Academic literature on the topic 'Pragmatic justification'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pragmatic justification"
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Rosen, Melanie. "A Pragmatic Justification of Deduction." Kritike: An Online Journal of Philosophy 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25138/3.1.a.11.
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Snowden, Austyn, and John Atkinson. "Concurrent analysis: a pragmatic justification." Nursing Philosophy 13, no. 2 (March 9, 2012): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-769x.2011.00523.x.
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Macário Lopes, Ana Cristina. "Justification." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.19.2.05lop.
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The main purpose of this paper is to analyse formal and functional aspects of constructions based on a Justification (or Claim-Argument) coherence relation, explicitly marked by a connective. The prototype of this construction is an utterance like Está gente em casa, porquer as luzes estão acesas [“ There is somebody at home, because the lights are on”]. The empirical data are collected from an on-line corpus of contemporary written Portuguese (CETEMPúblico). Following Sanders et al.(2001), I assume the distinction between semantic and pragmatic coherence relations in text representation: Semantic relations connect the situations of the sociophysical world described by the propositional content of the related textual segments; pragmatic relations involve the illocutionary domain, i.e., the relation concerns the speech act status of the segments. Justification relation is a pragmatic relation and I argue that it requires simultaneously a sequence of speech acts and an inference process. In fact, Justification relations occur typically in argumentative contexts, and argumentation, according to van Eemeren & Grotendorst (1984), is a compound illocution, consisting of at least two functionally distinct statements: A main assertion corresponding to the claim being made and a subordinate assertion, which counts as an attempt by the speaker to justify his claim, convincing the listner of its acceptability. The claim being made in prototypical Justification constructions (p, because q) is an assumption, not a fact; it corresponds to a conclusion drawn by the speaker, supported by the premise expressed in the second clause and warranted by a generic implicit premise. The account presented in this paper contests Sweetser’s (1990) distinction between epistemic causal conjunctions and speech act causal conjunctions: The act of concluding may be speaker-internal, but since it is asserted and then justified, it is not possible to dissociate the epistemic and the illocutionary domains within the field of argumentative texts.
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Blokker, Paul, and Andrea Brighenti. "Politics between justification and defiance." European Journal of Social Theory 14, no. 3 (August 2011): 283–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368431011412346.
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The article discusses the status and role of politics — in its various facets — in the pragmatic sociology of critique. We focus on a number of different dimensions of politics — politics-as-justification, politics-as-distribution, politics-as-constitution, and politics-as-defiance — that can said to be of importance for a pragmatic sociology of critique, but that have not all been taken up equally in this approach. We situate pragmatic sociology in a tradition of thought that views politics as emerging in the settlement of disputes over differences without resorting to violence. However, we argue that pragmatic sociology tends to ignore questions of the constitution of politics, and suggest that one way of bringing the foundational aspect upfront is by conceptualizing and studying defiance, including forms of explicit (dissent) and implicit critique (resistance) of the existing order.
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Hassoon, Hameed, and MariamD Saffah. "JUSTIFICATION, EXCUSE AND EXPLANATION: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE." International Journal of Advanced Research 5, no. 10 (October 31, 2017): 1426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/5662.
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A. Lindaas, Ole. "Epistemic versus Pragmatic Justification of Risk Analysis." Universal Journal of Management 4, no. 10 (October 2016): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2016.041006.
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KYRATZIS, AMY, TAMARA SHUQUM ROSS, and S. BAHAR KOYMEN. "Validating justifications in preschool girls' and boys' friendship group talk: implications for linguistic and socio-cognitive development." Journal of Child Language 37, no. 1 (June 15, 2009): 115–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908009069.
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ABSTRACTChildren are believed to construct their causal theories through talk and interaction, but with the exception of a few studies, little or nothing is known about how young children justify and build theories of the world together with same-age peers through naturally occurring interaction, Children's sensitivity to when a pair or group of interlocutors who interact frequently together feel that a justification is needed, is an index of developing pragmatic competence (Goetz & Shatz, 1999) and may be influenced by interactive goals and gender identity positioning. Studies suggest that salient contexts for justifications for young children are disagreement and control (e.g. Veneziano & Sinclair, 1995) but researchers have been less recognizant of ‘situations in which partners verbally assist in the construction of justifications as a means to maintain contact or create solidarity’ (Goetz & Shatz, 1999: 722) as contexts for justifications. The present study examined the spontaneously produced justification constructions in the naturally occurring free play of five friendship groups of preschool-aged children (aged from 3 ; 6 to 5 ; 4), in terms of the motivating context of the justification, marking of the causal relationship with a connective, and causal theories accessed in the talk. Partner expansion (validating justifications) was a salient motivating context for justifications, especially in the talk of friendship groups of girls, and seemed to privilege greater marking of the causal relationship with a connective and less arbitrary reasoning. One group of girls varied their use of validating justifications depending on the theme of play. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of use of validating justifications for children's causal theory building with peers, linguistic development, and pragmatic development.
