Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Practicing Professionals'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 30 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Practicing Professionals.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Arnold, Amy Joan. "Constructing Guidelines for Practicing Professionals Teaching Continuing Professional Development in Online Environments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99054.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
Often, individuals in the workforce are asked to design and teach professional development that is not delivered in a face to face setting. It is a challenging task that could be made easier by following guidance that has been developed by instructional designers and researchers. As such, this study highlights the techniques and best practices located within the publications from the fields of professional development, online learning, and instructional design. These techniques and best practices have been organized into a performance improvement model established by Thomas F. Gilbert entitled The Behavior Engineering Model (1978) and follows the research method known as development research. The findings of this study were reviewed by three experts who research the areas of online learning, performance improvement, and instructional design.
Bryant, Christopher L. "PROFESSIONAL COLLABORATION: THE VALUE OF MEANINGFUL CONVERSATION FOR THE STUDIO ART EDUCATOR." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/art_etds/14.
Full textBishop, James. "The Potential of Misdiagnosis of High IQ Youth by Practicing Mental Health Professionals: A Mixed Methods Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062851/.
Full textMartin, Steven C. "The Use of Continuing Professional Education (CPE) by Practicing Presbyterian Ministers." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1616.
Full textHenry, Nancy Jonnell Pearson Richard. "Post-degree perceived proficiency, professional development and supervision activities of practicing school counselors." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
Full textMabry, Challen Marie. "Professional Counselors Self-Perceived Multicultural Counseling Competency Practicing in Rural, Suburban, and Urban Communities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89365.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
The purpose of this study was to understand how counselors in Virginia perceived their cultural competence. The researcher examined how counselors rated their own cultural competence in relation to the geographic location in which they grew up, currently work, as well as general demographic characteristics, to better understand counselors’ competence when working with diverse peoples. Participants completed a demographic survey as well as the Multicultural Awareness Knowledge Skills Survey-Counselor Edition-Revised (MAKSS-CE-R), which measures counselor cultural competence. Results indicate that there was no difference in perceived cultural competence among professional counselors in Virginia based on the geographic area where they worked or grew up. However, counselors who identified as a racial/ethnic minority also perceived themselves as having greater cultural competency. Findings suggest that training programs may be providing adequate opportunities for counselors to develop cultural competence. Allowing creative approaches through technology, consultation, and implementation of counselor’s professional codes of ethics could be enough for counselors to feel competent when working with diverse peoples, regardless geographic practice location.
Ford, Keith Graham. "A narrative exploration of an EFL teacher's practicing professional identity in a Japanese socio-educational context." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3741.
Full textBlomquist, Helle. "Lawyers' ethics : the social construction of lawyers' professionalism : Danish practicing lawyers and some pre-conditions for their ethics /." Copenhagen : DJØF publ, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37756390n.
Full textOzden, Ali Tolga. "Architecture And Disaster: A Holistic And Risk-based Building Inspection Professional Training Model For Practicing Architects In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615661/index.pdf.
Full text姚泽麟 and Zelin Yao. "Practicing clinical medicine in a post-socialist state : an empirical study on professional autonomy of Chinese urban doctors." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193019.
Full textpublished_or_final_version
Sociology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Bissett, Rachel L. "An assessment of the Research Chefs Association's core competencies for practicing culinologists." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1244659761.
Full text陳淑英 and Suk-ying Eva Chan. "An autoethnographic study on the professional development journey of a practicing teacher : a case study school in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193099.
Full textHerrera, Mariela. "Inquiry and Authorship in a Teacher Professional Development Course: A Dialogic Analysis of Dramatic Inquiry Pedagogy and Philosophy for Practicing Teachers." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274356531.
Full textVillagomeza, Liwliwa Reyes. "Shifting Paradigms: The Development of Nursing Identity in Foreign-Educated Physicians Retrained as Nurses Practicing in the United States." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003201.
Full textFanning, Agnes. "A qualitative study of UK community health practitioners' perceptions of their personal and professional development after training for and practicing as health & social care innovators." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2017. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q54zy/a-qualitative-study-of-uk-community-health-practitioners-perceptions-of-their-personal-and-professional-development-after-training-for-and-practicing-as-health-social-care-innovators.
Full textSOUZA, MARCIO DE. "THE SUPERVISIONING AND PRACTICING WITHIN THE PROFESSIONAL GRADUATION OFTHE SOCIAL WORKER: A STUDY TOGETHER WITH THE SUPERVISORS FROM THE FIELDWORK OF THE SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT OF PUC-RIO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15818@1.
