Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pragmatic particles

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Pragmatic particles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pragmatic particles"

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Degaf, Agwin, NFN Irham, and Zainur Rofiq. "Sebuah Reviu terhadap Kajian Partikel Pragmatik dalam Beberapa Bahasa Daerah di Indonesia." Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa 9, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v9i1.1411.

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This paper aims to demonstrate studies of pragmatic particles in Indonesian vernacular languages. Given the fact that Indonesia ranked second most populated language in the world after New Guinea, we would expect a huge number of studies discussing Indonesian local languages. Review to studies of pragmatic particles in Indonesian language is therefore considered salient to carry out to shed light on how different authors examine different particles, what kind of method they employ to describe meaning and functions, and what potential implication this study could contribute in this field. Besides, it also enriches the cross-linguistic study of pragmatic particles in general. Following Macaro et al’s. (2017) guideline of systematic review, this study employed linear process of procedure by deciding keywords, screening title, reviewing abstract, examining full text, and drawing conclusion. The corpus of pragmatic particles employed in reviewed studies ranges from colloquial, spoken, dialogue, and monologue data. Some approaches were used to reveal the pragmatic meanings, such as conversation analysis approach, pragmatics, morpho-syntactic, and even phonological approach. This discussion in the present paper may be fruitful for researchers who are working on pragmatic particles or vernacular languages and suggests that more studies in local languages should be outstripped to sustain national linguistic identity in the global arena. AbstrakThis paper aims to demonstrate studies of pragmatic particles in Indonesian vernacular languages. Given the fact that Indonesia ranked second most populated language in the world after New Guinea, we would expect a huge number of studies discussing Indonesian local languages. Review to studies of pragmatic particles in Indonesian language is therefore considered salient to carry out to shed light on how different authors examine different particles, what kind of method they employ to describe meaning and functions, and what potential implication this study could contribute in this field. Besides, it also enriches the cross-linguistic study of pragmatic particles in general. Following Macaro et al’s. (2017) guideline of systematic review, this study employed linear process of procedure by deciding keywords, screening title, reviewing abstract, examining full text, and drawing conclusion. The corpus of pragmatic particles employed in reviewed studies ranges from colloquial, spoken, dialogue, and monologue data. Some approaches were used to reveal the pragmatic meanings, such as conversation analysis approach, pragmatics, morpho-syntactic, and even phonological approach. This discussion in the present paper may be fruitful for researchers who are working on pragmatic particles or vernacular languages and suggests that more studies in local languages should be outstripped to sustain national linguistic identity in the global arena.
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Xiao, Qin, and Pratomo Widodo. "CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF PARTICLES IN CHINESE AND INDONESIAN LANGUAGE." LITERA 18, no. 3 (November 19, 2019): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v18i3.24223.

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In Chinese and Indonesian, particles are often used and occupying an important place specifically in daily conversation. The study distinguishes ways of using particles in order to propose suggestions that can be useful for Chinese learners in Indonesia. In this article, the author describe the four pairs of particles to compare the similarities and differences in terms of syntax, semantics, pragmatics and analyzing the types and reasons in particle’s using error for Indonesian learners based on corpus HSK. Where the data sources are the examples of a sentence containing particles, the technique of data collection is the technique of reading and taking notes, and the instrument is a human instrument. The authors found that the four pairs of particles have similarities and differences in syntax, semantics and pragmatics: all of them can be used at the end and middle of the sentence, but not all can be used with other particles; all the pairs can translate to one another and can also be translated into other particles or adverbs, but there are some particles sometimes don’t need to be translated; in different contexts, the four pairs of modal particles have different pragmatic functions. Keywords: particle, Chinese, Indonesian, contrastive analysis
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van der Wal, Jenneke. "(Inter)subjectification in Makhuwa." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 14, no. 1 (March 4, 2013): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.14.1.01van.

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This study contributes to the research on the development of pragmatic particles from the perspective of the Bantu language Makhuwa. Makhuwa shows synchronic variation in the use of va and vo, which function as locative demonstratives, va (proximal) and vo (medial), but also as pragmatic particles in the left as well as the right periphery, where they draw the attention of the addressee, intensify the illocutionary force and indicate the relationship between speaker and addressee. The supposed development from demonstrative to pragmatic particle confirms the relevance of both peripheries for the change to pragmatic particle. Discussing the (inter)subjective properties of these pragmatic particles, the paper argues for a relatively broad definition of (inter)subjectivity as grounding the message in the speech situation (oriented towards the speaker, addressee or discourse).
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Fischer, Kerstin, and Maiken Heide. "Inferential Processes in English and the Question whether English has Modal Particles." Open Linguistics 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 509–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2018-0025.