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Gale, Richard. "The Overall Argument of Alston's Perceiving God." Religious Studies 30, no. 2 (June 1994): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500001438.
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Alston's overall aim in Perceiving God is to show that we are rationally justified in believing that our apparent direct perceptions of God's presence (called ‘M-experiences’) are reliable and thus for the most part veridical, the objective, existentially-committed beliefs based on these experiences thereby being prima facie justified, subject to defeat by certain overriders supplied by some background religion. It is argued that our rational justification for believing this is of both an epistemic and pragmatic (or practical) sort, in which an epistemic reason for believing a proposition is truth conducive, rendering the proposition probable, while a pragmatic one concerns the benefits which accrue from belief. We will begin by considering the pragmatic justification, since the case he makes out for epistemic justification is built on its back.
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Deichsel, Simon. "Against the pragmatic justification for realism in economic methodology." Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 4, no. 1 (May 12, 2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23941/ejpe.v4i1.68.
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In recent times, realism in economic methodology has increasingly gained importance. Uskali Mäki and Tony Lawson are the best-known realists within the discipline and even though their approaches are fundamentally different, both provide (among others) pragmatic defences of realism by claiming anti-realism to be the reason for the low quality of (some) economic models. My paper will show that a pragmatic defence of realism is untenable and furthermore, I will show that for both Mäki's and Lawson's normative ideas there is no need for realism.
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NDAYAMBAJE, JUVÉNAL. "What Goes Wrong in Habermas’s Pragmatic Justification of (U)?" Dialogue 56, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001221731700004x.
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In his moral theory, named ‘discourse ethics,’ Jürgen Habermas holds that a norm is morally valid only when it is universalizable. He establishes the principle of universalization (U) as the procedural principle for testing the moral validity of norms in moral discourse. He argues that this principle can be derived from the pragmatic presuppositions of argumentation in general. By explicating the fiduciary status of pragmatic presuppositions of argumentation, and by distinguishing perspectival from comprehensive universalization, I argue that Habermas fails to justify his moral principle.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pragmatic justification"
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D, Saffah Mariam [Verfasser]. "Justification. A Pragmatic Perspective : A Study of Some Selected British and American Decision-Makers’ Political Speeches / Mariam D. Saffah." München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1208973606/34.
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Laclau, Vincent. "La qualification par les enseignants de collège : construction, justification et protection : esquisse d'une sociologie pragmatique du jugement enseignant." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2131.
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Dans une société méritocratique, qui réserve les places sociales les plus désirables aux individus les plus méritants, l’évaluation scolaire occupe une place centrale. De par sa fonction de sélection, elle conduit en effet à la répartition des individus entre les filières de formation et, in fine, aux différents statuts professionnels. Selon la réglementation en vigueur, ce sont les enseignants qui sont chargés d’effectuer l’évaluation scolaire. L’enquête exploratoire conduit à s’intéresser au jugement des enseignants : la construction des avis scolaire des professeurs ne repose pas sur la simple application de techniques d’évaluation, mais elle met en œuvre des méthodes ordinaires de jugement. Une des propriétés du jugement enseignant est d’être constamment soumis à la possibilité d’une critique, susceptible de provenir de diverses catégories d’individus. Cette recherche consiste à analyser ce qui, dans l’activité scolaire, permet aux enseignants de se prémunir contre la critique, de l’anticiper, de la maîtriser.L’étude de la littérature scientifique montre que la question du jugement enseignant se constitue en problème scientifique au cours du XXe siècle, à partir du constat empirique de ses défaillances. Les recherches successives s’émancipent peu à peu du regard normatif pour construire des modèles explicatifs de l’évaluation scolaire comme phénomène social, en puisant dans les ressources des sciences sociales. Un mouvement plus récent, dans la continuité duquel ce travail s’insère, adopte une posture plus compréhensive, en laissant une large place à la subjectivité des professeurs. Ces derniers construisant leur jugement lors des interactions vécues dans le cadre de leur travail ordinaire, deux courants sociologiques sont convoqués : premièrement, la sociologie pragmatique, dont un des concepts centraux, l’épreuve, permet de décrire et d’analyser le travail de qualification des élèves dans le cadre pédagogique ; deuxièmement, l’interactionnisme symbolique d’Erving Goffman. Le recueil des données qualitatives s’inspire des méthodes ethnographiques. Le travail de jugement de onze enseignants de collège de l’agglomération de Lille a été observé et a fait l’objet d’entretiens