Full textO presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer como vem se realizando a supervisão de campo na visão dos supervisores que colaboram na formação profissional dos alunos do Departamento de Serviço Social da PUC-Rio. Para tal, procedeu-se a um estudo quanti-qualitativo que incluiu o mapeamento dos campos de estágio e respectivos supervisores, a aplicação de questionário por e-mail ou pessoalmente a todos os assistentes sociais que compunham o quadro de supervisores do Departamento no período de 2008.2, uma entrevista semiestruturada com 08 supervisores de campo e com a professora responsável pela Coordenação de Estágio do Departamento. As entrevistas foram gravadas com a permissão dos entrevistados, transcritas e analisadas à luz das categorias centrais do estudo: formação profissional, estágio e supervisão. Os achados apontam para a necessidade da preparação formativa para o exercício da supervisão de estágio, visto que ainda hoje, são muitas as inquietações e dificuldades que permeiam essa atividade, indicando assim, torná-la prioridade na formação profissional do assistente social, a partir da interlocução entre todos os sujeitos envolvidos nesse processo, bem como para a necessidade de maior aproximação entre a unidade de ensino, as instituições campo de estágio e os supervisores.
The current study has the objective of understanding how the supervision of the field work is being carried out in the eyes of the supervisors that collaborate in the professional development of the students of the Social Work Department of PUC-Rio. As such, a quanti-qualitative study was undertaken which included a mapping of the field placements and their respective supervisors, the application of a questionnaire via e-mail or personally to all social workers whom made up the team of supervisors of the Department in the second semester of 2008, a semistructured interview with eight supervisors from the field and one interview with the professor responsible for the Coordination of Field Placement at the Department. The interviews were recorded with the permission of the interviewees, transcribed and analyzed in light of the central categories of the study: professional development, field work and supervision. The results indicates a necessity of formative preparation to exercise the supervision of the students, as even these days there are many obstacles and difficulties which permeate this activity, indicating that it will become the priority in the professional development of the social work, beginning with the communications between all involved in this process, as well as the necessity of a better approach among the educational institution, the field work institutions and the supervisors.
Coleman, Anita Sundaram. "Synergies Sparked: A Research Agenda for Practicing Professionals." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105965.
Full textWU, HUNG-TA, and 吳泓達. "The Analysis of Practicing Environment on Health and Safety Professionals." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ps55sn.
Full text國立高雄應用科技大學
土木工程與防災科技研究所
106
This study is intended to not only explore the practice environment of occupational health and safety technicians in Taiwan but also find out the current condition and problems of the environment. Then a questionnaire survey followed with totally 124 valid questionnaires returned. According to the analysis results of the questionnaire, it is also found that most of the subjects generally believe “The voice of occupational health and safety technicians is insufficient in society.” With respect to the current condition of their environment, the subjects mostly believe “Occupational health and safety technicians can play a more important role by guiding companies and helping them to improve problems inspected by governing authorities.” Moreover, it is found in this study that there is a significant correlation among the attention to the practice environment, the current condition of the environment, and technicians’ future expectation of the environment. It is suggested that the government shall improve the practice environment of occupational health and safety technicians. In addition, endorsements signed by the technicians are mostly used in the practice environment. However, they are less legally binding than approvals signed by technicians for signed approvals are only valid with both technicians’ signatures and imprints of practice seals. Therefore, technicians generally prefer to see more government support for the use of approvals signed by technicians in order to develop more binding restraints on companies. To realize a better practice environment for occupational health and safety technicians in the future, more attention from the government is required in order to develop more supportive regulations. In addition, the associations of technicians and governing authorities shall help those technicians that run their own practice to have an overhaul of the practice environment by addressing the current problems of the environment and making policies based on the future expectation from the technicians.
Nkwanyana, Sinegugu. "An investigation of the professional relationship between somatologists and medical professionals practicing non-invasive aesthetic and anti-ageing medicine in eThekwini." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1425.
