify precisely enough the time spent by the users forwatching the information at digital signage as well as their age, gender, and emotions. Partial approbation of the results in the partof assessing personal visual characteristics (gender, age, emotional state) has been carried out based on photo analytics. It is shownthat chosen software tools enable evaluation of the user visual characteristics (age, gender, and emotions) with high precision, andshowing animated images ca affect the emotional state of the viewer. Practical relevance: The proposed requirements, principles andmethodology can be used for creating systems delivering personalized information to large groups of people, such as digital signage andelectronic scoreboards.
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Rahmanzade, Shamil. "Gender Studies in Azerbaijan in the Context of Epistemological Westernization." Scientific knowledge - autonomy, dependence, resistance 29, no. 2 (2020): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v29i2.8.
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The article presents an attempt to outline the development of women's and gender studies in Azerbaijan in the context of the formation of interdisciplinarity in the social sciences and humanities and to identify their methodological significance for historical knowledge. It is especially noted that gender studies as a scientific direction were embedded in the general context of epistemological "Westernization". Gender studies in Azerbaijan practically begun in the second half of the 1990s. It should be admitted that, as in many other post-Soviet republics, the aforementioned studies, as well as the study of gender policy, gender education, did not arise spontaneously, being dictated by the internal needs of society and science, but were exported as an integral part of the “big political project”. It is noted that since 1990, the Department of Problems of Modern Philosophy of the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan has been engaged in theoretical analysis and practical application of gender studies. The research interests of Azerbaijani scientists include the study of such issues as gender aspects of socio-economic development, gender quotas and stereotypes, gender factor in politics, features of state policy on women, empowerment of women, etc. Such unfavorable factors as the absence of the feminist movement as a social base for such investigations, the dominance of patriarchal attitudes and the embryonic state of feminist reaction, as well as the tendency of “modernization of patriarchal consciousness” and others are mentioned as adverse social reasons. At the end of the article, separate tasks are formulated that face the nascent gender history of Azerbaijan.
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Edward, Jane Kani. "Reconfiguring the South Sudanese Women’s Movement." Hawwa 17, no. 1 (2019): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341345.
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Abstract This article examines multiple aspects that prompted the emergence and development of the women’s movement in South Sudan. It intends to outline challenges and opportunities for the women’s movement over the years. Indeed, there are numerous sociocultural, economic, political, and structural aspects that impinge on women’s collective actions and mobilization. Nevertheless, this article focuses on how the efforts of the women’s movement strived to articulate and promote critical issues related to women and gender in South Sudan that are partly constrained by three interrelated factors: its close association with the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM), persistent civil wars and political instability, and donor agencies’ influence on its agenda and activities. The paper argues that, without any tangible changes in these dynamics, the women’s movement in South Sudan will not be able to simultaneously and effectively tackle practical and strategic gender concerns and interests and achieve gender equality in South Sudan.
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Duerst-Lahti, Georgia. "Gender Matters: Female Policymakers’ Influence in Industrialized Nations. By Valerie R. O’Regan. Westport, CT: Praeger. 2000. 168p. $49.95." American Political Science Review 95, no. 1 (2001): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401692013.
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Political globalization makes cross-national comparisons ever more important, especially those that reach widely and over time. Such policy analysis offers potentially practical applica- tions for improved democratic representation. Valerie O'Regan provides such analytic reach in her study about the influence female policymakers have achieved in 22 industri- alized nations. She considers the effects and effectiveness of female legislators and executives in representing women's interests. The central thesis, that gender differences in policy priorities will be reflected in policy outcomes as the number of female policymakers increases, is supported. The second- ary thesis, that (wage) policy comprehensiveness will im- prove, is not.
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Mooney, Shelagh K. "Gender research in hospitality and tourism management: time to change the guard." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 32, no. 5 (2020): 1861–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-09-2019-0780.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the problem with how gender is positioned in hospitality and tourism management studies. It recommends critical theories to investigate how gender is researched in the sector’s academic and institutional systems. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual study explains contemporary gender theories and gives examples of relevant hospitality and tourism management studies. A four point critical agenda for researching gender is proposed and justified. Findings The study highlights how the focus on “female leadership” as different from the male norm and the use of traditional theoretical framings reinforce stereotypes about the primacy of women’s domestic commitments to their detriment. Research limitations/implications A limitation of this academy focussed study is that it has not recommended specific initiatives to combat specific issues of gender discrimination in hospitality and tourism employment. A further limitation is that the primary focus was on critical management theory to explain heteronormative based gender discrimination. It did not discuss queer theory. Practical implications In addition, a new research agenda, steps are proposed to change the masculine culture. Hospitality and tourism universities and research institutions should review men’s/women’s/gender diverse representation at leadership levels. Critical gender research approaches may also be fostered by sectorial conference streams and journal special issues and university graduate research students should be taught to design such studies. Social implications The use of contemporary approaches in gender studies will enable researchers to propose more targeted equality and diversity management actions for industry. They will also assist educators to better design curricula that protect and promote the interests of women studying a hospitality, tourism or events degree and those who identify as gender diverse. Originality/value The paper challenges the masculine status quo in hospitality and tourism management gender studies, arguing that adherence to traditional orthodoxies has stifled the development of critical paradigms and methodologies. Its key contribution is to reveal the advantages that critical gender theorising can bring to further the aim of gender equality by showing practical applications.
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Spar, Debora L. "Good Fellows: Men's Role & Reason in the Fight for Gender Equality." Daedalus 149, no. 1 (2020): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01784.
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This essay attempts to make the case for including – even embracing – men in the fight for gender equality. I do not mean to argue that men should supplant women in this struggle, or that enlisting men implies dismissing or diminishing women. My aim instead is to make this fight less isolated and more practical, and to attack the so-called women's problem with a broader, blunter tool. If men believe in equality, then expanding that belief to explicitly include women is not a leap of logic or act of charity. It is instead a basic extension of a truth already deemed self-evident, and a channel through which men can begin to redefine their own identities and interests. Men have been an obstacle to women's equality for a very long time. Perhaps the moment has come to make them part of the solution as well.
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Wilde, T. Jesse. "Seeking Equitable Distribution of Opportunities for Intercollegiate Athletic Participation between the Sexes." Journal of Sport Management 9, no. 3 (1995): 300–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.9.3.300.
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The article explores one of the key issues currently confronting collegiate athletic administrators, that is, how to equitably distribute opportunities to participate in intercollegiate athletics between male and female students. After reviewing relevant legal principles, the article examines selected gender equity initiatives proposed or adopted by colleges and universities and by various governing athletic organizations. In conclusion, the article presents a “Three-for-One” proposal designed to provide athletic administrators with a practical and achievable plan for satisfying the athletic interests and abilities of both sexes on campus.
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Singh, Vikramjit. "Achievement in Science and Attitude towards Science Practical among Secondary School Students of Patna." JOURNAL OF TEACHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH 15, no. 02 (2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36268/jter/15205.