conduisant à l’explicitation des pratiques. L’analyse des données privilégie un raisonnement inductif fondé sur la méthode de théorisation ancrée.Les résultats se déclinent selon deux idées principales. Premièrement, le fait que les élèves sont qualifiés dans le cadre d’épreuves, au sens de la sociologie pragmatique, c’est-à-dire d’interactions visant à un accord sur la qualification d’un être humain ou d’un objet. Les épreuves sont conduites en référence à des principes de justice et par l’engagement dans la situation d’objets ou d’individus qui peuvent être requalifiés au cours de l’épreuve. La qualification des élèves demande donc, de la part du professeur, la constitution d’un dispositif assez solide, sur lequel s’appuyer lors des épreuves, s’il veut garantir la légitimité de son jugement. Deuxièmement, parmi toutes les épreuves de qualification des élèves, l’évaluation pratiquée par les professeurs est une tentative d’industrialisation du jugement ordinaire des enseignants. L’évaluation scolaire est identifiée à un ensemble spécifique d’épreuves difficiles à contester sans remettre en cause une construction théorique et pratique, à la fois cohérente et robuste. En ceci, les épreuves évaluatives constituent un point d’appui incontournable pour la conduite du travail enseignant. Elles définissent des procédures, proposent des étalons de valeur, des modèles de référence, un répertoire d’actions, une grammaire professionnelle, qui se déploient dans un monde tourné vers l’efficacité, le rendement, la mesure, l’objectivité. Cette attraction industrielle peut toutefois entraver la conduite ordinaire du jugement enseignant, en délégitimant d’autres moyens dont il dispose pour connaître ses élèves et construire les situations d’apprentissageIn a meritocratic society, which reserves its most desirable positions for its most deserving individuals, school assessment occupies a central position. By its function of selection, assessment leads indeed to the distribution of individuals over different specialisations and, in fine, to their various professional statuses. In line with current legislation, it is teachers who are responsible for carrying out school assessment. The exploratory enquiry leads us to focus on teacher judgement: the construction of teachers’ educational judgements is not based on the simple application of evaluation techniques but entails ordinary means of judgement. One of the aspects of teacher judgement is its being constantly subjected to the possibility of criticism, coming from various categories of individuals. This research consists in an analysis of what, within school activity, enables teachers to arm themselves against criticism, to anticipate it and to manage it.A study of the scientific literature shows that the question of teacher judgement emerges as a scientific problem during the 20th century, out of an empirical observation of its weaknesses. Successive research has standardised little by little from the normative view to construct explanatory models of educational assessment as a social phenomenon, by exploiting the resources of the social sciences. A more recent movement, the pursuit of which this work takes up, adopts a more overall posture, leaving a wide margin for the subjectivity of teachers. The latter, building up their judgement during interaction experienced in the framework of their day-to-day work, two sociological currents are at play: firstly, pragmatic sociology, of which one of the central concepts, the test, allows for the description and analysis of the work of defining students within the teaching framework; secondly the symbolic interactionism of Erving Goffman.The gathering of qualitative data is inspired by ethnographic methods. The work of judgement of 11 junior secondary school teachers from the Lille metropolitan area was observed and discussed in interviews leading to exploration of practices. The analysis of data favours inductive reasoning based on the grounded theory method.Results are ordered according to two main ideas: Firstly, the fact that the students are qualified within in the framework of tests, in the pragmatic sociological sense of the word, that is to say interactions aimed at an agreement on the qualification of the human being or object. The tests are conducted with reference to principles of justice and by engaging objects or individuals in the situation that can be requalified during the test. The qualification of students demands therefore, on a teacher’s part, the constitution of a sufficiently strong system on which to rely during tests, if he or she wishes to guarantee the legitimacy of his/her judgment.Secondly, among all the tests for qualifying students, the assessment carried out by teachers is an attempt to industrialise their ordinary judgment. School assessment is made up of an assortment of specific tests which are difficult to challenge without disturbing a theoretical and practical construct that is both coherent and robust. In this way, assessment tests constitute an unavoidable means for the organising of teaching. These tests define procedures, offer scales of value, models of reference, a database of actions, a professional grammar, which is developed in a world oriented towards efficiency, productivity, measurement, objectivity. This attraction to an industrialised system can however block the ordinary function of judgment of the teacher, while de-legitimizing other means at his/her disposal to know his/her student and to construct learning situations
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Bouteloup, Claire. "Agir pour la reconnaissance du dommage écologique des marées noires : attachements, stratégies et justification. Cas de l'Amoco Cadiz et de l'Erika." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0062/document.