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Abstract In this paper, we ask whether English pragmatic markers may evoke similar inferential processes in discourse as German modal particles, studying alright/all right, already and then in more detail. Moreover, we investigate whether specific formal features are associated with these uses and thus whether there is any evidence for a productive modal particle category that can serve as a guideline for the creation and interpretation of modal particle uses of English pragmatic markers. Our analysis shows that even though evidence for a schematic modal particle construction is not conclusive, modal particle uses of pragmatic markers may be potentially widespread in English, and the inferential processes involved may be similar across languages.
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Fortuin, Egbert. "Kirsner on imperatives and pragmatic particles." Nederlandse Taalkunde 20, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/nedtaa2015.2.fort.

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Vaskó, Ildikó. "Pragmatic particles indicating expectation—The case ofPersze." Acta Linguistica Hungarica 59, no. 4 (December 2012): 465–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aling.59.2012.4.4.

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Foolen, Ad. "A pragmatic analysis of Norwegian modal particles." Lingua 93, no. 4 (August 1994): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(94)90363-8.

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Gupta, Anthea Fraser. "The pragmatic particles of Singapore colloquial English." Journal of Pragmatics 18, no. 1 (July 1992): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(92)90106-l.

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Li, Bingyun. "Gender, Politeness and Pragmatic Particles in French (review)." Language 80, no. 4 (2004): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2004.0211.

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Taguchi, Naoko, and Shuai Li. "Introduction to a thematic review: Pragmatics research in Chinese as a second language." Chinese as a Second Language Research 6, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2017-0001.

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AbstractAs Chinese is quickly becoming the language for intercultural communication, rules and norms of interaction in Chinese – how to speak with the level of politeness and formality required in a situation, or to understand another person’s intention communicated indirectly – are critical aspects of learning Chinese. Despite this growing interest in Chinese teaching and research, most studies have focused on formal aspects of Chinese competence (e.g., grammar and character knowledge), and little research has addressed pragmatic aspects of Chinese learning (Taguchi, 2015). To fill this gap, this thematic review presents four empirical studies on pragmatics in Chinese as a second language. Four studies deal with a variety of pragmatic features in Chinese (e.g., sentence final particles, formulaic expressions, request-making forms, mitigation strategies, stance markers) to illustrate how those features can inform us about L2 Chinese learners’ pragmatic competence and development.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pragmatic particles"

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Huang, Mei-Chu S. "Utterance particles in Taiwanese conversation and their pragmatic functions." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1242144.

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The discourse functions of three Taiwanese particles la, hon and ne are analyzed. These utterance particles occur primarily found in the spoken language, usually conversation. The corpus of the study comprises transcription of recorded face-to-face, telephone, and radio talk show conversation, casual interviews, and church sermons. All three Taiwanese particles express a form of emphasis but in different ways. La has five interrelated functions, depending on the context: 1. To express in an assertion and in an answer to a question; 2. To express a sense of guessing or questioning; 3. To express one's impatience, dislike, or annoyance; 4. To indicate a sense of coaxing; 5. To emphasize each item in an incomplete list. Hon expresses the lowest degree of speaker emphasis of the three particles. It is used to elicit a minimal or a positive response from the addressee. Finally, ne expresses the strongest degree of emphasis of the three. It is usually used to draw the addressee's attention to information that the speaker assumes is new to the hearer.
Department of English
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Chor, Oi-wan Winnie, and 左靄雲. "A semantic and pragmatic analysis of verbal particles in Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2914744X.

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Fung, Roxana Suk-Yee. "Final particles in standard Cantonese : semantic extension and pragmatic inference /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488195154360318.

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Yilmaz, Erkan. "A Pragmatic Analysis Of Turkish Discourse Particles: Yani, Iste And Sey." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604853/index.pdf.