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Practical work is defined as any science teaching and learning activity that involves students, working individually or in small groups, manipulating, and/or observing real objects and materials instead of the virtual world. The teaching of science offers students the ability to access a wealth of knowledge and information, which will contribute to an overall understanding of how and why things work as they do. Science can explain the mechanics and reasons behind the daily functioning of complex systems, ranging from the human body to sophisticated modern methods of transport. Children and students can use this knowledge to understand new concepts, make well-informed decisions, and pursue new interests. Thus, there is a compulsory role of science practicals in science teaching, and it is always important to study its implications on the students’ science achievement. The study here has investigated this and found out if there is any relationship between science achievement and attitude towards science practicals. The study has been conducted on 120 students administering the standardized test on attitude towards science practicals. This study used a 30-item science attitude scale adapted from Prokop et al. (2007). The findings showed that the differences existed in science achievement based on gender and location of the schools. In contrast, in terms of attitude towards science practicals, the difference only existed based on the schools’ area of location. It was also found that there existed a significant relationship between achievement in science and attitude towards science practical among secondary school students of Patna.
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Lin, Ting-Ling, Heng-Yih Liu, Chi-Jui Huang, and Yu-Chiung Chen. "Ownership structure, board gender diversity and charitable donation." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 18, no. 4 (2018): 655–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-12-2016-0229.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the effect of ownership structure and board gender diversity on charitable donations for a group of listed electronics companies in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach Using linear regression analysis, this paper analyses the ownership structure, board gender diversity and charitable donations of 380 Taiwanese electronics companies (2011-2013). Findings While domestic institutional investors, such as domestic mutual funds and corporate investors, take more of agency logic view, it negatively impacts on charitable donations. However, the empirical findings of this paper indicate that board gender diversity with the critical number of female directors was positively related to charitable donation. Thus, it is clear that female directors reaching critical numbers were taking more of a stakeholder view of institutional logic, emphasizing the balance of interests of internal and external stakeholders. Research limitations/implications This paper is limited to selected Taiwanese electronics companies over a two-year time frame, and charitable donations are the only proxy of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity. The paper suggests that, as predicted by stakeholder theory and critical mass theory, companies with boards composed of at least three female directors make higher charitable donations. Practical implications This paper indicates that female directors on the board should have more voices on the board regarding the necessity and importance of CSR. Originality/value The paper contributes to existing literature by looking into the effects of ownership structure and board gender diversity on charitable donations.
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Thelwall, Mike, Saheeda Thelwall, and Ruth Fairclough. "Male, Female, and Nonbinary Differences in UK Twitter Self-descriptions: A Fine-grained Systematic Exploration." Journal of Data and Information Science 6, no. 2 (2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2021-0018.
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Abstract Purpose Although gender identities influence how people present themselves on social media, previous studies have tested pre-specified dimensions of difference, potentially overlooking other differences and ignoring nonbinary users. Design/methodology/approach Word association thematic analysis was used to systematically check for fine-grained statistically significant gender differences in Twitter profile descriptions between 409,487 UK-based female, male, and nonbinary users in 2020. A series of statistical tests systematically identified 1,474 differences at the individual word level, and a follow up thematic analysis grouped these words into themes. Findings The results reflect offline variations in interests and in jobs. They also show differences in personal disclosures, as reflected by words, with females mentioning qualifications, relationships, pets, and illnesses much more, nonbinaries discussing sexuality more, and males declaring political and sports affiliations more. Other themes were internally imbalanced, including personal appearance (e.g. male: beardy; female: redhead), self-evaluations (e.g. male: legend; nonbinary: witch; female: feisty), and gender identity (e.g. male: dude; nonbinary: enby; female: queen). Research limitations The methods are affected by linguistic styles and probably under-report nonbinary differences. Practical implications The gender differences found may inform gender theory, and aid social web communicators and marketers. Originality/value The results show a much wider range of gender expression differences than previously acknowledged for any social media site.
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Toussaint, Sandy. "Practicing Anthropology in Australia: An Introduction." Practicing Anthropology 23, no. 1 (2001): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.23.1.07107g644p706g16.
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Applied anthropology in Australia is an increasingly sought after and diverse field of social inquiry and research application. There are several reasons for this interest, including substantial anthropological involvement in the land claims process during the past three decades. Such a process has resulted in anthropologists working for Indigenous groups and land councils, documenting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander interests in land and sea, negotiating resource development agreements, undertaking ethnographic site surveys, presenting evidence in court. A number of contributions to this special edition of Practicing Anthropology provide details of these practical applications of anthropology in Australian settings. Nicolas Peterson describes some of the historial background to the introduction of land rights legislation in the Northern Territory, and Jim Birckhead discusses cultural heritage issues in national parks in New South Wales. Birckhead and Toussaint also raise concerns about anthropological practice and the ethics and politics of representation, including with reference to the relationship between gender and culture.
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Epstein, Jeffrey. "Habermas, Virtue Epistemology, and Religious Justifications in the Public Sphere." Hypatia 29, no. 2 (2014): 422–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12035.
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Jürgen Habermas's recent challenge to secular citizens calling for greater inclusivity of religious justifications in the public sphere opens new epistemological debates that could benefit from the rich insights of feminist epistemologists. Despite certain theoretical tensions, there is some common ground between Habermas and recent work in feminist epistemology. Specifically, this article explores the shared interests between Habermas and one feminist theorist in particular, Miranda Fricker. I choose Fricker because her formulation of the epistemological and ethical hybrid virtues of testimonial justice and hermeneutical justice provide efficacious theoretical and practical tools capable of deepening the epistemological basis of Habermas's challenge to secular citizens. After a detailed analysis of Habermas's and Fricker's respective epistemological positions, I argue that Fricker's analysis provides a rich framework for thinking through questions of power, identity, and credibility with respect to religious justifications in the public sphere. In conclusion, this article emphasizes the importance of fostering more robust and just epistemic communities capable of countering the social, political, and ethical injustices of epistemic disauthorization and marginalization.
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Brus, Tetiana, and Viktor Kovalov. "Gender aspects of social policy formation in Ukraine." Public administration aspects 8, no. 3 (2020): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/152074.
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The article considers gender aspects of social policy formation in Ukraine. It is determined that the European integration vector of development chosen by Ukraine requires observance of the principles of sustainable development and achievement of equality of women and men in all spheres of society. It was found that the perception of gender in society is not a stable category, but depends on cultural and social traditions, and may change with changing environments. Ukraine's steps over the past 5 years to implement the principle of gender equality are analyzed and it is established that Ukraine has a sufficiently developed regulatory framework, however, its practical implementation is still imperfect. The creation of gender profiles of regions has been studied and it has been found that they are a useful tool for developing strategies for the development of the region, in determining the priorities of social policy, monitoring and evaluation of activities, etc. It was found that gender mainstreaming in social policy-making will emphasize the special needs of women and men in need of state assistance, which will ensure more accurate policy formulation, efficient allocation of resources, targeted use of budget funds and gender-sensitive decision-making. Innovative approaches to gender mainstreaming in social policy-making at both national and regional levels are analyzed. It is established that gender audit will ensure gender parity of participants in the decision-making process, and gender analysis of decisions or policies in general is aimed at identifying problems and differentiating needs and interests, taking into account gender distribution. Their using in the process of formation and implementation of social policy will make it possible to prevent gender inequality and ensure the formation of gender-sensitive social policy.
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Waylen, Georgina. "Rethinking Women's Political Participation and Protest: Chile 1970–1990." Political Studies 40, no. 2 (1992): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1992.tb01386.x.
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Much of women's political activity cannot be accommodated within traditional political science so new ways of analysing it are needed. In order to create a new framework, using case study material from Chile, some of the concepts employed by socialist feminists, particularly the patriarchal bargain and strategic and practical gender interests, are explored. These shed light on why women mobilize, both for conservative and for more ‘progressive’ causes. However, this framework alone cannot provide answers about the form and representation of these activities. An attempt is made to use the insights of post-modernism to do this. The conclusion is that it is possible to unite the most helpful aspects of the two perspectives.