Full textBackground Internationally medical professionals have become increasingly aware of services that somatologists offer as adjunctive interventions. These include pre-surgery preparative and post-surgery maintenance treatments to enhance client recovery time and experience. This practice has led to the increasing utilisation of aestheticians/somatologists in medical practices internationally. In turn, the demand for aesthetic procedures has sparked great interest amongst medical professionals, more specifically dermatologists. Conversely, within the South African context, specifically KwaZulu-Natal, Vosloo (2009) revealed a poor response regarding the referral practices between medical professionals practicing non-invasive aesthetic and anti-ageing medicine, and somatologists. Thus a paucity of literature limits our understanding of the role and placement of somatology services, as well as the referral practices and their impact on the client within the medical practice. Aim: To determine whether a professional relationship currently exists between somatologists and medical professionals within the eThekwini area, in order to support the development of effective inter-professional relationships which promote higher procedure success rates and reduced client recovery time. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in eThekwini. A total of 579 questionnaires were issued. The final sample size consisted of 172 somatologists and 21 medical professionals. The response rates were 31% and 81% respectively. A self-selection sampling technique was used. Structured questionnaires were hand-delivered to the participants’ work setting. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Descriptive statistics were used to describe quantitative data. Correlation and regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between actual dimensions of two variables at a time. Results: Currently 91% of medical professionals refer aesthetic treatments to somatologists through word-of-mouth. High levels of awareness were revealed amongst medical professionals with regards to the somatology treatments/services beneficial in a medical practice. All medical professionals felt that further information regarding the somatology curriculum was necessary. Somatologists preferred to establish a referral relationship with dermatologists. A lower referral relationship (55%) was revealed by this group. Conclusion: Currently, a collaborative relationship between dermatologists and somatologists exists within the eThekwini area. Regulation of the somatology profession is crucial in order to promote this growing relationship.
Hartman, Nathan W. "Towards the definition and development of expertise in the use of constraint-based CAD tools examining practicing professionals /." 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03062003-115431/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
Full textMukeredzi, Tabitha Grace. "Exploring professional development experiences of the professionally unqualified practicing teachers in rural secondary schools." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3150.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009.
Grimmett, Marc Anderson. "Endorsement of professional standards for effective practice by practicing professional school counselors." 2003. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/grimmett%5Fmarc%5Fa%5F200308%5Fphd.
Full textPierce, Laura Marinn. "An Exploration of the Relationships among Wellness, Spirituality, and Personal Dispositions of Practicing Professional Counselors." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/738.
Full textCHEN, YUN-JU, and 陳韻如. "A Study of Parents and Kindergarten Teachers in Perceiving and Practicing Kindergarten Teachers’ Professional Roles." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27424481176656440193.
Full text銘傳大學
教育研究所碩士在職專班
98
The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of kindergarten teachers and parents in perceiving and practicing kindergarten teachers’ professional roles. The subjects were teachers and parents of Taipei Municipal Elementary School affiliated kindergarten. The study was investigated through ” Kindergarten Teacher’ Perception and Practice of Professional Roles Questionnaire.” There were in total 355 valid questionnaires, including 188 finished by teachers and 167 by parents. The followings were conclusions after analysis and discussion: 1.From the perspectives of teachers and parents, seven dimensions of perception and practice of teachers’ professional roles all intended to be “very important” and “mostly done.” “Competence of nursing and instruction,” “classroom management, “and “attitude of the career” were considered most crucial. “Competence of administration” was less important. 2.There were remarkable differences in teaching seniority and whether having children. Teachers teaching more than 11 years had done better in “professional knowledge and competence” than those teaching less than 10 years. In “attitude of career,” teachers teaching more than 21 years had done better than younger ones. Kindergarten teachers who had children had done better in “professional knowledge and competence” than those who did not have children. 3.There were remarkable differences in parents with different ages. Parents with 36-40 of age thought “competence of communication” in a teacher’s role more important than parents who were younger than 35 years old. Female parents thought kindergarten teachers had done better in “classroom management,” and “competence of nursing and instruction” than male parents. 4.From the perspectives of kindergarten teachers, teachers perceived themselves better than practiced. From the perspectives of parents, there were no remarkable differences in the perception and practice of “competence of administration,’ and “professional knowledge and competence.” In terms of other perception and practice of teachers’ roles, parents also perceived better than practiced. 5.In teachers’ and parents’ practice in a kindergarten teacher’s role, parents approved that teachers had done better than teachers themselves. 6.Based on the conclusions, suggestions of educational administration, teachers’ professional roles and future study were addressed. Key Words:teachers’ roles , perception of teachers’ roles ,practice of teachers’ roles
WU, WAN KUN, and 吳婉堃. "Jumping out, Reflection and Perceiving:A action research of practicing self-monitoring to seek the professional growth." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3h37nc.