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Adopting an eclectic analytic perspective of discourse analysis, conversation analysis and functional approaches, this study conducts an in-depth pragmatic analysis and describes the function of three pragmatic particles yani, iSte and Sey in casual, conversational Turkish. All three particles have multiple functions, which are described by reference to occurrences in utterances within three different domains of conversation. While utterance initial occurrences of yani are mainly connective and continuative, the utterance final placement of yani mainly acts as a situating particle with a strongly interactional nature. The utterance medial occurrences are basically &lsquo
self-editing&rsquo
whereby the speaker marks the clarification of a point in his/her prior talk. iSte mainly acts as a frame particle demarcating utterances as containing detailed, highlighted, and reported information as well as connecting distant pieces of utterances. The third particle Sey basically marks the speaker&rsquo
s temporary mental effort of extracting the linguistic information from the memory. In addition to its major role in repair organisation whereby marking its producer&rsquo
s verbal planning and word search, Sey displays caution and discretion and marks politeness when assessing/asserting something about the self or the other.
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Taira, Masako. "A pragmatic analysis of Japanese sentence-final particles : a translational approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265958.

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Connors, Marianne Dorothy. "The pragmatic particles 'enfin' and 'écoute' in French film and TV dialogue." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/27764.

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This thesis investigates the use of the pragmatic particles (PPs) 'enfin' and 'écoute' in French film dialogue, and their translations in British English subtitles. Using a corpus of nine films and eight episodes drawn from two television series – all released in the UK between 2005 and 2015, and equating to approximately twenty-two hours – the study identifies tokens across a much wider range of contexts than has previously been possible using traditional corpora. The main contribution is an analysis of PP functions. The results for 'enfin' show a different functional distribution of the particle to other corpora, with corrective 'enfin' occurring significantly less frequently. The relatively large number of tokens of performative and emotional (or affective) 'enfin' allows for an elaboration of these two categories, and a tendency is observed for 'enfin' to appear as an apparent disagreement mitigator in discussions between peers. With regard to 'écoute', it is argued that écoute1 functions as a face-threat mitigator in unequal relationships and écoute2 as an FTA, although the particle is multifunctional and some tokens exhibit characteristics of both categories. Attention is given to combinations of 'enfin' and 'écoute' with other particles: while there is a clear tendency for disagreement-mitigating 'enfin' to co-occur with 'mais', and for the precision and restrictive subcategories of the corrective to co-occur with 'je veux dire', other previously documented combinations ('enfin bon' and 'ben écoute') are not frequently occurring in the present corpus. The thesis also makes a significant contribution to the field of Audiovisual Translation (AVT). The English subtitles show high rates of omission for both particles consistent with previous research, with disagreement-mitigating 'enfin' particularly vulnerable to omission. However, the analysis reveals a surprising pattern regarding 'écoute': a clear division of labour between ‘look’ (used to translate more confrontational tokens) and ‘listen’ (more conciliatory and socially distant). The study includes an experimental analysis of the subtitles relative to their character limits, demonstrating a potential new approach for researchers wishing to investigate the impact of various subtitling constraints.
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Han, Yang. "A pragmatic study of some sentence-final and post-verbal particles in Mandarin Chinese." Thesis, University of York, 1988. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4278/.

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Saigo, Hideki. "The pragmatic properties and sequential functions of the Japanese sentence-final particles ne, yo and yone." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2899/.