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Więckowska, Katarzyna. "Between and Beyond Intersex and Transgender Studies: A Review of Transgender and Intersex: Theoretical, Practical, and Artistic Perspectives, Stefan Horlacher ed., New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016." Anglica Wratislaviensia 56 (November 22, 2018): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.56.20.
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This review assesses Transgender and Intersex: Theoretical, Practical, and Artistic Perspectives 2016, edited by Stefan Horlacher. Inspired by the international and interdisciplinary conference on “Transgender and Intersex in the Arts, Science and Society” that was held in 2012 in Dresden and that gathered researchers, activists, and artists working in transgender and intersex studies, the collection aims at mapping potential alliances between intersex and transgender positions, while acknowledging that the interests of transgender and intersex communities and researchers may be conflicting, if not at times contradictory. The volume adopts a non-hierarchical, multiperspectival, and interdisciplinary approach to examine a variety of issues related to gender variance and politics of recognition. Accordingly, the articles focus on those processes and texts that have played major roles in deconstructing and reconstructing gender identities during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, and present analyses of legal and sociopolitical issues, theoretical perspectives and dilemmas, and literary and visual representations. The diverse topics and perspectives embrace the ethical framework of human rights, so as to inquire into the ways through which the lives and representations of marginalized groups can be improved.
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Hoare, Joanna Pares. "Doing gender activism in a donor-organized framework: Constraints and opportunities in Kyrgyzstan." Nationalities Papers 44, no. 2 (2016): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2015.1007344.
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Providing support to “civil society” in the form of funding to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) became a central aspect of development engagement in Kyrgyzstan and other post-socialist countries in the 1990s, seen as a means of ensuring “good governance,” promoting participation, and providing a safety net of sorts to those who were left vulnerable by the market reforms that followed the collapse of Communism. Since then, donor engagement in Kyrgyzstan has led to the development of a thriving NGO sector, taken to embody “civil society” and to be a sign of the country's democratization, in comparison to its neighbors. However, this sector is dependent on support from international donors, and faces increasing hostility for supposedly representing outside interests, rather than effectively addressing the needs of the Kyrgyzstani population. This is particularly the case in regard to work on women's rights and gender equality. Based on interviews with 16 self-described activists working on gender issues, this paper explores what it is like to “do” gender activism in this practical and discursive environment. For my respondents, activity in the NGO sector emerges as not only a process that goes far beyond the straightforward implementation of donor agendas, but also one that does not necessarily “fit” with dominant understandings of what constitutes civil society activism.
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Proença, Catarina, Mário Augusto, and José Murteira. "Political connections and banking performance: the moderating effect of gender diversity." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 20, no. 6 (2020): 1001–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-01-2020-0018.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the role of board gender diversity in explaining the effects of board members’ political connections on banking performance in the Eurozone. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses panel data on 83 banks supervised by the European Central Bank (ECB) for the period 2013–2017, using a generalized moment method-type estimation methodology. Findings Results suggest that when gender diversity is high, there is a U-shaped nonlinear relationship between political connections and banking performance. Empirical evidence also indicates that differentiating characteristics of women, such as greater ethical concern and risk aversion, help mitigate the negative effects of political connections on banking performance, safeguarding the institutions’ interests from the adverse effects of personal agendas. In addition, these results also suggest that a minimum of 14% of gender diversity can contribute to greater social justice and beneficial structural change. Research limitations/implications The period studied may not yet fully reflect the impact of the assessment of the board members’ suitability. Practical implications The paper contributes to the growing literature on political connections and gender diversity, providing greater insight into their role as determinants of banking performance. The study also suggests the benefits and possible limitations of the regulator’s two impositions – gender diversity quotas and members’ repute (members’ political connections). Originality/value The effect of gender diversity on the impact of board members’ political connections on banking performance has not been studied, as these relationships have not been analysed separately for banks directly supervised by the ECB.
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Fritz, Claudia, and Daan van Knippenberg. "Gender and leadership aspiration: the impact of organizational identification." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 38, no. 8 (2017): 1018–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-05-2016-0120.
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Purpose Although nowadays more women occupy leadership roles, they still are a minority. Because aspiration is a precursor of advancement, examining conditions fostering female leadership aspiration is important. A neglected perspective is the impact of organizational identification. Identification can be argued to foster leadership aspiration because the essence of leadership is the pursuit of collective interests, and identification motivates such pursuits. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey design with an n=400 fulltime employed men and women, working for various organizations was selected. Findings The initial prediction was that identification is more important to women’s leadership aspiration to the extent that gender is associated with communal orientation, because women tend to have stronger communal orientation with associated greater affiliation needs, and organizational identification can be expected to cater to those needs. The communal orientation by organizational identification interactive influence on leadership aspiration was supported. Also, the indirect effect of gender on leadership aspiration via this interactive influence of communal orientation and organizational identification was supported. Research limitations/implications Due to the selected survey approach the data are correlational and as a result no reference to matters of causality can be made. Thus (field) experimental data is needed to confirm these findings. Practical implications Within the paper the discussion focuses on the importance of creating an environment that is more conducive to organizational identification and as such speaks to the communal orientation – being more pronounced among women – to act in favor of the organization by aspiring leadership positions. Originality/value The presented results depict an important step toward understanding how organizational identification and communal orientation interact and how they interact with women’s leadership aspiration.
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Kolesnikova, E. M., and I. A. Kudenko. "Schoolchildren about STEM professions: General and gender-specific representations." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 2 (2021): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-2-239-252.
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The persistent gender imbalance in the labor market - both in Russia and globally - is largely formed during the school years as the period of the development of professional preferences and human capital. The article presents the views of schoolchildren on various aspects of the STEM school subjects, including their common interests, attitudes to the STEM teaching, their role in choosing a career related to STEM, and the ideas of schoolchildren about jobs related to STEM. The authors refer to the Soviet experience of overcoming gender inequality in the labor market, in particular, by helping women to get the industrial and specialized technical education. The results of the search study show that for the majority of girls, especially those not engaged in special education projects focused on STEM, school profile lessons do not contribute to changing gender representations of professions. The authors argue that to change these gender representations we need classes focused not on the academic achievements but on the practical features of professions that are in demand in the labor market. Such an experience is necessary for it is impossible to choose the most promising career if you do not know about it or if you are convinced that you would not cope with a particular job. At the same time, the schoolchildren should understand that some of todays professions have very short future, for instance, due to the inevitable consequences of automation. The schoolchildrens positioning of all professions as gender-neutral can be used for a positive study of career-related challenges and for designing career-guidance activities as taking into account those aspects that are essential for girls and boys, even if at the moment they are perceived negatively.
