Academic literature on the topic 'Practice-led art research'
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Journal articles on the topic "Practice-led art research"
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Rutten, Kris. "Art, ethnography and practice-led research." Critical Arts 30, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560046.2016.1205317.
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Candy, L., S. Amitani, and Z. Bilda. "Practice-led strategies for interactive art research." CoDesign 2, no. 4 (December 2006): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15710880601007994.
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Petelin, George. "Visual Art Doctorates: Practice-Led Research or Research Per Se?" Media International Australia 118, no. 1 (February 2006): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0611800105.
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As part of a benchmarking project commissioned in 2002 by ACUADS, the Australian Council of University Art and Design Schools, I conducted a series of focus groups with candidates for higher degrees in Visual Art in Australia in order to gain some insight into how the terminology of research was understood and used by visual art higher degree students. The present paper makes use of that data and examines to what extent practice-led research can engage in a general research debate.
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Till, Jeremy, Judith Mottram, and Chris Rust. "Adapting research activity AHRC review of practice-led research." Architectural Research Quarterly 9, no. 2 (June 2005): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135913550500014x.
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In 2005 the Arts and Humanities Research Council initiated a review of practice-led research in art, design and architecture. The purpose of the review was to develop a ‘comprehensive map of recent and current research activity in the area’. What quickly became obvious to the team that won the bid to run the review (led by the three authors) was that to map activity one first had to attempt to define it. The term ‘practice-led research’ means many different things to different people and so immediately raises debate. The positions range from those who believe that the act of making or designing alone constitutes research, to those who believe that research (as analytical activity) is incommensurable with design (as synthetic activity). For the former, the knowledge contained within the artefact is self-evident and beyond the need for additional explication; for the latter, knowledge resides outside the artefact and in the realm of its dissemination and interpretation. The importance of the AHRC review is not that it will settle these arguments, but that it will provide a much firmer context in which to place them.
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Ananda, Rizky Fauzy, Helena Evelin Limbong, and Hery Budiawan. "Saru Pakareman: Refleksi Pengalaman Diri sebagai Practice-led Research." Resital: Jurnal Seni Pertunjukan 23, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/resital.v23i2.7328.
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ABSTRACT This research on the art creation of Saru Pakareman's work aims to find the importance of repetition in both musical and extra-musical. This work is a process of creating musical compositions that depart from the reflection of the researcher's self-experience. This art creation research activity is based on musical and extra-musical experiences in the researcher's life that have an influence on the researcher's music writing style or language. These experiences are mostly found by researchers from everyday life from childhood in the realm of family (social) phenomena where the influence of cultural teachings brought by mothers plays a major role in the process of self-introduction and the researcher's musical style. The art creation research methodology used is Practice-led Research artistic research which is also integrated with ethnographic and phenomenological approaches. The stages carried out a) the collection of data on phenomena, minimalist music, repetitions, Sundanese, and drum patterns, b) deepening of art creation: Repetition, Art creation Internship, Laboratory, and Curation. The results of this art creation research are in the form of program music works based on family socio-cultural phenomena and repetitions with simple development, interpretation of laras saléndro padantara into the whole tone scale in Western music, as well as the transition of traditional musical instruments kendang, karawitan degung laras madenda, and karawitan jaipong into the form of a string ensemble presentation. The results of such art creation research prove that the importance of repetition in music as well as in the context of life. Without repetitions in music a piece will not sound musical, while in the context of life repetition is something that always exists in everyday life such as worship activities and life patterns, in the context of education repetition is the easiest and most basic way of learning to learn and recall about understanding something. Reflection on life-experience through Practice-led Research is proven to be an idea of art creation research and is able to bridge the gap between subjectivity and objectivity in scientific writing.ABSTRAK Penelitian penciptaan karya Saru Pakareman ini bertujuan untuk menemukan arti pending repetisi baik dalam musikal maupun ekstra-musikal. Karya ini merupakan proses penciptaan komposisi musik yang berangkat dari refleksi pengalaman diri penulis. Kegiatan penelitian penciptaan ini didasari oleh pengalaman musikal dan ekstra-musikal dalam hidup penulis yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap gaya atau bahasa penulisan musik penulis. Pengalaman pengalaman tersebut sebagian besar didapati penulis dari kehidupan sehari-hari sedari kecil dalam ranah fenomena (sosial) keluarga di mana pengaruh ajaran kebudayaan yang dibawa oleh ibu berperan besar dalam proses pengenalan diri dan gaya musik penulis. Metodologi penelitian penciptaan yang digunakan adalah penelitian artistik Practice-led Research yang juga diintegrasikan dengan pendekatan etnografi dan fenomenologi. Tahapan yang dilakukan: a) Pengumpulan data mengenai fenomena, musik minimalis, repetisi, Sunda, dan pola kendang; b) Pendalaman penciptaan: repetisi, magang penciptaan, laboratorium, dan kurasi. Hasil penelitian penciptaan ini berupa karya musik program yang didasari oleh fenomena sosial budaya keluarga dan repetisi dengan pengembangan sederhana, penginterpretasian laras saléndro padantara ke dalam whole tone scale dalam musik barat, serta peralihan wahana instrumen musik tradisional kendang, karawitan degung laras madenda, dan karawitan jaipong ke dalam bentuk sajian ansambel gesek. Hasil dari penelitian penciptaan tersebut membuktikan bahwa pentingnya repetisi dalam musik maupun dalam konteks kehidupan. Tanpa adanya repetisi dalam musik suatu karya tidak akan terdengar musikal, sedangkan dalam konteks kehidupan repetisi adalah hal yang selalu ada dalam keseharian seperti kegiatan peribadatan maupun pola hidup, dalam konteks Pendidikan repetisi merupakan cara belajar termudah dan paling dasar untuk mempelajari dan mengingat kembali tentang pemahaman sesuatu. Refleksi atas pengalaman diri lewat Practice-led Research terbukti dapat dijadikan sebuah ide penelitian penciptaan dan mampu menjembatani antara subjektifitas dan objektifitas dalam penulisan ilmiah.
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Nimkulrat, Nithikul. "Material inspiration: From practice-led research to craft art education." Craft Research 1, no. 1 (September 2010): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/crre.1.63_1.
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Rendell, Jane. "Architectural research and disciplinarity." Architectural Research Quarterly 8, no. 2 (June 2004): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135913550400017x.
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There are at present considerable concerns with how architectural research will be assessed in the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) of 2008. In RAE 2001, most architectural research was submitted to one of three Units of Assessment (UoA): 33 Built Environment, 60 History of Art, Architecture and Design, and 64 Art and Design. There were subtle, but important, differences in output definition and assessment criteria between UoA 33 and UoA 64 with respect to practice-led research. Most importantly, in UoA 33 practice-led outputs were accepted by the panel, but only as publications, whereas UoA 64 assessed practice-led research outputs accompanied by a 300-word statement that clarified the contributions of that particular research to the development of original knowledge in the field. The diversity of methods and complexity of output types, combined with the composition of UoA 33, led to results that many feel did not properly reflect the strengths of architectural design, particularly practice-led research. This methodology essentially disenfranchised a significant part of the community from the rae process to the detriment not only of the community, but to the credibility of the process itself.
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Frederick, Ursula K., and Tracy Ireland. "‘Last Drinks at the Hibernian’: practice-led research into art and archaeology." Australian Archaeology 85, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2020.1749482.
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Moerdisuroso, Indro, and Zaitun Y. A. Kherid. "Thesis Writing Model of Art Practice." International Journal of Creative and Arts Studies 7, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/ijcas.v7i1.4162.
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ABSTRACT The result of this study is contributed to improving the academic thinking of art practice students, especially in the writing of the undergraduate thesis. The problem is about a system of academic thinking as reflected in the thesis guidebook. Students' academic thinking in thesis writing is guided by a manual book published by a local institution. The case in this study is the thesis guidebook of art practice in an art study program. In this book has no explicit explanation on method and analysis aspects. Whereas both of these aspects are precisely the essence of academic thinking, that is research-based thinking. This fact encourages a study of thesis writing model of art practice, particularly on methods and analysis aspects. This study implements a Research and Development (R&D) approach and mixed methods. The model will propose Teikmanis' typology of art-related research, such as practice-led research, research-led practice, and artistic research. It also adapted Barrett's structure of art education, which consisted of conceptual, operational and synthesis aspects. The conclusion of the study showed that the participants were able to arrange a thesis based on this model. Model Penulisan Tesis Praktik Seni ABSTRAK Hasil penelitian ini dikontribusikan untuk meningkatkan pemikiran akademik mahasiswa praktik seni, khususnya dalam penulisan skripsi. Masalahnya adalah tentang berpikir akademis sebagaimana tercermin dalam pedoman skripsi. Pemikiran akademis dalam penulisan skripsi dipandu oleh pedoman penulisan yang diterbitkan oleh institusi terkait. Kasus dalam penelitian ini adalah suatu pedoman skripsi praktik seni dalam suatu program studi seni rupa. Dalam buku ini tidak ada penjelasan eksplisit tentang aspek metode dan analisis. Padahal kedua aspek ini justru merupakan inti dari pemikiran akademis, yaitu pemikiran berbasis penelitian. Fakta ini mendorong studi model penulisan skripsi praktik seni, terutama dalam aspek metode dan analisis. Studi ini menerapkan pendekatan Penelitian dan Pengembangan (R&D) dengan metode campuran. Model ini mengusulkan tipologi penelitian seni Teikmanis, seperti practiceled research, research-led practice, dan artistic research. Selain itu juga mengadaptasi struktur pendidikan seni Barrett, yang terdiri dari aspek konseptual, operasional, dan sintesis. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para partisipan dapat menyusun skripsi berdasarkan model ini.