Full text國立臺灣師範大學
特殊教育學系在職進修碩士班
95
Abstract The study story, which is based on my past learning and teaching experiences, helps me to be more professional in guiding special students. In this research, the action research method is used on-the-spot in all my teaching scenes to teach my student-Xiao Jing how to practice his self-monitoring strategy. During the teaching process, I expect to improve Xiao Jing’s self-control abilities and increase my specialized ability as well. Based on my own research experience, I generalize the nine methods for self- monitoring strategies, which show their own importance. I also reorganize the procedures and matters for attention during practicing the self- monitoring strategy after I finished the research. While doing the research, I went through two phases-pursuing after the data and jumping out of the research field. During the first phase, I couldn’t understand everything clearly and couldn’t solve many problems that happened in the research field. During the second phase, I jumped out of the research field and reflect everything of the research process with the third party’s point of view. This made me rediscover Xiao Jing’s effort when he practiced the self-monitoring strategy. Furthermore, I found the deficiencies of my teaching experience-having over high anticipation about the effect of self- monitoring strategy and not tolerating the errors of Xiao Jing and mine during the learning process. Through the reflection, I found the positive effect of Xiao Jing that resulted from my effort. After perceiving the mistake, I learn to accept the imperfection of myself and try hard to adjust my action. I am happy for my growth.
TSAI, YI-CHE, and 蔡宜哲. "A Study on the Experience of Practicing Professionalism of Social Workers in the Field of Marital Violence." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2nvx77.
Full text實踐大學
社會工作學系碩士班
105
This study aims to explore the experience of practicing professionalism of social workers working with female victims in the field of marital violence. The researcher adopts qualitative interview method. Through purposive sampling and snowball sampling, ten social workers were selected. Additionally, all participants have more than five-year experiences of working with marital violence populations. The study found that the experience of practicing professionalism of social workers in the field of marital violence, social worker must be able to agree with the mission of social work, promote social justice, and have professional autonomy to use knowledge, skill, value as the basis of action and judgment. Following, this experience will be divided into knowledge, skills, values of three parts. 1. Knowledge To achieve service goals, respondents rely on the knowledge for backing. The expertise used includes professional role, theory, and expertise in other professional field. The most important professional role is the partner, the second is the resource manager. The two most important theories are the ecological systems theory and the anti-oppressive perspective. The secondary theory is the strengths perspective. A small number of respondents refer to the cognitive behavioral theory and pragmatism. The expertise in other professional field includes legal knowledge and medical knowledge. 2. Skills To change the behavior of the client and achieve service goals, respondents should use a lot of professional skills. The professional skills used can be divided into six categories. According to the degree of attention are connecting and negotiation skills, communication skills, self-awareness and self-control skills, advocating skills, and group work skills, personal safety protection skills equal attention. 3. Values Values are the basic core of social work. The skills in the protection service are only operational technique. If there are no values behind the backing, the whole process of treatment is empty and meaningless. According to the experience of the respondents, the professional values include privacy and confidentiality, ensuring the life safety of the clients, believing the clients are the instructor in helping relationship, accepting individual differences and multicultural of the clients, practicing social justice, implementing professional autonomy. Finally, the thesis offers an integrative discussion of the research findings, and gives suggestions to clinical applications and further studies. Keywords:Social Workers in the Field of Marital Violence、Professionalism、Professional Autonomy
Lin, Ying-Jun, and 林盈君. "Is There an Effect for Continuing Professional Education of Taiwanese Small and Medium Sized Accounting Firm in Different Practicing Area?." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56068476625511675455.
Full text國立雲林科技大學
會計系
102
In recent years, with the rapid changes in the global economic environment, the accounting firms face competitive pressure. In the public accounting profession, continuing professional education is a critical factor to respond to the growing complexity of accounting standards, laws and regulations. Continuing professional education enhances employee professional skills and service quality, which keep accounting firms remain competitive in the market. This paper investigates the association between continuing professional education and operation performance of small and medium-sized accounting firm practicing in different area. Main empirical results are as follows: First, in the northern and southern areas, small accounting firms providing continuing professional education outperform those without providing continuing professional education. Next, the relationship between continuing professional education and operating performance is significant positive for small and medium-sized accounting firm with continuing professional education either in northern, central or southern areas. This indicates that continuing professional education improve operating performance of small and medium-sized accounting firms.
Chung, Yu-Fang, and 鐘郁芳. "The Case Study of Elementary Special Education Teachers Enrolling in In-service Training Programs for Professional Development in Practicing Diagnosis and Assessment." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cdp6pk.