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Chullen, Cody Logan, Tope Adeyemi-Bello, and Xiao-Yu Xi. "Job expectations of Chinese college students: re-examining gender differences." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 34, no. 8 (2015): 742–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-07-2015-0051.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine current gender differences in job expectations among Chinese college students, how current job expectations across gender differ from an earlier study, and how they might impact organizational practices such as recruitment and retention. Design/methodology/approach – Using Manhardt’s 25-item measure of job expectations, this study asked Chinese college students to rate the importance of various job characteristics on a five-point Likert scale (5=very important to 1=very unimportant). Male and female responses were compared for 430 college students. Findings – Results of the current study found that males and females differed in their ratings on 23 of 25 items, with females rating all 23 of these items to be of higher importance. These findings differ significantly from an earlier study so they are compared and discussed. Research limitations/implications – This paper is limited in that it focusses solely on college students and only examines gender as a basis for comparison. Future studies should examine employees and consider other factors such as Chinese ethnicity as a basis for comparison. Practical implications – Organizations may choose to change/improve aspects of certain jobs to more closely align with job candidates’ interests and/or choose to differently implement tools such as realistic job previews in order to improve retention. Social implications – This paper provides an updated status on gender differences in job expectations of China’s soon-to-be emerging workforce. Findings provide organizations with insight on how to develop human resource tools to hold on to talent. Originality/value – This paper advances on previous work by drawing on a much larger sample and by utilizing a structured forward-translation, back-translation process for its survey.
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Shin, Ki-Young. "An Alternative Form of Women's Political Representation: Netto, a Proactive Women's Party in Japan." Politics & Gender 16, no. 1 (2019): 78–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x19000606.
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AbstractThis article examines a Japanese local party, Netto, as a new type of women's party. The Netto is defined as a “proactive women's party” to illustrate how it is different not only from conventional political parties but also from parties organized to promote feminist platforms. The Japanese Netto is a women-dominated party in which women constitute the majority of members and candidates, as well as party leadership. The party platform prioritizes practical women's interests such as safe food and child-rearing over women's labor or feminist issues. The gendered characteristics of Netto appeal to middle-class housewives and mothers, facilitating the electoral success of the party in urban areas. The party's notable features, such as rotation of deputies, term limits, donation of deputy salary, and volunteerism, distinguish Netto from conventional political parties. As such, the party provides an alternative model of political representation. The Netto party illustrates that not all women's parties use a feminist platform, but they still play an important role in changing male-dominated electoral politics.
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Thaller, Jonel. "“I Know She Loves It”: Narrative Analysis of One Man’s Justifications for Reproductive Control in an Intimate Relationship." Men and Masculinities 23, no. 2 (2017): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x17739067.
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This study provides a close narrative analysis of one man’s justification for gaining reproductive control over an intimate partner. Frequent narrative disjunction, or inconsistency within narrative accounts, permeates the subject’s description of his intimate relationship. Further, the way in which he struggles to justify his “head of household” status reveals a tension between the dominant gender narrative he strives to uphold and his actual experiences. As evidenced, men can evoke the discourse of patriarchy against their own best interests and to the detriment of their intimate relationships. However, narrative disjunctions indicate an opening through which change can occur, pointing to specific areas where the cultural ideals of masculinity strain against the realities of practical life. Recognizing that narratives are deliberately and artificially crafted, one can begin to discern the tensions between the personal and the social in identity maintenance and can begin to generate useful narratives that challenge dominant ideologies.
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Werdiningsih, Wilis. "ANALISIS KESETARAAN GENDER PADA PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM KEAHLIAN TEKNIK DI SMK PGRI 2 PONOROGO." Kodifikasia 14, no. 1 (2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/kodifikasia.v14i1.1915.
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Kesetaraan dan keadilan gender harus diwujudkan dalam segala aspek kehidupan, termasuk dalam kegiatan pendidikan. Pendidikan responsif gender penting untuk diterapkan di seluruh lembaga pendidikan, sebab baik laki-laki maupun perempuan adalah sama dan berhak untuk memperoleh segala manfaat dalam pendidikan sesuai dengan minat dan bakatnya. SMK PGRI 2 Ponorogo merupakan salah satu sekolah kejuruan di Ponorogo dengan jumlah siswa perempuan yang minoritas.Perempuan sering kali dianggap lebih banyak memiliki kelemahan di dalam kegiatan praktik dibandingkan laki-laki.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesetaraan dan keadilan gender pada pembelajaran program keahlian teknik di SMK PGRI 2 Ponorogo.Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Sumber data berasal dari kata-kata, tindakan, sumber tertulis dan foto yang berkaitan dengan proses kegiatan pembelajaran jurusan teknik di SMK PGRI 2 Ponorogo. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kesetaraan dan keadilan gender di SMK PGRI 2 Ponorogo telah terwujud. Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, baik siswa perempuan maupun laki-laki, mendapatkan akses yang sama, kesempatan untuk berpartisipasi, memiliki kontrol dan dapat mengambil manfaat secara maksimal.Namun masih terjadi ketidaksetaraan gender, yakni pada kategori pelabelan, subordinasi dan pemiskinan. [Gender equality and justice are must be realized in all aspects of life, including educational activities. Gender responsive education is important to be implemented in all educational institutions, because both men and women are the same and are entitled to get all the benefits in education in accordance with their interests and talents. SMK PGRI 2 Ponorogo is one of the vocational schools in Ponorogo with a number of minority female students. Women are often considered to have more weaknesses in practical activities than men. This study aims to analyze gender equality and justice in learning technical skills programs at SMK PGRI 2 Ponorogo. The approach that used in this research is a qualitative approach with the type of case study. The source of the data comes from words, actions, written sources and photos that are all forms of data relating to the process of learning activities in the engineering department at SMK PGRI 2 Ponorogo. The results show that gender equality and justice in SMK PGRI 2 Ponorogo have been realized. In learning activities, both female and male students get equal access, the opportunity to participate, have control and can take maximum advantage. However, there is still a gender inequality, namely in the categories of labelling, subordination and impoverishment.]
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Barragan, Salvador, Mariana I. Paludi, and Albert Mills. "Top women managers as change agents in the machista context of Mexico." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 36, no. 4 (2017): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-08-2016-0065.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on top women managers who act as change agents in the machista culture of Mexico. Specifically, the authors centre the attention not only on the strategies performed by these change agents to reduce inequality, but also on understanding the way in which they discursively reproduce or challenge essentialist notions of gender with respect to the cultural and organizational context. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 top women managers in Mexico who are actively involved as change agents. A feminist poststructuralist methodological framework using critical discourse analysis was used to uncover competing notions of gender and related strategies developed to promote gender equality. Findings The analysis reveals that the 12 change agents perform strategies for inclusion, and only half of them engage in strategies for re-evaluation. The authors were unable to recognize whether these change agents are engaged in strategies of transformation. These change agents also reproduce and challenge “essentialist” notions of gender. In some instances – based on their own career experiences and gendered identities – they (un)consciously have adopted essentialism to fit into the cultural context of machista society. They also challenge the gender binary to eradicate essentialist notions of gender that created gender inequalities in the first place. Research limitations/implications The experience of these 12 top women managers may not represent the voice of other women and their careers. Ultimately, intersections with class, organizational level, nationality, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation must be taken into account so to represent other women’s particular interests with respect to equality. Practical implications For those researchers-consultants who may be involved in an intervention strategy, it is important to focus on helping the change agents in reviewing and reflecting on their own “vision of gender equity”. During the strategic activities of mentoring and training, these change agents could potentially “leak” a particular “vision of gender” to other women and men. Thus, part of the intervention strategy should target the change agent’s self-reflection to influence her capacity to act as change agents. Originality/value The authors contribute to the literature on change agents and interventions for gender equality. Intervention strategies usually centre on essentialist notions of gender. The study offers potential explanations for this approach by paying attention to the process of how change agents, in their efforts to promote gender equality, may be unconsciously projecting their own identities onto others and/or consciously engaging in strategic essentialism to fit into the machista context of Mexico.
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Nguyen, Lam D., Kuo-Hao Lee, Bahaudin G. Mujtaba, and Sorasak Paul Silanont. "Business Ethics Perceptions of Working Adults." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 5, no. 2 (2014): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.2014040103.