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Lin, Fabia Ling-Yuan. "Using Thematic Analysis to Facilitate Meaning-Making in Practice-Led Art and Design Research." International Journal of Art & Design Education 38, no. 1 (August 8, 2018): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jade.12177.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Practice-led art research"
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Mafé, Daniel. "Rephrasing voice : art, practice-led research and the limits and sites of articulacy." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/32131/1/Daniel_Maf%C3%A9_Thesis.pdf.
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While my PhD is practice-led research, it is my contention that such an inquiry cannot develop as long as it tries to emulate other models of research. I assert that practice-led research needs to account for an epistemological unknown or uncertainty central to the practice of art. By focusing on what I call the artist's 'voice,' I will show how this 'voice' is comprised of a dual motivation—'articulate' representation and 'inarticulate' affect—which do not even necessarily derive from the artist. Through an analysis of art-historical precedents, critical literature (the work of Jean-François Lyotard and Andrew Benjamin, the critical methods of philosophy, phenomenology and psychoanalysis) as well as of my own painting and digital arts practice, I aim to demonstrate how this unknown or uncertain aspect of artistic inquiry can be mapped. It is my contention that practice-led research needs to address and account for this dualistic 'voice' in order to more comprehensively articulate its unique contribution to research culture.
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Jewell, Sharon L. "Surface materials and aspects of care: A study in modes of being in a visual art practice." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/88911/56/Sharon%20Jewell%20Thesis.pdf.
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Through creative practice and written research, this thesis explores the peculiar qualities of surface materials, revealing a broader ethos of practice which I identify as care. I propose that care arises as a mode of being between artist and work, work and beholder, and between the parts of the work. The thesis situates the art practice within an ethical framework, premised on, but extending, Heidegger's ontological equation of care with being. The original contribution is in the claim that the particular qualities of worldly matter generate the terms for care as a particular mode of engagement that is reciprocal and intransitive.
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Nykiel, Annette. "meeting place An exhibition – and – locating the Country: an Australian bricoleuse’s inquiry An exegesis." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2100.
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This practice-led PhD research investigated alternate forms of articulation to relate stories of place-making, as narrative or object, and added threads to the complex meshwork and herstory of the Country. The research was conducted in ‘The Country’, of the north-eastern Goldfields and Yalgorup Lakes in Western Australia. These two non-urban sites provided unique experiences of the bush, local people’s stories and understandings of time. The research investigated the implications of non-urban spaces as studios in relation to the concepts of place, time and narrative.
This research was, in part, experiential and drew on an absorbed embodied awareness of notions of the Country (a place). This was embedded in an ethical onto-epistemology, through the process of piecing together bricolages of seemingly unrelated fragments of methods, conceptual frameworks and materials in simple and complex ways. In making and thinking, gleaned, recycled and repurposed bits and pieces were gathered and utilised during nomadic wayfaring.
The research drew on ideas pertaining to wayfaring and yarning, ‘mapping’ and experiencing the Country through the multi-faceted lenses of the bricoleuse, the geoscientist, the maker and the artsworker. Experiencing the materiality of the Country was a spatial, kinaesthetic and tactile engagement over long periods of time in the midst of the social, physical, material and biotic elements of specific ‘places’. Narratives and artworks emerged from piecing together pre-used fragments into textiles, then curated to form assemblages in built environments, and at the non-urban sites. Collective gatherings of people making, and sharing were facilitated as part of my practice. Yarning about and creatively mapping, these situated experiences in place, aimed to encourage connections and collaborative understanding between the city and the Country.
This research contributes to the value and importance of using non-urban spaces both as sustainable sources of material for artwork and as studios. A bricoleuse’s approach to field-based/practice-led research contributes a relational, conceptual and methodological approach to creative arts, and to collaborative and interdisciplinary research frameworks.
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Sade, Gavin John. "Envisaging alternatives for practice : a study into the way concepts of sustain-ability can be explored within an interactive media arts practice." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/53314/1/Gavin_Sade_Thesis.pdf.
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This practice-led study explores different ways the subject of sustain-ability can be addressed within an Interactive Media Arts practice. The exploration encompasses three creative projects, Charmed, Distracted and e. Menura superba. Grounded in an ecological philosophy inspired by vegetarianism and the critical design philosophy of defuturing, the work shows how such a philosophical position can guide the redirection of practice. The concern for sustain-ability within my practice, and more generally the question of Interactive Media Arts and sustain-ability, I refer to as a problématique. The objective of this study is not one of finding an answer or a truth to an instrumentally posed question, but to explore the complexities of the problématique through a program of practice and intellectual investigation. The aim being to redirect my practice and to find a renewed raison d’être for practice through a process of opening up, encountering, and discovering otherwise unknown possibilities for practice. In the context of sustain-ability, this opening up of possibilities can be considered a form of futuring. A futuring I argue is only possible if the things we take for granted as integral aspects of our being, practices and life worlds, are revealed in ways that estrange them, rendering them visible in ways that allow questioning and change.
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Girak, Susan. "forget me not: An exhibition –and– Creative Reuse: How rescued materials transformed my A/r/tographic practice: An exegesis." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1618.
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This thesis, comprising of a written exegesis, solo exhibition and an artist book, emerged from research undertaken by an artist-researcher-teacher. For that reason, a/r/tography was the overarching methodology used, incorporating a bricolage of methods to address a multifaceted study undertaken in two settings: a primary school classroom and an artist’s studio. A/r/tography is a multilayered interdisciplinary Arts education research methodology that correlates well with my expertise as a primary Visual Arts specialist. The methodology allowed me to immerse myself in both teaching and the artmaking process, as ways of gaining a deeper understanding of Visual Arts pedagogy. The purpose of the study was to examine what the impact of making art with discarded materials had on raising environmental consciousness, from the viewpoint of an artist-researcher-teacher. Additionally, this research was positioned within the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005–2014) and Sustainability, a cross-curriculum priority in the Australian Curriculum. The aim of this research was to show that Visual Arts is an effective way to embed Sustainability in the curriculum.
In a two-phase study, the role of artmaking to facilitate shifts towards sustainability was investigated among 12-year-olds and myself in my creative praxis. In Phase One, 20 primary school students, from an area of high socio-economic advantage, participated in a 10-session Visual Arts program, using discarded materials to make and exhibit artworks with an environmental focus. Then, as an artist, I followed the same brief as the students, resulting in an exegesis and two creative components: an artist book incorporated into the exegetical writing and a solo exhibition at Edith Cowan University’s Spectrum Project Space in October 2014.
This study showed that the creative reuse of discarded materials promoted reflexivity and raised sustainable awareness, leading to positive attitudinal and behavioural shifts in both the students and myself. The outcome of my creative component was a catalyst for shifts in the way I made art and the way I taught Visual Arts. By immersing myself in the artmaking process, I questioned unsustainable artmaking processes and moved towards reducing my own environmental footprint. The symbiotic nature of a/r/tography meant that new knowledge gained in the studio could be transferred to the classroom. The results of the research are presented through this exegetical writing and an exhibition, which included: returning to techniques that promoted reflexivity; exploring the ephemeral through photography; and demystifying the artmaking process through an artist book. The most significant finding of this study was that the physical act of artmaking enabled the students and me to re-examine our behaviours and to reconsider the value of discarded materials, which in turn triggered shifts in our awareness towards sustainability.
Self-initiated behavioural shifts in the students included reusing materials and reducing consumption. Further, the students were able to make personal connections between their behaviours and their environmental footprints. This has implications for teachers integrating Sustainability. Arts-led education provides an alternative approach to teaching Sustainability across the curriculum. A set of recommendations arising from the research include: to provide support mechanisms to assist in-service teachers to implement Visual Arts-led Sustainability programs in primary schools; to introduce a/r/tography into pre-service teacher training; and for REmida WA to provide professional learning to support innovative, low-cost, multimodal in-service teacher training for Visual Arts-led Sustainability programs.
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Blacklock, Naomi. "Conjuring alterity: Refiguring the witch and the female scream in contemporary art." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132362/1/Naomi_Blacklock_Thesis.pdf.
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This practice-led research project addresses the political and creative significance of the witch archetype as an emancipatory symbol for alterity in contemporary art. Framed within an intersectional feminist methodology, it explores cultural mythologies, personal histories, political activism, gender and sexual rebellion. Using embodied performance it explores the significance of disruptive feminist voices and reimagines intersectional identities in contemporary art practice through the figure of the 'witch' as Other.
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Spicer, Malory E. "Digital Animation as a Method of Inquiry." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437499872.
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Boyes, Emma Louise. "The masquerade of the feminine." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16250/1/Emma_Boyes_Thesis.pdf.
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This project investigates the apparent contradiction of a female artist who prioritises embodied presence in her art works, but produces Minimalist installations. It does this by describing in detail and analysing, and thus re-evaluating the significance of, the full range of actions and processes that are performed to produce the work. It further proposes that, in the actions of crafting the individual elements and in designing, planning and installing the work in Modernist gallery spaces, conditions are set up for viewers of the finished work to experience a physical awareness that echoes that of the artist in those actions and processes.
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Boyes, Emma Louise. "The masquerade of the feminine." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16250/.