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En quarante ans, la Bretagne a subi en moyenne un naufrage de pétrolier tous les cinq ans. A chaque marée noire, le dommage écologique génère des mobilisations massives, des controverses sur la scène publique et la remise en cause des dispositifs de régulation. Malgré son évidence sensible, ni le régime international d'indemnisation (FIPOL) ni le Droit national n'intègrent l'atteinte environnementale comme motif supplémentaire de responsabilité financière pour les opérateurs. Les dommages de la pollution sont pris en compte à travers, d'un côté, les préjudices économiques et matériels et, de l'autre, les dommages purs à la biodiversité, sous la forme d'actions de restauration des milieux naturels. Les critiques pointent la faiblesse de la dissuasion : les coûts d'une marée noire pour les acteurs du transport maritime pétrolier sont considérés dérisoires au vu des profits et donc peu incitatifs à des comportements plus prudents. Elles réclament également la reconnaissance des dommages écologiques par le Droit, qui ouvrirait la possibilité de conséquences juridiques et économiques concrètes aux faits de pollutions et l'indemnisation des atteintes à l'environnement.Cette recherche s'intéresse aux processus de changement vers la reconnaissance des dommages écologiques des marées noires. Il ne s'agit pas de questionner l'efficacité de la prise en compte des dégradations environnementales par le dispositif de gestion ou les voies juridiques susceptibles de soutenir son intégration dans le Droit - déjà largement explorées - mais d'étudier les réalités du dommage écologique et d'analyser les actions de changement mises en oeuvre par des acteurs pour susciter leur reconnaissance. Cette analyse est conduite à partir de deux cas d'étude, la marée noire de l'Amoco Cadiz (1978) et celle de l'Erika (1999).Nous explorons une voie alternative et élargie de compréhension des atteintes de la marée noire, en considérant que la marée noire endommage aussi des relations plurielles entre hommes et environnement. Grâce à la sociologie pragmatique développée par Thévenot dans L'action au pluriel (2006) nous montrons les réalités plurielles du dommage écologique en termes d'attachements d’hommes à des non humains, que ni la description des écologues, ni celle des attachements de type marchand ne parviennent à saisir. Par ailleurs, à partir d'une analyse stratégique de la gestion de l'environnement (Mermet et al., 2005), nous étudions la manière dont les acteurs élaborent l'action de changement et comment celle-ci porte le dommage écologique. Nous nous intéressons tout particulièrement à la manière dont les enjeux de l'action induisent certains choix de qualification du dommage au tribunal.La recherche propose ainsi de nouvelles connaissances sur le dommage écologique, qui pourraient en renouveler la définition (intérêt théorique). Questionner les atteintes aux attachements pourrait également ouvrir une voie intéressante pour soutenir de nouvelles formes de justification sur la scène publique et favoriser la reconnaissance juridique des dommages écologiques (intérêt opérationnel). Enfin, elle articule deux cadres de pensée jusque-là disjoints en sciences humaines et qui se révèlent complémentaires. En donnant à voir les réalités plurielles, individuelles et collectives, des dynamiques environnementales, cette recherche propose d'enrichir la compréhension de la mise en oeuvre d'une action de changement au-delà des analyses de l'action collective (Cefaï, 2007)Over the last forty years, an oil tanker has sunk off the Brittany coast of France every five years on average. Each time, the ecological damage from the oil slick has mobilised huge numbers of people to volunteer and demonstrate, and generated public controversy and criticism of regulatory procedures. Although oil spills provoke evident impacts, neither the International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds (IOPC Funds) nor French Law recognise environmental detriment as a motif for financial compensation by the operators. The damages and pollution are taken into account firstly as economic and material losses, and secondly in terms of damage to biodiversity requiring habitat restoration actions. Critics highlight the feeble deterrent and the lack of incentive for maritime oil transporters to reduce risks: in relation to their profits the costs of an oil slick to them is regarded as derisory. These critics also call for recognition of ecological damages by the law. This would allow environmental pollution to incur economic and juridical responsibilities, and for environmental harm to require compensation.This research project looks at change processes leading to the recognition of ecological damage from oil slicks. We do not add to the existing substantial debate over the efficiency or interest of integrating environmental concerns into conduct rules and the legal system, nor evaluate different methods for doing do. Instead we study the realities of ecological damage, and analyse actions for change implemented by different actors to provoke their recognition. This analysis is based on two case studies: the oil slicks from the Amoco Cadiz (1978) and the Erika (1999).We explore an alternative and wider approach to understanding the harm caused by an oil slick, by considering that it damages multiple relationships between man and the environment. Using the concept of pragmatic sociology (Thévenot, “L’action au pluriel”, 2006) we reveal the multiple realities of ecological damage in terms of the relations between humans and nonhumans. These relations cannot be described in purely commercial nor ecological terms. Using a strategic analysis of environmental management (Mermet et al., 2005), we study how actors elaborate an action for change and how the action represents environmental damage. We look particularly at how the challenge of the action leads to certain choices when qualifying the damage to the courts.Thus, the study proposes new information on ecological damage, allowing the definition to be renewed (theoretical interest). By examining ecological damage in terms of harm to human – nonhuman relations, it provides an interesting support for new forms of justification in the public arena, and promotes legal recognition of ecological damage (operational interest). Finally, the study brings together, and shows to be complementary, two conceptual frameworks hereto unarticulated in human sciences. The study reveals the multiple individual and collective realities of environmental dynamics, and thus allows a richer understanding of the implementation of an action for change than a standard analysis of collective action (Cefai, 2007)
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Li, Shaobing. "Experiential Moral Character: Reconceptualization and Measurement Justification." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1574794255368781.