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Businesses nowadays face urgent demands to act ethically and socially responsibly. Some believe that ethically responsible companies design and use corporate governance that serves all stakeholders' interests to achieve competitive advantage and maintaining ethical behavior is very important through corporate governance. Thus, an ethical business environment is critical and ethical behavior is expected of everyone in the modern workplace. Companies devote many resources and training programs to make sure their employees live according to the high ethical standards. This study used Clark and Clark's (1966) Personal Business Ethics Scores (PBES) measure to examine the relationship between gender, age, management experience, ethics course taken, and ethics training to ethical maturity of Thai working adults. This research surveyed 236 Thai working adults to measure their Personal Business Ethics Scores (PBES). Statistically significant differences were found in the variables of ethics course taken and ethics training. Gender, age, and management experience, however, did not lead to any significant differences. Consequently, Kohlberg's Cognitive Moral Development theory regarding ethical maturity is partly supported since respondents with more ethics education and training have higher business ethics scores than those without ethics education and training. In this study, Thai background and cultural dimension, as well as literature on moral development and ethics, are presented along with practical applications, suggestions and implications for educators, managers, and employees.
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Fisher, Virginia, and Sue Kinsey. "Behind closed doors! Homosocial desire and the academic boys club." Gender in Management: An International Journal 29, no. 1 (2014): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-10-2012-0080.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to explore the nature and power of the academic boys club. In many organisations, the political significance of the boys club goes largely unremarked and unacknowledged. Yet, the way that male colleagues intimately relate to each other, sometimes called homosocial desire, is crucial to their success at gaining and retaining power at work. Design/methodology/approach – Feminist, poststructuralist, ethnographic, qualitative, and longitudinal data were collected over a five-year period from male and female academics in a British university. Findings – The boys club is still a powerful feature of British universities. Their apparent invisibility shrouds the manner in which they can and do promote and maintain male interests in a myriad of ways, including selection and promotion. These findings have resonances for all organisations. Research limitations/implications – Researching the intimacies between male colleagues requires time-intensive field work and insider access to men interacting with each other. Practical implications – Meaningful gender equality will not be achieved unless and until the more sophisticated forms of female exclusion are revealed and deconstructed. Originality/value – This research makes an unusual and crucial contribution to the study of gender, men and masculinities by providing longitudinal, rich, detailed data, observing men at the closest of quarters and then analysed by a feminist and poststructuralist gaze.
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Kurlychek, Megan, Shawn Bushway, and Megan Denver. "Defensible decisions." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 38, no. 5 (2019): 529–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-09-2018-0176.
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Purpose Employers using criminal background checks to make hiring determinations must carefully balance the need to protect themselves and their clients against legal mandates designed to protect the rights of individuals with criminal records. Yet, surprisingly little research examines this balancing act. The purpose of this paper is to examine how one large agency, the New York Department of Health (DOH), navigates a myriad of mandates to convey and create legitimacy in compliance with complex legal mandates and contrasting interests. Design/methodology/approach Prior research on civil right legislation suggests that while companies may create regulations that appear to comply with such mandates, their actual practice does not always comply with their own rules (Dobbin et al., 1988). Therefore, this study addresses two key questions: do the DOH policies appear to comply with the relevant New York State law and does the DOH effectively implement the policies in a way that upholds New York State law. Specifically, this study estimates probit models on a sample of over 7,000 potential employees with criminal records to determine compliance with the criteria established by law and policy. Findings Findings show that the variables indicated by law/regulations such as offense severity and time since conviction work in the intended direction. Using only these criteria the models are able to correctly predict clearance decisions approximately of the time and that extra-legal factors such as race and gender do not further influence final determinations. Practical implications These findings have practical implications for employers as they show that it is possible for employers to design formal rules that navigate this complex landscape while still opening up employment opportunities for individuals with criminal records. Originality/value This is important as many employers either utilize criminal background checks without regulation or are fearful of embarking on efforts to meet regulations such as those promulgated by the EEOC. This research is the first of its kind to actually document and explore the ability of a large employer to conduct socially responsible criminal history background checks.
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Cordero-Gutiérrez, Rebeca, and Libia Santos-Requejo. "Intention to participate in online commercial experiments by social network’s users." Management Research Review 39, no. 4 (2016): 378–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-06-2014-0128.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the underlying differences in the intention to participate in online commercial experiments through the social network considering users’ gender and age. Design/methodology/approach The model of this paper uses two relevant variables, trust and attitude, to test the behavioral intention. There were 269 data sets from social network’s users. Factorial analysis and linear regression were used in the analysis of the data obtained to investigate the differences in gender and age in the intention to participate in online commercial experiments. Findings The results of this paper show that there exist differences among women and men, and among youthers and adults. Women and youthers are the most desirable groups to conduct commercial experiments through social networks. Research limitations/implications From the point of view of the academics, this paper increases the knowledge of social network’s possibilities as a marketing tool. Practical implications This study and its conclusions are relevant for entrepreneurs in any field who want to reach their customers through a horizontal social network because they can improve the online experiments’ profit. Entrepreneurs can know and understand their customers better, taking into account their wishes, tastes and interests through when participating in a commercial experiment. Originality/value This paper describes the possibilities that social networks like Facebook offer entrepreneurs to know the intention of users to participate in an online commercial experiment. Moreover, the differences in gender and age allow in adapting the contents of the online commercial experiments to get better results. In addition, this research contributes to the investigation in the possibilities of social networks as marketing tools.
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Bourdil, Maryline, and Mickael Géraudel. "What are the interpersonal antecedents of women’s network satisfaction?" Gender in Management: An International Journal 31, no. 4 (2016): 266–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-04-2015-0038.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine whether women entrepreneurs are satisfied with belonging to a women’s network, as this issue is crucial for network performance and legitimacy. Design/methodology/approach The authors tested the hypotheses on a sample of 127 French women entrepreneurs who belonged to women’s networks using multiple regression analysis. Findings The authors showed that these women entrepreneurs were satisfied when they developed strong ties and when cliques in the network were limited. Education had a negative effect: the higher the educational level, the less satisfaction with their networks the women reported. Research limitations/implications The sample was small and composed only of women entrepreneurs who were members of women’s networks and not women who had left them. Practical implications The survey findings suggest ways that managers can optimize network satisfaction to keep current members while continuing to add new ones: create an environment with no cliques where members can develop strong ties. This means connecting members with similar values or status and common interests, while making sure that cliques do not develop. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, satisfaction with professional women’s networks has never been studied. The authors’ highlight the role of strong ties in these networks and identify the contingent effect of cliques.
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Moses, Dauda, Aniekan Elijah Asukwo, Muhammed Adamu Yusuf, and Isaac John Ibanga. "Achieving Sustainable Development Goals 2016-2030 in Nigeria through Female Enrolment into Electrical/Electronics Engineering Trade in Technical Colleges of Adamawa State." Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Administrative Sciences 2, no. 1 (2021): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/jareas.v2i1.214.
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Purpose: This study investigated female enrolment into electrical/electronics engineering trade in technical colleges of Adamawa State in order to suggest ways of augmenting it for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2016-2030.