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This project investigates the apparent contradiction of a female artist who prioritises embodied presence in her art works, but produces Minimalist installations. It does this by describing in detail and analysing, and thus re-evaluating the significance of, the full range of actions and processes that are performed to produce the work. It further proposes that, in the actions of crafting the individual elements and in designing, planning and installing the work in Modernist gallery spaces, conditions are set up for viewers of the finished work to experience a physical awareness that echoes that of the artist in those actions and processes.
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Peacock, Christine. "A novella of ideas : how interactive new media art can effectively communicate an indigenous philosophical concept." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30391/.
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How interactive new media art can effectively communicate an indigenous philosophical concept. The sophistication and complexity of the philosophical concept concerning relationships between land and people and between people, intrinsic to the laws and customs of Australian Indigenous society, has begun to be communicated and accessed beyond the realm of anthropological and ethnological domains of Western scholarship. The exciting scope and rapid development of new media arts presents an innovative means of creating an interactive relationship with the general Australian public, addressing the urgent need for an understanding of Indigenous Australian concepts of relationship to land, and to each other, absent from Western narratives. The study is framed by an Indigenous concept of place, and relationships between land and people and between people; and explores how this concept can be clearly communicated through interactive new media arts. It involves: a creative project, the development of an interactive new media art project, a website work-in-progress titled site\sight\cite; and an exegesis, a Novella of Ideas, on the origins, influences, objectives, and potential of creative practices and processes engaged in the creative project. Research undertaken for the creative project and exegesis extended my creative practice into the use of interdisciplinary arts, expressly for the expression of philosophical concepts, consolidating 23 years experience in Indigenous community arts development. The creative project and exegesis contributes to an existing body of Indigenous work in a range of areas - including education, the arts and humanities - which bridges old and new society in Australia. In this study, old and new society is defined by the time of the initial production of art and foundations of knowledge, in the country of its origins, in Indigenous Australia dating back at least 40,000 years.
Books on the topic "Practice-led art research"
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Practice-led research, research-led practice in the creative arts. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009.
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Smith, Hazel, and R. T. Dean. Practice-led Research, Research-led Practice in the Creative Arts. Edinburgh University Press, 2009.
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Ribeiro, Jaime, Ellen Synthia Fernandes de Oliveira, Cleoneide Oliveira, Brígida Mónica Faria, and Lucimara Fornari, eds. New trends in qualitative health research: the pandemic aftermath. Ludomedia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.13.2022.e733.
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With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen new ways of doing things emerge. Various aspects of everyday life have been digitalized. What was once face-to-face, in context, is now done at a distance. For better or worse, healthcare and health research also had repercussions. On the one hand, there were aspects that improved, while others left something to be desired. I will not list them, because they have already been widely debated and it is now important to discuss what brought us to this page. In the particular field of qualitative research in health, also evident in this edition of NTQR, new trends can be observed in the way of researching, collecting data and producing results. We can even say that the successive confinements and constraints in data collection in the field have led us to a more reflexive process, to look more at what others have produced. We have seen, in the different scientific areas, an increase in literature reviews and other ways of collecting data, such as those latent on the internet. But this is not necessarily harmful, on the contrary, it has created opportunities to map and systematise knowledge. Not reinventing the wheel, but noting the "wheels" that exist, what is done, what needs to be done, innovating and finding ways to improve healthcare in its different perspectives. Perhaps due to better accessibility to data and easier logistics, scoping reviews, for example, sprang up, which, based on the qualitative approach, are one of the best ways to establish the state of the art of what we want to know. We have also observed a growth in thinking outside the box, using visual methods to gather information, such as images and even videographic analysis. We live overwhelmed with communications, content created and exchanges of information, by ordinary citizens, service users, professionals, scientists and many other people. A vast amount of unexplored data that has now emerged, perhaps because the imposed brake of our routines has led us to look more reflectively and give it a chance. All this to say that the more sedentary research has not only changed the vision of doing scientifically valid research but has also reinvented processes for obtaining data that are visible, but that were rarely used. Systematizing dispersed knowledge, shortens the time and resources spent and accelerates the acquisition of skills and, as is often said, the practice based on evidence. The evidence exists, perhaps it is not within everyone's reach, so it is no disrespect to gather, systematize, facilitate the interpretation and publish knowledge produced by others. To research from the office in a protocoled and structured way, is to produce knowledge, which should be poured and drunk by those without access and without availability to start investigations from scratch. Sometimes the best knowledge has already been produced, let us guide its discovery!
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Edwards, Jane. Music Therapy Research. Edited by Jane Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.013.50.
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Music therapy is an evidence-based profession. Music therapy research aims to provide information about outcomes that support music therapy practice including contributing to theoretical perspectives that can explain why changes occur during treatment. Music therapy research has been conducted in a range of health, education, and community contexts throughout the world. Initially many music therapy developments in the university sector occurred through the establishment of training programmes that were developed and delivered by music therapists with professional experience in leading services in education and health care. Now many music therapy training programmes are led by people with practice experience along with research qualifications, and some universities offer music therapy doctoral pathways. Music therapy research capacity has expanded through a notable increase in PhD graduates as well as an increase in funded research in music therapy. This chapter covers: (1) traditions, (2) trends, and (3) contexts for music therapy research.
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Fancourt, Daisy. The political background to arts in health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792079.003.0003.
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In recent decades, there has been an increasing number of national policy and strategy papers discussing arts in health in countries around the world. Some of this activity has been driven by national arts bodies, championing the value of the arts in health and wellbeing and advocating for their inclusion within core arts funding and practice. Other activity has been led by health bodies, including health departments within governments and health services themselves. This chapter explores some of the most influential documents and considers their implication for research and practice. It draws on case studies of activity within Ireland, the UK, the USA, Australia, and Nordic countries.
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Biesel, Kay, Judith Masson, Nigel Parton, and Tarja Pösö, eds. Errors and Mistakes in Child Protection. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447350705.001.0001.
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This comprehensive international study provides a cross-national analysis of different understandings of errors and mistakes in child protection practice and lessons to avoid and handle them, using research and knowledge from eleven countries in Europe and North America. Divided into country-specific chapters, each examines the pathways that led to mistakes, the scale of their impact, how responsibilities and responses are decided and how practice and policy subsequently changed. Considering the complexities of evolving practice contexts, this authoritative, future-oriented study is an invaluable text for practitioners, researchers and policy makers wishing to understand why child protection fails – and offers a springboard for fresh thinking about strategies to reduce future risk.
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Edwards, Deanna, and Kate Parkinson, eds. Family Group Conferences in Social Work. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447335801.001.0001.
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Family group conferences (FGCs) are a strengths based approach to social work practice, empowering families to take responsibility for decision-making. It is a cost-effective service, which is currently used by the majority of local authorities. This book discusses the origins and theoretical underpinnings of family-led decision-making and brings together the current research on the efficacy and limitations of FGCs into a single text. The book also covers topics such as the use of FGCs in different areas of children and families social work, uses case studies to illustrate current practice, and explores whether FGCs should become a mainstream function of children and families social work.
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Grisso, Thomas, and Stanley L. Brodsky, eds. The Roots of Modern Psychology and Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190688707.001.0001.
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The Roots of Modern Psychology and Law offers the personal narratives of 12 contributors to this field during the 1970s and 1980s, the decades following the birth of the American Psychology–Law Society in 1969. The first chapter describes the evolution of the field from its earliest roots at the beginning of the 20th century to the present. The field was dormant in the mid-20th century, then blossomed about 50 years ago. The 12 primary chapters are written by psychologists who created the seminal works on which the field was built for the most recent 50 years. For their own research or practice specialties, they describe the state of the modern field of psychology and law when it emerged in the 1970s, how they were led to try to apply psychology to law, their earliest works in that area, and how those works stimulated the evolution of research and practice in the areas they had first explored. Each chapter traces that evolution to the present and offers reflections on the future of their subfield within psychology and law.
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Churchill, Robert Paul. The Cultural Evolution of Honor Killing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190468569.003.0006.
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The focus in this chapter is on why honor killing ever came into existence as a social practice. The units for analysis are sociocultural systems and ecological pressures on the demographic groups among whom honor killing evolved. Here a population-level model of cultural evolution is employed to advance an argument for the best explanation for the development of honor killing. Only cultural systems performing adaptive functions continued among early desert nomads and pastoralist of the arid mountain uplands. Historical and anthropological research supports claims that severe ecological challenges led to two major functional systems: consanguine hierarchical patriarchy and the segmentary lineage system. Honor killing likewise evolved, first as a costly signaling system to avert loss of female reproductive assets and to avoid group splintering. It later evolved further as an exaptation and as a means of avoiding blood-related conflicts within segmentary lineage systems.
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Rodriguez, Andrea, Chris Murray, Camila Biazus-Dalcin, Moira Mackay, and Clio Ding. Don't Give Up On Us. University of Dundee, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001264.