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Herrine, Luke. "What Makes a Belief Warranted? A Pragmatist’s Answer." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1275599008.
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Elliott, Tracey Ann. "Necessity or pragmatism? : the development and use of the justification of necessity in medical law." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8456.
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Traditionally, the courts have been very reluctant to permit the use of necessity as a defence in civil or criminal cases. However, following the case of F v. West Berkshire Health Authority [1990] 2 A.C. 1 and up until the coming into force of the Mental Capacity Act 2005, the common law principle of necessity was extensively used in medical law to provide a lawful basis for the care and medical treatment of incapacitated adults without consent. This thesis examines why this was the case, and suggest that the answer may be found in the need to fill a “gap” in the law left by the ending of the parens patriae jurisdiction over incapacitated adults and in the development of the declaratory jurisdiction, enabling the courts to consider ex ante whether treatment is lawful and to exercise control over the application of the defence. It is suggested that judicial pragmatism, rather than legal principle lies behind this development and use of necessity This essentially historical study (although the impact that the Mental Capacity Act 2005 will have upon the justification of necessity is examined) critically considers what judicial pragmatism is, before examining the development of the declaratory jurisdiction and its role, together with the justification of necessity, in providing a substitute to the former parens patriae jurisdiction. The origins of and development of the defence and its use in medical law cases are critically scrutinised. It is suggested that the ‘principle’ of necessity developed in Re F is essentially a pragmatic, rather than a principled construct, and that ‘necessity’ in this medico-legal context is essentially a paradoxical concept, being a best interests defence rather than one of true necessity, with the test of best interests being sufficiently vague and broad to permit the courts to maintain an illusion of coherence and consistency whilst maximising flexibility.
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Murad, Kamaran. "Between determination and pragmatism : justification for, and odds against, a Kurdish State in northern Iraq." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40874.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the arguments in support of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) to become an internationally recognised nation state. The thesis argues the case for the KRG becoming a nation state in two areas. First it argues that the Kurds constitute a distinct nation. This argument is made on the basis of a Kurdish ethnic identity stretching back millennia and inextricably linked to the territory in Northern Iraq currently under the administration of the Kurdistan Regional Government. The repression and rights violations suffered by Kurds at the hands of past Iraqi regimes are also evaluated in their effects on Kurdish people’s perception of themselves as perennial victims of the Iraqi state as a political project. The emancipatory significance of Kurdish nationalism is thus seen to derive from their experience as victims of a repressive state and the injustice Kurds suffered in the immediate aftermath of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. The Kurds, having been promised autonomy after the First World War, were then denied it and found themselves spread across a number of nation-states in the Middle East (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran) in which they were consistently persecuted. This strengthened Kurdish self-identity and culture, and their desire to have a nation state of their own. The second argument is made that on the basis of international law the Kurds and the KRG have a case for becoming internationally recognised state. This is made on two bases: the KRG is a fully functioning de facto state, with an administration, an armed forces and security. The KRG thus satisfies the criterion of Statehood provided in the Montevideo Convention. The KRG has also proved with its political and economic structures and institutions that it is internally capable of functioning as a viable state within the international political system. The other legal argument for a Kurdish independent state is made on the basis of Kurdish people’s past genocidal experience and the possibility of the Iraqi state responding with violence to a future Kurdish unilateral declaration of independence. These, it is argued, may enable the KRG to plead for recognition as a state on a sui generis basis. The thesis, however, acknowledges the odds against a future Kurdish state. This issue is discussed with reference to the dominant role of realpolitik in the recognition of states, and also with regard to how an independent Kurdish state may affect the interests of some powerful states in the international political system.
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Alvarez, Fabiola. "The Scottish national screen agency : justifications of worth." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5020.