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Sentence-final particles in Japanese have proved notoriously difficult to explain and are especially challenging for second language users. This thesis examines the role of the Japanese sentence-final particles, ne, yo and yone, in talk-in-interaction with the aim of providing a comprehensive understanding that accounts for their pragmatic properties and sequential functions and that provides a sound basis for second language pedagogy. Taking as a starting point the failure of existing studies to provide a clear account as to why the particles occur only in interaction, this thesis argues that the pragmatic properties of ne, yo and yone have an important sequential function - that of indicating how the next turn is to relate to the existing turn. Thus the sentence-final particles have a grounding function and provide speakers of Japanese with a means of realizing the figure/ground properties of tums in talk-in-interaction. The function of each particle proposed in this study is shown below: Ne occurs when the speaker proposes that the figure emerging in the talk should be treated as a ground for the next proposition without further ado, typically in the expectation that the figure is either already known to the addressee or readily acceptable (pragmatic property) and thus directs the addressee's acceptance (sequential function).Yo occurs when the speaker intends the figure emerging in the talk to be grounded, typically in the expectation that the figure is either new to the addressee or even controversial (pragmatic property) and thus directs an appropriate response by the addressee (sequential function). We call a response triggered by the force of yo an assumptive response since, as well as being sequentially appropriate, such a response also provides an inferentially related proposition as the next contribution. This next contribution may also be provided by the original speaker. In yone constructions, yo falls within the scope of ne so that the speaker proposes that the figure emerging in the talk satisfies the criterion for having yo attached to it (pragmatic property) and thus directs the addressee's acceptance of this property (sequential function). In the appropriate context, as well as responding obligatorily to the force of we, a good conversationalist may also respond to the force of yo. The study also considers cases where no particle occurs, and proposes the function of the non-use of any particle (i.e. zero) as follows: Zero occurs when the speaker gives no intention as to how the figure emerging in the talk is grounded (pragmatic property) and thus directs the addressee to regard zero marked contributions as potentially topic closing (sequential fiinction).Although the motivation of the present research is pedagogical, the investigator expects this thesis to make a contribution to the rationalistic/empirical debate in pragmatics (Kopytko 1995, 2001 and 2004). The present research clearly illustrates the importance of understanding instances of talk in their sequential context rather than focusing on individual utterances. The study sets out rationalistically in the sense that decontextualized examples are used to set up a Particle Function Hypothesis, and then moves to an empirical stage where naturally occurring talk data are used to test the validity of the hypothesis. The approach followed in this investigation could thus be viewed as an attempt to bring together rationalistic and empirical pragmatic methods.
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Estling, Hellberg Sanna. "Translating pragmatic markers : or whatever you want to call them." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26149.

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This study analyses the translation of pragmatic markers from English into Swedish. The source text that was translated and used as a basis for the study is an article called “Black Books”, which was published in the British music magazine Prog in January 2013. The study is limited to question tags, general extenders and single-word pragmatic markers. It aims to investigate how these types of pragmatic markers can be translated in a dynamic and natural way, as well as how a careful analysis can facilitate the search for appropriate translation equivalents. Previous research and theories were used to determine the functions of the pragmatic markers in the source text, and the translation choices made on the basis of these findings were supported by corpus searches in the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus and Korp. The study revealed that because of the different ways in which pragmatic functions are expressed in English and Swedish, almost none of the pragmatic markers in the source text could be translated directly into Swedish. Formally equivalent solutions such as tja as a translation of well were generally considered too unnatural. While the study is too small to provide any general guidelines, it shows how a careful analysis may help the translator find more dynamically equivalent and natural solutions in the form of, for instance, other Swedish pragmatic markers, modal particles, adverbs and conjunctions.
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Beeching, Kate. "The speech of men and women in contemporary French : the function of parenthetical remarks and the pragmatic particles c'est-à-dire, enfin, hein and quoi." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100024.