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There is significant room for improvement of services addressed to young people experiencing homelessness. Current research and a previous knowledge exchange programme led by the Universities of Dundee and St Andrews has identified a need to incorporate all the individual’s needs and aspirations into this support. The project research team created an opportunity for practitioners in different fields and young people with experience of homelessness to come together and share views, feelings, and practices on how to achieve better collaboration and service delivery. The programme: i) shared research evidence on this topic; ii) collected experiences from young people to identify key elements of service provision they find are essential; iii) brought together practitioners from different sectors, academics, and policy makers to reflect upon the existing governmental and services initiatives to overcome the barriers towards better accessibility and engagement with services and practitioners. One of the outcomes of this work is this comic, which illustrates various perspectives on the barriers to accessing services and engaging with practitioners. The first story in this comic showcases the perspectives of young people sharing their experiences related to homelessness and the support they have received. The second story represents the perceptions of practitioners. In the last part of the comic the young people and the practitioners come together to share their views and reflect on best practice. This comic is part of the training package ‘Do not Give Up on Us: an interdisciplinary public engagement and research programme’ addressed to those working (or desiring to work) with people experiencing homelessness or at risk of becoming homeless. It is designed to pose questions about the experiences of receiving and delivering services, and it is hoped that young people and practitioners will use it to prompt discussion about the multiple challenges we all face in trying to reduce and eventually eliminate youth homelessness.
Book chapters on the topic "Practice-led art research"
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Allpress, Brent, Robyn Barnacle, Lesley Duxbury, and Elizabeth Grierson. "Supervising Practice-Led Research by Project in Art, Creative Writing, Architecture and Design." In Supervising Practices for Postgraduate Research in Art, Architecture and Design, 1–14. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-019-4_1.
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Robson, Julie. "Artists in Australian Academies: Performance in the Labyrinth of Practice-Led Research." In Practice as Research in the Arts, 129–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137282910_7.
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Humphris, Imogen, Lummina G. Horlings, and Iain Biggs. "‘Getting Deep into Things’: Deep Mapping in a ‘Vacant’ Landscape." In Co-Creativity and Engaged Scholarship, 357–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84248-2_12.
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AbstractAreas in cities typically denoted as ‘Vacant and Derelict Land’ are frequently presented in policy documents as absent of meaning and awaiting development. However, visits to many of these sites offer evidence of abundant citizen activity occurring outside of planning policy. Dog walkers, DIY skatepark builders, pigeon fanciers and reminiscing former factory workers, for example, can all be found inscribing their own narratives, in palimpsest like fashion, upon these landscapes. This spatio-temporally bound and layered mix of contested meanings extend beyond representational capacity offered by traditional cartographic methods as employed in policy decision-making. Such a failure to represent these ecologies of citizen-led practices often results in their erasure at the point of formal redevelopment. In this chapter, we explore how one alternative approach may respond to these challenges of representation through a case study project in Glasgow, Scotland. Deep mapping is an ethnographically informed, arts research practice, drawing Cifford Geertz’s notion of ‘thick description’ into a visual-performative realm and seeking to extend beyond the thin map by creating multifaceted and open-ended descriptions of place. As such, deep maps are not only investigations into place but of equal concern are the processes by which representations of place are generated. Implicit in this are questions about the role of the researcher as initiator, gatherer, archivist or artist and the intertwining between the place and the self. As a methodological approach that embraces multiplicity and favours the ‘politicized, passionate, and partisan’ over the totalizing objectivity of traditional maps, deep mapping offers a potential to give voice to marginalized, micro-narratives existing in tension with one another and within dominant meta-narratives but also triggers new questions over inclusivity. This methodologically focused chapter explores the ways in which an ethnographically informed, arts research practice may offer alternative insight into spaces of non-aligned narratives. The results from this investigation will offer new framings of spaces within the urban landscape conventionally represented as vacant or empty and generate perspectives on how art research methods may provide valuable investigative tools for decision-makers working in such contexts. The deep mapping work is available to view at http://www.govandeepmap.com.
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Cohen, Joshua B., and Robert Gianni. "Democratic Experimentation with Responsibility: A Pragmatist Approach to Responsible Research and Innovation." In Putting Responsible Research and Innovation into Practice, 57–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14710-4_4.
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AbstractDisruptive societal changes following from emerging science and technology have recently led to a growing interest in developing ethical frameworks. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is such a framework that aims to improve the relationship between science and society. Now a decade after its conceptualization, it still seems to suffer from conceptual unclarity and lack of implementation. Since responsibility in research and innovation practice remains as important as ever, we propose to revive the normative potential of RRI by approaching it as a matter of collective democratic experimentation. To further develop this approach, we propose a pragmatist conceptualization inspired by John Dewey, his work on democracy as an ethical way of life and his attention to the contextual nature of responsibility. Furthermore, we show how his interest in social inquiring publics provides a particularly apt foothold from which to operationalize collective democratic experimentation with RRI. We will illustrate the utility of this approach, with specific attention to the social, experimental and public character of social inquiry, by connecting it to the recent call to use social labs methodology to experiment with RRI. From this we draw lessons for future collective democratic experimentation with responsibility in research and innovation practice.
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Monkevičienė, Ona, and Alvyra Galkienė. "Theoretical and Methodological Validation of the Action Research: Methodology of the Scientific Study." In Inclusive Learning and Educational Equity, 59–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80658-3_3.
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AbstractThis chapter presents the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the action research, which was used by collaborating research teams from Poland, Lithuania, Finland and Austria for the study “Improving Inclusive Education Through Universal Design for Learning”. The chapter discusses different sociocultural contexts in the participating countries and what led to the research question, which asks “How does the implementation of universal design for learning enrich the practice of inclusive education in different educational contexts”. This question was looked at in terms of its relevance to the four above-mentioned countries. It can be argued that the action research is favourable for the development of theory and that inclusive education can be changed and reflected by it. The types of action research chosen by the research teams are discussed, those being collaborative, and critical participatory. The cycles of action research and their goals are also presented. Seeking to substantiate the choices of research teams regarding the process and methods of action research, this chapter elaborates on the aspects of action research organisation that are interpreted differently by the researchers: Can the action research be conducted only by the researcher–teachers or can it be carried out by teachers in cooperation with researchers? Is it possible to use a combination of qualitative and quantitative research? The problem with quality and validity of action research is discussed.
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Bond, Melissa, and Nina Bergdahl. "Student Engagement in Open, Distance, and Digital Education." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1–16. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_79-1.
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AbstractEngaging students in their learning, and within their learning community, is a key goal of educators. However, ongoing discussions about its nature, conceptualization, and measurement have led to a diffusion of the concept’s understanding, and ability to apply it within both research and practice. This chapter draws on theoretical and empirical primary and secondary ODDE research, and provides an overview of student engagement and disengagement, particularly as they relate to educational technology. The four dimensions of behavioral, affective/emotional, cognitive, and social (dis-)engagement are presented, alongside example indicators. In addition, a bioecological model of student engagement is explored with explicit links to digital learning. The chapter concludes by providing open questions and directions for future research, including further emphasis and exploration needed on the role of social engagement in ODDE contexts, as well as disengagement as a separate construct.
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Bond, Melissa, and Nina Bergdahl. "Student Engagement in Open, Distance, and Digital Education." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1309–24. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_79.
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AbstractEngaging students in their learning, and within their learning community, is a key goal of educators. However, ongoing discussions about its nature, conceptualization, and measurement have led to a diffusion of the concept’s understanding, and ability to apply it within both research and practice. This chapter draws on theoretical and empirical primary and secondary ODDE research, and provides an overview of student engagement and disengagement, particularly as they relate to educational technology. The four dimensions of behavioral, affective/emotional, cognitive, and social (dis-)engagement are presented, alongside example indicators. In addition, a bioecological model of student engagement is explored with explicit links to digital learning. The chapter concludes by providing open questions and directions for future research, including further emphasis and exploration needed on the role of social engagement in ODDE contexts, as well as disengagement as a separate construct.
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Siffels, Lotje, David van den Berg, Mirko Tobias Schäfer, and Iris Muis. "Public Values and Technological Change: Mapping how Municipalities Grapple with Data Ethics." In Transforming Communications – Studies in Cross-Media Research, 243–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96180-0_11.
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AbstractLocal governments in the Netherlands are increasingly undertaking data projects for public management. While the emergence of data practices and the application of algorithms for decision making in public management have led to a growing critical commentary, little actual empirical research has been conducted. Over the past few years, we have developed a research method that enables researchers to enter organisations not merely as researchers but also as experts on data ethics. Through participatory and ethnographic observation, the DEDA (Data Ethics Decision Aid) gives us special insight into ethics in local government. Where most research has focused on the theoretical aspects of data ethics, our approach offers a new perspective on data practices, by looking at how data ethics is done in public management. Our research provides insight into the state of data awareness within organisations that are mostly portrayed—within critical data studies—as homogeneous and monolithic entities. The distinct method developed at Utrecht Data School allows researchers to immerse themselves within organisations and closely observe data practices, discourses on ethics, and how organisations address challenges that arise as a consequence of datafication. For the purpose of this chapter, we analyse our field work with the DEDA through the lens of Mark Moore’s Strategic Triangle of Public Value. We show how our field work can give insight into how the three angles of the strategic triangle are shaped in practice. From this analysis we draw three conclusions. First, that ethical awareness of data projects is often low because data literacy among civil servants is limited. Second, that by not recognising the choices civil servants have to make as ethical or political choices, they can make decisions that go beyond their mandate. Third, that there is a dangerous tendency where ethical deliberation is sometimes seen as an obnoxious bureaucratic box ticking exercise, instead of being considered as a vital part of the design and build-up of a data project.