 Approach/ Methodology/ Design: Two research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample of the study comprised of 38 teachers and 140 parents. A 50-item Female Enrolment in Electrical/Electronics Engineering Trade (FEEET) Questionnaire was developed by the researchers and used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by three experts from the Department of Electrical Technology Education, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State. Reliability co-efficient of 0.81 was obtained for the instrument using Cronbach’s Alpha reliability method. Mean statistic was used to answer the two research questions while z-test statistics was used to test the two hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.
 Findings: The findings of the study revealed that inadequate knowledge on female participation in electrical/electronics engineering trade, hazards involved in working with electricity, and poor gender policy implementation among others were factors affecting female enrolment into the programme. Establishment of electrical/electronics engineering trade skill acquisition centres for females and provision of starter packs for female graduates of electrical/electronics engineering trade among others were strategies identified for improving female enrolment into the programme. 
 Practical Implication: The study has practical implications for achieving sustainable development goals in Nigeria. A sustainable financing scheme for the female trainees of electrical/electronics engineering trade should be established in order to boost their interests in the programme.
 Originality/Value: The study identified that inadequate knowledge on female participation in electrical/electronics engineering trade, hazards involved in working with electricity, societal perception about electricity, cultural sanctions on women, early marriages, and poor gender policy implementation are the main factors that affect female enrolment in technical colleges in Nigeria.
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Burman, Erica. "Beyond 'Women vs. Children' or 'WomenandChildren': Engendering Childhood and Reformulating Motherhood." International Journal of Children's Rights 16, no. 2 (2008): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181808x301773.
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AbstractThe child rights movement has typically fallen foul of both feminists and antifeminists in its renderings of the relations between women and children. This article attempts to move the debate forward to consider the relations between women's rights and children's rights as neither adversarial, nor equivalent, but as allied – albeit as necessarily structured in tension and contest. It illuminates why and how such a situation has arisen, and identifies some key challenges for the adequate formulation of women's and children's interests and positionings. This conceptual analysis is given specific focus by taking two key arenas of intervention – child abduction and the support of children in shelters for battered women – as particular contexts in which conceptualisations and policies around women and around children often come into conflict. Using these examples, arising from involvement in practical action research projects, new directions for reconfiguring prevailing understandings emerge, in particular by highlighting how gender and culture/racialisation function to structure discourses of childhood. While resolution of these tensions may be neither possible nor desirable, the paper illustrates the value of being clear about what is at stake in these contests in order to identify specific strategies for action.
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Hailemariam, Atsede Tesfaye, Brigitte Kroon, Marloes van Engen, and Marc van Veldhoven. "Dreams and reality: autonomy support for women entrepreneurs in Ethiopia." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 38, no. 7 (2019): 727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-10-2017-0230.
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Purpose Taking a self-determination theory (SDT) perspective, the purpose of this paper is to understand the socio-cultural context on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness in the entrepreneurial activity of women entrepreneurs in Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 19 women entrepreneurs operating business in the formal sector of the economy in Addis Ababa. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyze and interpret the interview transcripts. Findings Women entrepreneurs experience autonomy-supportive and controlling socio-cultural contexts in their gender role, parent–daughter relationship, husband–wife relationship and their religious affiliation. Autonomy-supportive social agents provide women entrepreneurs, the chance to perceive themselves as competent and autonomous to exploit and choose opportunities and run their business in accordance with their personal values and interests. On the other hand, controlling social agents maintain and reinforce the existing male-dominated social and economic order. They constrain women’s entrepreneurial performance by undermining their basic psychological needs satisfaction, which limits their autonomous functioning and well-being in entrepreneurial activity. Practical implications To promote women’s autonomous functioning and well-being in entrepreneurial activity, policy should be aimed at reducing constraints to the satisfaction of psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness in the socio-cultural context. Originality/value The study is the first to apply SDT to explore the influence of autonomy vs controlling socio-cultural contexts on satisfaction vs thwarting needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness in the entrepreneurial activity of women.
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Nughara, Irwan Abdu. "Dinamika Organisasi Sosial Islam dalam Pemilihan Gubernur Jawa Tengah." ASKETIK 3, no. 2 (2019): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/ask.v3i2.1564.
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Identity politics is a response to political behaviour by a person or group of people who share an identity, such as ethnicity, religion, culture, and gender. Identity politics is also often related to discourse (issue, language, imagery, or other communication expressions) to be used as one of the instruments for the political elite, which is usually done in the electoral arena. Identity politics always emphasizes the interests of its group, in the political identity of tribes and ethnicity to be an important role as a symbol of culture that has its own potential and gives strength in conducting political action. Using a qualitative analytical approach, this paper tried to see the position of one of the Islamic-based community organizations in the election governor and deputy governor of Central Java. The association between NU as a religious social organization with the process and political reality is happening. This paper essentially shows that Islamic Community organizations has evolved into a religious social organization that has increasingly dynamic and open political minds and attitudes. But NU's political position is culturally welcome NU citizens to be active in any practical political activity but NU insists that it does not reflect the NU movement institutionally an individual movement.
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Tarasenko, D., and A. Chechel. "Gender and social interaction: calculation model of ecological and economic indicators for sustainable development of the region." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 30, no. 6 (2018): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2018.6.04.
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The paper proposes a model for calculating the integrated ecological and economic indicator, which has considerable potential for application as a reliable instrument for the expenditures harmonization for environmental and social purposes, namely gender and social interactions, as part of the sustainable development paradigm implementation at the regional level. It has been shown that the use of three-factor functions (factors of industrial development, environmental investments and structural changes in the economy) allows obtaining more relevant results for making managerial decisions by more accurate description of real processes. It has been proved that the social component ought to take into account the gender peculiarities of regional development and be reflected in decision-making procedures of local authorities, namely, the gender components of the region's development have to be reflected in statistical reporting and be subject to the requirements of the Sustainable Development Goals, which are officially approved by the Ukrainian government. Gender interactions have to be the subject to a comprehensive study of region sustainable development based on increasing the social significance of attracting vulnerable strata of the population to active labor and political activities, increasing the efficiency of "social lifts", forming stable equal relations between territorial communities of different levels of economic development and financial capacity. The main task is to find the balance of interests between the needs of certain types of economic activity development in the region, the development of social parameters and the need to preserve the environment. It has been noted that the most effective means of finding this balance is the corresponding economic and mathematical instrumentarium. Moreover, the necessity of such interaction realization on the conditions of balanced support of the national economy functioning in terms of reproductive, technological, activity-specific and external macroeconomic proportions determines the use of the balance-sheet method of "input-output" and balance-based models build upon it. Therefore, the actual issues of scientific and practical support of sustainable development process implementation at the regional level identify the tools for taking into account the influence factors on social policy in the context of the principles introduction of such development. The study of specific cases of the ecological and economic modeling methods use to substantiate effective social policy at the regional level has considerable real possibilities for detailed elaboration, which also results in the use of separate mechanisms of ecological and economic modeling for the needs of effective social policy conduct at the regional level.
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Batubara, Gialdah Tapiansari, and Firdaus Arifin. "MODEL PENDIDIKAN HUKUM DALAM UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN KESADARAN HUKUM SISWA SEJAK DINI." Vol. 20 No. 1 April 2019, no. 20 (January 10, 2020): 20–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/litigasi.v20i1.2106.