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Cette thèse vise à tester l'hypothèse de Lakoff (1975), selon laquelle le discours des femmes est plus poli ou hésitant que celui des hommes. Elle focalise sur une analyse détaillée de l'emploi, dans un échantillon du français parlé contemporain, des incises parenthétiques et des particules énonciatives c'est-à-dire, enfin, hein et quoi. Les incises et les particules énonciatives répondent toutes les deux aux demandes de réparation et de sauvegarde de face qui caractérisent l'oral spontané. Le corpus d'oral spontané de dix-sept heures de longueur a été transcrit orthographiquement et soumis à des études aussi bien qualitatives que quantitatives. Les analyses qualitatives ont permis d'évaluer les facteurs contextuels qui motiveraient l'emploi des incises et des particules. Les analyses quantitatives, quant à elles, visaient à mesurer la fréquence d'apparition de ces éléments selon le sexe, l'âge et le niveau d'éducation du locuteur. Tandis que l'étude détaillée de facteurs contingents tels que les rôles sociaux adoptés par les locuteurs démontre la valeur d'une approche qualitative, l'approche quantitative voit sa légitimation en raison de la généralisabilité ou la falsifiabilité des résultats qui s'avèrent être à un niveau de significativité statistique. Les deux types d'analyse présupposent une sous-catégorisation des emplois pragmatiques de l'élément linguistique en question. Notre travail de thèse nous amène à la conclusion que, si l'emploi des incises et des particules diffère en fonction du sexe du locuteur, l'asymétrie ne réside pas dans le degré d'hésitation manifesté mais plutôt dans l'emploi de telles expressions pour introduire des ramifications explicatives ou des réparations, ces deux phénomènes étant bien plus évidents chez nos locuteurs que chez nos locutrices. Si le discours des femmes est plus poli, ceci est dû à la plus grande habilité que manifestent celles-ci dans l'emploi des particules, soit pour structurer leur discours, soit pour maintenir le contact avec leur co-locuteur
This thesis sets out to test Lakoff's (1975) hypothesis that women's speech is more polite or tentative than men's through a detailed analysis of the usage, in a sample of contemporary spoken French, of parenthetical remarks (PRs) and the pragmatic particles (PPs) c'est-à-dire, enfin, hein and quoi. PRs and PPs serve both the repair requirements and the social interactional 'face-work' which are characteristic of spontaneous speech. Qualitative and quantitative investigations were conducted on the seventeen-hour corpus of orthographically-transcribed spontaneous speech. The aim of the qualitative analysis was to evaluate the contextual factors which may motivate the use of PRs and PPs. The quantitative analysis, by contrast, set out to measure the distributional frequencies of their usage according to the sex, age and educational background of the speakers. Whilst the detailed exploration of contingent factors such as the social roles adopted by the speakers demonstrates the value of a qualitative account, the fact that it is possible to make generalisable or falsifiable pronouncements on the basis of results found to be statistically significant in the data legitimises the adoption of a quantitative account. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses presume a prior sub-categorisation of the pragmatic usages of the linguistic item under investigation. The thesis arrives at the conclusion that, if men's and women's usage of PRs and PPs differs in the corpus, the asymmetry lies not in the degree of tentativeness displayed but rather in the use made of such expressions to introduce explanatory ramification and to mediate repair, both of which are favoured to a greater extent by the male speakers in our corpus. If the female speakers display greater politeness, it lies in their more adroit usage of the PPs to structure discourse and to maintain contact with their interlocutor
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Books on the topic "Pragmatic particles"

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Beeching, Kate. Gender, politeness and pragmatic particles in French. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1999.

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A pragmatic analysis of Norwegian modal particles. [Dallas]: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1992.

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Beeching, Kate. Gender, politeness and pragmatic particles in French. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub., 2002.

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Fedriani, Chiara, and Andrea Sansó, eds. Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.186.

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G, Wu, ed. The Chinese particle le: Discourse construction and pragmatic marking in Chinese. London: Routledge, 2006.

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Pragmatic markers in English: Grammaticalization and discourse functions. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1996.

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The Japanese sentence-final particles in talk-in-interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2011.

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From cognitive semantics to lexical pragmatics: The functional polysemy of discourse particles. Berlin: M. de Gruyter, 2000.

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Ormelius-Sandblom, Elisabet. Die Modalpartikeln "ja, doch" und "schon": Zu ihrer Syntax, Semantik und Pragmatik. Stockholm, Sweden: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1997.

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Tran, Hau. Syntax and pragmatics: The Japanese particles GA and WA, and their relationship. [S.l: The Author], 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pragmatic particles"

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Foolen, Ad. "Pragmatic particles." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 1–24. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.2.pra3.

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Sévigny, Alexandre. "3. Kamo, an attitudinal pragmatic marker of Macedonian." In South Slavic Discourse Particles, 45–63. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.197.05sev.

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Blass, Regina. "Particles, propositional attitude and mutual manifestness." In Pragmatic Markers and Propositional Attitude, 39. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.79.03bla.

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Fedriani, Chiara, and Andrea Sansó. "Introduction. Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 1–33. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.186.01fed.

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Östman, Jan-Ola. "On the language-internal interaction of prosody and pragmatic particles." In Levels of Linguistic Adaptation, 203. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.6.2.13ost.

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Shinzato, Rumiko. "From degree/manner adverbs to pragmatic particles in Japanese: A corpus-based approach to the parallel diachronic development ofamari,bakari, andyahari." In Diachronic Corpus Pragmatics, 77–106. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.243.07shi.

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van Reenen, Pieter, and Lene Schøsler. "The Pragmatic Functions of the Old French Particles AINZ, APRES, DONC, LORS, OR, PUIS, and SI." In Textual Parameters in Older Languages, 59. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.195.05ree.

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Zeevat, Henk. "Particles: Presupposition Triggers, Context Markers or Speech Act Markers." In Optimality Theory and Pragmatics, 91–111. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230501409_5.