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Ruiz Cayuela, Sergio, and Marco Armiero. "Cooking Commoning Subjectivities: Guerrilla Narrative in the Cooperation Birmingham Solidarity Kitchen." In Co-Creativity and Engaged Scholarship, 75–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84248-2_3.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we explore the recently developed concept of guerrilla narrative as a tool that offers great potential for militant research. “Guerrilla narrative” emerged from the politicization of the oral history tradition; it was developed by Marco Armiero as a research tool to explore histories of contamination and resistance in subaltern communities. In this chapter, we broaden the scope of guerrilla narrative and explore its role in the reclamation/invention of the urban commons. Particularly, we look closely at the tools that contribute to the creation of commoning subjectivities. We focus on the mutual aid relief operations led by the grassroots organization Cooperation Birmingham during the COVID-19 pandemic, analysing both their solidarity kitchen and newsletter. We argue that both are manifestations of guerrilla narrative in the sense that both produce counter-hegemonic narratives while fostering commoning practices. This means that guerrilla narrative goes beyond the wording, textual or even artistic paradigms to incorporate more embodied forms of storytelling, such as the practice or running a solidarity kitchen or other forms of material commoning practices.
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Biggs, Simon. "Chapter 3 New Media: The ‘First Word’ in Art?" In Practice-led Research, Research-led Practice in the Creative Arts, 66–83. Edinburgh University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780748636303-004.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Practice-led art research"
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Mortensen Steagall, Marcos, and Sergio Nesteriuk Gallo. "LINK 2021 3rd International Conference on Practice-led research in Art and Design: Forward." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.174.
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The LINK conference emerged from reflections and concerns that we always had about our own actions as educators, researchers, and practitioners in the field of Art and Design. Over the years, we have noticed that such concerns have not disappeared. On the contrary: they have multiplied, diversified, and become more complex. The more we dialogued with people worldwide, especially from the socalled “Global South”, the more we realised that these same issues were also dear to our colleagues, albeit with their own colours and contours. This is the LINK that unites us. The first step was taken as a small in-person event for guests, held in 2019 at the AUT’s South Campus in Manukau. At that time, there was no intention of organising an annual conference. The magnitude of the issues raised seemed to have a particular inhibiting effect on the incompleteness of the conference itself, considering the potential for the rich and fruitful exchange of ideas. Despite, or perhaps precisely because of the difficulties and adversities, this new scenario compelled us to move forward. The second edition of LINK, carried out in a hybrid way in 2020, expanded the quantity, diversity and quality of the works presented. Emerging themes, new epistemologies, and the multiple relationships between theory and practice (if such a distinction can be made) have consolidated as a sort of amalgam of LINK’s main issues. It covers, in a transversal and interdisciplinary way, arguably the entire field of Arts and Design. These discussions expanded beyond the event, and a special issue with 13 articles was published in the DAT Journal in 2021. At this moment, our doubts and uncertainties gave way to the commitment to promote a better event in each new edition. Furthermore, this commitment is only possible thanks to a team that is both dedicated and passionate about this purpose that unites us. Later that year, the Covid-19 pandemic began to spread across the world. In a short time, uncertainty gave way to millions of people’s anguish, suffering, and pain. At the same time, many ideas, beliefs, and values are starting to be reconsidered, bringing new challenges for a new era. Science, the construction of knowledge, and the University itself have a paradigmatic role in this moment of transformation and the search for the construction of a better world. Research changes the world. LINK’s community is constated by researchers to leverage parameters to activate different ways in which practice can create knowledge. They are based on cultural, geographic, and ideological positions shaped by the communitarian and the glocal. Thus, in offering these practice-oriented research considerations, we propose that we can learn “from” rather than “about”. This feeling emanates from recognising that the peculiar stories that generate social and artistic practices form dialogic encounters with voices on the periphery of authority and loop an iterative process to generate their own theoretical foundations.
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Mortensen Steagall, Marcos, and Sergio Nesteriuk Gallo. "LINK 2022 4th Conference in Creative Practice, Research and Global South." In LINK 2022. Tuwhera Open Access, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2022.v3i1.191.
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It is increasingly overwhelming that our societies are living in disintegrating environments and need for more sustainable design approaches and wiser ways of living and being. Anthropogenic design impact in corporate spheres is causing socio-ecological destruction that threatens the underpinnings of civilisation and bio-diverse nature. Hence, economies and life worlds are facing the limitations of narratives of progress and creeds of growth with their designs and actions that are inapposite to the flourishing of life on our planet. In this context that the LINK Conference has emerged. LINK is a research group created from reflections we always had about our actions as educators, researchers, and practitioners in the field of Art and Design. Over the last few years, we have noticed that such concerns have remained while they have multiplied, diversified, and become more complex. The more we dialogued with people worldwide, especially from the so-called “Global South”, the more we realised that these same issues were also dear to our colleagues, albeit with their colours and contours. The intensification of globalisation and commodities fostered by markets and technology has led today’s critical theorists to advocate for new kinds of engagement between Art, Design and the world. Not coincidentally, the last decades saw significant contributions to Art and Design Research in the Global South and Indigenous contexts, where inquiry is situated within an intelligent and intelligible world of natural systems, replete with relational patterns for being in the world. Indigenising methodologies centre the production of knowledge around Art and Design processes and pieces of epistemologies derived from Indigenous Cultures. The relationships between researchers, practitioners and practice are being challenged and redefined, empowering Indigenous peoples to collect, analyse, interpret, and control research data instead of simply participating in projects as subjects. These shifting orientations and approaches respond for the decolonisation of research in higher education institutions and research methodologies employed by academics. Art and Design can help to transform obsolete social and economic practices into novel forms of life or living a meaningful life, thus replacing anthropo-centric Design for more pluriversal and transformational approaches beyond apocalyptical visions and dystopia. LINK Conference focuses on ways of knowing that inform research and methods involving Art and Design Research in the Global South and Indigenous contexts . LINK 2022 will challenge emerging themes, new epistemologies, and the multiple relationships between theory and practice (if such a distinction can be made). This recipe has consolidated as a sort of amalgam of LINK Conference. In its 4th edition, LINK 2022 celebrates the relationship between practice-led Art and Design research, Global South and Indigenous world views, fostering cognitive shifts to address twenty-first-century issues and the creation of inclusive communities that emphasise the interconnectedness (physical, social, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual) between people and landscapes. We hope you enjoy the reading.
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Power, Nigel. "You Can’t Get There from Here: Discovering Where to Begin a Practice-led Inquiry – Notes and Reflections from Thailand." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.79.
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In Thailand, it is common for art and design students to select a research topic prior to beginning their Masters studies. On the basis of this choice, students are – if accepted – then expected to research, produce and defend a substantial body of creative work about their topic. Underlying this approach is an assumption that topic selection is a relatively unproblematic moment in the development of a creative project. In this study I argue that the opposite is the case and that investing time, energy and resources in helping students to discover a relevant, meaningful and original topic – rather than conjure one from thin air or fall back on habitual approaches to creative practice – lays the foundations for relevance, meaning and originality in the project itself. This is, I believe, true of all summative postgraduate projects in art and design but is particularly so in practice-led inquiries where greater weight is necessarily given to producing insight into the complex and often troubled relations between creative practice and knowledge production. Our MfA in Visual Communication addresses this issue through a one semester period of intensive intellectual and practical labour that precedes topic selection. At the heart of this is a series of studio exercises that set up and structure critical and material encounters between research and practice. We begin with critical reflection on the things that matter to the student within and beyond their practice – their ‘concerns’. Drafting and crafting concerns is, surprisingly for many, a difficult and sometimes troubling task. Yet when done well it produces a delicate linguistic and conceptual tissue that connects the personal, the social and the professional and, in so doing, establishes a field of ideas within which points of departure for meaningful practice-led inquiry might begin to disclose themselves. With a small set of working concerns in hand, we invite students to develop two cross-fertilizing lines of inquiry. Transforming concerns into questions, invites discussion of a variety of forms and means of answer seeking and through this consideration of different epistemological and methodological traditions or ways of knowing. Likewise, asking ‘who else seeks answers to these questions’, invites the identification of theorists and practitioners who might figure in the conceptual apparatus that will frame inquiry. Above all, responding to concerns and questions through experimental creative production, invites students to confront the implications of reimagining their creative practices as forms of inquiry and, in particular to engage directly with a problematique at the heart of practice-led approaches to research: that is, the relative epistemological status of linguistic (propositional) and material (affective-aesthetic) operations – the relations between words and works. These activities serve to nurture meaningful research topics and directions of inquiry that are grounded in engagement with fundamental ideas and processes central to practice-led and practice-based research. I illustrate this approach by discussing two student responses to and reflections on working towards a starting point in this way.
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Chooi, Don. "Bear Bodies in Motion: A creative approach in telling a story of bigger, gay male bodies of colour through artistic means as practice-led research." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.80.