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This thesis examines the role of the former national screen agency in Scotland, which was in charge of distributing public funds for screen activity between 1997 and 2010. It examines how external factors such as cultural policy and internal factors such as individual approaches to film funding, affected the agency's perception and remit. The study draws on the institutional logics perspective (Thornton et al., 2012) to frame the interplay of two competing imperatives, one commercial, one creative, affecting the creative industries in Scotland and Scottish Screen's activities more specifically. However, it goes beyond this duality by examining more nuanced factors which significantly affected the organisation's trajectory and remit. Taking into account the predominant logic(s) throughout Scottish Screen's history and focusing on organisational responses during moments of transition or conflict, I use the analytical framework developed by Boltanski and Thévenot in On Justification (2006) to examine criticisms, justifications, and attempts at compromising expressed through official and non-official channels. The thesis outlines how opinions and decisions stemming from disparate views of what is “worthy” affected the agency's activity and funding decisions, as well as the dialogue with its stakeholders. The conclusions extracted from my findings inform existing literature on responses to plurality and challenge some claims made by institutional logic scholars: the first conclusion is that lack of conflict between logics does not necessarily translate into lack organisational conflict, as the latter often derives from different orders of worth which override the commercial-creative logic divide and are incompatible amongst themselves. The second conclusion, related to the first one, is that stability may be enhanced (at least temporarily) in a professional environment dominated by a plurality of logics as long as there is compatibility amongst the orders of worth set forth in pursuit of organisational goals. A third conclusion is related to the examination of some contributions to the orders of worth perspective and the study of plurality and instability in organisational practices, notably Boltanski and Chiapello's (2007) depiction of a seventh world of worth called the ‘projective city' (underpinned by the higher value of activity aimed at creating or maintaining ever-changing networks), and David Stark's (2009) study of plurality and ambiguity management in organisations. My findings suggest that organisational models based on pervasive, horizontal networks capable of transgressing traditional hierarchical structures were never fully deployed in Scottish Screen - traces of these practices are identified, but, overall, actors defended more traditional organisational scripts.
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Junior, Joaquim Eloi Cirne de Toledo. "Linguagem, contexto e razão: Richard Rorty e a virada lingüística." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-24112009-144958/.
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A virada linguística da filosofia contemporânea implicou a recaracterização de problemas epistemológicos em termos da natureza e estrutura da linguagem (lógica), assim como em termos de interpretações das práticas linguísticas concretas (pragmática). Nesta última forma, a concepção da linguagem como instrumento de interação social, somada à constatação do caráter contextual das situações de interação, conduz em alguns casos a um tratamento das diferentes linguagens como jogos fechados em si mesmos, dotados de regras próprias e, nos casos extremos, incomensuráveis. É por esse caminho que Richard Rorty conduz a sua versão da virada linguística. Para Rorty, os desenvolvimentos da filosofia analítica em especial, a forma como W. O. Quine, W. Sellars e D. Davidson carregam o bastão que julgam receber das Investigações filosóficas de L. Wittgenstein apontam para uma concepção holística (contextual) da linguagem e, consequentemente, da racionalidade. Essa maneira de entender a linguagem tem, naturalmente, implicações para o tratamento de outras questões filosóficas morais, políticas e para a caracterização da própria atividade filosófica. Este trabalho procura reconstruir e indicar deficiências das elaborações de Rorty em relação a tais questões.The linguistic turn in contemporary philosophy entailed the restatement of epistemological problems in terms of the nature and structure of language (logic), and in terms of interpretations of linguistic practices (pragmatics). In the latter form, the conception of language as an instrument of social interaction, together with the contextual understanding of interaction situations, leads in some cases to the treatment of different languages as closed games endowed with their own rules and, in extreme cases, incommensurable. This is the path down which Richard Rorty takes his own version of the linguistic turn. For Rorty, the developments of analytical philosophy most importantly, the way W. O. Quine, W. Sellars and D. Davidson follow the lead of Wittgensteins Philosophical Investigations point to a holistic (contextual) understanding of language and, as a consequence, of rationality. This way of understanding language is related to Rortys treatment of other philosophical issues (moral and political) and to his characterization of Philosophy itself. This dissertation aims at reconstructing (and pointing to shortcomings of) Rortys understanding of these issues.
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Butler, Jayna D. ""You've Got to Be Carefully Taught": Reflections on War, Imperialism and Patriotism in America's South Pacific." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3812.