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Ifantidou, Elly. "Procedural encoding of explicatures by the Modern Greek particle taha." In Pragmatic Markers and Propositional Attitude, 119. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.79.06ifa.

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Okamoto, Shigeko. "Pragmaticization of meaning in some sentence-final particles in Japanese." In Essays in Semantics and Pragmatics, 219. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.32.12oka.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pragmatic particles"

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Lee, Lou, Katarina Bartkova, Mathilde Dargnat, and Denis Jouvet. "Prosodic and pragmatic values of discourse particles in French." In 9th Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2018/09/0018/000351.

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German, James Sneed, and Laurent Prévot. "Sentence-final particles in Singapore English: Are they pragmatic or phonological?" In Speech Prosody 2016. ISCA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2016-181.

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Shabalin, E. P. "PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO DESCRIPTION OF ππ SCATTERING." In Proceedings of the Tenth Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704948_0017.

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Peyton-Bruhl, A., D. Belton, A. D. Walker, G. Snowsill, and C. Young. "Development of a CFD Based Methodology for Predicting Oil Auto-Ignition in Gas Turbine Bearing Chambers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-92050.

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Abstract The demand for increased efficiencies in modern aeroengines drives designs to higher pressure ratios, temperatures and shaft speeds. Consequently, higher cycle temperatures and parasitic heat loads are likely to become limiting factors in the design of bearing chambers. These chambers are lubricated and cooled with oil and pressurized using air taken from the main gas path. Historically, the temperature and pressure of the sealing air has been low enough to exclude the risk of bearing chamber oil fires caused by oil auto-ignition. However, temperatures are being driven towards the limits set by current design rules. With respect to oil fire risk assessment, current design rules are very conservative as they pessimistically assume the oil is continuously exposed to the maximum temperature expected in operation when determining the minimum residence time required for oil auto-ignition. Improved bearing chamber designs capable of tolerating higher temperatures could therefore be developed by applying a more rational level of conservatism, based on a more physics-based approach (such as considering the effect of an oil droplet being transported through a varying temperature field). In this paper a numerical methodology is developed to provide a pragmatic approach to addressing conservatism in bearing chamber oil fire risk assessment, with respect to oil auto-ignition. An unsteady Eulerian CFD prediction is used to compute the aerothermal flow field within a stylized bearing chamber. A Lagrangian discrete particle method is then used to track the oil droplet trajectories. The time-dependent droplet temperature histories are then used to compute the fractional accumulation of auto-ignition delay time using an empirically derived relationship. Finally, by defining an ‘auto-ignition (AI) energy’ accumulation factor, the methodology assesses whether an individual oil droplet has satisfied the criteria for auto-ignition. The present contribution examines the effects of various modelling parameters on the ‘AI energy’ accumulation factor. These include one/two-way coupling between the air flow and oil droplets, stochastic turbulence modelling of the droplet behavior, and the effect of droplet size and distribution. The work highlights that two-way coupling is required to ensure the thermal effect of the oil is modelled, despite the increased computational demand. Stochastic modelling of interactions between particles and the flow field is also required to capture the spread of particle trajectories and the resulting distribution of particle temperatures. A representative range of droplet sizes must also be simulated as the propensity for oil AI is a function of droplet diameter; the highest risk occurs for the smallest droplets whilst the largest droplets have greater cooling effect on the air flow. Given the extent of model simplification required to allow the work to be completed with a mid-spec desktop computer and the overall scope of the project, a validation of the findings has not been completed. Instead, an experimental validation is proposed as part of future investigation. The authors imagine that with enough investigation and validation, the understanding developed by the work could be applied as part of a computationally efficient industrial design toolset to inform the early stages of product design.
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Ruscheinski, Andreas, Anja Wolpers, Philipp Henning, Tom Warnke, Fiete Haack, and Adelinde M. Uhrmacher. "Pragmatic Logic-Based Spatio-Temporal Pattern Checking in Particle-Based Models." In 2020 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc48552.2020.9383908.

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Hakobyan, Karen. "SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF THE RUSSIAN PARTICLE DAZHE [�EVEN�] IN NEGATION." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/3.6/s14.069.

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Mota, Clara Rodrigues Da, and Sophie Herment. "The pragmatic functions of the final particle 'eh' and of high rising terminals in Canadian English: Quite similar, eh!" In Speech Prosody 2016. ISCA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2016-180.

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