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Indonesia as a state of law, has written and unwritten rules as an abstract form of legal protection for the community, while concrete legal protection, one of which, is protected from the target of crime and from the potential of becoming a criminal. One important and fundamental aspect of this problem lies in the process of transforming the noble values of law through a legal education. Here the model used in legal education largely determines the realization of legal awareness. This article tries to give a little description of the relationship between them qualitatively, especially on the basis of thefact that legal education is the most rational method for shaping students legal awareness. The relationship between the variables of legal education and the variable of legal awareness of students is very significant. The object of legal education must reach school students. Legal education is not the only indicator of student legal awareness, but it is qualitatively clear that with the earlier, frequent and increasingly broad range of legal education activities carried out by professional communicators, accompanied by increasingly sophisticated, simple, smart, standard communication techniques: safe, real, quick, practical, effective, imaginative fun, award, problem solving oriented, with gender perspective, prioritize the best interests of students, and provide space to appreciate students rights.It is believed that legal education will have a greater impact on the formation of student legal awareness
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Buarki, Hanadi, and Bashaer Alkhateeb. "Use of hashtags to retrieve information on the web." Electronic Library 36, no. 2 (2018): 286–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-01-2017-0011.
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Purpose This paper aims to find out how people use hashtags as a medium of information retrieval and dissemination, and how they are used in social media tools, such as Instagram. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative question estimated the participants’ use of the hashtags during the workshop. Statistical data of the participants and their posts were collected from social network analysis tools. The posts that included the workshop’s designated hashtags were retrieved, recorded, coded and analysed to collect qualitative data. Findings In total, 74 (46 per cent) participants used the workshop’s hashtags to share posts, the retrieval of the hashtags declined by time and Google search engine retrieved the maximum results. It was found that a hashtag would be common when associated with descriptors, and that its use depends on its popularity, followers and its survival time. Finally, hashtags connect people, allow them to express their enthusiasm to reveal common interests and networks them through social media tools such as Instagram. Research limitations/implications The research limitations were in relation to the participants’ demographic information, the non-identification of their gender and hashtags being misspelt. Practical implications The research project summarises the experiences that social media has made connecting easier through the right use of hashtags by providing 24/7 free feedback, the possibility to exchange ideas and by their involvement in promoting and organising events. It also indicates interaction among people sharing the same interest by retrieving subject-based hashtags. Originality/value When retrieving information related to hashtags, it is recommended that multi-retrieval systems, social media tools and search engines should be consulted and not depend on a solo system or tool. Future research is recommended in search for a multi-retrieval social media and search engine tool that standardises the use of hashtags and will retrieve information from different platforms.
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Jones, Sosanya Marie. "Diversity leadership under race-neutral policies in higher education." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 33, no. 8 (2014): 708–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-01-2013-0002.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain insight about the experience of multicultural administrators who oversee bridge program designed to recruit and retain historically underrepresented students of color. The study was also designed to capture the experience of the multicultural administrator as well as what meaning they made of their role as a diversity leader, and the challenges they face as they try to meet diversity goals under the constraints of race neutrality. Design/methodology/approach – This is a descriptive qualitative multi-case study. In order to gain a better understanding of the experience of multicultural administrators as they try to enact diversity leadership under race-neutral policies a qualitative phenomenological multi-case designed was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with multicultural administrators from four institutions within a southern state of the USA. Findings – Data reveals that seeking to increase and foster diversity on predominantly white campuses under race neutrality is challenging. Many of the administrators expressed concern about how they would maintain and increase diversity and campus inclusiveness without specifically marketing and targeting to groups that are traditionally marginalized. Overall, they described the experience as one filled with heightened awareness of the social and political environment and how senior-level administrators and other offices on campus perceived them and their work. Research limitations/implications – Using a qualitative multi-case study limits generalizability. Also, there are many other factors such as institutional type, location, student population, and institutional capacity that may impact the institutional conditions in which each of these administrators work. Practical implications – The findings of this study can be used to inform institutional policy makers of these struggles as well as provide campus administrators and staff helpful recommendations for dealing with the politics of race neutrality as they continue to fulfill their responsibility to increase diversity on their campuses. Social implications – This paper may raise awareness about the challenges of employing race neutrality, particularly for states and institutions concerned with diversifying higher education. It also highlights the challenges leaders face when dealing with reduced funding and policies that do not support their work. Originality/value – The paper discusses an understudied and under-recognized group of diversity leaders dealing with a current race-neutral policies. It will be of interests to institutional leaders, multicultural administrators, and other types of diversity leaders in higher education.
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Pečiuliauskienė, Palmira, and Ilona Valantinaitė. "The Factor in the Technological Creativity of V–VI Formers." Pedagogika 110, no. 2 (2013): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2013.1821.
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The article analyses how technological education determines the creativity of 5th–6th formers. Technological education is an integral part of general education. It makes it possible for students to act creatively, to choose flexibly – which is essential for anybody regardless their gender in the constantly changing socio-cultural environment, and to be able to use simple technologies at a user level. The article considers the development of students’ creativity in a systemic approach. Technological education is perceived as a complex of social and educational factors determining students’ creativity.
 In a creative society creativity is important in all spheres of activity where creative material becomes the basis for competitive advantage in the economy of the global market. The changes in the development of students’ creativity are conditioned by the fluctuation in educational paradigms, learning environments, general education programmes. Creativity is understood as a complex of personal qualities that manifests itself as an ability to offer new ideas, to think non-stereotypically, to orient oneself quickly in problematic situations, to find original solutions easily, which is determined by talents and interests. A systemic approach to creativity requires a systemic assessment of creativity development factors.
 Technological education is an integral part of general education. It originates from the idea of a “working school”, technologies as a school subject, teaching crafts, polytechnic and professional education. Technologies include material and human intellectual resources, scientific and practical knowledge and ways of organizing work. Technological education can be treated as a complex of both educational and social factors that promote students’ creativity.
 The method of factor analysis highlighted the following socio-educational factors of 5th–6th formers’ creativity development in technology classes: participation in the activities which are important for the school community; aesthetic activity; communication – cooperation; democratic relations; independent and responsible activity; individual activity; folk art recognition; promotion of activity; group work. Two factors have the most important influence on the development of students’ creativity: participation in the activities which are important for the school community (20.779 percent of dispersion) and participation in aesthetic activity (7.401 percent of dispersion). Nonetheless, the dispersion of social activity is almost three times bigger than that of aesthetic activity.
 Students’ creativity in technology classes is mostly determined by social factors. Out of the nine distinguished factors as many as four are of social character and only two (group work, individual work) are of educational character. Two creativity factors are related to aesthetic-artistic activity (aesthetic activity, folk art knowledge).
 Technology teachers see the source of creativity in their students’ interests. The tasks that correspond to students’ interests promote creativity. Technology teachers give a positive evaluation of the influence of individual and group work methods on creativity development. Teachers treat group work methods as a means of creating a favorable learning environment which creates “group enjoyment”. However, teachers state that it is impossible to do without individual work in technology classes. Technological tasks have to be performed accurately, with precision. They require a lot of time. Hence competitive methods are not suitable as competition can diminish the quality of work. Teachers think that in technological education both cooperative learning and individual work are important.