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In 2020, I created a body of work that paid attention to the concerns of body image representation of the gay male. The work was shown in a local exhibition in Auckland, called ‘Bear Bodies in Motion’, and it aimed as a critique on the anxieties of body image, especially in the gay bear subculture where there are considerable levels of stigma and shaming of bigger male bodies – made more profound towards bodies of colour. In an attempt at subversion, the creative work, portrayed the bigger body as energetic and aesthetically potent. It combined photography with digital painting and the result was an expression of body acceptance and authorship. Thematically, the image of the gay bear builds on a rich history of homo-oriented art. It plays on the tapestry of the gay identity which determines how it is being represented, negotiated and remixed continually in the gay mainstream. Discourse emanating from gay communities of colour, speaks of attempts to remove colonised attitudes, and in reimagining their heritage and sexual identities authentically. This artistic body of work sought to add to the dialogue that surrounds issues of race, queerness and ‘otherness’. The subsequent conversations which followed the exhibition, unpacked concerns of cultural identity, masculinity and belonging – in which seem to be heavily burdened by western-influenced and racialised notions of performativity. Through research, and taking in the ephemera that surrounds the discourse of the colonised body image, I begun to create work that seeks to further add to the discourse. This heavily illustrated paper reflects on the creative process in the art making of ‘Bear Bodies in Motion’. The methodology underpinning this artistic body of work is ‘reflection-in-action’, and it draws inspiration from research in the ‘lived experience’. Additionally it also consider its move from traditional mediums to the consideration of technology as a platform for storytelling, from the print medium to digital spaces – in this instance, the inclusion of Augmented Reality (AR). With this extension, AR provides the viewer the opportunity to take a more active role in reading the text. The experience moves the work into a more participatory space, where the narrative becomes more palpable and appreciated. The making journey is outlined from conceptual stage to the finalised artistic work from my personal lens who is both artist-maker and design practitioner. This paper also discusses the challenges and conflicts in creating a body of work of this nature. Especially of concern is its need for sensitivity in the representation of non-euro cultures – with greater emphasis given to the consideration for its homosexual themes, and to the identities of my participants as they were from the community itself. This paper also includes my reflections and personal insights in how this approach to a practice-led research has contributed to my own learning and teaching approach. Being an educator myself, this process has given me greater empathy and understanding in the student journey within today’s higher education environment.
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Jian, Sun. "RESEARCH-LED DESIGN PRACTICE: A NEW APPROACH OF RESEARCH THROUGH DESIGN." In 2nd Arts & Humanities Conference, Florence. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/ahc.2017.002.003.
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Wilson, Jani. "Rōpū Whānau: A whakawhiti kōrero research methodology." In LINK 2022. Tuwhera Open Access, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2022.v3i1.181.
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Kapahaka is not simply the song and dance of Aotearoa’s Indigenous people. Deeply steeped in mātauranga Māori, kapahaka is a way of simultaneously exemplifying Māori histories, the present, and the future; meanwhile it is a community-focused cultural practice, methodology, and pedagogy. Contemporary kapahaka – both competitive and for entertainment – fosters, develops, validates, and celebrates the Māori world, the language, and our ‘ways’: arguably the fundamental building blocks of Māori ‘popular culture’. The research project Kia Rite! Kapahaka for Screens, from which this presentation is a tiny proportion, will focus on the influence and impact of screen production on the art’s ebbs and flows, and the conflicts between maintaining ‘traditions’ and exploring innovation in and towards the future. Over the last century, the kapahaka art-form has evolved exponentially, and as the wider project will explore, in large part as a response to the advancement of screen technologies. An important strand in Kia Rite! will investigate the kapahaka audience. It employs a refined iteration of Rōpū Whānau, a focus group methodology where closely linked relations will be asked to respond to archival through to contemporary kapahaka footage as a generational screen audience study. Exploring responses to screened kapahaka in this way revisits a whakawhiti kōrero-based audience study method designed to reflect and embody the fundamental whakataukī ‘he aha te kai o ngā rangatira? He kōrero’ (what is the food of chiefs? It is talk.) Rōpū Whānau was developed to move beyond the ‘safety in numbers’ focus group methodology to more of a ‘safety within the whānau’ format. By inviting participants from the same family, a duty to protect the under 18s and inherently control researcher behaviours provides an extra layer of a kind of ‘Māori ethics’. This critical presentation brings forward the fundamental elements of Rōpū Whānau and unpacks how it has been used in various research projects in the past. This is to plot the way forward for Indigenous community-led research methodologies, and encourages the consideration of Indigenous research approaches.
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Minguzzi, Magda, Yolanda Hernandez Navarro, and Lucy Vosloo. "Traditional dwellings and techniques of the First Indigenous Peoples of South Africa in the Eastern Cape." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15019.
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Vernacular indigenous dwellings of the Khoikhoi Peoples (First Indigenous Peoples of South Africa[1]) present in the Baviaans Kloof area in the Eastern Cape (South Africa) have been surveyed and are currently under study by the authors with the direct involvement of the community members. This research is of particular relevance because: it is conducted in a geographical area that is currently under-researched in respect to this particular theme; the dwellings are an exceptionally rare example of the use of Khoikhoi traditional techniques and materials; it was achieved with the direct engagement of the Indigenous community. The research collaboration applies a transdisciplinary approach and method – already in place with the NRF-CEP research by Dr Minguzzi – that employs a multi-layered methodology: practice-led research, community engagement/ community cultural development, influenced by narrative inquiry. In the age of globalization, it becomes necessary to study the origin and development of those buildings to understand their constructive process, the use of specific local materials as well as the consequences that the introduction of unsustainable colonial materials caused. This is an aspect that could be relevant for future reflection on how to preserve and promote the Indigenous cultural, social inclusion and sustainable built environment. The paper will define the state of the art and morphological, functional and technical analysis of contemporary Khoikhoi dwellings to identify the tangible and intangible cultural heritage and the influences of colonization on it. [1] The First Indigenous Peoples of South Africa are the San (hunter-gatherer) and Khoikhoi (herders). Two groups which, in precolonial times had overlapping subsistence patterns and use of the territory, and which, from the colonist arrival until the present, have been fighting for the recognition of their identity and heritage. In this regard see: Besten M. “We are the original inhabitant of this land: Khoe-San identity in post-apartheid South Africa”, in Adhaikari M. (2013), Burdened by Race: Coloured identities in southern Africa, UCT press, Cape Town.
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Ings, Welby. "Beyond the Ivory Tower: Practice-led inquiry and post-disciplinary research." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.171.
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This address considers relationships between professional and postdisciplinary practices as they relate to practice-led design research. When viewed through territorial lenses, the artefacts and systems that many designers in universities develop can be argued as hybrids because they draw into their composition and contexts, diverse disciplinary fields. Procedurally, the address moves outwards from a discussion of the manner in which disciplinary designations, that originated in the secularisation of German universities during the beginning of the nineteenth century, became the template for how much knowledge is currently processed inside the academy. The paper then examines how these demarcations of thought, that included non-classical languages and literatures, social and natural sciences and technology, were disrupted in the 1970s and 1980s, by identity-based disciplines that grew inside universities. These included women’s, lesbian and gay, and ethnic studies. However, of equal importance during this period was the arrival of professional disciplines like design, journalism, nursing, business management, and hospitality. Significantly, many of these professions brought with them values and processes associated with user-centred research. Shaped by the need to respond quickly and effectively to opportunity, practitioners were accustomed to drawing on and integrating knowledge unfettered by disciplinary or professional demarcation. For instance, if a design studio required the input of a government policymaker, a patent attorney and an engineer, it was accustomed to working flexibly with diverse realms of knowledge in the pursuit of an effective outcome. In addition, these professions also employed diverse forms of practice-led inquiry. Based on high levels of situated experimentation, active reflection, and applied professional knowing, these approaches challenged many research and disciplinary conventions within the academy. Although practice-led inquiry, argued as a form of postdisciplinarity practice, is a relatively new concept (Ings, 2019), it may be associated with Wright, Embrick and Henke’s (2015, p. 271) observation that “post-disciplinary studies emerge when scholars forget about disciplines and whether ideas can be identified with any particular one: they identify with learning rather than with disciplines”. Darbellay takes this further. He sees postdisciplinarity as an essential rethinking of the concept of a discipline. He suggests that when scholars position themselves outside of the idea of disciplines, they are able to “construct a new cognitive space, in which it is no longer merely a question of opening up disciplinary borders through degrees of interaction/integration, but of fundamentally challenging the obvious fact of disciplinarity” (2016, p. 367). These authors argue that, postdisciplinarity proposes a profound rethinking of not only knowledge, but also the structures that surround and support it in universities. In the field of design, such approaches are not unfamiliar. To illustrate how practice-led research in design may operate as a postdisciplinary inquiry, this paper employs a case study of the short film Sparrow (2017). In so doing, it unpacks the way in which knowledge from within and beyond conventionally demarcated disciplinary fields, was gathered, interpreted and creatively synthesised. Here, unconstrained by disciplinary demarcations, a designed artefact surfaced through a research fusion that integrated history, medicine, software development, public policy, poetry, typography, illustration, and film production.
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Tiku, Sanjay, Nick Pussegoda, Morvarid Ghovanlou, W. R. Tyson, and Aaron Dinovitzer. "Standardization of SENT (or SE(T)) Fracture Toughness Measurement: Results of a Round Robin on a Draft Test Procedure." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64497.
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Fracture toughness of steels is conventionally measured using bend specimens and provides a conservative estimate of toughness when the actual loading is in tension. There has been widespread interest in characterizing the toughness that occurs with reduced constraint to better reflect constraint conditions typical of a relatively shallow girth weld flaw. There is currently a standardized approach to measure fracture toughness in tension loaded specimens, however, it requires testing of multiple specimens to generate a resistance curve. Recent developments in fracture toughness testing and analysis of tension loaded specimens have led to publications by CANMET and Exxon Mobil Upstream Research Company toward development of a single-specimen procedure. As part of an initiative to enhance the state of the art in strain based design and assessment methods, with the intent of providing support for the standardization of appropriate weld testing methods, BMT under a Pipeline research Council International (PRCI) project has combined the two single-specimen approaches and developed a recommended practice for fracture toughness testing using single-edge-notched tension SENT (or SE(T)) samples with fixed grip loading. The procedure has been assessed by means of a round robin test program involving laboratories from around the world. Girth welds were fabricated and base metal, heat affected zone and weld center line specimens were prepared and sent to round robin participants. For the round robin program all the participants used a double clip gauge arrangement for direct CTOD measurement and electric potential drop measurement or unloading compliance method for crack growth measurement. In this paper, the results of the round robin test program including comparison of J and CTOD resistance curves will be presented and discussed.