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Underneath the romance, comedy and exoticism, South Pacific is a story that questioned core American values, exploring issues of race and power at a time when these topics were intensely relevant-the original opened just four years post WWII, on the heels of Roosevelt's aggressive expansionist response to domestic instabilities. Much has been written about the depiction of war and racial prejudice in South Pacific. However, examining such topics in the context of their cultural and political moment (both in 1949 and 2008) and through the lens of Terry Eagleton's unique take on morality, is not only a fascinating study, but an intensely relevant and unchartered endeavor. This work concerns the evolution of an American code of ethics as it has been reflected and constructed in both Broadway productions of Roger and Hammerstein's South Pacific (c.1949, 2008). Specifically, it examines the depiction of WWII, America's imperialistic foreign policy, and the function of American patriotism in light of Terry Eagleton's theories surrounding an evolving code of ethics in 20th/21st century America. By so doing, this thesis uncovers answers to the following questions: What were the cultural and political forces at work at the time South Pacific was created (both in 1949 and 2008), and how did these forces influence the contrasting depictions of war, imperialism and patriotism in each version of the musical? In what ways were these productions reflective of a code of ethics that evolved from what Eagleton would classify as moral realism (prescriptive of behavior) to moral nihilism (reflective of behavior)? How did the use of this increasingly reflexive moral code make this politically controversial musical more palatable, and therefore commercially viable during the contrasting political climates of WWII and the recent war on Iraq? Determining answers to questions such as these enables us as a society to look back on our history-on our mistakes and triumphs-and recognize our tendency to find pragmatic justification for our actions rather than acknowledging the possibility of the existence of objective truth, which remains unchanged through time and circumstance.
Books on the topic "Pragmatic justification"
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Squarcini, Federico, ed. Boundaries, Dynamics and Construction of Traditions in South Asia. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-261-2.
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This collection of essays is meant to explore the various forms that the theme and the notion of "tradition2 took within the South Asian context, during ancient and pre-colonial periods. Designed by the editor to cover a significant selection of the specialized fields of knowledge that shaped classical South Asian intellectual history, the aim of this volume is to offer a stimulating anthology of papers on the different and complex processes employed during the "invention", construction, preservation and renewal of a given tradition.In this regard, the contributors have expertly analysed a large variety of aspects, namely the transmission of traditional canons "both textual and practical", the dynamisms and the strategies chosen for the renewal of a tradition, its internal and external dialectics, the procedures of its legitimation, the theoretical and pragmatic mechanisms of its survival, the tensions and the criticisms of traditional knowledge systems, etc. Attention has also been paid to problems related to the primacy exercised by highly specialized traditional experts, to monopolies in the transmission of knowledge, to its means of cultural and political justification, and to the connections between a specific traditional field of knowledge and the surrounding social arena.
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Zynda, Lyle. Subjectivism. Edited by Alan Hájek and Christopher Hitchcock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607617.013.20.
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This essay discusses subjective probability—its foundations, justification, and relation to other subjects, such as decision theory and confirmation theory. Various forms of subjectivism (the belief in subjective probability) are described, and distinguished from non-subjectivist approaches. Two broad approaches to justifying the laws of probability on subjectivist grounds are then discussed: (a) pragmatic approaches, based on betting behavior, with associated Dutch book arguments, or (more broadly) pragmatic approaches based on decision and preference theory, with its representation theorems; and (b) non-pragmatic (epistemic) approaches, with arguments based on calibration and gradational accuracy. These various arguments are assessed, and their scope and limitations spelled out in detail. Finally, the relation of subjective probability to the confirmation of scientific theories is discussed, focusing on the problem of old evidence, and its various proposed solutions.
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Gendler, Tamar Szabó, and John Hawthorne, eds. Oxford Studies in Epistemology Volume 6. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833314.001.0001.
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Oxford Studies in Epistemology is a biennial publication offering a regular snapshot of state-of-the-art work in this important field. Under the guidance of a distinguished editorial board composed of leading epistemologists in North America, Europe and Australasia, it publishes exemplary papers in epistemology, broadly construed. Topics within its purview include: (a) traditional epistemological questions concerning the nature of belief, justification, and knowledge, the status of skepticism, the nature of the a priori, etc.; (b) new developments in epistemology, including movements such as naturalized epistemology, feminist epistemology, social epistemology, and virtue epistemology, and approaches such as contextualism; (c) foundational questions in decision-theory; (d) confirmation theory and other branches of philosophy of science that bear on traditional issues in epistemology; (e) topics in the philosophy of perception relevant to epistemology; (f) topics in cognitive science, computer science, developmental, cognitive, and social psychology that bear directly on traditional epistemological questions; and (g) work that examines connections between epistemology and other branches of philosophy, including work on testimony, the ethics of belief, etc. Topics addressed in volume 6 include the nature of perceptual justification, intentionality, modal knowledge, credences, epistemic supererogation, epistemic and rational norms, expressivism, skepticism, and pragmatic encroachment. The various writers make use of a variety of different tools and insights, including those of formal epistemology and decision theory, as well as traditional philosophical analysis and argumentation.
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Kim, Sungmoon. Political Participation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671235.003.0002.