Full text國立東華大學
教育行政與管理學系
102
The purpose of inclusive education is to enable special needs students to receive good education and adapt themselves well to the living environment. The diagnosis and assessment are usually undertaken by special education teachers as criteria to help students with special needs. It is important for special education teachers to continue to be involved in in-service training to develop and enhance their profession in practicing diagnosis and assessment. This research was aimed to explore the influences of elementary special education teachers enrolling in in-service training programs upon their professional development in practicing diagnosis and assessment, and it was carried out by adopting a qualitative, collective, instrumental case study approach. There were four elementary special education teachers participating in this research, and the data were collected by using in-depth interviews and document collection. The purposes of this research are to explore: 1. Teachers’ self-assessment and needs for professional development in practicing diagnosis and assessment; 2. The influence of teachers’ enrolling in in-service training programs for their professional development in practicing diagnosis and assessment. The research findings are summarized as follows: 1. The teachers have mastered the knowledge and skills in practicing diagnosis and assessment, but have found difficulty in interpreting the data collected from individual students; 2. The teachers have been involved in various forms and contents of in-service training program to develop the profession; 3. The teachers’ profession in practicing diagnosis and assessment can be enhanced by enrolling in in-service training programs. Based on the research findings, some suggestions are also given to education administration units, teacher training units, special education teachers, and future researchers.
Wu, Bing-Cheng, and 吳秉正. "The experience of the professional role practicing when the social worker of Department of Domestic Violence Service in District Court is escorting to court hearing." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94509065592914748960.
Full text國立屏東科技大學
社會工作系
98
This study aims to provide the practitioners with the opportunities to describe and deal with the experience from whic h they have gained by escorting to court hearing. This study, moreover, also intends to arouse people’s attention toward social workers ’ working conditions and thus understand how they feel when they handle different cases or events. Indeed,as far as the social workers of service department are concerned, they can obtain great benefits from sharing experience such as fulfilling their professional roles and earning more professional recognitions. In this sense, the study copes with the following three key issues: first,what kinds of experience will the social workers of service department get from carrying out their professional roles via attending court hearing? Secondly, what kinds of strategies will the social workers take toward the situations they encounter? How do the social workers identify their professional roles? This study invites five social workers of service department who have worked for a year and other three ones whose working experience hasn’t been up to a year to take part in the interviews. The interviews are conducted for 12 times and 1280 minutes are thus taken. Based on the hermeneutic phenomenological methodology, the study conducted the thematic analysis to analyze the texts. The four essential themes are:(1)the appearance of social workers on the stage (2)the encounter of the social workers and the life world of work (3) the strategies of the social workers (4) the essential meaning of such worked experience. Based on these essential themes and discussions, some concrete suggestions were proposed.
Wei-Chen, Tai, and 戴暐真. "The Influence on the Professional and Practice Curriculum Learning Behavior of Students by Practicing Skill Certification Test in Data Processing Department of Vocational High School in the North of Taiwan." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72529767884630701524.
Full text國立臺灣師範大學
工業教育學系在職進修碩士班
94
Owing to the times progress and development of the computer information, most people paid much attention to the relative abilities of computer technique. It stands for self-affirmation of individual’s ability to get the certification of the skill certification test, and which is essential for a job application. The study focuses on the influence of practicing and responding strategies of the data processing department of vocational high school in the north of Taiwan for the student skill certification test. The research was done through literature reviewing and survey method, and the target objects were the students at the data processing department from 17 different vocational high schools in 2005. The effective questionnaires amounts to 1,076, and they were statistical analyzed by the following methods: the frequency distribution and percentage, means and standard deviation, and t-test and one-way ANOVA. Following all these information, the researcher drew a conclusion and offered the officers in the government educational departments some suggestions for reference. The suggestions could also be used as strategies or improvements for the practice of the revised curriculum in the data processing department in vocational high school. Concerning the effects of the student skill certification test upon the learning behavior curriculum, the research drew conclusions as following: 1、There are five factors manipulated in the questionnaires, including learning motivation, learning attitude, learning custom, learning method, and learning environment. 2、The influence of skill certification test performance on skill learning in data processing department of vocational high school for learning environment and learning motivation have the most positive influence. 3、In view of the positive effects the skill certification test has on the teaching in the data processing department, more students should be encouraged to take skill certification test and, a certification system will be formed. 4、The schools should inform the students that the skill certification test is very important for their careers and further education. 5、The schools should establish standard sites for the skill certification test and offer enough equipment for students to practice. 6、As to those students who pass the skill certification test, the school can encourage them by giving them the credits of the related courses or some extra points.