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Papaioannou, Thanos, Aggeliki Tsohou, and Maria Karyda. "Forming digital identities in social networks: the role of privacy concerns and self-esteem." Information & Computer Security 29, no. 2 (2021): 240–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-01-2020-0003.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify the data elements that social network sites (SNS) users consider important for shaping their digital identity and explore how users’ privacy concerns, self-esteem and the chosen SNS shape this process. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted an online survey with the participation of 759 individuals, to examine the influence of privacy concerns, self-esteem and the chosen SNS platform, on the shaping of the digital identity, through a classification of identity elements that users disclose when using a SNS, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and relevant constructs from the literature. Findings Findings reveal that users consider the name, gender, picture, interests and job as most important elements for shaping their digital identity. They also demonstrate that privacy concerns do not seem to affect the amount of information users choose to publish when shaping their digital identity. Specific characteristics of SNS platforms are found to affect the way that users shape their digital identity and their privacy behavior. Finally, self-esteem was found to affect privacy concerns and digital identity formation. Research limitations/implications To avoid a lengthy questionnaire and the risk of low participation, the respondents answered the questions for one SNS of their choice instead of answering the full questionnaire for each SNS that they use. The survey included the most popular SNSs at the time of the survey in terms of popularity. Practical implications The results contribute to the theory by furthering our knowledge on the elements that shape digital identity and by providing evidence with regard to the role of privacy and self-esteem within social networking. In practice, they can be useful for SNS providers, as well as for entities that design security and privacy awareness campaigns. Originality/value This paper identifies novel factors that influence digital identity formation, including the specific SNS used with its particular characteristics in combination with privacy concerns and self-esteem of the user.
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Wetzel, Eunike, and Benedikt Hell. "Gender-Related Differential Item Functioning in Vocational Interest Measurement." Journal of Individual Differences 34, no. 3 (2013): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000112.
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Large mean differences are consistently found in the vocational interests of men and women. These differences may be attributable to real differences in the underlying traits. However, they may also depend on the properties of the instrument being used. It is conceivable that, in addition to the intended dimension, items assess a second dimension that differentially influences responses by men and women. This question is addressed in the present study by analyzing a widely used German interest inventory (Allgemeiner Interessen-Struktur-Test, AIST-R) regarding differential item functioning (DIF) using a DIF estimate in the framework of item response theory. Furthermore, the impact of DIF at the scale level is investigated using differential test functioning (DTF) analyses. Several items on the AIST-R’s scales showed significant DIF, especially on the Realistic, Social, and Enterprising scales. Removal of DIF items reduced gender differences on the Realistic scale, though gender differences on the Investigative, Artistic, and Social scales remained practically unchanged. Thus, responses to some AIST-R items appear to be influenced by a secondary dimension apart from the interest domain the items were intended to measure.
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Kostina, Elena Y., Nadezhda A. Orlova, and Anna O. Panfilova. "Social well-being as evaluated by the population of the Far East region." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 11, no. 1 (2020): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2020.11.1.627.
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The nature and pace of social changes, global challenges and threats, the constant reproduction of social risks – all of these things speak to the problematic nature of the world’s current social portrait. This allows us to point out that today, despite all of civilization’s achievements, certain problems associated with the social well-being of a person, and society as a whole, remain unresolved. Social well-being is a multifactor construct, which itself is the result of a synthesis of causes and effects, a joining of objective and subjective factors; we are dealing with a systemic phenomenon, the categorization of which is distinguished by various facets and components which determine a person’s social well-being, the degree of public safety and modern value-normative implications. In conjunction these parameters define and bring a person’s social well-being to the forefront of the research and political agenda. The authors of this article insist that the study of the effect which objective processes occurring in society have on social well-being must be conducted in parallel with studying its subjective component, namely – a person’s subjective evaluation of this construct’s various aspects. Aside from that, special practical relevance is attributed to matters concerning the study of issues of social well-being in various social groups and cohorts, as well as within the regional context. Primorsky Krai, being part of the Far Eastern Federal District, possesses a distinct geographical, socio-economic and demographical specificity, while being an object of government strategic interests and goals; this is a territory where a plethora of innovative solutions aimed at stimulating the region’s socio-economic development are being initiated and implemented. Nonetheless, despite the government’s best efforts, the social effectiveness of these measures is not as pronounced as the current situation calls for them to be. The region is still in a state of demographic depression, with there being distinct sector-specific socio-economic and management issues. The article cites data collected by its authors while studying the subjective evaluation of the social well-being of Primorsky Krai’s population. A regional-scale quantitative study was conducted in May of 2019 by means of questionnaire survey (n=780). The results of this study of the population’s satisfaction with various aspects of life are generally favorable, with certain disparities having been recorded based on age and gender.
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Nazarova, Galyna, and Kateryna Demchenko. "THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF ASSESSING THE SOCIAL SECURITY OF THE REGION." Innovative Technologies and Scientific Solutions for Industries, no. 1 (15) (March 31, 2021): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/itssi.2021.15.098.
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The subject of research in the article is the theoretical foundations of the formation and development of the category of social security in the region. The purpose of the work is to analyze the preconditions for the formation of social security, to reveal the chronology of the formation of the concept of social security from the standpoint of international experience and to conduct an etymological, morphological analysis of the concept of social security. The article solves the following tasks: to investigate the theoretical aspects of the formation of the concept of social security, to determine the features and main directions of its development; to substantiate the expediency the approaches to social security; to conduct an etymological analysis of the concept of social security. The following methods are used: method of analysis and synthesis, classification-analytical method, abstract-logical method, historical-retrospective analysis and generalization. The following results were obtained: the definitions of foreign and Ukrainian scientists were systematized, morphological analysis was implemented, which made it possible to determine theoretical and methodological signs of this concept. The components of social security were justified: the macro level, the mesoroven and the micro level. The key ideas of the concept of social security, which are embedded in international and state normative legal acts, are identified. It has been proved that the reflection of the provisions of the concept of social security in international documents has influenced the practical implementation of developments in social policy around the world. The study of social security levels made it possible to distinguish the micro level, or personal level of human security. Based on the concept of social security, trends and results of social and economic processes are determined, while combining a system of goals, objectives, destabilizing and stabilizing factors of the external and internal environment. Conclusions: The analysis of social security has proved the need to focus the attention of the State on issues of social protection, namely interests, freedoms, preservation and development of human potential, ensuring a decent and high standard of living, regardless of age, gender, income level of the population. To assess the level and state of social security, it is proposed to use instrumental, situational, static, process, systemic and functional approaches. The concept of social security is complemented by modern studies of human capital, human development, and regional economy.
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Carlsson Hauff, Jeanette, and Jonas Nilsson. "The influence of gender on the choice of education: the mediating effect of interest in statistics." Journal of International Education in Business 13, no. 1 (2020): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jieb-07-2019-0032.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to verify the existence of a gender unbalance regarding choice of quantitatively oriented masters’ programs at a business school. The aim, further, is to analyze variables potentially affecting this unbalance: interest in quantitative matters, perceived competence regarding quantitative subjects and measures of quantitative knowledge. Design/methodology/approach Empirical data was collected through a survey of 203 students at a Swedish business school. A measure of quantitative orientation was developed to assess the level of nine masters’ programs at the school. A regression analysis was used to identify the impact of gender and the other explanatory variables. Findings The results indicate that there is a gender unbalance: female students choose master programs perceived to be less quantitatively oriented. However, when studying gender together with level of interest, perceived competence and objective knowledge, the direct gender effect disappears. Instead, a strong positive effect of interest in quantitative matters emerges, as does an indirect effect of gender through the mediating variable level of interest. Practical implications The dual importance of level of interest influences the pedagogical suggestions made. Interpersonal contact between teacher and student and use of technology are suggested to raise the level of interest. To reduce the indirect effect of gender through interest, a suggestion is made to work with stereotype threats. Originality/value The paper addresses a topic of importance: the potential gender unbalance as regards qualitative orientation. It manages to nuance the picture of the importance of gender – and through the introduction of level of interest suggests a productive path forward.