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Faumuina, Cecelia. "'Asi - The presence of the unseen." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.110.
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This paper considers an indigenous, methodological framework developed for my doctoral thesis, ‘Asi: The Presence of the Unseen. Defined as ‘Ngatu’ the framework employs the heliaki (metaphor) of women’s collective crafting of indigenous fabric, to structure an artistic research project. Ngatu is cloth made from the bark of the paper mulberry tree. Used for floor mats, bedding, clothing and room dividers it is also often given as a gift at weddings, funerals and formal presentations. Ngatu is considered one of Oceania’s distinctive art forms and processes. Within the study, the position of the researcher is both a creator of artistic work and a reflector on the experience and practices of other collaborators. The Ngatu framework enables a practice-led inquiry that is underpinned by indigenous principles: uouongataha (the pursuit of harmony), mālie/māfana (warmth and beauty) and anga fakatōkilalo (being open to learning). Guided by these values, the methodology employs five distinct phases: TŌ (gestation) TĀ (harvesting knowledge) NGAOHI / TUTU (preparing and expanding ideas) HOKO/KOKA’ANGA (harmonious composition), and FOAKI (presentation). The Ngatu methodology may be seen in the light of a significant discussion in 2019, where a gathering of Oceanic scholars considered a proliferation of Indigenous models of inquiry that had been developed by Pacific researchers outside of conventional Western research paradigms. Although much of the discussion focused on research emanating from Health and the Social Sciences, the use of heliaki to describe methodological approaches to artistic inquiry also has a discernible history in doctoral theses in Aotearoa/New Zealand (Pouwhare, 2020; Toluta’u, 2015; Tupou, 2018; Vea, 2015). The Ngatu methodological framework was applied to the question, “What occurs when young Oceanic people work together artistically in a group, drawing on values from their cultural heritage to create meaningful faiva (artistic performances)?” In posing this question, the thesis sought to understand how, ‘asi (the spirit of the unseen), might operate as an empowering agency for endeavour and belonging. As such, the study proposed that ‘asi which is conventionally identified at the peak of artistic performance, might be also discernible before and after such an event, and resource the energy of artistic practice as a whole. The Ngatu methodology was applied to two bodies of work. The first was a co-created project called Lila. This was developed by a team of secondary school students who produced a contemporary faiva for presentation in 2019. This case study was used in conjunction with interviews from contemporary Oceanic youth leaders, reflecting on the nature and agency of ‘asi, as it appears in their artistic workshops with young people. The second work was a performance called FAIVA | FAI VĀ. This was the researcher’s artistic response to the witnessed nature of ‘asi. The performance integrated spoken word poetry, sound, illustration and video design.
Reports on the topic "Practice-led art research"
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Anderson, Colin, John Gaventa, Jenny Edwards, Anuradha Joshi, Niranjan Nampoothiri, and Emilie Wilson. Against the Odds: Action for Empowerment and Accountability in Challenging Contexts. Institute of Development Studies, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/a4ea.2022.001.
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How and under what conditions does citizen-led social and political action contribute to empowerment and accountability? What are the strategies used, and with what outcomes, especially in settings which are democratically weak, politically fragile and affected by legacies of violence and conflict? The A4EA programme has explored these questions in Mozambique, Myanmar, Nigeria and Pakistan over five years between 2016-2021. This paper presents the key findings and policy and practice implications from this research across the themes of space for citizen action; citizen-governance relations; women’s political participation and collective action; citizen-led strategies for empowerment and accountability; and enabling citizen action. It also shares important lessons drawn from A4EA experience on conducting and communicating research in complex political contexts like these, and for research consortia. Whilst the research conclusions are drawn from A4EA’s four focus countries, in an increasingly fragile and authoritarian world, the findings are becoming pertinent for more and more contexts across the globe.
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Clark, Louise, Jo Carpenter, and Joe Taylor. Learning From Responsiveness to a Rapidly Evolving Context: IDRC’s Covid-19 Responses for Equity Programme. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2022.004.
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This report summarises key institutional lessons that emerged from a Learning Journey commissioned by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) for its Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) programme. Learning Journeys are a research method developed by the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) to support collaborative scoping processes and provide participants with structured spaces to learn, discuss issues, and to reflect on their day-to-day work and how to apply learning. CORE was designed as a rapid response mechanism to address the sudden global shifts caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The initiative supports 21 research projects with Southern partners across 42 countries. It seeks to understand the socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic, improve existing responses, and generate better policy options for recovery. The CORE Learning Journey was managed by the ‘Knowledge Translation’ (KT) supplier for CORE, the UK-based IDS. It brought together grantees, IDRC senior management, Regional Directors (RD), Program Officers (PO), and IDS staff, to share experiences and reflect on the successes and challenges of the CORE programme. It was framed around a central learning question: What are the key lessons to emerge from the IDRC experience of funding CORE as a responsive mechanism to provide innovative Southern-led policy and practice solutions in the context of a rapid onset and rapidly evolving global crisis?
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Rao, Nitya, Sheetal Patil, Maitreyi Koduganti, Chandni Singh, Ashwin Mahalingam, Prathijna Poonacha, and Nishant Singh. Sowing Sustainable Cities: Lessons for Urban Agriculture Practices in India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ssc12.2022.
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Despite growing interest and recognition of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as a nature- based solution, there is limited empirical evidence in countries like India on its role in reconfiguring goals on environmental functions (such as biodiversity, waste management, water recycling, micro-climate regulation, etc.) and social wellbeing (such as food and nutrition security, gender relations, work burdens, land tenure and community ties). A need to address this gap led to the ideation of the project ‘Urban and peri-urban agriculture as green infrastructures’ ( UPAGrI ). When UPAGrI started in 2019, the research on UPA in India was thin but growing. However, the practical experience of urban farming across Indian cities is thriving and diverse, built on decades of bottom-up experimentation. Within the landscape of our ever-changing cities, we found vibrant communities-of-practice sharing seeds and knowledge, engaged online influencers discussing composting and water reuse, and stories of farming becoming sites of multi-generational bonding and nutritional security. This compendium is a collection of 29 such innovative UPA practices from across the different cities in the country. These diverse case studies are loosely categorized into four themes: environment and sustainability; food, nutrition and livelihood; gender and subjective well-being; and urban policy and planning. Written mostly by practitioners themselves, the case studies collectively recognise and celebrate UPA innovations and practices, serving as a repository of lessons for peer-to-peer learning, and demonstrating how UPA can be one of the many solutions towards sustainable, liveable Indian cities.
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Rao, Nitya. Sowing Sustainable Cities: Lessons for Urban Agriculture Practices in India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ssc12.2023.
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Despite growing interest and recognition of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as a nature- based solution, there is limited empirical evidence in countries like India on its role in reconfiguring goals on environmental functions (such as biodiversity, waste management, water recycling, micro-climate regulation, etc.) and social wellbeing (such as food and nutrition security, gender relations, work burdens, land tenure and community ties). A need to address this gap led to the ideation of the project ‘Urban and peri-urban agriculture as green infrastructures’ ( UPAGrI ). When UPAGrI started in 2019, the research on UPA in India was thin but growing. However, the practical experience of urban farming across Indian cities is thriving and diverse, built on decades of bottom-up experimentation. Within the landscape of our ever-changing cities, we found vibrant communities-of-practice sharing seeds and knowledge, engaged online influencers discussing composting and water reuse, and stories of farming becoming sites of multi-generational bonding and nutritional security. This compendium is a collection of 29 such innovative UPA practices from across the different cities in the country. These diverse case studies are loosely categorized into four themes: environment and sustainability; food, nutrition and livelihood; gender and subjective well-being; and urban policy and planning. Written mostly by practitioners themselves, the case studies collectively recognise and celebrate UPA innovations and practices, serving as a repository of lessons for peer-to-peer learning, and demonstrating how UPA can be one of the many solutions towards sustainable, liveable Indian cities.
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Haynes, Dr Edward, Chris Conyers, Dr Marc Kennedy, Roy Macarthur, Sam McGreig, and Dr John Walshaw. What is the Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Selected Ready-to-Eat Foods? Food Standards Agency, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bsv485.
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This study was designed to get a broad estimate of the presence and the types of antimicrobial resistance genes across 52 simple ready-to-eat foods. It was also carried out to understand the benefits and drawbacks of using metagenomic sequencing, a fairly new technology, to study AMR genes. An antimicrobial is any substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. It includes antibiotics which are used to treat bacterial infections in both humans and animals. Given the relevant selective pressures, the bacteria itself can change and find ways to survive the effects of an antimicrobials. This results in the bacteria becoming resistant to the ‘killing’ effects of antimicrobials and is known as ‘antimicrobial resistance’. The more we use antimicrobials and antibiotics and the way that we use them can increase the chance that bacteria will become resistant to antimicrobials. This is important as it can lead to infections that become more difficult to treat with drugs and poses a risk to the public health. T Addressing AMR is a national strategic priority for the UK Government which has led to the development of a new 20-year Vision for AMR and the 5-year National Action Plan (NAP), which runs until 2024. The NAP lays out how the UK will address the AMR challenge and takes a ‘One-Health’ approach which spans people, animals, agriculture, food and the environment. The NAP includes a specific section on the importance of better food safety to limit the contamination of foods and spread of AMR. This section emphasises the need to strengthen the evidence base for AMR and food safety through research, surveillance and promoting good practice across the food chain. The FSA is playing its part by continuing to fill evidence gaps on the role that food plays in AMR through the commissioning of research and surveillance. We are also promoting and improving UK food hygiene (‘4Cs’ messages) across the food chain that will help reduce exposure to AMR bacteria.