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This chapter provides a philosophical justification for the right to political participation in Confucian democracy by critically examining the philosophical conundrum surrounding it in Confucian democratic theory from the perspective of democracy’s second-order value and with special attention to the circumstances of modern politics. It argues that the theoretical framework furnished by pragmatic Confucian democracy can show one a way to look at the conundrum from a different angle and to potentially resolve it without forfeiting his/her perfectionist commitment to Confucian values. It concludes by stressing that the conundrum regarding political participation in the modern Confucian constitutional polity, be it fully or only partially democratic, was caused by a combination of the strong influence of traditional Confucian ethical perfectionism on contemporary Confucian political theorists and their incomplete understanding of democracy either as a political institution (or simply election) or as a communitarian way of life.
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Gond, Jean-Pascal, Michael Lounsbury, Bernard Leca, and Charlotte Cloutier. Justification, Evaluation and Critique in the Study of Organizations: Contributions from French Pragmatist Sociology. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2017.
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Gond, Jean-Pascal, Michael Lounsbury, Bernard Leca, and Charlotte Cloutier. Justification, Evaluation and Critique in the Study of Organizations: Contributions from French Pragmatist Sociology. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2017.
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Gond, Jean-Pascal, Michael Lounsbury, Bernard Leca, and Charlotte Cloutier. Justification, Evaluation and Critique in the Study of Organizations: Contributions from French Pragmatist Sociology. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2017.
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Roberts, Julian V., Jesper Ryberg, and Jan W. de Keijser. Sentencing the Multiple Offender. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607609.003.0001.
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This book examines the complexities of sentencing when the offender stands convicted of multiple crimes. Contributors tackle the problem of multiple-offense sentencing in different ways and diverse perspectives. They consider the potential justifications for adopting a different approach when sentencing multiple offenders, one that results in more lenient sentences than would be the case if the crimes had been committed (and punished) as single offenses. They also discuss the courts’ pragmatic solutions to the problem, including the totality principle and the concept of overall proportionality, as well as proposals to justify the so-called bulk discount for multiple offending. Finally, they address the tension that exists between multiple concurrent crimes, and multiple crimes committed and punished sequentially.
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James A, Green. Part II The Criteria for the Operation of the Persistent Objector Rule, 6 The Timeliness Criterion. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704218.003.0007.
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This chapter analyses the last criterion for the operation of the persistent objector rule, namely, timeliness. A common feature of all mainstream understandings of the rule is that a state's objections must occur during the period where the embryonic customary law being objected to is still ‘emerging’. The chapter starts by identifying the timeless criterion in the literature and argues that state practice supports it in a broad sense. The chapter then argues that the commonly advanced justifications for the timeless criterion are unsatisfactory. The chapter then examines more pragmatic rationales. It also engages with arguments that have been made by a few commentators in support of an ex post facto right of withdrawal from customary international law. The chapter finally turns to the problems associated with actually applying the timeless criterion.
Book chapters on the topic "Pragmatic justification"
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Bowen, John R. "Justification." In Pragmatic Inquiry, 113–27. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003034124-11.
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McKerrow, Raymie E. "Pragmatic Justification and Perelman’s Philosophical Rhetoric." In Practical Reasoning in Human Affairs, 207–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4674-3_11.
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Szaniawski, Klemens. "A Pragmatic Justification of Rules of Statistical Inference." In On Science, Inference, Information and Decision-Making, 87–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5260-0_11.
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Giovagnoli, Raffaela. "A Pragmatic Model of Justification for Social Epistemology." In Software Engineering and Formal Methods. SEFM 2020 Collocated Workshops, 89–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67220-1_7.
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Rizzieri, Aaron. "The Justification of Action-Guiding Beliefs: A Positive Account." In Pragmatic Encroachment, Religious Belief, and Practice, 113–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137009418_6.
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Rizzieri, Aaron. "James and the Justification Norm of Belief and Action." In Pragmatic Encroachment, Religious Belief, and Practice, 134–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137009418_7.
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Giovagnoli, Raffaela. "A Pragmatic Model of Justification Based on “Material Inference” for Social Epistemology." In Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology, 55–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32722-4_4.
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Feteris, Eveline T. "Chapter 5. The role of pragmatic argumentation in the justification of judicial decisions." In Argumentation in Context, 71–92. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aic.11.05fet.
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Holden, Meg. "Our starting point." In Pragmatic Justifications for the Sustainable City, 2–21. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2017] | Series: Routledge equity, justice and the sustainable city: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315651255-1.
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Holden, Meg. "Sustainability as a slippery and a sticky concept." In Pragmatic Justifications for the Sustainable City, 22–43. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2017] | Series: Routledge equity, justice and the sustainable city: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315651255-2.
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