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Tadmor, Yaakov, Zachary Lippman, David Jackson, and Dani Zamir. three crops test for the ODO breeding method. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594397.bard.
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Hybrid vigor is the leading concept that rules crops breeding for almost a century. Yet, the exact mechanism that underlies heterosis is not clear. Over dominance interaction between alleles is one of the possible explanations. Our preliminary results indicated that severe developmental mutations at the heterozygous state have significant potential to improve plant performance. This led us to propose the ‘ODO breeding method’ that is based replacing a parental line of a successful hybrid with its mutated from to improve hybrid performance. Our BARD research challenged this method in three crop systems: maize, tomato and melon. In maize we could not detect any effect of mutant heterozigosity on yield or yield components when hybrids were tested however when we analyzed the effect of heterozigosity in mutant genes at B73 genetic background we could detect ODO in yield components using certain mutants. Our results indicate that the potential of utilizing the ODO Breeding Method for maize remains unclear. In tomato we overcame technical problems we faced in creating an EMS mutation library in indeterminate glasshouse tomatoes and now we have in our hands advanced material to study the putative ODO hybrids. We transferred some of the promising ODO mutations from M82 to indeterminate glasshouse tomatoes and putative ODO hybrids are ready to be evaluated this winter. In addition, we tested the effect of In melon we compared putative ‘ODO hybrids’ with their isogenic hybrids lacking the mutant allele and our results indicated a potential for the ODO breeding method to improve yield, fruit number per plant, and carotenoids content. Additional experiments are required to estimate better the expected success percentage of the ODO breeding method in melon so that it will become a recommended practice for improving hybrid performance. Based on our results we can't yet recommend the 'ODO breeding method' as a general tool to improve hybrid performance and more efforts are necessary to evaluate the percent of success of this method. The increased carotenoid content we found in association with CRTISO heterozygosity is promising and additional experiments are currently being performed to characterize this finding.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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VanderGheynst, Jean, Michael Raviv, Jim Stapleton, and Dror Minz. Effect of Combined Solarization and in Solum Compost Decomposition on Soil Health. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594388.bard.
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In soil solarization, moist soil is covered with a transparent plastic film, resulting in passive solar heating which inactivates soil-borne pathogen/weed propagules. Although solarization is an effective alternative to soil fumigation and chemical pesticide application, it is not widely used due to its long duration, which coincides with the growing season of some crops, thereby causing a loss of income. The basis of this project was that solarization of amended soil would be utilized more widely if growers could adopt the practice without losing production. In this research we examined three factors expected to contribute to greater utilization of solarization: 1) investigation of techniques that increase soil temperature, thereby reducing the time required for solarization; 2) development and validation of predictive soil heating models to enable informed decisions regarding soil and solarization management that accommodate the crop production cycle, and 3) elucidation of the contributions of microbial activity and microbial community structure to soil heating during solarization. Laboratory studies and a field trial were performed to determine heat generation in soil amended with compost during solarization. Respiration was measured in amended soil samples prior to and following solarization as a function of soil depth. Additionally, phytotoxicity was estimated through measurement of germination and early growth of lettuce seedlings in greenhouse assays, and samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Amendment of soil with 10% (g/g) compost containing 16.9 mg CO2/g dry weight organic carbon resulted in soil temperatures that were 2oC to 4oC higher than soil alone. Approximately 85% of total organic carbon within the amended soil was exhausted during 22 days of solarization. There was no significant difference in residual respiration with soil depth down to 17.4 cm. Although freshly amended soil proved highly inhibitory to lettuce seed germination and seedling growth, phytotoxicity was not detected in solarized amended soil after 22 days of field solarization. The sequencing data obtained from field samples revealed similar microbial species richness and evenness in both solarized amended and non-amended soil. However, amendment led to enrichment of a community different from that of non-amended soil after solarization. Moreover, community structure varied by soil depth in solarized soil. Coupled with temperature data from soil during solarization, community data highlighted how thermal gradients in soil influence community structure and indicated microorganisms that may contribute to increased soil heating during solarization. Reliable predictive tools are necessary to characterize the solarization process and to minimize the opportunity cost incurred by farmers due to growing season abbreviation, however, current models do not accurately predict temperatures for soils with internal heat generation associated with the microbial breakdown of the soil amendment. To address the need for a more robust model, a first-order source term was developed to model the internal heat source during amended soil solarization. This source term was then incorporated into an existing “soil only” model and validated against data collected from amended soil field trials. The expanded model outperformed both the existing stable-soil model and a constant source term model, predicting daily peak temperatures to within 0.1°C during the critical first week of solarization. Overall the results suggest that amendment of soil with compost prior to solarization may be of value in agricultural soil disinfestations operations, however additional work is needed to determine the effects of soil type and organic matter source on efficacy. Furthermore, models can be developed to predict soil temperature during solarization, however, additional work is needed to couple heat transfer models with pathogen and weed inactivation models to better estimate solarization duration necessary for disinfestation.
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Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter Kaufman, Shimon Meir, and Abraham Halevy. Signal Transduction Pathway of Hormonal Action in Control and Regulation of the Gravitropic Response of Cut Flowering Stems during Storage and Transport. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695838.bard.
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Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to increase our understanding of the cellular mechanisms operating during the gravitropic response of cut flowers, for solving their bending problem without affecting flower quality. Thus, several elements operating at the 3 levels o the gravity-induced signal transduction pathway, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon stems according to the following research goals: 1) Signaling: characterize the signal transduction pathway leading to the gravitropic response, regarding the involvement of [Ca2+]cyt as a mediator of IAA movement and sensitivity to auxin. 2) Transduction by plant hormones: a) Examine the involvement of auxin in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to: possible participation of auxin binding protein (ABP), auxin redistribution, auxin mechanism of action (activation of H+-ATPase) mediation by changes in [Ca2+]cyt and possible regulation of auxin-induced Ca2+ action b: calmodulin-activated or Ca2+-activated protein kinases (PK). b) Examine the involvement of ethylene in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to auxin-induced ethylene production and sensitivity of the tissue to ethylene. 3) Response: examine the effect of gravistimulation on invertase (associated with growth and elongation) activity and invertase gene expression. 4) Commercial practice: develop practical and simple treatments to prevent bending of cut flowers grown for export. Revisions: 1) Model systems: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), 3 other model shoe systems, consisting of oat (Avena sativa) pulvini, Ornithogalun 'Nova' cut flowers and Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence, were targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for shoot gravitropism. 2 Research topics: the involvement of ABP, auxin action, PK and invertase in the gravitropic response of snapdragon stems could not be demonstrated. Alternatively, the involvement in the gravity signaling cascade of several other physiological mediators apart of [Ca2+]cyt such as: IP3, protein phosphorylation and actin cytoskeleton, was shown. Additional topics introduced: starch statolith reorientation, differential expression of early auxin responsive genes, and differential shoot growth. Background to the topic: The gravitropic bending response of flowering shoots occurring upon their horizontal placement during shipment exhibits a major horticultural problem. In spite of extensive studies in various aboveground organs, the gravitropic response was hardly investigated in flowering shoots. Being a complex multistep process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel, analysis of the negative gravitropic response of shoot includes investigation of signal transduction elements and various regulatory physiological mediators. Major achievements: 1) A correlative role for starch statoliths as gravireceptors in flowering shoot was initially established. 2) Differentially phosphorylated proteins and IP3 levels across the oat shoe pulvini, as well as a differential appearance of 2 early auxin-responsive genes in snapdragon stems were all detected within 5-30 minutes following gravistimulation. 3) Unlike in roots, involvement of actin cytoskeleton in early events of the gravitropic response of snapdragon shoots was established. 4) An asymmetric IAA distribution, followed by an asymmetric ethylene production across snapdragon stems was found following gravistimulation. 5) The gravity-induced differential growth in shoots of snapdragon was derived from initial shrinkage of the upper stem side and a subsequent elongation o the lower stem side. 6) Shoot bending could be successfully inhibited by Ca2+ antagonists (that serve as a basis for practical treatments), kinase and phosphatase inhibitors and actin-cytoskeleton modulators. All these agents did not affect vertical growth. The essential characterization of these key events and their sequence led us to the conclusion that blocking gravity perception may be the most powerful means to inhibit bending without hampering shoot and flower growth after harvest. Implications, scientific and agriculture: The innovative results of this project have provided some new insight in the basic understanding of gravitropism in flower stalks, that partially filled the gap in our knowledge, and established useful means for its control. Additionally, our analysis has advanced the understanding of important and fundamental physiological processes involved, thereby leading to new ideas for agriculture. Gravitropism has an important impact on agriculture, particularly for controlling the bending of various important agricultural products with economic value. So far, no safe control of the undesired bending problem of flower stalks has been established. Our results show for the first time that shoot bending of cut flowers can be inhibited without adverse effects by controlling the gravity perception step with Ca2+ antagonists and cytoskeleton modulators. Such a practical benefit resulting from this project is of great economic value for the floriculture industry.